JP2013234942A - Impact testing machine and impact test method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an impact testing machine capable of loading equipment with impact of a desired level.SOLUTION: An impact testing machine includes: a plate-shaped member (1) on which a test specimen (3) is placed; a support member (2) for holding the plate-shaped member on the ground or an installation surface; a protection member (4) which is stuck on the plate-shaped member in order to prevent, in applying impact of a weight to the plate-shaped member, the plate-shaped member from being broken by the impact; an acceleration detector (6) installed on the plate-shaped member for detecting acceleration generated due to the impact applied by the weight; and a data totaling unit (7) for collecting results of the detection by the acceleration detector. The plate-shaped member is constituted by a laminated plate (1) in which, in order to execute an impact test with the test specimen loaded with desired level impact, design parameters of a lamination structure thereof are adjusted so as to have a resonance frequency and damping in accordance with characteristics of a prescribed impact response spectrum.

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact tester and an impact test method used for evaluating the impact resistance environment of equipment mounted on, for example, a rocket or an artificial satellite.

  In a conventional impact tester, a specimen is installed on a block, and a pendulum-shaped hammer is collided with a plate attached to the block to evaluate the impact resistance environment (for example, see Patent Document 1). . In addition, there is an impact tester that applies an impact by dropping a weight instead of a hammer (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

JP-A-10-170390 (paragraph 0013, FIG. 1)

Impact test handbook (12th to 12th lines on page 13, Fig. 4.1-4)

However, the prior art has the following problems.
The impact applied to the equipment mounted on the satellite is the impact that occurs when the satellite and rocket are separated or when the solar cell paddle or antenna is held and released. To be loaded.

  In a conventional impact-type impact testing machine, a hammer or weight collides with a plate or block on which equipment is mounted to generate an impact, but the attenuation of the plate or block is small. For this reason, in order to generate a desired shock level in the low frequency band, an overload occurs at the resonance frequency of the plate or block. On the other hand, in order to generate a desired shock level near the resonance frequency, vibration is required. There was a case of underload in a sparse band. For this reason, it has been a problem to be able to adjust the level and frequency characteristics of the shock to be generated.

  In addition, the conventional impact testing machine using pyrotechnics can create an environment close to the impact applied to the equipment mounted on the satellite. However, pyrotechnics are expensive and cannot be reused, resulting in high test costs. For this reason, reduction of the test cost has been an issue.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to obtain an impact tester and an impact test method capable of applying a desired impact level to an apparatus.

  The impact testing machine according to the present invention includes a plate-like member on which a specimen to be impacted is placed, a support member that holds the plate-like member on the ground or an installation surface, and a weight with respect to the plate-like member. When applying an impact, the plate-like member is prevented from being destroyed by the impact, and the protective member is attached to the plate-like member, and is provided on the plate-like member, resulting from the impact applied by the weight. The impact tester includes an acceleration detector for detecting the acceleration generated by the motor and a data totaling unit for collecting the detection results of the acceleration detector, and the plate-like member has a desired impact level on the specimen. In order to carry out a loaded impact test, it is composed of a laminated plate in which the design parameters of the laminated structure are adjusted so as to have a resonance frequency and attenuation suitable for the characteristics of the specified impact response spectrum.

  Further, the impact test method according to the present invention provides a plate-like member on which a specimen to be subjected to an impact test is placed, a support member that holds the plate-like member on the ground or an installation surface, and the plate-like member. When applying an impact by a weight, a protective member attached to the plate-like member to prevent the plate-like member from being destroyed by the impact, and provided on the plate-like member, the impact applied by the weight An impact test method using an impact tester comprising an acceleration detector for detecting an acceleration generated due to an acceleration detector and a data aggregating unit for collecting detection results by the acceleration detector. In order to carry out an impact test in which an impact level is applied to a specimen, a laminate plate in which the design parameters of the laminate structure are adjusted so as to have a resonance frequency and attenuation suitable for the characteristics of a specified impact response spectrum is used.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to load a device with a desired impact level by using a laminated plate whose resonance frequency and attenuation are adjusted so that an impact test suitable for the characteristics of a specified impact response spectrum can be performed. An impact tester and impact test method can be obtained.

