JP2013233028A - Voltage equalization apparatus - Google Patents

Voltage equalization apparatus Download PDF

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JP2013233028A
JP2013233028A JP2012103197A JP2012103197A JP2013233028A JP 2013233028 A JP2013233028 A JP 2013233028A JP 2012103197 A JP2012103197 A JP 2012103197A JP 2012103197 A JP2012103197 A JP 2012103197A JP 2013233028 A JP2013233028 A JP 2013233028A
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voltage
battery
coil
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cell
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Shinji Hirose
慎司 広瀬
Mamoru Kuraishi
守 倉石
Masaaki Suzuki
正彰 鈴木
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Toyota Industries Corp
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Toyota Industries Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a voltage equalization apparatus capable of executing cell balancing and charging of an accessory battery while suppressing enlargement of a circuit scale.SOLUTION: A voltage equalization apparatus 1 includes: coils Lc1-Lc4, a coil Lm, a transformer T comprised of a coil La, switches SWc1-SWc4, a switch SWm, a switch SWa, and a controller 6. The controller 6, in executing cell balancing, always turns on the switches SWc1-SWc4, turns on and off the switch SWm, always turns off the switch SWa and, in charging an accessory battery 3, always turns off the switches SWc1-SWc4, turns on and off the switch SWm, and always turns on SWa.

Description

本発明は、直列に接続される複数の電池セルの電圧を均等化する電圧均等化装置に係わる。   The present invention relates to a voltage equalizing apparatus that equalizes voltages of a plurality of battery cells connected in series.

複数の充電可能な電池セルを直列に接続して高電圧のバッテリを実現する技術が実用化されてきている。この種のバッテリは、近年では、例えば、エンジンとモータを併用するハイブリッド車や電気自動車への実装において注目されている。   A technique for realizing a high voltage battery by connecting a plurality of rechargeable battery cells in series has been put into practical use. In recent years, this type of battery has attracted attention, for example, in mounting on a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle using both an engine and a motor.

ところが、多数の電池セルを直列に接続した状態で充電を行うと、各電池セルの出力電圧（または、電池セルの残容量）が不均一になることがある。また、上述の電池が電気自動車等に搭載される場合には、モータ駆動時の放電と回生時の充電が繰り返されるので、この充放電の繰り返しによっても電池セルの電圧が不均一になることがある。そして、電池セルの電圧の不均一は、一部の電池セルの劣化を促進させるおそれがあり、また、電池全体として効率の低下を引き起こすことがある。なお、電池セルの電圧の不均一は、各電池セルの製造ばらつきや、経年劣化等により生じ得る。このため、従来より、複数の電池セルの電圧を均等化する電圧均等化装置が提案または実用化されている。   However, when charging is performed in a state where a large number of battery cells are connected in series, the output voltage of each battery cell (or the remaining capacity of the battery cell) may become uneven. In addition, when the above-described battery is mounted on an electric vehicle or the like, since the discharge at the time of driving the motor and the charge at the time of regeneration are repeated, the voltage of the battery cell may become non-uniform even by repeating this charge / discharge. is there. And the nonuniformity of the voltage of a battery cell may accelerate | stimulate deterioration of some battery cells, and may cause the fall of efficiency as the whole battery. In addition, the nonuniformity of the voltage of a battery cell may arise by the manufacture dispersion | variation of each battery cell, aged deterioration, etc. For this reason, conventionally, a voltage equalizing apparatus for equalizing the voltages of a plurality of battery cells has been proposed or put into practical use.

また、複数の電池セルからなるメインバッテリの電力を、電子機器などが接続される補機バッテリに供給して、その補機バッテリを充電することが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）。   In addition, it has been proposed to charge the auxiliary battery by supplying the power of the main battery including a plurality of battery cells to an auxiliary battery to which an electronic device or the like is connected (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2) reference).

図４は、既存の電圧均等化装置を示す図である。
図４に示す電圧均等化装置４０は、電圧均等化回路４１やＤＣＤＣコンバータ４２を備える。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an existing voltage equalizing apparatus.
A voltage equalizing apparatus 40 shown in FIG. 4 includes a voltage equalizing circuit 41 and a DCDC converter 42.

