JP2013239328A - Operation management method and device of storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide operation management method and device of storage battery capable of minimizing deterioration by performing state management of storage batteries or the like without stopping power supply to a load by using a battery pack consisting of a plurality of storage batteries.SOLUTION: A management control unit 150 determines a battery column 111 for UPS operation and a battery column 111 for PSOC operation by calculating the state quantity of each battery column 111 of a battery pack 110. The PSOC operation and UPS operation are switched every predetermined period, so that the battery column 111 is not operated only by PSOC operation for a long time.

Description

  The present invention relates to a storage battery operation management method and an operation management apparatus, and more particularly, to a storage battery operation management method and an operation management apparatus for performing operation management of an assembled battery including two or more storage batteries.

  In recent years, the need for the use of natural energy has been increasing, and the use thereof is expected to increase. In power generation using natural energy, the amount of power generation becomes unstable. Therefore, there is a demand for a power supply system that can level the power generation and enable stable power supply. In such a power supply system, a storage battery is used to level the amount of power generated by natural energy. By using a storage battery, it is possible to charge the storage battery when surplus power generation occurs, and to discharge the storage battery when the power generation amount is insufficient.

  As described above, in order to charge when the surplus in power generation occurs and to be able to discharge when the power generation is insufficient, it is necessary to keep the storage battery in a partially charged state in which charging and discharging are always possible. In order to maintain the storage battery in a suitable partially charged state, an operation management device that manages the charge capacity (SOC) of the storage battery and appropriately operates it is necessary.

  When a lead storage battery is used as the storage battery, lead sulfate is generated on the surface of the electrode plate by discharge. If this discharge state is continued for a long time, the crystal of lead sulfate becomes enlarged, and there is a problem that the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery deteriorate without reducing lead sulfate even if it is charged next time. Therefore, for example, by temporarily charging the storage battery, a method of reducing the generated lead sulfate to recover the charge / discharge characteristics is employed. In this case, it is necessary to temporarily stop the partial charge state, that is, to temporarily stop the power supply system. As a result, the operating rate of the power supply system is lowered and the energy utilization efficiency is also lowered.

  Further, in order to manage the charging capacity of the storage battery, means for detecting the current charging capacity is required. However, since the reaction in the lead storage battery is complicated, for example, the method of estimating the charge capacity from the voltage of the storage battery has a problem that the error of the estimated value is large. Further, the charging capacity can be calculated by always integrating the charging / discharging current, but this method increases the error with time. Therefore, for example, it is necessary to periodically charge the storage battery to full charge (SOC = 100%) or complete discharge (SOC = 0%), and accumulate charge / discharge current again from that state. For this reason, the operating rate of the power supply system is lowered and energy utilization efficiency is lowered.

  When the storage battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, the deterioration progresses and the full charge capacity decreases. As a method for detecting the deterioration of the full charge capacity, for example, a method of measuring the impedance of the storage battery and obtaining the full charge capacity from this is known. There is also a method in which the full charge capacity is directly measured by fully charging the storage battery and discharging the total amount of charge. However, in any method, it is necessary to temporarily charge the storage battery, which reduces the operating rate of the power supply system and also reduces the energy utilization efficiency.

  Therefore, a technology of a power supply system that includes a plurality of storage batteries and controls charging / discharging is known. Patent Document 1 includes two storage batteries A and B that have a characteristic that the charging capacity is higher as the amount of stored electricity after discharge is smaller, and the two storage batteries A and B are sequentially switched by the storage battery switching means. A storage battery charge control device and control method for performing good charge control are described.

  Patent Document 2 describes a power supply system that suppresses overdischarge and deterioration of an assembled battery composed of a plurality of batteries, and that enables a return from a stopped state of a power feeding operation. Here, there is disclosed a technique for preventing overdischarge by continuing to supply power to the control unit even after power supply to the load is stopped.

JP 2006-136150 A JP 2008-211195 A

  However, Patent Document 1 does not disclose a technique for fully charging a storage battery to suppress deterioration. Therefore, it may be used for a long time in the state of partial charge, and deterioration may progress. Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for stopping / resuming discharge from the assembled battery, but does not describe any control of the battery array inside the assembled battery. None of Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot suppress deterioration of a storage battery without stopping power feeding to a load using an assembled battery including a plurality of storage batteries.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve these problems, and suppresses deterioration by managing the state of the storage battery without stopping power supply to the load using an assembled battery composed of a plurality of storage batteries. It is an object of the present invention to provide an operation management method and an operation management apparatus for a storage battery that can be used.

  A first aspect of the storage battery operation management method of the present invention is a load group including a load operated in the first operation mode that only receives power and a load operated in the second operation mode that receives power and generates power. On the other hand, a storage battery operation management method for feeding and receiving power using an assembled battery in which two or more battery arrays configured by connecting one or more storage batteries in series are arranged in parallel, and at least charging each of the battery arrays Input a state quantity including a quantity, a battery string of a first power supply type that operates in a fully charged state in which the charge quantity is higher than a first threshold, and the charge quantity is less than or equal to the first threshold and A battery string of a second power supply type that operates in a partially charged state higher than two thresholds is selected from the assembled battery, a charging current is supplied to the battery string of the first power supply type, and The load of the first operation mode and the power of the first power supply type Characterized in that connecting the columns to connect the battery bank and load the second power supply type of the second operation mode.

  Another aspect of the operation management method for a storage battery according to the present invention is characterized in that a battery train operated for a predetermined period or more in the second power supply type is operated by switching to the first power supply type. .

  In another aspect of the storage battery operation management method of the present invention, when two or more battery rows are connected to one load, the battery rows having substantially the same charge amount are selected and connected. Features.