It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st impact tester by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd impact tester by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 3rd impact tester by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the regular impact response spectrum by Embodiment 1 of this invention. 1 is a block diagram of a data collection / calculation / recording apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of the expansion-contraction deformation vibration mode of the laminated board by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 4th impact test machine by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the sandwich panel which has a core layer by Embodiment 1 of this invention, a face sheet, and an adhesive layer. It is the figure which showed the test result of the impact tester using the laminated sheet by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed the test result of the impact tester using the metal plate instead of the laminated sheet by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed the test result of the impact tester at the time of using a metal plate instead of the laminated sheet by Embodiment 1 of this invention, and not adjusting the resonance frequency. It is sectional drawing which shows the impact testing machine by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st impact tester by Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is an example of the test result of the impact tester using the weight fall height adjustment mechanism by Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd impact tester by Embodiment 3 of this invention.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first impact tester according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The first impact testing machine in the first embodiment includes a laminated plate 1, a support member 2, a specimen 3, a protection member 4, a weight 5, an acceleration detector 6, and a data collection / calculation / recording device 7. It is configured.

  The laminated plate 1 which is a plate-like member is held on the ground or the installation surface by the support member 2. On the laminated plate 1, a specimen 3 and a protective member 4 for preventing the laminated plate 1 from being destroyed by impact are placed.

  In the impact tester according to the first embodiment, impact force is generated by causing the weight 5 to collide with the protective member 4, and as a result, a desired impact specification can be applied to the specimen 3.

  An acceleration detector 6 is placed on the laminated plate 1. Similar to the specimen 3 and the protection member 4, the acceleration detector 6 can be placed on the laminated plate 1 so as to be freely positioned. Further, the data collection / calculation / recording device 7 is connected to the acceleration detector 6 and can collect and record the detection result by the acceleration detector 6.

  Here, the support member 2 is not limited to the plate shape as shown in FIG. 1, but may be a column shape or a simple support shape. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a second impact tester according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The basic configuration is the same as that in FIG. 1, but FIG. 2 shows an example in which the support member 2 has a column shape. The contact between the laminated plate 1 and the support member 2 may be partial.

  The laminated plate 1 has a plurality of screw holes so that the specimen 3 and the protection member 4 can be placed freely. The specimen 3 and the protection member 4 are fixed to the laminated plate 1 by bolt fastening. In addition, the fixing method of the specimen 3 and the protection member 4 is not limited to screwing, but may be other holding mechanisms such as adhesion by an adhesive or a clamp mechanism.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a third impact tester according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The basic configuration is the same as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration in which a weight 5 is suspended from a rigid wall to form a pendulum structure and an impact is applied in the in-plane direction of the laminated plate 1. ing. Instead of the weight 5, a hammer may be used as a collision body.

  Here, the impact specification is generally defined by a shock response spectrum (hereinafter referred to as “SRS”). FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a specified impact response spectrum according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the data collection / calculation / recording apparatus 7 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the data collection / calculation / recording apparatus 7 according to the first embodiment includes a test condition input unit 71, a test result search unit 72, a test data collection unit 73, a data calculation unit 74, and a data recording unit 75. The display unit 76 and the output unit 77 are provided.

  By having such a configuration, the data collection / calculation / recording device 7 can collect the data detected by the acceleration detector 6 by the test data collection unit 73 and record the data in the data recording unit 75.

  Furthermore, the data collection / calculation / recording device 7 can perform arithmetic processing such as four arithmetic operations, calculus operation, frequency analysis, and SRS analysis by the data operation unit 74 based on the recorded time history data.

  The acceleration detector 6 is a measuring device for detecting vibration, but may be a measuring device for detecting the displacement and speed of vibration. In that case, when converting to SRS of acceleration, the data calculation unit 74 in the data collection / calculation / recording apparatus 7 needs to perform differentiation processing.

  The test conditions such as the mass of the weight 5, the drop height, and the material, the mounting position of the specimen 3, the protective member 4 and the acceleration detector 6, the material and spring constant of the protective member 4, and the desired impact specifications are as follows: The data can be input to the data collection / calculation / recording device 7 via the test condition input unit 71 such as a keyboard. Furthermore, the data input by the test condition input unit 71 is stored in the data recording unit 75 together with the time history data and the calculation processing result, so that a database can be constructed.