電圧均等化回路４１は、メインバッテリ４３の各電池セルの電圧のモニタの結果、各電池セルの電圧が不均一になると、各電池セルの電圧を均等化させるためのセルバランスが行う。このセルバランスは、例えば、電池セル間に設けられるインダクタ、及び各電池セルの電圧に応じてインダクタを流れる電流を制御するスイッチにより実現される。   When the voltage of each battery cell becomes non-uniform as a result of monitoring the voltage of each battery cell of the main battery 43, the voltage equalization circuit 41 performs cell balance for equalizing the voltage of each battery cell. This cell balance is realized by, for example, an inductor provided between battery cells and a switch that controls a current flowing through the inductor in accordance with the voltage of each battery cell.

ＤＣＤＣコンバータ４２は、補機バッテリ４４の電圧（または、補機バッテリ４４の残容量）が低下すると、メインバッテリ４３の電圧を降圧して補機バッテリ４４を充電する。   When the voltage of auxiliary battery 44 (or the remaining capacity of auxiliary battery 44) decreases, DCDC converter 42 steps down the voltage of main battery 43 and charges auxiliary battery 44.

しかしながら、電圧均等化回路４１は、各電池セルに対してセルバランスのための部品が必要であり、メインバッテリ４３の高電圧化による電池セルの増加に伴って回路規模が増大する。また、ＤＣＤＣコンバータ４２も、メインバッテリ４３の高電圧化に伴って高耐圧の大きな部品が必要となり、電池セルの増加に伴って回路規模が増大する。そのため、図４に示すように、電圧均等化回路４１の他に、ＤＣＤＣコンバータ４２も備える電圧均等化装置４０では、回路規模が増大するおそれがある。   However, the voltage equalization circuit 41 requires cell balancing components for each battery cell, and the circuit scale increases as the number of battery cells increases due to the higher voltage of the main battery 43. The DCDC converter 42 also requires large components with a high breakdown voltage as the main battery 43 increases in voltage, and the circuit scale increases as the number of battery cells increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, in the voltage equalizing apparatus 40 including the DCDC converter 42 in addition to the voltage equalizing circuit 41, the circuit scale may increase.

特開平９−１９０６８号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-19068 特開２０１０−２０６９３３号公報JP 2010-206933 A

本発明は、メインバッテリの高電圧化に伴う回路規模の増大を抑えつつ、セルバランスや補機バッテリの充電を行うことが可能な電圧均等化装置を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage equalizing apparatus capable of charging a cell balance or an auxiliary battery while suppressing an increase in circuit scale associated with an increase in voltage of a main battery.

本発明の電圧均等化装置は、メインバッテリを構成する複数の電池セルの電圧の均等化、または、補機バッテリの充電を行う電圧均等化装置であって、前記複数の電池セルにそれぞれ並列接続される複数の第１コイルと、前記メインバッテリ全体に並列接続される第２コイルと、前記補機バッテリに並列接続される第３コイルからなるトランスと、前記複数の第１コイルと前記複数の電池セルのそれぞれの間に設けられる第１スイッチと、前記第２コイルと前記メインバッテリの間に設けられる第２スイッチと、前記第３コイルと前記補機バッテリの間に設けられる第３スイッチと、前記複数の電池セルの電圧の均等化を行うとき、前記各第１スイッチを常時オン、前記第２スイッチをオン、オフ、前記第３スイッチを常時オフさせることにより前記複数の第１コイルと前記第２コイルとを互いに電磁結合させ、前記補機バッテリの充電を行うとき、前記各第１スイッチを常時オフ、前記第２スイッチをオン、オフ、前記第３スイッチを常時オンさせることにより前記第２コイルと前記第３コイルとを互いに電磁結合させる制御部とを備える。   The voltage equalizing apparatus of the present invention is a voltage equalizing apparatus for equalizing voltages of a plurality of battery cells constituting a main battery or charging an auxiliary battery, and is connected in parallel to the plurality of battery cells. A plurality of first coils, a second coil connected in parallel to the entire main battery, a transformer comprising a third coil connected in parallel to the auxiliary battery, the plurality of first coils, and the plurality of coils A first switch provided between each of the battery cells; a second switch provided between the second coil and the main battery; a third switch provided between the third coil and the auxiliary battery; , When equalizing the voltages of the plurality of battery cells, the first switches are always on, the second switches are on, off, and the third switches are always off. When the auxiliary coils are charged by electromagnetically coupling the plurality of first coils and the second coil to each other, the first switches are always off, the second switches are on, off, the third And a controller that electromagnetically couples the second coil and the third coil by always turning on the switch.