  According to another aspect of the storage battery operation management method of the present invention, when there is an unconnected battery row that is not connected to any of the loads, the battery row of the first power supply type or the second power supply Selecting any one of the types of battery trains, switching the connection destination of the load of the connection destination to the unconnected battery train, and performing the deterioration diagnosis by leaving the selected battery train unconnected. To do.

  According to another aspect of the operation management method for a storage battery of the present invention, in the deterioration diagnosis, a relationship between a voltage integrated value obtained by integrating open-circuit voltages for a predetermined period after completion of charging and a deterioration amount is created in advance as reference data. Calculating the integrated voltage value from the measured value of the open-circuit voltage after the charging of the selected battery array is completed, and calculating the deterioration amount from the calculated integrated voltage value and the reference data. And

  The first aspect of the storage battery operation management apparatus of the present invention is a load group composed of a load operated in the first operation mode only receiving power and a load operated in the second operation mode receiving power and generating power. On the other hand, it is an operation management device for a storage battery that is provided with an assembled battery in which two or more battery rows configured by connecting one or more storage batteries in series are arranged in parallel to supply and receive power, and is provided in each of the battery rows. A charge switch for turning on / off the charging current, and a supply current to the load of the first operation mode and the load of the second operation mode provided in each of the battery arrays, and the second operation mode A charge / discharge switch for turning on / off a charging current from a load; a charging unit for controlling the charging switch to turn on / off the charging current received from a predetermined power supply; and a load of the first operation mode And the load of the second operation mode. A charge / discharge unit that controls the charge / discharge switch to open / close the connection with each of the battery rows; a state detection unit that detects a state quantity including at least a charge amount of each of the battery rows; The state amount of each of the battery rows is input from the state detection unit, and the battery row of the first power supply type that operates in a fully charged state where the charge amount is higher than a first threshold value and the charge amount A battery string of a second power supply type that operates in a partially charged state that is less than or equal to the first threshold value and higher than a second threshold value is selected from the assembled battery, and the battery string of the first power supply type The charging unit is controlled so as to supply the charging current to the load, and the load of the first operation mode is connected to the battery row of the first power supply type, and the load of the second operation mode is connected. Connecting the battery array of the second power supply type A management control section for controlling the urchin said discharge portion, characterized in that it comprises a.

  According to the present invention, a storage battery operation management method and an operation management apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration by performing state management of a storage battery without stopping power supply to a load using an assembled battery including a plurality of storage batteries. Can be provided.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the operation management apparatus of the storage battery of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the assembled battery comprised by connecting a some storage battery in series. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically COA of a storage battery, COD, and a deterioration degree. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between the voltage at the time of charge of a storage battery, and COA and COD. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between the voltage integration value which integrated | accumulated the open end voltage of the predetermined period after completion | finish of charge, and deterioration amount. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of the operation management method of the storage battery of 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process which selects the electric power supply classification for every battery row | line. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process for changing an operation system with an operation period length. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the operation management apparatus of 1st Embodiment when the number of loads is set to 4 and the number of battery rows is set to 3. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example by which two battery rows are connected to a charging part, and are charged / discharged. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the operation management apparatus of the storage battery of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of the operation management method of the storage battery of 2nd Embodiment.

  A storage battery operation management method and operation management apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, about each structural part which has the same function, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and shown for simplification of illustration and description.

(First embodiment)
A storage battery operation management apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a storage battery operation management apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. In the figure, the flow of electric power is indicated by a solid line, and the flow of other control signals and the like is indicated by a broken line. The operation management apparatus 100 includes an assembled battery 110 composed of a plurality of storage batteries, and supplies power from the assembled battery 110 to an external load group 10.

  As the load group 10 supplied with power from the assembled battery 110, a plurality of loads 11-1 to 11-m (hereinafter referred to simply as loads 11) having different operation modes (m (≧ 2)). .) Can be connected. The operation mode of the load 11 can be roughly classified into two types according to the mode of power supply from the assembled battery 110. The first operation mode of the load 11 is an operation mode that only receives power from the assembled battery 110 (only consumes power). Further, the second operation mode is an operation mode in which not only power is received and power is consumed, but also charging current is supplied to the assembled battery 110 by generating power.

  The storage battery connected to the load 11 of the first operation mode is required to be in a state close to full charge in order to increase the amount of power supply. Further, the storage battery connected to the load 11 in the second operation mode is required to be in a partially charged state (PSOC state) that enables both charging and discharging.

  As the load 11 of the first operation mode, for example, there is a load requiring backup or a load for disaster prevention. The load that needs to be backed up is a load that needs to be supplied quickly from other than the power system when the power supply from the power system such as a power failure due to an accident or a planned power failure is stopped. In addition, as a load for disaster prevention, there are loads such as lighting equipment and communication equipment that require electric power in an evacuation facility during a natural disaster or the like.

  As the load 11 of the second operation mode, for example, there is a load as power supply / demand adjustment for adjusting fluctuations in power demand and a load accompanied by generation of regenerative energy. Examples of power supply / demand adjustment for adjusting fluctuations in power demand include those aimed at adjusting power fluctuations within 30 minutes, and those aimed at leveling fluctuations over longer periods. . Alternatively, there is power supply / demand adjustment for leveling fluctuations in generated power due to natural energy. An example of a load that accompanies generation of regenerative energy is an elevator or the like, which is a load that receives power from outside for power and generates electric power from regenerative energy and supplies it to the outside.

