JP6898845B2

JP6898845B2 - Power supply

Info

Publication number: JP6898845B2
Application number: JP2017254322A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 修二戸村; 成晶後藤; 直樹柳沢; 将紀石垣; 賢樹岡村; 高松　直義; 直義高松; 嘉崇新見
Original assignee: Toyota Motor Corp; Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
Current assignee: Toyota Motor Corp; Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
Priority date: 2017-12-28
Filing date: 2017-12-28
Publication date: 2021-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-28
Also published as: JP2019122106A

Description

本発明は、電源装置に関し、特に、２つの直流電源の接続状態を切り換えて用いる装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a power supply device, and more particularly to a device used by switching the connection state of two DC power supplies.

電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車等の電動車両が広く用いられている。電動車両には、駆動用モータに電力を供給するためのバッテリおよびインバータが搭載されている。バッテリから出力された電力は、インバータによって交流電力に変換された上で駆動用モータに出力される。バッテリから駆動用モータに至るまでの電力経路では電力損失が生じる。そのため駆動用モータの駆動出力（仕事率）は、通常、バッテリから出力される電力を下回り、バッテリの出力電力に対する駆動出力の割合として定義される電力効率は１００％未満となる。 Electric vehicles such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are widely used. The electric vehicle is equipped with a battery and an inverter for supplying electric power to the drive motor. The electric power output from the battery is converted into AC power by the inverter and then output to the drive motor. Power loss occurs in the power path from the battery to the drive motor. Therefore, the drive output (power) of the drive motor is usually lower than the power output from the battery, and the power efficiency defined as the ratio of the drive output to the output power of the battery is less than 100%.

電動車両における電力効率は、インバータに印加される電圧、駆動用モータが発生するトルク、駆動用モータの回転速度等の回転状況によって異なる。そこで、従来の電動車両では、バッテリからインバータに印加される電圧を調整する回路が設けられ、インバータに印加される直流電圧を調整して電力効率を向上させる制御が行われている。 The power efficiency of an electric vehicle differs depending on the rotation conditions such as the voltage applied to the inverter, the torque generated by the drive motor, and the rotation speed of the drive motor. Therefore, in the conventional electric vehicle, a circuit for adjusting the voltage applied from the battery to the inverter is provided, and the DC voltage applied to the inverter is adjusted to improve the power efficiency.

このような電圧調整回路には、リアクトルに流れる電流のスイッチングによって、リアクトルに発生する誘導起電力を調整して出力電圧を調整する電圧コンバータがある。以下の特許文献１〜３には、電圧コンバータによって車両搭載用インバータ等の負荷に印加される電圧を調整する電源装置が記載されている。これらの特許文献に記載の電源装置には、２つの直流電源と２つのリアクトルが設けられている。２つの直流電源についての複数通りの接続状態のそれぞれについて電圧コンバータが構成され、駆動用モータを含む負荷の印加電圧が調整される。 Such a voltage adjusting circuit includes a voltage converter that adjusts the output voltage by adjusting the induced electromotive force generated in the reactor by switching the current flowing through the reactor. The following Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe a power supply device that adjusts the voltage applied to a load of a vehicle-mounted inverter or the like by a voltage converter. The power supply device described in these patent documents is provided with two DC power supplies and two reactors. A voltage converter is configured for each of the plurality of connection states of the two DC power supplies, and the applied voltage of the load including the drive motor is adjusted.

特開２０１２−７０５１４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-702514 特開２０１５−１６５７５９号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-165759 特開２０１４−６４４１６号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-64416

特許文献１〜３に記載の電源装置には２つのリアクトルが設けられている。これらのリアクトルは、電源装置を構成する他の部品と比べて体積が大きいため、電源装置が占有する体積が大きくなってしまうことがある。また、リアクトルには冷却装置が設けられることが多く、リアクトルの数が多いことは、電源装置の大型化につながる。 The power supply devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are provided with two reactors. Since these reactors have a large volume as compared with other parts constituting the power supply device, the volume occupied by the power supply device may be large. Further, the reactor is often provided with a cooling device, and a large number of reactors leads to an increase in the size of the power supply device.

本発明は、電源装置を小型化することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to reduce the size of a power supply device.

本発明は、第１スイッチ、第２スイッチおよび第３スイッチと、第１直流電源と、第２直流電源と、を備える電源装置において、前記第１スイッチの一端は、前記第２スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第２スイッチの他端は、前記第３スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端および前記第３スイッチの他端との間に負荷が設けられ、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチの接続点と、前記第３スイッチの他端との間に前記第１直流電源が設けられ、前記第１スイッチの他端と、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチの接続点との間に前記第２直流電源が設けられ、前記電源装置は、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチがオフの状態で前記第３スイッチがオンになったとき、および、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第２スイッチがオンになったときのいずれにおいても、前記負荷に流れる電流が流れる経路に挿入されるリアクトルと、前記第１スイッチ、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチを制御する制御部と、を備え、前記制御部は、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチをオンにし、前記第２スイッチをオフにする並列モードから、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチをオフにし、前記第２スイッチをオンにする直列モードに、各前記スイッチの設定を切り換えるまでの間、または、前記直列モードから前記並列モードに各前記スイッチの設定を切り換えるまでの間に、前記第１スイッチをオフにした状態で、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチを交互にオンオフすることを特徴とする。望ましくは、前記リアクトルは、前記第２直流電源と前記第１スイッチの他端との間に設けられている。望ましくは、前記リアクトルは、前記負荷と前記第１スイッチの他端との間、または、前記負荷と前記第３スイッチの他端との間、に設けられている。 According to the present invention, in a power supply device including a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a first DC power supply, and a second DC power supply, one end of the first switch is attached to one end of the second switch. The other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch, and a load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch. The first DC power supply is provided between the connection point of the second switch and the other end of the third switch, and the other end of the first switch is connected to the second switch and the third switch. The second DC power supply is provided between the points, and the power supply device is used when the first switch and the second switch are off and the third switch is turned on, and when the first switch is turned on. And when the second switch is turned on while the third switch is off, the reactor inserted into the path through which the current flowing through the load flows , the first switch, the second switch, and the like. The control unit includes a control unit that controls the third switch, and the control unit starts from a parallel mode in which the first switch and the third switch are turned on and the second switch is turned off, and the first switch and the third switch are turned off. Until the setting of each switch is switched to the series mode in which the third switch is turned off and the second switch is turned on, or until the setting of each switch is switched from the series mode to the parallel mode. in, while turning off the first switch, and wherein the on-off to Rukoto alternately the second switch and the third switch. Desirably, the reactor is provided between the second DC power supply and the other end of the first switch. Desirably, the reactor is provided between the load and the other end of the first switch, or between the load and the other end of the third switch.