上記電圧均等化装置によれば、複数の電池セルの電圧を均等化するときや補機バッテリを充電するときに、複数の第１コイルを共用することができるため、複数の電池セルの電圧を均等化するための回路と補機バッテリを充電するための回路とを別々に備える電圧均等化装置に比べて、回路規模の増大を抑えることができる。   According to the voltage equalizing apparatus, when equalizing the voltages of a plurality of battery cells or charging an auxiliary battery, the plurality of first coils can be shared, so that the voltages of the plurality of battery cells are reduced. An increase in circuit scale can be suppressed as compared with a voltage equalizing apparatus that includes a circuit for equalizing and a circuit for charging an auxiliary battery separately.

また、本発明の電圧均等化装置は、前記複数の電池セルの電圧が不均一になると、セルバランス開始信号を出力するセルバランス開始判断部と、前記補機バッテリの電圧が低下すると、充電開始信号を出力する充電開始判断部とを備え、前記制御部は、前記セルバランス開始信号が入力されると、前記複数の電池セルの電圧の均等化を行うときであると判断し、前記充電開始信号が入力されると、前記補機バッテリの充電を行うときであると判断するように構成してもよい。   The voltage equalization apparatus according to the present invention also includes a cell balance start determination unit that outputs a cell balance start signal when the voltages of the plurality of battery cells become uneven, and charging starts when the voltage of the auxiliary battery decreases. A charge start determination unit that outputs a signal, and when the cell balance start signal is input, the control unit determines that it is time to equalize the voltages of the plurality of battery cells, and starts the charge When the signal is input, it may be determined that it is time to charge the auxiliary battery.

本発明によれば、回路規模の増大を抑えつつ、セルバランスと補機バッテリの充電を行うことができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to charge a cell balance and an auxiliary battery while suppressing an increase in circuit scale.

本発明の実施形態の電圧均等化装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the voltage equalization apparatus of embodiment of this invention. 制御部の動作を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of a control part. セルバランス開始信号、充電開始信号、及び各スイッチのオン、オフの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a cell balance start signal, a charge start signal, and ON / OFF of each switch. 既存の電圧均等化装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the existing voltage equalization apparatus.

図１は、本発明の実施形態の電圧均等化装置を示す図である。
図１に示す電圧均等化装置１は、例えば、ハイブリッド車や電気自動車などの車両に搭載され、メインバッテリ２を構成する複数の電池セルＢｃ（Ｂｃ１〜Ｂｃ４）の電圧の均等化や補機バッテリ３の充電を行う。メインバッテリ２は、例えば、走行用モータを駆動するインバータなどへ電力を供給したり、そのインバータなどから回生される電力により充電される。また、補機バッテリ３は、例えば、車両に搭載されるカーナビゲーション装置などの電子機器へ電力を供給する。なお、メインバッテリ２において直列接続される複数の電池セルＢｃの数、すなわち、電圧均等化装置１により電圧均等化される電池セルＢｃの数は４つに限定されない。また、各電池セルＢｃは、さらに、直列接続される２以上の電池セルから構成されてもよい。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a voltage equalizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
A voltage equalizing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, for example, and equalizes voltages of a plurality of battery cells Bc (Bc1 to Bc4) constituting an main battery 2 or an auxiliary battery. 3 is charged. The main battery 2 is charged with, for example, power supplied to an inverter that drives a traveling motor or the like, or electric power regenerated from the inverter. Further, the auxiliary battery 3 supplies power to an electronic device such as a car navigation device mounted on the vehicle, for example. Note that the number of battery cells Bc connected in series in the main battery 2, that is, the number of battery cells Bc that are voltage-equalized by the voltage equalization apparatus 1 is not limited to four. Moreover, each battery cell Bc may be further comprised from two or more battery cells connected in series.