  A plurality (n (≧ 2)) of battery packs 110 provided in the operation management apparatus 100 are battery rows 111-1 to 111-n (hereinafter, each is simply referred to as a battery row 111). Are arranged in parallel. Each battery row 111 is configured by connecting a plurality of cells (storage batteries) 112 in series as illustrated in FIG. The assembled battery 110 is not limited to this, and a plurality of single storage batteries may be arranged in parallel instead of the battery array 111. Here, a lead storage battery is used as the storage battery 112.

  Each battery array 111 is provided with measuring instruments 121-1 to 121-n (hereinafter, simply referred to as measuring instruments 121), and the measurement data of the battery arrays 111 acquired by the measuring instrument 121. Is output to the state detection unit 120. One measuring device 121 provided in each battery array 111 may measure the state quantity of the entire battery array 111, or may measure the state quantity of each cell 112. The measuring instrument 121 includes current measuring means, voltage measuring means, and temperature measuring means for measuring the current, voltage, and temperature of the battery array 111.

  The state detection unit 120 calculates the state quantity of each battery row 111 based on the current, voltage, and temperature of each battery row 111-1 to 111-n input from the measuring instruments 121-1 to 121-n. . As the state quantity of the battery array 111 calculated by the state detection unit 120, COD (Capacity of discharge) and COA (Capacity of acceptance), which are state quantities representing the state of charge (SOC), and deterioration representing a decrease in the full charge capacity There is a quantity. The COD, COA, and deterioration amount of the storage battery are schematically shown in FIG.

  COD represents a dischargeable capacity that can be discharged until full discharge is reached, and COA represents a chargeable capacity that can be charged before the storage battery in the PSOC state reaches a full charge state. The deterioration amount represents the deterioration amount of the full charge capacity of the storage battery from the new time to the present time, that is, the difference between the full charge capacity at the new time and the current full charge capacity.

  The COD can be calculated by integrating the charge / discharge current from the state where the storage battery is completely discharged. Alternatively, it can be calculated by subtracting the integrated value of the charge / discharge current from the fully charged state of the storage battery from the current full charge capacity. The COA can be calculated by subtracting the COD from the current full charge capacity. The amount of deterioration can be calculated by subtracting the current full charge capacity from the full charge capacity when new.

  As another method for calculating the COA, the relationship between the voltage at the time of charging the storage battery and the COA (an example is indicated by the symbol A1 in FIG. 4A) is given in advance as a reference data in a function or a table format, It is possible to measure the voltage during charging and calculate the COA from the reference data. Similarly, as another method for calculating the COD, the relationship between the voltage at the time of discharging the storage battery and the COD (an example is indicated by the symbol A2 in FIG. 4B) is used as another reference data in advance as a function or a table format. It is possible to calculate the COD from the above other reference data by measuring the voltage at the time of discharging.

  Further, as another method for calculating the deterioration amount of the storage battery, the relationship between the integrated voltage value obtained by integrating the open-circuit voltage for a predetermined period after the end of charging and the deterioration amount (an example is shown in FIG. 5) or a function in advance. There is a method of using reference data created using a table format or the like. In this method, the open-circuit voltage is measured in a predetermined period after charging is completed, and the integrated value of the open-circuit voltage is integrated to calculate the integrated voltage value. Then, the deterioration amount corresponding to the integrated voltage value calculated from the measured value is calculated using the reference data.

  In the deterioration amount calculation method described above, the predetermined period after the end of charging is not limited to one, and may be two or more periods as illustrated in FIG. In FIG. 5, a period in which the transient change inside the storage battery after the end of charging is fast (period T <b> 1 shown in FIG. 5A) and a period in which the transient change inside the storage battery becomes slow after a certain amount of time has elapsed from the end of charging ( Two periods of period T2) shown in 5 (a) are set as predetermined periods. The open circuit voltage is measured in each period, and the open circuit voltage in each period is integrated to calculate a voltage integrated value.

  The relationship between the voltage integrated value and the deterioration amount in each of the periods T1 and T2 is indicated by reference numeral H1 in FIG. 5B and reference numeral H2 in FIG. In this way, the relationship between the integrated voltage value and the deterioration amount is created as reference data in two or more periods, the deterioration amount is calculated using the open-circuit voltage measured in each period, and the deterioration amount of the storage battery is further increased from this. The accuracy can be determined.

  The operation management apparatus 100 is connected to an external charging power source 20 as a power source used for charging the assembled battery 110. As the charging power source 20, not only the electric power system but also electric power generated by natural energy such as wind power or sunlight can be used. In order to open and close the connection between the external load group 10 and the charging power source 20 and the built-in battery pack 110, the charging unit 141 and the charging / discharging units 142-1 to 142-m (hereinafter, each is simply charged / charged). And a changeover switch unit 130. In addition, the changeover switch unit 130 includes charging switches 131-1 to 131-n (hereinafter, simply referred to as charging switches 131) and charging / discharging switches 132-1 to 132-n (hereinafter, each simply referred to as a charging switch 131). This is described as a charge / discharge switch 132.).

  The charging unit 141 has one end connected to the charging power source 20 and the other end connected to one end of each of the charging switches 131-1 to 131-n. The charging switches 131-1 to 131-n are connected at the other ends to the battery rows 111-1 to 111-n, respectively. The charging unit 141 controls the opening and closing of the charging switches 131-1 to 131-n in order to turn on / off the charging current from the charging power source 20 to the battery rows 111-1 to 111-n.

  Moreover, the charging / discharging part 142 is provided corresponding to each of the loads 11-1 to 11-m, one end is connected to each of the loads 11-1 to 11-m, and the other end is the charging / discharging switch 132. -1 to 132-n are all connected. The charge / discharge switches 132-1 to 132-n have the other ends connected to the battery rows 111-1 to 111-n, respectively. The charge / discharge units 142-1 to 142-m correspond to the battery rows 111-1 to 111-n connected to the respective loads 11-1 to 11-m, and the charge / discharge switches 132-1 to 132-n Controls opening and closing. The number of battery rows 111-1 to 111-n connected to each of the loads 11-1 to 11-m can be one or two or more.