  It is also possible to search the stored database, and the test result search unit 72 stores similar cases corresponding to the various conditions of the new test input via the test condition input unit 71 in the data recording unit 75 in the past. It can be extracted from the recorded data. As a result, the data collection / calculation / recording apparatus 7 shown in FIG. 5 can not only collect and record test results but also can efficiently determine test conditions during a new test.

  Further, the data collection / calculation / recording device 7 can be browsed by appropriately displaying information via the display unit 76. Furthermore, the data collection / calculation / recording device 7 can output various data to an external device by including the output unit 77.

  In the conventional impact test using pyrotechnics, it was necessary to procure pyrotechnics according to the number of tests. On the other hand, since each component of the impact tester according to the first embodiment can be used repeatedly, it is possible to reduce test materials and test costs.

  By determining the resonance frequency f of the laminated plate 1 so as to have a vibration mode that stretches and deforms in the rectangular long side direction of the laminated plate 1 in the vicinity of the prescribed SRS break point frequency as illustrated in FIG. Thus, it is possible to match the breakpoint frequencies, increase the SRS amplitude in the low frequency band, and prevent the SRS amplitude increase in the high frequency band.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the stretching deformation vibration mode of the laminate 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The design parameters of the resonance frequency f of the laminated plate 1 are an elastic coefficient E, mass density ρ, Poisson's ratio ν, plate thickness t, long side length a, short side length b, and the like.

  Due to the damping effect produced by the laminated structure, the laminated plate 1 is more attenuated than the metal plate, and the slope of the SRS low frequency band becomes gentle. In order to increase the SRS amplitude in the low frequency band, the mass density ρ of the laminated plate 1 should be lowered. The attenuation is adjusted by changing the thickness of the material constituting the laminated plate 1 and changing the adhesive of the adhesive layer.

  Furthermore, the amount of attenuation can be adjusted by adding a viscoelastic material such as rubber or a constraining type damping material 8. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth impact tester according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which has a configuration in which a damping material 8 is attached to the laminated plate 1. The affixing position of the damping material 8 may be the entire surface of the laminated plate 1 or only a part thereof. In addition, when the damping material 8 is added, a metal plate may be used in place of the laminated plate 1, and what is composed of the metal plate and the damping material 8 can be regarded as the laminated plate 1.

  As the structure of the laminated plate 1, a sandwich panel may be adopted. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a sandwich panel having a core layer, a face sheet, and an adhesive layer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As an example, as shown in FIG. 8, a core layer 9 made of a honeycomb core or a foam core, a face sheet 10 sandwiching the core layer 9, and an adhesive layer 11 for bonding the core layer 9 and the face sheet 10 are configured. The sandwich panel 12 to be used can be employed. The sandwich panel can have a characteristic that the mass density ρ can be sufficiently lower than that of the metal plate and the attenuation can be increased.

  Next, test results using the impact tester in the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a test result of an impact tester using the laminated plate 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a test result of an impact tester using a metal plate instead of the laminated plate 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a test result of an impact tester when a metal plate is used instead of the laminated plate 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and the resonance frequency is not adjusted.

  The impact test results shown in FIG. 9 are close to the characteristics of the prescribed SRS level, and a value that does not fall below the allowable lower limit of the SRS level (does not cause an underload) is obtained. And a characteristic in which the slope of the SRS low frequency band is gentle is obtained. Thus, by adjusting the resonance frequency f and attenuation by changing the shape, mass density, plate thickness, adhesive material of the adhesive layer, etc., as the design parameters of the laminate structure of the laminate 1, It can be seen that the desired impact level can be applied.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the specimen and the protection member are placed on the laminated plate, and the impact test using the weight is applied to the protection member to perform the impact test of the specimen. ing. At that time, by changing design parameters such as the laminated structure, mass density, plate thickness, adhesive material of the adhesive layer of the laminated plate, and adjusting the resonance frequency f and attenuation of the laminated plate, a desired impact level is obtained. It is possible to obtain an impact tester capable of realizing the above test.

  That is, for the problem that it is difficult to adjust the level and frequency characteristics of the generated shock, by using a laminated plate with adjusted resonance frequency and attenuation, it is possible to prevent an underload and to achieve a desired shock level. Can be loaded.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an impact tester according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The impact tester in the second embodiment further includes a weight collision guide 13 as compared with the configuration of FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.