また、電圧均等化装置１は、トランスＴと、複数のスイッチＳＷｃ（スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４）（複数の第１スイッチ）と、スイッチＳＷｍ（第２スイッチ）と、スイッチＳＷａ（第３スイッチ）と、複数の整流用ダイオードＤｃ（Ｄｃ１〜Ｄｃ４）と、整流用ダイオードＤａと、複数の電圧センサＳｃ（Ｓｃ１〜Ｓｃ４）と、電圧センサＳａと、セルバランス開始判断部４と、充電開始判断部５と、制御部６とを備える。なお、スイッチＳＷｃ、スイッチＳＷｍ、スイッチＳＷａをそれぞれ構成する部品は、ＭＯＳＦＥＴ（Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor）、ＩＧＢＴ（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor）、またはリレーなど、特に限定されない。   The voltage equalization apparatus 1 includes a transformer T, a plurality of switches SWc (switches SWc1 to SWc4) (a plurality of first switches), a switch SWm (second switch), a switch SWa (third switch), A plurality of rectifying diodes Dc (Dc1 to Dc4), a rectifying diode Da, a plurality of voltage sensors Sc (Sc1 to Sc4), a voltage sensor Sa, a cell balance start determination unit 4, and a charge start determination unit 5; And a control unit 6. Note that the components constituting the switch SWc, the switch SWm, and the switch SWa are not particularly limited, such as a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), or a relay.

トランスＴは、複数のコイルＬｃ（Ｌｃ１〜Ｌｃ４）（複数の第１コイル）と、コイルＬｍ（第２コイル）と、コイルＬａ（第３コイル）とを有する。すなわち、トランスＴは、電池セルＢｃ１に並列接続されるコイルＬｃ１と、電池セルＢｃ２に並列接続されるコイルＬｃ２と、電池セルＢｃ３に並列接続されるコイルＬｃ３と、電池セルＢｃ４に並列接続されるコイルＬｃ４と、メインバッテリ２全体に並列接続されるコイルＬｍと、補機バッテリＢａに並列接続されるコイルＬａとを有する。   The transformer T includes a plurality of coils Lc (Lc1 to Lc4) (a plurality of first coils), a coil Lm (second coil), and a coil La (third coil). That is, the transformer T is connected in parallel to the coil Lc1 connected in parallel to the battery cell Bc1, the coil Lc2 connected in parallel to the battery cell Bc2, the coil Lc3 connected in parallel to the battery cell Bc3, and the battery cell Bc4. It has a coil Lc4, a coil Lm connected in parallel to the entire main battery 2, and a coil La connected in parallel to the auxiliary battery Ba.

また、スイッチＳＷｃ１及び整流用ダイオードＤｃ１は電池セルＢｃ１とコイルＬｃ１との間に設けられ、スイッチＳＷｃ２及び整流用ダイオードＤｃ２は電池セルＢｃ２とコイルＬｃ２との間に設けられ、スイッチＳＷｃ３及び整流用ダイオードＤｃ３は電池セルＢｃ３とコイルＬｃ３との間に設けられ、スイッチＳＷｃ４及び整流用ダイオードＤｃ４は電池セルＢｃ４とコイルＬｃ４との間に設けられる。また、スイッチＳＷａ及び整流用ダイオードＤａはコイルＬａと補機バッテリ３との間に設けられる。   The switch SWc1 and the rectifying diode Dc1 are provided between the battery cell Bc1 and the coil Lc1, and the switch SWc2 and the rectifying diode Dc2 are provided between the battery cell Bc2 and the coil Lc2, and the switch SWc3 and the rectifying diode are provided. Dc3 is provided between the battery cell Bc3 and the coil Lc3, and the switch SWc4 and the rectifying diode Dc4 are provided between the battery cell Bc4 and the coil Lc4. Further, the switch SWa and the rectifying diode Da are provided between the coil La and the auxiliary battery 3.

また、電圧センサＳｃ１は電池セルＢｃ１の電圧を電圧Ｖｃ１として検出し、電圧センサＳｃ２は電池セルＢｃ２の電圧を電圧Ｖｃ２として検出し、電圧センサＳｃ３は電池セルＢｃ３の電圧を電圧Ｖｃ３として検出し、電圧センサＳｃ４は電池セルＢｃ４の電圧を電圧Ｖｃ４として検出する。また、電圧センサＳａは補機バッテリ３の電圧を電圧Ｖａとして検出する。   The voltage sensor Sc1 detects the voltage of the battery cell Bc1 as the voltage Vc1, the voltage sensor Sc2 detects the voltage of the battery cell Bc2 as the voltage Vc2, the voltage sensor Sc3 detects the voltage of the battery cell Bc3 as the voltage Vc3, The voltage sensor Sc4 detects the voltage of the battery cell Bc4 as the voltage Vc4. The voltage sensor Sa detects the voltage of the auxiliary battery 3 as the voltage Va.