  The charging unit 141 and the charging / discharging units 142-1 to 142-m control the charging switches 131-1 to 131-n and the charging / discharging switches 132-1 to 132-m, respectively, according to connection information from the management control unit 150. The management control unit 150 determines the battery column 111 to be charged by being connected to the charging power source 20 based on the respective state quantities of the battery columns 111-1 to 111-n, and is charged and connected to the charging unit 141. Output information. Moreover, the battery row | line | column connected to each of load 11-1 to 11-m based on each operation form of load 11-1 to 11-m, and each state quantity of battery row | line | column 111-1 to 111-n. 111 is determined, and load connection information is output to the charging / discharging units 142-1 to 142-m.

  In the above, the load 11 in the first operation mode that only receives power is connected to the battery array 111 in a state close to full charge, and the second operation mode in which not only power is received but also power generation is performed. It has been explained that it is necessary to connect the battery row 111 in the PSOC state to the load 11. Hereinafter, the power supply type of the battery column 111 that operates in a state near full charge is referred to as UPS operation (first power supply type), and the power supply type of the battery column 111 that operates in the PSOC state is referred to as PSOC operation ( The second power supply type). In UPS operation, the COD of the battery array 111 is set higher than a first threshold value (for example, 80% of full charge). In the PSOC operation, the COD of the battery array 111 is set to be equal to or lower than the first threshold value and higher than the second threshold value (for example, 20% of full charge).

  In the operation management apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, the management control unit 150 calculates the state quantity of each battery column 111 of the assembled battery 110 and performs a deterioration diagnosis, so that the battery column 111 operated in UPS and the battery column operated in PSOC. 111 is determined. Further, the PSOC operation and the UPS operation are switched every predetermined period so that the battery array 111 is not operated for a long time only by the PSOC operation. Thereby, deterioration of the battery row | line | column 111 is suppressed. The operation management method of the storage battery of this embodiment processed by the management control part 150 is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing of the storage battery operation management method of the present embodiment.

  First, when the operation management apparatus 100 of this embodiment is started in step S1, necessary initialization is performed in step S2. As necessary initialization, there are initializations such as the number m of loads 11 for supplying power, the number n of battery arrays 111 built in the assembled battery 110, and a count number CNT to be described later. In the next step S3, the respective operation modes of the loads 11-1 to 11-m are input. The operation mode for each load 11 is stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown) or the like of the operation management apparatus 100, and this is read and either one of the first operation mode and the second operation mode is set for each load. 11 can be set.

  In step S4, it is determined whether any request is input from the outside. Requests that can be input from the outside include an initialization request for the operation management apparatus 100, a stop request for the operation management apparatus 100, a request for changing the power supply type of the designated battery column 111, a maintenance request for the designated battery string 111, and the like. In step S5, it is determined whether there is a request for initialization of the operation management apparatus 100 as an external request. As a result, if there is an initialization request, the process returns to step S2 to perform predetermined initialization. If there is no initialization request, the process proceeds to the next step S6.

  In step S6, it is determined whether there is a request for stopping the operation management apparatus 100 as an external request. As a result, if there is a stop request, the operation management apparatus 100 is stopped in step S7, and power supply to the load 11 is stopped. If there is no stop request, the process proceeds to the next step S8.

  In step S8, it is determined whether there is a request for changing the power supply type of the designated battery array 111 as an external request. As a result, when there is a request for changing the power supply type, the process proceeds to step S9. In step S9, the power supply type of the designated battery array 111 is changed to the designated one. Alternatively, it may be switched to PSOC operation when the power supply type of the designated battery array 111 is UPS operation, and switched to UPS operation when PSOC operation is performed. When the process of step S9 ends, the process proceeds to step S10.

  On the other hand, if there is no request for changing the power supply type, the process proceeds to step S20. In step S20, a power supply type for UPS operation or PSOC operation is selected for each battery array 111 based on the state quantity. In addition, a fully charged operation is selected instead of the power supply type for the battery row 111 that needs to be charged, and a maintenance operation is selected for the battery row 111 to be maintained. The process in step S20 will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. When the process of step S20 ends, the process proceeds to step S10.

  In step S10, the connection relationship between the load 11 and the battery array 111 is determined based on the operation mode of the load 11 and the power supply type of the battery array 111, and load connection information is created. In other words, load connection information for connecting the UPS operation battery train 111 to the load 11 of the first operation mode and connecting the PSOC operation battery train 111 to the load 11 of the second operation mode is created. When there are two or more battery rows 111 having a corresponding power supply type for one load 11, for example, the battery row 111 connected to the load 11 based on the power consumption of the load 11 and the COD of the battery row 111. Can be selected. When the process of step S10 ends, the process proceeds to step S11.

  The processing of each step described above is mainly performed by the management control unit 150. In step S11, predetermined connection information is output from the management control unit 150 to the charging unit 141 and the charging / discharging units 142-1 to 142-m. First, charging connection information is output to the charging unit 141 so that the charging switch 131 is closed with respect to the battery row 111 for which full charge operation and UPS operation are selected in step S20. Also, load connection information is stored in each of the charge / discharge units 142-1 to 142-m so that the charge / discharge switch 132 is closed with respect to the battery array 111 connected to each of the loads 11-1 to 11-m. Is output.