また、本発明は、第１スイッチ、第２スイッチおよび第３スイッチと、第１直流電源と、第２直流電源と、を備える電源装置において、前記第１スイッチの一端は、前記第２スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第２スイッチの他端は、前記第３スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端および前記第３スイッチの他端との間に負荷が設けられ、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチの接続点と、前記第３スイッチの他端との間に前記第１直流電源が接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端と、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチの接続点との間に前記第２直流電源が接続され、前記電源装置は、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第１スイッチがオンになったとき、および、前記第１スイッチおよび第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第２スイッチがオンになったときのいずれにおいても、前記負荷に流れる電流が流れる経路に挿入されるリアクトルと、前記第１スイッチ、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチを制御する制御部と、を備え、前記制御部は、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチをオンにし、前記第２スイッチをオフにする並列モードから、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチをオフにし、前記第２スイッチをオンにする直列モードに、各前記スイッチの設定を切り換えるまでの間、または、前記直列モードから前記並列モードに各前記スイッチの設定を切り換えるまでの間に、前記第３スイッチをオフにした状態で、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチを交互にオンオフすることを特徴とする。 Further, according to the present invention, in a power supply device including a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, a first DC power supply, and a second DC power supply, one end of the first switch is the second switch. Connected to one end, the other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch, and a load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch. The first DC power supply is connected between the connection point of the 1 switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch, and the other end of the first switch and the second switch and the third switch are connected. The second DC power supply is connected to the connection point of the above, and the power supply device is used when the first switch is turned on while the second switch and the third switch are off, and when the first switch is turned on. When the second switch is turned on while the first switch and the third switch are off, the reactor inserted in the path through which the current flowing through the load flows, the first switch, and the second switch And a control unit that controls the third switch, the control unit comprises a parallel mode in which the first switch and the third switch are turned on and the second switch is turned off, and the first switch and the first switch and the third switch are turned off. Until the setting of each switch is switched to the series mode in which the third switch is turned off and the second switch is turned on, or until the setting of each switch is switched from the series mode to the parallel mode. In the meantime, the first switch and the second switch are alternately turned on and off with the third switch turned off .

望ましくは、前記リアクトルは、前記第１直流電源と前記第３スイッチの他端との間に設けられている。 Preferably, the reactor is that provided between the other end of the third switch and the first DC power source.

また、本発明は、第１スイッチ、第２スイッチおよび第３スイッチと、第１直流電源と、第２直流電源と、を備える電源装置において、前記第１スイッチの一端は、前記第２スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第２スイッチの他端は、前記第３スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端および前記第３スイッチの他端との間に負荷が設けられ、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチの接続点と、前記第３スイッチの他端との間に前記第１直流電源が設けられ、前記第１スイッチの他端と、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチの接続点との間に前記第２直流電源が設けられ、前記電源装置は、前記第１スイッチ、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチを制御する制御部と、前記制御部の制御によって前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチがオフの状態で前記第３スイッチがオンになったとき、および、前記制御部の制御によって前記第１スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第２スイッチがオンになったときのいずれにおいても、前記負荷に流れる電流が流れる経路に挿入されるリアクトルと、を備え、前記リアクトルは、前記第２直流電源と前記第１スイッチの他端との間に設けられている。 Further, according to the present invention, in a power supply device including a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, a first DC power supply, and a second DC power supply, one end of the first switch is the second switch. Connected to one end, the other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch, and a load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch. The first DC power supply is provided between the connection point of the first switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch, and the other end of the first switch and the second switch and the third switch are provided. The second DC power supply is provided between the connection point and the power supply device, and the power supply device is controlled by a control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch, and the control unit. When the third switch is turned on while the first switch and the second switch are off, and when the first switch and the third switch are off under the control of the control unit, the second switch is turned on. Each time it is turned on, it includes a reactor that is inserted into the path through which the current flowing through the load flows, and the reactor is provided between the second DC power supply and the other end of the first switch. is not that.

また、本発明は、第１スイッチ、第２スイッチおよび第３スイッチと、第１直流電源と、第２直流電源と、を備える電源装置において、前記第１スイッチの一端は、前記第２スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第２スイッチの他端は、前記第３スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端および前記第３スイッチの他端との間に負荷が設けられ、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチの接続点と、前記第３スイッチの他端との間に前記第１直流電源が接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端と、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチの接続点との間に前記第２直流電源が接続され、前記電源装置は、前記第１スイッチ、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチを制御する制御部と、前記制御部の制御によって前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第１スイッチがオンになったとき、および、前記制御部の制御によって前記第１スイッチおよび第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第２スイッチがオンになったときのいずれにおいても、前記負荷に流れる電流が流れる経路に挿入されるリアクトルと、を備え、前記リアクトルは、前記第１直流電源と前記第３スイッチの他端との間に設けられていることを特徴とする。 Further, according to the present invention, in a power supply device including a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, a first DC power supply, and a second DC power supply, one end of the first switch is the second switch. Connected to one end, the other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch, and a load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch. The first DC power supply is connected between the connection point of the 1 switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch, and the other end of the first switch and the second switch and the third switch are connected. The second DC power supply is connected to the connection point of the above, and the power supply device is controlled by a control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch, and the control unit. When the first switch is turned on while the two switches and the third switch are off, and when the first switch and the third switch are turned off by the control of the control unit, the second switch is turned on. In any case, the reactor is provided with a reactor inserted in the path through which the current flowing through the load flows, and the reactor is provided between the first DC power supply and the other end of the third switch. and it shall be the feature of that.