また、セルバランス開始判断部４は、電圧Ｖｃ１〜Ｖｃ４に基づいて、電池セルＢｃ１〜Ｂｃ４の各電圧が不均一であるか否かを判断し、不均一であると判断した場合、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓを出力する。例えば、セルバランス開始判断部４は、電圧Ｖｃ１〜Ｖｃ４のうちの最も高い電圧と最も低い電圧との差が閾値Ｖｔｈ１よりも大きい場合、電池セルＢｃ１〜Ｂｃ４の各電圧が不均一であると判断し、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓを出力する。   The cell balance start determination unit 4 determines whether or not the voltages of the battery cells Bc1 to Bc4 are non-uniform based on the voltages Vc1 to Vc4. The signal Sbs is output. For example, the cell balance start determination unit 4 determines that the voltages of the battery cells Bc1 to Bc4 are non-uniform when the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage among the voltages Vc1 to Vc4 is greater than the threshold value Vth1. The cell balance start signal Sbs is output.

また、充電開始判断部５は、電圧Ｖａに基づいて、補機バッテリ３の電圧が低下したか否かを判断し、低下したと判断した場合、充電開始信号Ｓｃｓを出力する。例えば、充電開始判断部５は、電圧Ｖａが閾値Ｖｔｈ２よりも小さい場合、補機バッテリ３の電圧が低下したと判断し、充電開始信号Ｓｃｓを出力する。   Charging start determination unit 5 determines whether or not the voltage of auxiliary battery 3 has decreased based on voltage Va, and outputs a charging start signal Scs when determining that the voltage has decreased. For example, when the voltage Va is smaller than the threshold value Vth2, the charging start determination unit 5 determines that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 3 has decreased, and outputs a charging start signal Scs.

また、制御部６は、セルバランス開始判断部４から出力されるセルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓや充電開始判断部５から出力される充電開始信号Ｓｃｓに基づいて、電池セルＢｃ１〜Ｂｃ４の各電圧の均等化（以下、セルバランスという）や補機バッテリ３の充電を行う。なお、制御部６は、例えば、ＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）又はプログラマブルなデバイス（ＦＰＧＡ（Field Programmable Gate Array）やＰＬＤ（Programmable Logic Device））などにより構成され、不図示の記憶部に記憶されているプログラムをＣＰＵ又はプログラマブルなデバイスが読み出して実行することにより、セルバランスや補機バッテリ３の充電を行う。   Further, the control unit 6 equalizes each voltage of the battery cells Bc1 to Bc4 based on the cell balance start signal Sbs output from the cell balance start determination unit 4 and the charge start signal Scs output from the charge start determination unit 5. (Hereinafter referred to as cell balance) and charging of the auxiliary battery 3 is performed. The control unit 6 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a programmable device (FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or PLD (Programmable Logic Device)), and is stored in a storage unit (not shown). The CPU or programmable device reads and executes the program to perform cell balance and charge the auxiliary battery 3.