  In Step S12, the charging unit 141 and the charging / discharging units 142-1 to 142-m switch between opening and closing of the charging switch 131 and the charging / discharging switch 132, respectively. That is, the charging unit 141 closes the charging switch 131 of the battery array 111 for which full charging is selected by the charging connection information, and opens the other charging switches 131. Each charging / discharging unit 142 closes the charging / discharging switch 132 of the battery array 111 selected as the connection destination by the load connection information, and opens the other charging / discharging switches 132.

  As a result of the processing in step S12, the battery train 111 for which full charge operation has been selected in step S20 is connected to the charging power source 20 and charged. In addition, the UPS-operated battery train 111 connected to the load 11 in the first operation mode is always fully charged with the charge switch 131 closed. Furthermore, the PSOC-operated battery train 111 connected to the load 11 in the second operation mode supplies power to the load 11 at the connection destination, and receives and charges the power generated by the load 11. Note that the charge switch 131 and all the charge / discharge switches 132 are opened for the battery row 111 for which maintenance operation is selected.

  Next, the method for selecting the power supply type for each battery array 111 in step S20 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing for selecting a power supply type for each battery array 111. Here, the power supply types of n battery rows 111 are sequentially selected. First, the count i for sequentially selecting the battery row 111 is set to 0 in step S21. In the next step S22, the battery row 111 is sequentially selected by adding 1 to the count i.

  In step S23, it is determined whether there is a maintenance request for the i-th battery row 111 as the external request input in step S4. If it is a maintenance target, the process proceeds to step S24, and if it is not a maintenance target, the process proceeds to step S25. In step S24, the i-th battery row 111 is set as a maintenance target, and then the process proceeds to step S31.

  On the other hand, in step S <b> 25, COA (battery row 111 being charged) or COD (battery row 111 being discharged) and the amount of deterioration are input from the state detection unit 120. Further, information on whether or not an abnormality is detected by the state detection unit 120 is input. In step S26, it is determined whether or not abnormality detection information is input from the state detection unit 120 in step S25. When an abnormality is detected, the process proceeds to step S24 to be a maintenance target. If it is determined in step S26 that no abnormality has been detected, the process proceeds to step S27.

  In the next steps S27 and S28, the deterioration of the battery array 111 is determined. First, in step S27, it is determined whether or not the deterioration is unrecoverable by determining whether or not the deterioration amount is larger than the third threshold value. As a result, if it is determined that the deterioration is unrecoverable, the process proceeds to step S24 and is set as a maintenance target. If it is determined that the deterioration is not unrecoverable, the process proceeds to step S28.

  In step S28, it is determined whether or not there is recoverable deterioration by comparing the deterioration amount with a fourth threshold value smaller than the third threshold value. As a result, when it is determined that there is a recoverable deterioration larger than the fourth threshold value, the process proceeds to step S29 and full charge is selected as the operation method. If it is determined that there is no deterioration (recoverable deterioration), the process proceeds to step S30.

  In step S30, UPS or PSOC is selected as the operation method of the battery array 111. That is, when the COD of the battery array 111 is higher than the first threshold, the UPS operation is selected, and when the COD is equal to or lower than the first threshold and higher than the second threshold, the PSOC operation is selected. In the next step S40, it is determined whether or not the battery train 111 has been operated for a predetermined period or more in the same operation method. If the same operation method has been continued for a predetermined period or longer, processing for switching the operation method is performed. The process of step S40 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  When the process of step S40 ends, it is determined in step S31 whether the count i is smaller than the number n of battery rows 111. When the count i is smaller than the number n, the process returns to step S22, 1 is added to the count i, and the next battery row 111 is processed. On the other hand, when the count i has reached the number n, it is determined that all the battery arrays 111 have been processed, and the process proceeds to step S10.

  Next, the process in step S40 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. First, in step S41, the previous operation method and count CNT of the battery row 111 are input. As for the previous operation method, when the operation method is selected in any of steps S30, S29, and S24, the immediately previous (previous) operation method is stored in a predetermined storage unit (not shown). . In step S41, the previous operation method stored in the storage unit is read and input.

  In step S42, it is determined whether the operation method has been changed by comparing the selected operation method with the previous operation method. If it is determined that the operation method has been changed, the process proceeds to step S43, the count CNT is cleared to 0, stored, and then the process proceeds to step S31. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S42 that the operation method has not been changed, the process proceeds to step S44, 1 is added to the count CNT, this is stored, and then the process proceeds to step S45. Note that all the CNTs for each battery array 111 are initialized to 0 by the initialization in step S2.

  In step S45, it is determined whether the count CNT is smaller than a predetermined threshold value MXC. If it is determined that CNT is smaller than MXC, the process proceeds to step S31. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S45 that CNT has reached MXC, the process proceeds to step S46. The CNT reaches MXC when the battery array 111 is operated in the same manner for a predetermined time.

  In step S46, the selected operation method is changed to another operation method. That is, when it is determined that the UPS operation is continued for a predetermined time, the operation method is changed to the PSOC operation. When it is determined that the PSOC operation is continued for a predetermined time, the operation method is changed to the UPS operation. Thereafter, in step S47, the count CNT is cleared to 0 and stored, and the process proceeds to step S31.

  FIG. 9 shows an example in which the operation method of the storage battery 111 is determined by the storage battery operation management method of the present embodiment described above. FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of the operation management apparatus 100 of the present embodiment when the number m of loads 11 is 4 and the number n of battery arrays 111 is 3. As the operation mode of the load 11, the first operation mode is described as “first”, and the second operation mode is described as “second” in the figure. In addition, the operation method of the battery array 111 determined by the operation management method of the present embodiment is indicated by “UPS” or “PSOC” in the drawing. FIG. 9 shows a state where the solid line is connected between the charging unit 141 and the charging switch 131 and between the charging / discharging unit 142 and the charging / discharging switch 132, and shows a state where the dotted line is not connected. Yes.