  According to this configuration, the collision position of the weight 5 with respect to the laminated plate 1 can be adjusted to a desired position by restricting the path until the weight 5 collides with the protection member 4. Thereby, the collision position of the weight 5 is stabilized, and the reproducibility of the SRS applied to the specimen 3 can be improved in a plurality of tests.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, by providing a structure that stabilizes the collision position of the weight, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the reproducibility of the SRS applied to the specimen is improved. Impact tester can be obtained.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a first impact tester according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The impact tester in the third embodiment further includes a weight drop height adjusting mechanism 14 as compared with the configuration of FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.

According to this configuration, when the weight 5 is freely dropped, the collision energy of the weight 5 can be quantitatively changed by changing the falling height of the weight 5 from h ₁ to h ₂ . FIG. 14 is an example of a test result of an impact tester using the weight drop height adjusting mechanism 14 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14, by using the weight drop height adjustment mechanism 14, it is possible to change the size of the SRS applied to the specimen 3 at a desired ratio.

  FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a second impact tester according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 15 illustrates a case where the weight drop height adjusting mechanism 14 includes a pump 15, a suction port 16, a motor 17, a chain 18, a sprocket 19, an arm 20, and a frame 21.

  A sprocket 19 is attached to the frame 21 fixed to the ground, and a chain 18 is stretched on the sprocket 19. An arm 20 to which the suction port 16 is attached is connected to the chain 18.

  In such a configuration, the height of the suction port 16 can be freely controlled by rotating the sprocket 19 by the motor 17. The suction port 16 is connected to the pump 15 and can suck the weight 5. The suction port 16 is brought into close contact with the weight 5 and sucked by the pump 15 so that the weight 5 can be held. By releasing the suction, the weight 5 can be freely dropped.

  As described above, according to the third embodiment, by providing a structure for changing the falling height of the weight to a desired height, in addition to the effect of the first embodiment, the impact test for the desired collision energy. Can be carried out with good reproducibility.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laminated board, 2 Support member, 3 Specimen, 4 Protection member, 5 Weight, 6 Accelerometer, 7 Data collection, calculation, and recording device (data totaling part), 8 Attenuating material, 9 Core layer, 10 Face sheet 11 Adhesive layer, 12 Sandwich panel, 13 Weight collision guide, 14 Weight drop height adjustment mechanism, 15 Pump, 16 Suction port, 17 Motor, 18 Chain, 19 Sprocket, 20 Arm, 21 Frame, 71 Test condition input section, 72 Test result search unit, 73 Test data collection unit, 74 data calculation unit, 75 data recording unit, 76 display unit, 77 output unit.

Claims (4)

A plate-like member on which a specimen to be impacted is placed;
A support member for holding the plate-like member on the ground or the installation surface;
A protective member affixed to the plate member in order to prevent the plate member from being destroyed by the impact when applying an impact by a weight to the plate member;
An acceleration detector provided on the plate-like member for detecting an acceleration caused by the impact applied by the weight;
An impact tester comprising: a data tabulation unit for collecting detection results by the acceleration detector;
In order to perform an impact test in which the desired impact level is loaded on the specimen, the plate-like member is adjusted in design parameters of the laminated structure so as to have a resonance frequency and attenuation suitable for the characteristics of a specified impact response spectrum. An impact tester characterized by comprising laminated plates. The impact tester according to claim 1,
An impact testing machine further comprising: a weight collision guide provided so that an impact by the weight can be applied to a desired position of the laminated plate via the protective member. The impact tester according to claim 1,
An impact tester further comprising: a weight drop height adjustment mechanism provided so that an impact by the weight can be applied from a desired height to the laminated plate via the protective member. A plate-like member on which a specimen to be impacted is placed;
A support member for holding the plate-like member on the ground or the installation surface;
A protective member affixed to the plate member in order to prevent the plate member from being destroyed by the impact when applying an impact by a weight to the plate member;
An acceleration detector provided on the plate-like member for detecting an acceleration caused by the impact applied by the weight;
An impact test method using an impact tester equipped with a data totaling unit for collecting detection results by the acceleration detector,
In order to perform an impact test in which a desired impact level is applied to the specimen as the plate member, the design parameters of the laminated structure are adjusted so as to have a resonance frequency and attenuation suitable for the characteristics of the specified impact response spectrum. An impact test method characterized by using a laminated board.

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