図２は、制御部６の動作を示すフローチャートである。
まず、制御部６は、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓが入力されると（Ｓ２１がＹｅｓ）、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４を常時オンさせるとともに（Ｓ２２）、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせて（Ｓ２３）、セルバランスを開始する。このとき、制御部６は、スイッチＳＷａを常時オフさせている。例えば、制御部６は、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓがローレベルからハイレベルになると、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４を常時オンさせる。すると、コイルＬｃ１と電池セルＢｃ１とが電気的に接続され、コイルＬｃ２と電池セルＢｃ２とが電気的に接続され、コイルＬｃ３と電池セルＢｃ３とが電気的に接続され、コイルＬｃ４と電池セルＢｃ４とが電気的に接続される。次に、制御部６は、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせる。すると、メインバッテリ２からの電力によりコイルＬｍに交流電流が流れ、電磁誘導によりコイルＬｃ１〜Ｌｃ４にも交流電流が流れ、コイルＬｃ１〜Ｌｃ４及びコイルＬｍがそれぞれ互いに電磁結合する。このとき、ある電池セルＢｃの電圧がその電池セルＢｃに電気的に接続されるコイルＬｃにかかる電圧よりも小さいとき、コイルＬｃから電池セルＢｃへ電流が流れてその電池セルＢｃが充電する。そして、コイルＬｃ１〜Ｌｃ４にかかる各電圧が、それぞれ、電池セルＢｃ１〜Ｂｃ４の各電圧の平均値に等しくまたはほぼ等しくなる場合、セルバランスの継続により、電池セルＢｃ１〜Ｂｃ４の各電圧が均等化されていく。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control unit 6.
First, when the cell balance start signal Sbs is input (S21 is Yes), the control unit 6 always turns on the switches SWc1 to SWc4 (S22), and turns on and off the switch SWm (S23). To start. At this time, the control unit 6 always turns off the switch SWa. For example, when the cell balance start signal Sbs changes from the low level to the high level, the control unit 6 always turns on the switches SWc1 to SWc4. Then, the coil Lc1 and the battery cell Bc1 are electrically connected, the coil Lc2 and the battery cell Bc2 are electrically connected, the coil Lc3 and the battery cell Bc3 are electrically connected, and the coil Lc4 and the battery cell Bc4. Are electrically connected. Next, the control unit 6 turns on and off the switch SWm. Then, an alternating current flows through the coil Lm by the electric power from the main battery 2, an alternating current also flows through the coils Lc1 to Lc4 due to electromagnetic induction, and the coils Lc1 to Lc4 and the coil Lm are electromagnetically coupled to each other. At this time, when the voltage of a certain battery cell Bc is smaller than the voltage applied to the coil Lc electrically connected to the battery cell Bc, a current flows from the coil Lc to the battery cell Bc, and the battery cell Bc is charged. When the voltages applied to the coils Lc1 to Lc4 are equal to or substantially equal to the average values of the voltages of the battery cells Bc1 to Bc4, the voltages of the battery cells Bc1 to Bc4 are equalized by continuing the cell balance. It will be done.

その後、制御部６は、セルバランスが完了したと判断するまで（Ｓ２４がＹｅｓ）、セルバランスを継続する（Ｓ２２、Ｓ２３）。例えば、制御部６は、電圧センサＳｃ１〜Ｓｃ４により検出される電圧Ｖｃ１〜Ｖｃ４のうちの最も大きい電圧と最も小さい電圧との差が閾値Ｖｔｈ１以下になると、セルバランスが完了したと判断する。このとき、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓがハイレベルからローレベルになる。また、制御部６は、セルバランスが完了したと判断すると、少なくとも、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４をそれぞれ常時オフさせる。   Thereafter, the control unit 6 continues the cell balance (S22, S23) until it is determined that the cell balance is completed (S24 is Yes). For example, the control unit 6 determines that the cell balance is completed when the difference between the largest voltage and the smallest voltage among the voltages Vc1 to Vc4 detected by the voltage sensors Sc1 to Sc4 is equal to or less than the threshold value Vth1. At this time, the cell balance start signal Sbs changes from the high level to the low level. Further, when determining that the cell balance is completed, the control unit 6 always turns off at least the switches SWc1 to SWc4.

また、制御部６は、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓが入力されず（Ｓ２１がＮｏ）、充電開始信号Ｓｃｓが入力されると（Ｓ２５がＹｅｓ）、スイッチＳＷａを常時オンさせるとともに（Ｓ２６）、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせて（Ｓ２７）、補機バッテリ３を充電する。このとき、制御部６は、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４を常時オフさせている。例えば、制御部６は、充電開始信号Ｓｃｓがローレベルからハイレベルになると、スイッチＳＷａを常時オンさせる。すると、コイルＬａと補機バッテリ３とが電気的に接続される。次に、制御部６は、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせる。すると、メインバッテリ２からの電力によりコイルＬｍに交流電流が流れ、電磁誘導によりコイルＬａにも交流電流が流れ、コイルＬａ及びコイルＬｍがそれぞれ互いに電磁結合する。このとき、コイルＬａにかかる電圧が補機バッテリ３の電圧よりも大きいとき、コイルＬａから補機バッテリ３へ電流が流れて補機バッテリ３が充電する。   When the cell balance start signal Sbs is not input (S21 is No) and the charge start signal Scs is input (S25 is Yes), the control unit 6 always turns on the switch SWa (S26), and the switch SWm. Is turned on and off (S27), and the auxiliary battery 3 is charged. At this time, the control unit 6 always turns off the switches SWc1 to SWc4. For example, when the charging start signal Scs changes from the low level to the high level, the control unit 6 always turns on the switch SWa. Then, the coil La and the auxiliary battery 3 are electrically connected. Next, the control unit 6 turns on and off the switch SWm. Then, an alternating current flows through the coil Lm by the electric power from the main battery 2, an alternating current also flows through the coil La due to electromagnetic induction, and the coil La and the coil Lm are electromagnetically coupled to each other. At this time, when the voltage applied to the coil La is larger than the voltage of the auxiliary battery 3, a current flows from the coil La to the auxiliary battery 3 and the auxiliary battery 3 is charged.