望ましくは、前記第１スイッチの他端と前記第２直流電源との間の経路に設けられた第１充電端子と、前記第３スイッチの他端と前記第１直流電源との間の経路に設けられた第２充電端子と、前記第２スイッチに並列接続された整流素子と、を備え、各前記スイッチの状態に応じて、前記第１充電端子と前記第２充電端子との間に前記第１直流電源および前記第２直流電源が直列に接続されるときに、前記第１充電端子から前記第１直流電源および前記第２直流電源を通って前記第２充電端子に至る経路に、前記リアクトルが設けられていない。 Desirably, the first charging terminal provided in the path between the other end of the first switch and the second DC power supply, and the path between the other end of the third switch and the first DC power supply. A second charging terminal provided and a rectifying element connected in parallel to the second switch are provided, and depending on the state of each of the switches, the second charging terminal is located between the first charging terminal and the second charging terminal. When the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are connected in series, the path from the first charging terminal to the second charging terminal through the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply is described. There is no reactor .

また、本発明は、第１スイッチ、第２スイッチおよび第３スイッチと、第１直流電源と、第２直流電源と、を備える電源装置において、前記第１スイッチの一端は、前記第２スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第２スイッチの他端は、前記第３スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端および前記第３スイッチの他端との間に負荷が設けられ、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチの接続点と、前記第３スイッチの他端との間に前記第１直流電源が設けられ、前記第１スイッチの他端と、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチの接続点との間に前記第２直流電源が設けられ、前記電源装置は、前記第１スイッチ、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチを制御する制御部と、前記制御部の制御によって前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチがオフの状態で前記第３スイッチがオンになったとき、および、前記制御部の制御によって前記第１スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第２スイッチがオンになったときのいずれにおいても、前記負荷に流れる電流が流れる経路に挿入されるリアクトルと、を備え、前記第１スイッチの他端と前記第２直流電源との間の経路に設けられた第１充電端子と、前記第３スイッチの他端と前記第１直流電源との間の経路に設けられた第２充電端子と、前記第２スイッチに並列接続された整流素子と、を備え、各前記スイッチの状態に応じて、前記第１充電端子と前記第２充電端子との間に前記第１直流電源および前記第２直流電源が直列に接続されるときに、前記第１充電端子から前記第１直流電源および前記第２直流電源を通って前記第２充電端子に至る経路に、前記リアクトルが設けられていないことを特徴とする。 Further, according to the present invention, in a power supply device including a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, a first DC power supply, and a second DC power supply, one end of the first switch is the second switch. Connected to one end, the other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch, and a load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch. The first DC power supply is provided between the connection point of the 1 switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch, and the other end of the first switch and the second switch and the third switch are provided. The second DC power supply is provided between the connection point and the power supply device, and the power supply device is controlled by a control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch, and the control unit. When the third switch is turned on while the first switch and the second switch are off, and when the first switch and the third switch are off under the control of the control unit, the second switch is turned on. Each time it is turned on, it is provided with a reactor inserted in the path through which the current flowing through the load flows, and is provided in the path between the other end of the first switch and the second DC power supply. A first charging terminal, a second charging terminal provided in a path between the other end of the third switch and the first DC power supply, and a rectifying element connected in parallel to the second switch are provided. When the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are connected in series between the first charging terminal and the second charging terminal according to the state of each of the switches, the first charging terminal is used. the path of the first DC power source and through said second DC power source to the second charging terminal, you wherein reactor is not provided.

また、本発明は、第１スイッチ、第２スイッチおよび第３スイッチと、第１直流電源と、第２直流電源と、を備える電源装置において、前記第１スイッチの一端は、前記第２スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第２スイッチの他端は、前記第３スイッチの一端に接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端および前記第３スイッチの他端との間に負荷が設けられ、前記第１スイッチおよび前記第２スイッチの接続点と、前記第３スイッチの他端との間に前記第１直流電源が接続され、前記第１スイッチの他端と、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチの接続点との間に前記第２直流電源が接続され、前記電源装置は、前記第１スイッチ、前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチを制御する制御部と、前記制御部の制御によって前記第２スイッチおよび前記第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第１スイッチがオンになったとき、および、前記制御部の制御によって前記第１スイッチおよび第３スイッチがオフの状態で前記第２スイッチがオンになったときのいずれにおいても、前記負荷に流れる電流が流れる経路に挿入されるリアクトルと、を備え、前記第１スイッチの他端と前記第２直流電源との間の経路に設けられた第１充電端子と、前記第３スイッチの他端と前記第１直流電源との間の経路に設けられた第２充電端子と、前記第２スイッチに並列接続された整流素子と、を備え、各前記スイッチの状態に応じて、前記第１充電端子と前記第２充電端子との間に前記第１直流電源および前記第２直流電源が直列に接続されるときに、前記第１充電端子から前記第１直流電源および前記第２直流電源を通って前記第２充電端子に至る経路に、前記リアクトルが設けられていないことを特徴とする。 Further, according to the present invention, in a power supply device including a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, a first DC power supply, and a second DC power supply, one end of the first switch is the second switch. Connected to one end, the other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch, and a load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch. The first DC power supply is connected between the connection point of the 1 switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch, and the other end of the first switch and the second switch and the third switch. The second DC power supply is connected to the connection point of the above, and the power supply device is controlled by a control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch, and the control unit. When the first switch is turned on while the two switches and the third switch are off, and when the first switch and the third switch are turned off by the control of the control unit, the second switch is turned on. In any case, the reactor is provided with a reactor inserted in the path through which the current flowing through the load flows, and is provided in the path between the other end of the first switch and the second DC power supply. Each includes a 1 charging terminal, a second charging terminal provided in a path between the other end of the third switch and the first DC power supply, and a rectifying element connected in parallel to the second switch. When the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are connected in series between the first charging terminal and the second charging terminal according to the state of the switch, the first charging terminal is used as the first charging terminal. The reactor is not provided in the path from the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply to the second charging terminal .