  The UPS operation battery train 111-1 is connected to the load 11-1 in the first operation mode, and the PSOC operation battery train 111-2 is connected to the loads 11-2 to 11-4 in the second operation mode. , 111-3 are connected. Here, the loads 11-2 and 11-3 are connected to the battery array 111-2, and the load 11-4 is connected to the battery array 111-3. The connection relationship between the loads 11-2 to 11-4 and the battery rows 111-2 and 111-3 depends on the power consumption of the loads 11-2 to 11-4, the COD of the battery rows 111-2 and 111-3, and the like. Determined.

  According to the storage battery operation management method and the operation management apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to use a battery pack composed of a plurality of storage batteries (battery row 111) and connect a storage battery suitable for a load operation mode to supply power. . In addition, it is possible to suppress deterioration by performing state management of the storage battery without stopping power supply to the load. Furthermore, deterioration of the storage battery can be suppressed by switching the power supply type of the storage battery within a predetermined period.

  In the storage battery operation management method and operation management apparatus according to the present embodiment, two or more battery rows 111 may be charged simultaneously from the charging unit 141, or one load 11 may be discharged from two or more battery rows 111. is there. In this case, in order for charge / discharge to be properly performed between the charging unit 141 or one load 11 and the two or more battery arrays 111, the CODs of the two or more battery arrays 111 need to be balanced. Here, for simplicity of explanation, an example in which two storage batteries (referred to as B1 and B2) are connected to a power source (referred to as S) and charged is shown in FIG. FIG. 10B shows an example in which the discharge is connected to L.).

  In the example shown in FIG. 10A, the COD of the storage battery B1 is 100%, and the COD of the storage battery B2 is 50%. In this way, when the storage batteries B1 and B2 having greatly different CODs are connected to the power source S at the same time to be charged, charging from the storage battery B1 to the storage battery B2 is performed until the COD of the storage battery B1 and the COD of the storage battery B2 are balanced. . That is, the storage battery B1 is not charged by receiving power from the power source S, but the storage battery B1 operates as a power source for charging the storage battery B2 together with the power source S. As a result, a charging current flows from the storage battery B1 to the storage battery B2.

  In the example shown in FIG. 10B, the COD of the storage battery B1 is 100%, and the COD of the storage battery B2 is 50%. When the storage batteries B1 and B2 having greatly different CODs are connected to one load L at the same time and discharged, the discharge from the storage battery B1 to the storage battery B2 until the COD of the storage battery B1 and the COD of the storage battery B2 are balanced. Is done. That is, the storage battery B1 discharges not only the load L but also the storage battery B2 as a load. As a result, a discharge current flows from the storage battery B1 to the storage battery B2.

  Therefore, in the storage battery operation management method and the operation management apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, when two or more battery arrays 111 are simultaneously connected to the charging unit 141 or one load 11, the battery array 111 in which the COD is balanced. To select. In addition, when the CODs of two or more battery rows 111 connected to the charging unit 141 are not balanced, they are not connected simultaneously.

(Second Embodiment)
A storage battery operation management method and operation management apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In the management control unit 150, when the battery row 111 that supplies power to all the loads 11 is assigned, there is a battery row 111 that is not connected to any load 11 (hereinafter, referred to as an unconnected battery row 111). Sometimes. In the operation management method and the operation management apparatus of the second embodiment, when there is an unconnected battery column 111, the deterioration amount of the battery column 111 being charged / discharged is calculated by switching this to the battery column 111 being charged / discharged. Thus, the deterioration diagnosis can be performed. Further, by fully charging the battery array 111 subject to deterioration diagnosis, the effect of restoring the deterioration can be obtained, and COD and COA calculated from the integrated current values can be reset to 100% and 0%, respectively. It becomes possible.

  In the operation management method and the operation management apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, the deterioration determination of the battery array 111 is also performed. The deterioration amount used for the deterioration determination is, for example, the current full charge capacity by integrating charge / discharge currents. This is obtained by subtracting this from the full charge capacity when new. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the deterioration amount is calculated with high accuracy using the relationship between the open-circuit voltage integrated value after the end of charging described with reference to FIG. 5 and the deterioration amount. Hereinafter, the deterioration diagnosis performed using the relationship between the open-circuit voltage integrated value after the end of charging and the deterioration amount is referred to as a fine deterioration diagnosis.

  A fine degradation diagnosis method when there is an unconnected battery row 111 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the operation management apparatus 200 of the present embodiment in which the number of loads 11 is 2 and the number of battery arrays 111 is 3 for simplicity. In the operation management apparatus 200 of the present embodiment, the processing in the management control unit 250 is different from the management control unit 150 of the first embodiment.

  In the example shown in FIG. 11, the load 11-1 is the first operation mode, the load 11-2 is the second operation mode, and the battery array 111-1 is operated in the UPS operation and connected to the load 11-1. The battery row 111-3 is operated in PSOC operation and connected to the load 11-2. The battery array 111-2 is not connected to any load 11. Further, it is assumed that the COD has not reached 100% since the battery row 111-2 has been operated in the PSOC so far.

  The operation management method of the present embodiment will be described using the flowchart shown in FIG. The process shown in FIG. 12 is performed for each battery row 111, and may be performed at the end of the process for each battery row 111 shown in FIG. 7 (immediately before step S31), for example. In the flowchart shown in FIG. 12, first, in step S61, it is determined whether or not the battery row 111 is an unconnected battery row. If the battery row 111 is not an unconnected battery row, the process is terminated without performing processing (proceeds to step S31). . If it is determined that the battery is not connected, the process proceeds to step S62. In the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 11, it is determined that the battery row 111-2 is an unconnected battery row during the processing of the battery row 111-2, and the process proceeds to step S62.