その後、制御部６は、補機バッテリ３の充電が完了したと判断するまで（Ｓ２８がＹｅｓ）、補機バッテリ３の充電を継続する（Ｓ２６、Ｓ２７）。例えば、制御部６は、電圧センサＳａにより検出される電圧Ｖａが閾値Ｖｔｈ２以上になると、補機バッテリ３の充電が完了したと判断する。このとき、充電開始信号Ｓｃｓがハイレベルからローレベルになる。また、制御部６は、補機バッテリ３の充電が完了したと判断すると、少なくとも、スイッチＳＷａを常時オフさせる。   Thereafter, control unit 6 continues to charge auxiliary battery 3 until it is determined that charging of auxiliary battery 3 has been completed (Yes in S28) (S26, S27). For example, the control unit 6 determines that the charging of the auxiliary battery 3 is completed when the voltage Va detected by the voltage sensor Sa becomes equal to or higher than the threshold value Vth2. At this time, the charging start signal Scs changes from the high level to the low level. Further, when determining that charging of the auxiliary battery 3 is completed, the control unit 6 always turns off at least the switch SWa.

図３は、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓ、充電開始信号Ｓｃｓ、及びスイッチＳＷｃ、ＳＷｍ、ＳＷａのオン、オフの一例を示す図である。
図３に示すように、セルバランス開始信号Ｓｂｓがローレベルからハイレベルになった後（Ｔ１）、充電開始信号Ｓｃｓがローレベルからハイレベルになった場合（Ｔ２）、まず、制御部６は、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４を常時オンさせ、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせ、スイッチＳＷａを常時オフさせる。これにより、セルバランスを行うことができる。次に、制御部６は、セルバランスが完了すると（Ｔ３）、スイッチＳＷａを常時オンさせ、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせ、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４を常時オフさせる。これにより、補機バッテリ３の充電を行うことができる。そして、制御部６は、補機バッテリ３の充電が完了すると（Ｔ４）、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４、スイッチＳＷａ、及びスイッチＳＷｍを常時オフさせる。 FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of on / off of the cell balance start signal Sbs, the charge start signal Scs, and the switches SWc, SWm, and SWa.
As shown in FIG. 3, after the cell balance start signal Sbs changes from low level to high level (T1), when the charge start signal Scs changes from low level to high level (T2), first, the control unit 6 The switches SWc1 to SWc4 are always turned on, the switch SWm is turned on and off, and the switch SWa is always turned off. Thereby, cell balance can be performed. Next, when the cell balance is completed (T3), the control unit 6 always turns on the switch SWa, turns on and off the switch SWm, and always turns off the switches SWc1 to SWc4. Thereby, the auxiliary battery 3 can be charged. Then, when the charging of the auxiliary battery 3 is completed (T4), the control unit 6 always turns off the switches SWc1 to SWc4, the switch SWa, and the switch SWm.

このように、本実施形態の電圧均等化装置１では、スイッチＳＷｃ１〜ＳＷｃ４を常時オンさせるとともに、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせることにより、セルバランスを行うことができ、スイッチＳＷａを常時オンさせるとともに、スイッチＳＷｍをオン、オフさせることにより、補機バッテリ３の充電を行うことができる。   As described above, in the voltage equalizing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the switches SWc1 to SWc4 are always turned on and the switch SWm is turned on and off, so that the cell balance can be performed, and the switch SWa is always turned on. The auxiliary battery 3 can be charged by turning on and off the switch SWm.