本発明によれば、電源装置を小型化することができる。 According to the present invention, the power supply device can be miniaturized.

車両搭載用電源装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the power supply device for vehicle mounting. 負荷の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the configuration example of a load. 直列状態において流れる電流を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the current which flows in the series state. 第２バッテリ単独状態において流れる電流を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the current which flows in the 2nd battery alone state. 負荷電圧、負荷電流、第１バッテリ電流およびリアクトル電流の各時間波形を示す図である。It is a figure which shows each time waveform of a load voltage, a load current, a 1st battery current and a reactor current. 充電器が接続された車両搭載用電源装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the power supply device for vehicle mounting to which a charger is connected. 充電器が接続された車両搭載用電源装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the power supply device for vehicle mounting to which a charger is connected. 第１変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the power supply device for vehicle mounting which concerns on 1st modification. 第２変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the power supply device for vehicle mounting which concerns on the 2nd modification. 第３変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the power supply device for vehicle mounting which concerns on 3rd modification.

図１には、本発明の実施形態に係る車両搭載用電源装置の構成が示されている。車両搭載用電源装置は、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２の接続状態をスイッチング素子によって切り換え、複数の異なるレベルの電圧を負荷２６に出力するものである。 FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a vehicle-mounted power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle-mounted power supply device switches the connection state of the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 by a switching element, and outputs a plurality of different levels of voltage to the load 26.

車両搭載用電源装置は、第１バッテリ１０、第２バッテリ１２、第１スイッチＳ１、第２スイッチＳ２、第３スイッチＳ３、制御部１４、リアクトル１６、正極負荷端子１８、負極負荷端子２０、第１充電端子２２、および第２充電端子２４を備える。 The vehicle-mounted power supply includes the first battery 10, the second battery 12, the first switch S1, the second switch S2, the third switch S3, the control unit 14, the reactor 16, the positive electrode load terminal 18, the negative electrode load terminal 20, and the first. It includes one charging terminal 22 and a second charging terminal 24.

第１スイッチＳ１、第２スイッチＳ２および第３スイッチＳ３のそれぞれは、半導体スイッチング素子によって構成されている。半導体スイッチング素子としては、例えば、ＩＧＢＴ（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor）が用いられる。ＩＧＢＴのコレクタとエミッタとの間には、エミッタに接続される側をアノードとして、ダイオード（整流素子）が接続されている。半導体スイッチング素子としてＩＧＢＴ以外のものが用いられる場合には、スイッチが導通したときに流れる電流とは逆向きの電流が流れるように、半導体スイッチング素子にダイオードが並列接続される。ダイオードは、半導体スイッチング素子に伴う寄生ダイオードであってもよい。本明細書では、半導体スイッチング素子とダイオードを併せたものをスイッチという。第１スイッチＳ１、第２スイッチＳ２、および第３スイッチＳ３は、それぞれ、制御部１４によってオンからオフに制御され、または、オフからオンに制御される。 Each of the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 is composed of a semiconductor switching element. As the semiconductor switching element, for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) is used. A diode (rectifying element) is connected between the collector and the emitter of the IGBT with the side connected to the emitter as the anode. When an object other than the IGBT is used as the semiconductor switching element, a diode is connected in parallel to the semiconductor switching element so that a current flowing in the direction opposite to the current flowing when the switch is conducted flows. The diode may be a parasitic diode associated with the semiconductor switching element. In the present specification, a combination of a semiconductor switching element and a diode is referred to as a switch. The first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 are controlled from on to off or from off to on, respectively, by the control unit 14.

第１スイッチＳ１の一端（エミッタ）は、第２スイッチＳ２の一端（コレクタ）に接続されている。第２スイッチＳ２の他端（エミッタ）は、第３スイッチＳ３の一端（コレクタ）に接続されている。第１スイッチＳ１の他端（コレクタ）は、正極負荷端子１８に接続され、第３スイッチＳ３の他端（エミッタ）は、負極負荷端子２０に接続されている。正極負荷端子１８と負極負荷端子２０との間には、負荷２６が接続されている。 One end (emitter) of the first switch S1 is connected to one end (collector) of the second switch S2. The other end (emitter) of the second switch S2 is connected to one end (collector) of the third switch S3. The other end (collector) of the first switch S1 is connected to the positive electrode load terminal 18, and the other end (emitter) of the third switch S3 is connected to the negative electrode load terminal 20. A load 26 is connected between the positive electrode load terminal 18 and the negative electrode load terminal 20.

第１スイッチＳ１および第２スイッチＳ２の接続点と、第３スイッチＳ３の他端との間には、第１直流電源としての第１バッテリ１０が設けられている。すなわち、第１スイッチＳ１および第２スイッチＳ２の接続点には第１バッテリ１０の正極が接続され、第３スイッチＳ３の他端には第１バッテリ１０の負極が接続されている。 A first battery 10 as a first DC power source is provided between the connection point of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 and the other end of the third switch S3. That is, the positive electrode of the first battery 10 is connected to the connection point of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2, and the negative electrode of the first battery 10 is connected to the other end of the third switch S3.