  In step S62, it is determined whether or not a switching target is set. The switching target is not set when the initialization in step S2 and the fine deterioration diagnosis of one battery row 111 are completed. Here, since the switching target is not set, the process proceeds to step S63.

  In step S63, it is determined whether there is a battery row 111 for which deterioration diagnosis is not performed. It is assumed that each battery row 111 stores the information when the fine deterioration diagnosis is performed. This diagnostic information may be changed to undiagnosed after a predetermined time, for example. As a result, when there is a battery row 111 for which a predetermined time has elapsed since the fine degradation diagnosis was last performed, the fine degradation diagnosis is performed again on the battery row 111. Here, it is assumed that all the battery rows 111 have not been diagnosed. When it is determined in step S63 that there is an undiagnosed battery row 111, the process proceeds to step S64. On the other hand, when it is determined that there is no undiagnosed battery row 111, the process ends (proceeds to step S31).

  In step S64, the unconnected battery row 111 is set as a switching target. In the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 11, the battery row 111-2 is set as a switching target. In the next step S65, the battery array 111 to be diagnosed is selected. It is preferable to preferentially select a UPS-operated battery line 111 that is currently charged as the battery line 111 to be diagnosed. When the UPS-operated battery array 111 is a diagnosis target, the deterioration diagnosis process can be started immediately after the charging power source 20 and the load 11 are disconnected. When the battery row 111 to be diagnosed is selected, the current power supply type of the selected battery row 111 is set as the target type. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 11, the battery row 111-1 is selected as the battery row 111 to be diagnosed, and UPS operation is set as the target type.

  In the next step S66, operation of charging or discharging is selected so that the battery array 111 to be switched can be applied to the target type. The operation of the charging or discharging selected here is processed so that the battery array 111 to be switched is charged or discharged in the control of the charging unit 141 and the charging / discharging unit 142 in step S11. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 11, since the target type is UPS operation, charging operation is selected and the process ends (proceeds to step S31). Then, the battery row 111-2 to be switched is charged by the processes of steps S11 and S12.

  In the process of the next period (process for every fixed period shown in FIG. 6), it progresses to step S67 by determination of step S62, and it is determined whether the unconnected battery row | line | column 111 corresponds to switching object by step S67. If it is determined that it matches the switching target, it is determined in step S68 whether the target type condition has been achieved. That is, when the target type is UPS operation, it is determined that the target type condition is achieved when the COD of the battery array 111 to be switched exceeds the first threshold value. When the target type is PSOC operation, it is determined that the target type condition is achieved when the COD of the battery array 111 to be switched is equal to or lower than the first threshold value and higher than the second threshold value. In the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 11, it is determined that the target type condition has been achieved when the COD of the battery array 111-2 to be switched exceeds the first threshold value.

  If it is determined in step S68 that the target type condition has been achieved, the process proceeds to step S69. If it is determined that the target type condition has not been achieved, the process ends (proceeds to step S31). In step S69, the operation of the battery array 111 to be switched and the diagnosis target is switched (the power supply type selected in step S20 is changed). That is, the operation of the battery array 111 to be switched is switched to the same operation (target type) as the battery array 111 to be diagnosed, and the battery array 111 to be diagnosed is switched to an unconnected operation. In the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 11, the battery row 111-2 is switched to UPS operation, and the battery row 111-1 is switched to an unconnected state. When the process of step S69 ends, the process ends (proceeds to step S31).

  In the cycle after the battery array 111 to be diagnosed is switched to the unconnected state, the process proceeds from step S61 to step S62 and step S67. In step S67, since the unconnected battery row 111 has been switched to the diagnosis target battery row 111, it is determined that the battery row 111 is not a switching target, and the process proceeds to step S70. In step S70, it is determined whether or not the unconnected battery array 111 matches the diagnosis target. When it is determined that the unconnected battery string 111 matches the diagnosis target, the process proceeds to step S71. (Proceed to S31). In the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 11, the process proceeds to step S <b> 71 when the battery array 111-1 to be diagnosed.

  In step S71, it is determined whether the open-circuit voltage integrated value has been acquired, that is, whether the process of calculating the open-circuit voltage integrated value used for the fine degradation diagnosis from the measured value of the open-circuit voltage for a predetermined period is completed. The process for calculating the open-circuit voltage integrated value is started from the time when the battery array 111 to be diagnosed is switched to the unconnected state in step S69 and the switching is executed in the processes in steps S11 and S12. If it is determined in step S71 that the open-circuit voltage integrated value has been acquired, the process proceeds to step S72. On the other hand, if it is determined that it has not been acquired (the process of calculating the open-circuit voltage integrated value has not been completed), the processing is performed. End (proceed to step S31).

  In step S72, as the fine deterioration diagnosis process, the deterioration amount is obtained from the open-circuit voltage integrated value by using the relationship between the voltage integrated value and the deterioration amount created in advance. In addition, the current full charge capacity, COD, and the like are calculated using this. This makes it possible to reset the COA and COD, which are updated by integrating the charge / discharge current, to a more accurate value.

  When the process of step S72 is completed, the process proceeds to step S73, and information indicating that the fine deterioration diagnosis has been performed on the battery array 111 to be diagnosed is stored as information. In the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 11, information that the fine deterioration diagnosis has been performed is stored for the battery array 111-1. In the next step S74, the switching target is not set. Thereby, in the next period, the process after step S63 is started again.