また、本実施形態の電圧均等化装置１では、電池セルＢｃ１〜Ｂｃ４の電圧を均等化するときや補機バッテリＢａを充電するときに、コイルＬｃ１〜Ｌｃ４を共用することができるため、メインバッテリ２の高電圧化に伴い電池セルＢｃが増加しても、図４に示すように、電池セルＢｃの電圧を均等化するための電圧均等化回路４１と補機バッテリ３を充電するためのＤＣＤＣコンバータ４２とを別々に備える電圧均等化装置４０に比べて、回路規模の増大を抑えることができる。   In the voltage equalizing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the coils Lc1 to Lc4 can be shared when equalizing the voltages of the battery cells Bc1 to Bc4 or charging the auxiliary battery Ba, so that the main battery As shown in FIG. 4, even if the battery cell Bc increases as the voltage 2 increases, the voltage equalization circuit 41 for equalizing the voltage of the battery cell Bc and the DCDC for charging the auxiliary battery 3 An increase in circuit scale can be suppressed as compared with the voltage equalizing apparatus 40 that includes the converter 42 separately.

１ 電圧均等化装置
２ メインバッテリ
３ 補機バッテリ
４ セルバランス開始判断部
５ 充電開始判断部
６ 制御部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Voltage equalization apparatus 2 Main battery 3 Auxiliary battery 4 Cell balance start judgment part 5 Charge start judgment part 6 Control part

Claims (2)

メインバッテリを構成する複数の電池セルの電圧の均等化、または、補機バッテリの充電を行う電圧均等化装置において、
前記複数の電池セルにそれぞれ並列接続される複数の第１コイルと、前記メインバッテリ全体に並列接続される第２コイルと、前記補機バッテリに並列接続される第３コイルからなるトランスと、
前記複数の第１コイルと前記複数の電池セルのそれぞれの間に設けられる第１スイッチと、
前記第２コイルと前記メインバッテリの間に設けられる第２スイッチと、
前記第３コイルと前記補機バッテリの間に設けられる第３スイッチと、
前記複数の電池セルの電圧の均等化を行うとき、前記各第１スイッチを常時オン、前記第２スイッチをオン、オフ、前記第３スイッチを常時オフさせることにより前記複数の第１コイルと前記第２コイルとを互いに電磁結合させ、前記補機バッテリの充電を行うとき、前記各第１スイッチを常時オフ、前記第２スイッチをオン、オフ、前記第３スイッチを常時オンさせることにより前記第２コイルと前記第３コイルとを互いに電磁結合させる制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする電圧均等化装置。 In the voltage equalization apparatus for equalizing the voltage of a plurality of battery cells constituting the main battery or charging the auxiliary battery,
A plurality of first coils connected in parallel to the plurality of battery cells, a second coil connected in parallel to the entire main battery, and a transformer formed of a third coil connected in parallel to the auxiliary battery,
A first switch provided between each of the plurality of first coils and the plurality of battery cells;
A second switch provided between the second coil and the main battery;
A third switch provided between the third coil and the auxiliary battery;
When equalizing the voltages of the plurality of battery cells, the first switches are always turned on, the second switches are turned on and off, and the third switches are always turned off. When the auxiliary battery is charged by electromagnetically coupling the second coil to each other, the first switch is always off, the second switch is on, off, and the third switch is always on. A controller that electromagnetically couples the two coils and the third coil;
A voltage equalizing apparatus comprising: 請求項１に記載の電圧均等化装置において、
前記複数の電池セルの電圧が不均一になると、セルバランス開始信号を出力するセルバランス開始判断部と、
前記補機バッテリの電圧が低下すると、充電開始信号を出力する充電開始判断部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記セルバランス開始信号が入力されると、前記複数の電池セルの電圧の均等化を行うときであると判断し、前記充電開始信号が入力されると、前記補機バッテリの充電を行うときであると判断する
ことを特徴とする電圧均等化装置。 The voltage equalization apparatus according to claim 1,
When the voltage of the plurality of battery cells becomes non-uniform, a cell balance start determination unit that outputs a cell balance start signal;
When the voltage of the auxiliary battery decreases, a charge start determination unit that outputs a charge start signal;
With
When the cell balance start signal is input, the control unit determines that it is time to equalize the voltages of the plurality of battery cells, and when the charge start signal is input, A voltage equalizing apparatus, characterized in that it is time to charge.
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