第１スイッチＳ１の他端と、第２スイッチＳ２および第３スイッチＳ３の接続点との間には、第２直流電源としての第２バッテリ１２が設けられている。ただし、第１スイッチＳ１の他端と第２バッテリ１２の正極との間にはリアクトル１６が介在する。すなわち、第１スイッチＳ１の他端には、リアクトル１６の一端が接続され、リアクトル１６の他端には、第２バッテリ１２の正極が接続されている。そして、第２スイッチＳ２および第３スイッチＳ３の接続点には第２バッテリ１２の負極が接続されている。 A second battery 12 as a second DC power source is provided between the other end of the first switch S1 and the connection points of the second switch S2 and the third switch S3. However, the reactor 16 is interposed between the other end of the first switch S1 and the positive electrode of the second battery 12. That is, one end of the reactor 16 is connected to the other end of the first switch S1, and the positive electrode of the second battery 12 is connected to the other end of the reactor 16. The negative electrode of the second battery 12 is connected to the connection points of the second switch S2 and the third switch S3.

第１スイッチＳ１と第２バッテリ１２との間の経路におけるリアクトル１６と第２バッテリ１２との接続点には、第１充電端子２２が接続されている。また、第１バッテリ１０の負極と第３スイッチＳ３との間の経路には、第２充電端子２４が接続されている。 The first charging terminal 22 is connected to the connection point between the reactor 16 and the second battery 12 in the path between the first switch S1 and the second battery 12. Further, the second charging terminal 24 is connected to the path between the negative electrode of the first battery 10 and the third switch S3.

図２に例示されているように、負荷２６は、キャパシタ２７、インバータ２８および駆動用モータ３０を含んでいる。キャパシタ２７は、正極負荷端子１８と負極負荷端子２０との間に接続されている。インバータ２８は、車両搭載用電源装置と駆動用モータ３０との間で直流／交流変換を行う。すなわち、インバータ２８は、正極負荷端子１８および負極負荷端子２０から出力される直流電力を交流電力に変換して駆動用モータ３０に出力する。また、インバータ２８は、駆動用モータ３０が回生制動によって発電した交流電力を直流電力に変換して、正極負荷端子１８および負極負荷端子２０に出力する。力行状態の駆動用モータ３０は、インバータ２８から与えられた電力に応じてトルクを発生して車両を加速させる。また、回生状態の駆動用モータ３０は車両を減速させ、発電電力をインバータ２８に出力する。 As illustrated in FIG. 2, the load 26 includes a capacitor 27, an inverter 28 and a drive motor 30. The capacitor 27 is connected between the positive electrode load terminal 18 and the negative electrode load terminal 20. The inverter 28 performs DC / AC conversion between the vehicle-mounted power supply device and the drive motor 30. That is, the inverter 28 converts the DC power output from the positive electrode load terminal 18 and the negative electrode load terminal 20 into AC power and outputs the DC power to the drive motor 30. Further, the inverter 28 converts the AC power generated by the drive motor 30 by the regenerative braking into DC power and outputs the AC power to the positive electrode load terminal 18 and the negative electrode load terminal 20. The driving motor 30 in the power running state generates torque according to the electric power given from the inverter 28 to accelerate the vehicle. Further, the regenerative drive motor 30 decelerates the vehicle and outputs the generated power to the inverter 28.

図１に戻って、車両搭載用電源装置の動作について説明する。第１バッテリ１０の出力電圧は第１出力電圧Ｖ１である。第２バッテリ１２の出力電圧は第２出力電圧Ｖ２である。本実施形態においては、第１出力電圧Ｖ１および第２出力電圧Ｖ２は等しい。 Returning to FIG. 1, the operation of the vehicle-mounted power supply device will be described. The output voltage of the first battery 10 is the first output voltage V1. The output voltage of the second battery 12 is the second output voltage V2. In this embodiment, the first output voltage V1 and the second output voltage V2 are equal.

車両搭載用電源装置の動作モードには、直列モード、並列モード、第１バッテリ単独モードおよび第２バッテリ単独モードがある。 The operation modes of the vehicle-mounted power supply device include a series mode, a parallel mode, a first battery independent mode, and a second battery independent mode.

直列モードにおいて制御部１４は、第１スイッチＳ１および第３スイッチＳ３をオフにし、第２スイッチＳ２をオンにする。これによって、第２スイッチＳ２を介して第１バッテリ１０の正極と第２バッテリ１２の負極とが接続され、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２が直列に接続される。負荷２６には、第１出力電圧Ｖ１および第２出力電圧Ｖ２を加算した加算電圧Ｖ３＝Ｖ１＋Ｖ２が出力される。また、負極負荷端子２０から第１バッテリ１０、第２スイッチＳ２、第２バッテリ１２、およびリアクトル１６を通って正極負荷端子１８に至る電流、あるいは、その逆方向の電流が流れる。 In the series mode, the control unit 14 turns off the first switch S1 and the third switch S3, and turns on the second switch S2. As a result, the positive electrode of the first battery 10 and the negative electrode of the second battery 12 are connected via the second switch S2, and the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 are connected in series. An additional voltage V3 = V1 + V2, which is the sum of the first output voltage V1 and the second output voltage V2, is output to the load 26. Further, a current flows from the negative electrode load terminal 20 to the positive electrode load terminal 18 through the first battery 10, the second switch S2, the second battery 12, and the reactor 16, or a current in the opposite direction.