  In the configuration example shown in FIG. 11, in step S61 of the next cycle, it is determined that the battery row 111-1 has been subjected to the fine deterioration diagnosis and is an unconnected battery row. In step S63, it is determined that there are undiagnosed battery rows (battery rows 111-2 and 111-3), and in step S64, the battery row 111-1 is set as a switching target. Further, in step S65, the battery row 111-2 or the battery row 111-3 is selected as a diagnosis target. Below, the case where the battery row | line | column 111-3 of PSOC operation | movement is selected as a diagnostic object is demonstrated. In step S65, PSOC operation is set as the target type. In step S66, the discharge operation is selected.

  In step S67 after the next cycle, it is determined to be a switching target when the battery row 111-1, and the process proceeds to step S68. If it is determined in step S68 that the COD of the battery array 111-1 that is the condition of the target type (PSOC operation) is equal to or lower than the first threshold value and higher than the second threshold value, the process proceeds to step S69, and the switching target The battery row 111-1 is switched to PSOC operation, and the battery row 111-3 to be diagnosed is switched to unconnected. In subsequent step S67, it is determined that the unconnected battery row 111-3 is not the switching target, and the process proceeds to step S70. Through the processing after step S70, the fine deterioration diagnosis of the battery array 111-3 is performed.

  According to the present embodiment, when there is an unconnected battery row 111, the fine deterioration diagnosis of the battery row 111 is performed as described above. In the present embodiment, in addition to the UPS operation and PSOC operation of the battery array 111, it is possible to perform fine deterioration diagnosis in parallel. Further, by fully charging the battery array 111 subject to deterioration diagnosis, the effect of restoring the deterioration can be obtained, and COD and COA calculated from the integrated current values can be reset to 100% and 0%, respectively. It becomes possible.

  In addition, the description in this Embodiment shows an example of the operation management method and operation management apparatus of the storage battery which concern on this invention, and is not limited to this. The detailed configuration and detailed operation of the storage battery operation management method and operation management apparatus in the present embodiment can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Load group 11-1-m Load 20 Charging power supply 100, 200 Storage battery management system 110 Assembly battery 111-1-n Battery row | line 112 Storage battery 120 State detection part 121-1-n Measuring device 130 Changeover switch part 131-1 n charging switch 132-1 to n charging / discharging switch 141 charging unit 142-1 to m charging / discharging unit 150, 250 management control unit

Claims (6)

One or more storage batteries are connected in series to a load group consisting of a load operated in the first operation mode that only receives power and a load operated in the second operation mode that receives and generates power. An operation management method for a storage battery that performs power supply and power reception using an assembled battery in which two or more battery rows are arranged in parallel,
Input a state quantity including at least the charge amount of each of the battery rows,
A battery string of a first power supply type that operates in a fully charged state in which the charge amount is higher than a first threshold value, and a partial charge state in which the charge amount is equal to or lower than the first threshold value and higher than a second threshold value. A battery row of the second power supply type operated in step 1 is selected from the assembled battery,
Supplying a charging current to the battery array of the first power supply type,
Furthermore, connecting the load of the first operation mode and the battery row of the first power supply type, and connecting the load of the second operation mode and the battery row of the second power supply type. A storage battery operation management method that is characterized. 2. The operation management method for a storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery train operated for a predetermined period or more in the second power supply type is operated by switching to the first power supply type. The operation of the storage battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when two or more battery arrays are connected to one load, the battery arrays having substantially the same charge amount are selected and connected. Management method. When there is an unconnected battery row that is not connected to any of the loads, either one of the battery row of the first power supply type or the battery row of the second power supply type is selected and connected 4. The deterioration diagnosis is performed by switching the connection destination of the previous load to the unconnected battery row, and disconnecting the selected battery row. 5. Storage battery operation management method. In the deterioration diagnosis, a relationship between a voltage integrated value obtained by integrating open-circuit voltages in a predetermined period after charging and a deterioration amount is created in advance as reference data, and the opening after charging of the selected battery array is completed. The storage battery operation management method according to claim 4, wherein the integrated voltage value is calculated from a measured value of an end voltage, and the deterioration amount is calculated from the calculated integrated voltage value and the reference data. One or more storage batteries are connected in series to a load group consisting of a load operated in the first operation mode that only receives power and a load operated in the second operation mode that receives and generates power. An operation management device for a storage battery that includes an assembled battery in which two or more battery rows are arranged in parallel to supply and receive power,
A charge switch provided in each of the battery rows to turn on / off a charge current;
Charging / discharging which turns on / off the electric current supplied to the load of the said 1st operation form and the load of the said 2nd operation form, and the charging current from the load of the said 2nd operation form provided in each of the said battery row | line | column A switch,
A charging unit that controls the charging switch to turn on / off the charging current received from a predetermined power source;
A charge / discharge unit that is provided in each of the load of the first operation mode and the load of the second operation mode, and controls the charge / discharge switch to open and close the connection with each of the battery rows;
A state detector for detecting a state quantity including at least a charge amount of each of the battery rows;
The state amount of each of the battery trains is input from the state detection unit, and the battery row of the first power supply type that operates in a fully charged state in which the charge amount is higher than a first threshold value and the charge amount is the A battery row of a second power supply type that is operated in a partially charged state that is equal to or lower than the first threshold value and higher than the second threshold value is selected from the assembled battery, and the battery row of the first power supply type is selected. The charging unit is controlled to supply the charging current, and further, the load of the first operation mode and the battery array of the first power supply type are connected, and the load of the second operation mode is An operation management apparatus for a storage battery, comprising: a management control unit that controls the charge / discharge unit so as to connect a battery array of a second power supply type.

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