並列モードにおいて制御部１４は、第１スイッチＳ１および第３スイッチＳ３をオンにし、第２スイッチＳ２をオフにする。これによって、第１バッテリ１０の正極と第２バッテリ１２の正極とが、第１スイッチＳ１およびリアクトル１６を介して接続され、第３スイッチＳ３を介して第１バッテリ１０の負極と第２バッテリ１２の負極とが接続される。負荷２６には、第１出力電圧Ｖ１（これと等しい第２出力電圧Ｖ２）が出力される。また、負極負荷端子２０から第１バッテリ１０および第１スイッチＳ１を通って正極負荷端子１８に至る電流、あるいは、その逆方向の電流が流れる。さらに、負極負荷端子２０から第３スイッチＳ３、第２バッテリ１２、およびリアクトル１６を通って正極負荷端子１８に至る電流、あるいは、その逆方向の電流が流れる。 In the parallel mode, the control unit 14 turns on the first switch S1 and the third switch S3, and turns off the second switch S2. As a result, the positive electrode of the first battery 10 and the positive electrode of the second battery 12 are connected via the first switch S1 and the reactor 16, and the negative electrode of the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 are connected via the third switch S3. Is connected to the negative electrode of. A first output voltage V1 (a second output voltage V2 equal to this) is output to the load 26. Further, a current flows from the negative electrode load terminal 20 to the positive electrode load terminal 18 through the first battery 10 and the first switch S1, or a current in the opposite direction. Further, a current flows from the negative electrode load terminal 20 to the positive electrode load terminal 18 through the third switch S3, the second battery 12, and the reactor 16, or a current in the opposite direction.

第１バッテリ単独モードにおいて制御部１４は、第１スイッチＳ１をオンにし、第２スイッチＳ２および第３スイッチＳ３をオフにする。これによって、第１スイッチＳ１を介して第１バッテリ１０の正極が正極負荷端子１８に接続される。負荷２６には第１出力電圧Ｖ１が出力され、負極負荷端子２０から第１バッテリ１０および第１スイッチＳ１を通って正極負荷端子１８に至る電流、あるいは、その逆方向の電流が流れる。 In the first battery independent mode, the control unit 14 turns on the first switch S1 and turns off the second switch S2 and the third switch S3. As a result, the positive electrode of the first battery 10 is connected to the positive electrode load terminal 18 via the first switch S1. The first output voltage V1 is output to the load 26, and a current flowing from the negative electrode load terminal 20 to the positive electrode load terminal 18 through the first battery 10 and the first switch S1 or a current in the opposite direction flows.

第２バッテリ単独モードにおいて制御部１４は、第３スイッチＳ３をオンにし、第１スイッチＳ１および第２スイッチＳ２をオフにする。これによって、リアクトル１６を介して第２バッテリ１２の正極が正極負荷端子１８に接続され、第３スイッチＳ３を介して第２バッテリ１２の負極が負極負荷端子２０に接続される。負荷２６には第２出力電圧Ｖ２が出力され、負極負荷端子２０から第３スイッチＳ３、第２バッテリ１２、およびリアクトル１６を通って正極負荷端子１８に至る電流、あるいは、その逆方向の電流が流れる。 In the second battery independent mode, the control unit 14 turns on the third switch S3 and turns off the first switch S1 and the second switch S2. As a result, the positive electrode of the second battery 12 is connected to the positive electrode load terminal 18 via the reactor 16, and the negative electrode of the second battery 12 is connected to the negative electrode load terminal 20 via the third switch S3. A second output voltage V2 is output to the load 26, and a current from the negative electrode load terminal 20 to the positive electrode load terminal 18 through the third switch S3, the second battery 12, and the reactor 16 or a current in the opposite direction is transmitted. It flows.

各モードにおいて負荷２６に流れる電流の向きは、負荷２６における駆動用モータが力行状態にあるか回生状態にあるかに応じて定まる。すなわち、駆動用モータが力行状態にあるときは正極負荷端子１８から負荷２６に電流が流出し、駆動用モータが回生状態にあるときは負荷２６から正極負荷端子１８に電流が流入する。 The direction of the current flowing through the load 26 in each mode is determined depending on whether the drive motor in the load 26 is in the power running state or the regenerative state. That is, when the drive motor is in the power running state, the current flows from the positive electrode load terminal 18 to the load 26, and when the drive motor is in the regenerative state, the current flows from the load 26 to the positive electrode load terminal 18.

車両の走行状態に応じて、すなわち、駆動用モータが発生するトルクや駆動用モータの回転数等に応じて、制御部１４は、直列モード、並列モード、第１バッテリ単独モード、または第２バッテリ単独モードのいずれかに車両搭載用電源装置の動作モードを設定する。 Depending on the running state of the vehicle, that is, according to the torque generated by the drive motor, the rotation speed of the drive motor, etc., the control unit 14 may perform a series mode, a parallel mode, a first battery independent mode, or a second battery. Set the operation mode of the vehicle-mounted power supply to one of the stand-alone modes.

上述のように直列モードでは、加算電圧Ｖ３が負荷２６に印加され、並列モードでは、第１出力電圧Ｖ１およびこれと等しい第２出力電圧Ｖ２が負荷２６に印加される。車両搭載用電源装置の動作モードが直列モードから並列モードに切り換えられたとき、または、並列モードから直列モードに切り換えられた場合には、負荷２６に印加される電圧が急激に変化し、大きな電流が負荷２６に流れてしまう。このような突入電流が負荷２６に流れると、負荷２６に含まれる電気部品の寿命が短縮されることがある。 As described above, in the series mode, the additional voltage V3 is applied to the load 26, and in the parallel mode, the first output voltage V1 and the equivalent second output voltage V2 are applied to the load 26. When the operation mode of the vehicle-mounted power supply is switched from the series mode to the parallel mode, or when the operation mode is switched from the parallel mode to the series mode, the voltage applied to the load 26 changes abruptly and a large current is generated. Flows to the load 26. When such an inrush current flows through the load 26, the life of the electric components included in the load 26 may be shortened.

そこで、制御部１４は、車両搭載用電源装置の動作モードを直列モードから並列モードに切り換えるまでの所定時間の間、または、並列モードから直列モードに切り換えるまでの所定時間の間、車両搭載用電源装置を次に説明するような直並列遷移モードで動作させる。 Therefore, the control unit 14 supplies the vehicle-mounted power supply for a predetermined time until the operation mode of the vehicle-mounted power supply device is switched from the series mode to the parallel mode, or for a predetermined time until the operation mode is switched from the parallel mode to the series mode. Operate the device in the series-parallel transition mode as described below.

直並列遷移モードでは、直列モードにおける各スイッチの状態と、第２バッテリ単独モードにおける各スイッチの状態が、所定の周波数で交互に繰り返される。直列モードと第２バッテリ単独モードではいずれも第１スイッチＳ１がオフであり、第２スイッチＳ２がオンであるか否か、第３スイッチＳ３がオフであるか否かが異なる。制御部１４は、第１スイッチＳ１をオフに維持した状態で、第２スイッチＳ２および第３スイッチＳ３を交互にオンオフする。すなわち、制御部１４は、第１スイッチＳ１をオフに維持した状態で、第２スイッチＳ２をオフからオンにするときは第３スイッチＳ３をオンからオフにし、第２スイッチＳ２をオンからオフにするときは、第３スイッチＳ３をオフからオンにする。 In the series-parallel transition mode, the state of each switch in the series mode and the state of each switch in the second battery independent mode are alternately repeated at a predetermined frequency. In both the series mode and the second battery independent mode, the first switch S1 is off, and whether or not the second switch S2 is on and whether or not the third switch S3 is off are different. The control unit 14 alternately turns on / off the second switch S2 and the third switch S3 while keeping the first switch S1 off. That is, when the control unit 14 keeps the first switch S1 off and turns the second switch S2 from off to on, the control unit 14 turns the third switch S3 from on to off and the second switch S2 from on to off. When doing so, the third switch S3 is turned from off to on.

図３に示されているように、第１スイッチＳ１および第３スイッチＳ３がオフであり、第２スイッチＳ２がオンであるときは、負極負荷端子２０から第１バッテリ１０、第２スイッチＳ２、第２バッテリ１２およびリアクトル１６を通って負荷２６に至る電流Ｉ１、あるいは、その逆方向の電流が流れる。この状態は、直列モードと同様の状態である。また、図４に示されているように、第１スイッチＳ１および第２スイッチＳ２がオフであり、さらに、第３スイッチＳ３がオンであるときは、負極負荷端子２０から第３スイッチＳ３、第２バッテリ１２およびリアクトル１６を通って負荷２６に至る電流Ｉ２、あるいは、その逆方向の電流が流れる。この状態は第２バッテリ単独状態と同様の状態である。 As shown in FIG. 3, when the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 are off and the second switch S2 is on, the negative electrode load terminal 20 to the first battery 10, the second switch S2, A current I1 that reaches the load 26 through the second battery 12 and the reactor 16 or a current in the opposite direction flows. This state is similar to the series mode. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, when the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are off and the third switch S3 is on, the negative electrode load terminals 20 to the third switch S3 and the third switch S3 are turned on. 2 A current I2 that reaches the load 26 through the battery 12 and the reactor 16 or a current in the opposite direction flows. This state is the same as the state of the second battery alone.

直並列遷移モードでは、第１スイッチＳ１および第２スイッチＳ２がオフの状態で第３スイッチＳ３がオンになったとき、および、第１スイッチＳ１および第３スイッチＳ３がオフの状態で第２スイッチＳ２がオンになったときのいずれにおいても、負荷２６に流れる電流の経路にリアクトル１６が挿入される。リアクトル１６に現れる誘導起電力によって、負荷２６に印加される電圧の変化が抑制され、ひいては負荷２６に流れる電流の変化が抑制される。 In the series-parallel transition mode, the second switch is turned on when the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are off, and when the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 are off. Whenever S2 is turned on, the reactor 16 is inserted in the path of the current flowing through the load 26. The induced electromotive force appearing in the reactor 16 suppresses the change in the voltage applied to the load 26, and thus the change in the current flowing through the load 26.

図５（ａ）および（ｂ）には、車両搭載用電源装置についてのシミュレーション結果が示されている。図５（ａ）には負荷に印加される電圧３２および負荷に流れる電流３４が示されている。横軸は時間を示し縦軸は負荷電圧３２および負荷電流３４を示す。時間ｔ１から時間ｔ１＋δ１の間に動作モードが並列モードから直列モードに切り換えられ、負荷電圧３２がＶ１からＶ１＋Ｖ２（＝２・Ｖ１＝２・Ｖ２）に増加している。また、時間ｔ２から時間ｔ２＋δ２の間に動作モードが直列モードから並列モードに切り換えられ、負荷電圧３２がＶ１＋Ｖ２からＶ１（＝Ｖ２）に減少している。並列モードから直列モードに切り換えられると共に負荷電流３４は減少し、直列モードから並列モードに切り換えられると共に負荷電流３４は増加する。これは、負荷における駆動用モータの駆動出力を一定にする制御が行われているためである。 5 (a) and 5 (b) show the simulation results for the vehicle-mounted power supply device. FIG. 5A shows a voltage 32 applied to the load and a current 34 flowing through the load. The horizontal axis shows time and the vertical axis shows load voltage 32 and load current 34. The operation mode is switched from the parallel mode to the series mode between the time t1 and the time t1 + δ1, and the load voltage 32 is increased from V1 to V1 + V2 (= 2, V1 = 2, V2). Further, the operation mode is switched from the series mode to the parallel mode between the time t2 and the time t2 + δ2, and the load voltage 32 is reduced from V1 + V2 to V1 (= V2). The load current 34 decreases as the parallel mode is switched to the series mode, and the load current 34 increases as the series mode is switched to the parallel mode. This is because the drive output of the drive motor under load is controlled to be constant.

車両搭載用電源装置は、時間ｔ１から時間ｔ１＋δ１の間、および時間ｔ２から時間ｔ２＋δ２の間、直並列遷移モードで動作している。図５（ｂ）には、時間ｔ１から時間ｔ１＋δ１の間に第１バッテリに流れる電流（第１バッテリ電流３６）の時間波形、リアクトルに流れる電流（リアクトル電流３８）の時間波形、および負荷電流３４の時間波形が示されている。横軸は時間を示し縦軸は電流値を示す。直列状態にある期間ではリアクトル電流３８は時間経過と共に増加し、第２バッテリ単独状態にある期間ではリアクトル電流３８は時間経過と共に減少する。したがって、リアクトル電流３８は、直列状態および第２バッテリ単独状態の繰り返しと共に増減を繰り返す。直列状態の期間では、リアクトル電流３８は第１バッテリ電流３６と同一である。 The vehicle-mounted power supply operates in the series-parallel transition mode between the time t1 and the time t1 + δ1 and between the time t2 and the time t2 + δ2. FIG. 5B shows the time waveform of the current flowing through the first battery (first battery current 36) between the time t1 and the time t1 + δ1, the time waveform of the current flowing through the reactor (reactor current 38), and the load current 34. The time waveform of is shown. The horizontal axis shows time and the vertical axis shows current value. The reactor current 38 increases with the passage of time during the period of being in series, and the reactor current 38 decreases with the passage of time during the period of being in the second battery alone state. Therefore, the reactor current 38 repeats increasing and decreasing with the repetition of the series state and the second battery independent state. During the period of the series state, the reactor current 38 is the same as the first battery current 36.

車両搭載用電源装置が直列状態から第２バッテリ単独状態に切り換えられると共に、第１バッテリ電流３６は減少して０となる。その後、車両搭載用電源装置が第２バッテリ単独状態から直列状態に切り換えられると共に、第１バッテリ電流３６は増加して、リアクトル電流３８と一致した電流となる。シミュレーションによって、動作モードが並列モードから直並列遷移モードを経て直列モードに切り換えられたとき、動作モードが直列モードから直並列遷移モードを経て並列モードに切り換えられたときのいずれについても、負荷電流３４が過大とならないことが確かめられた。 The vehicle-mounted power supply device is switched from the series state to the second battery independent state, and the first battery current 36 decreases to 0. After that, the vehicle-mounted power supply device is switched from the second battery independent state to the series state, and the first battery current 36 increases to a current that matches the reactor current 38. The load current 34 regardless of whether the operation mode is switched from the parallel mode to the series mode via the series-parallel transition mode or the operation mode is switched from the series mode to the series mode via the series-parallel transition mode by the simulation. Was confirmed not to be excessive.

車両搭載用電源装置は、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を充電するための第１充電端子２２および第２充電端子２４を備えている。図６には、第１充電端子２２および第２充電端子２４との間に充電器４０が接続された状態が示されている。制御部１４は、第１スイッチＳ１および第３スイッチＳ３をオンとし、第２スイッチＳ２をオフとして、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を並列に接続する。すなわち、第１バッテリ１０の正極および第２バッテリ１２の正極が、リアクトル１６および第１スイッチＳ１を介して接続され、第１バッテリ１０の負極および第２バッテリ１２の負極が、第２スイッチＳ２を介して接続される。 The vehicle-mounted power supply device includes a first charging terminal 22 and a second charging terminal 24 for charging the first battery 10 and the second battery 12. FIG. 6 shows a state in which the charger 40 is connected between the first charging terminal 22 and the second charging terminal 24. The control unit 14 turns on the first switch S1 and the third switch S3, turns off the second switch S2, and connects the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 in parallel. That is, the positive electrode of the first battery 10 and the positive electrode of the second battery 12 are connected via the reactor 16 and the first switch S1, and the negative electrode of the first battery 10 and the negative electrode of the second battery 12 connect the second switch S2. Connected via.

充電器４０は、商用電源のコンセント（ＡＣアウトレット）から得られる交流電力を直流電力に変換し、第１充電端子２２の側を正極として、第１充電端子２２と第２充電端子２４との間に直流電圧を出力する。また、充電器４０は、非接触供給装置から交流電力を取得し、その交流電力を直流電力に変換し、直流電圧を第１充電端子２２と第２充電端子２４との間に出力する機器であってもよい。この場合、充電器４０は、非接触給電装置が備える送電コイルと電磁気的に結合する受電コイルを備える。充電器４０は、送電コイルおよび受電コイルの磁気的な結合、または、送電コイルおよび受電コイルの共鳴によって非接触供給装置から交流電力を取得する。 The charger 40 converts AC power obtained from a commercial power outlet (AC outlet) into DC power, and has a positive electrode on the side of the first charging terminal 22 between the first charging terminal 22 and the second charging terminal 24. Outputs DC voltage to. Further, the charger 40 is a device that acquires AC power from a non-contact supply device, converts the AC power into DC power, and outputs a DC voltage between the first charging terminal 22 and the second charging terminal 24. There may be. In this case, the charger 40 includes a power receiving coil that is electromagnetically coupled to a power transmitting coil included in the non-contact power feeding device. The charger 40 acquires AC power from the non-contact supply device by magnetically coupling the power transmitting coil and the power receiving coil or by resonance of the power transmitting coil and the power receiving coil.

図６に示されているように、充電器４０から第１充電端子２２に流入し、リアクトル１６、第１スイッチＳ１および第１バッテリ１０を流れて第２充電端子２４から充電器４０に流出する電流Ｉ３によって第１バッテリ１０が充電される。また、充電器４０から第１充電端子２２に流入し、第２バッテリ１２および第３スイッチＳ３を流れて第２充電端子２４から充電器４０に流出する電流Ｉ４によって第２バッテリ１２が充電される。 As shown in FIG. 6, it flows from the charger 40 into the first charging terminal 22, flows through the reactor 16, the first switch S1 and the first battery 10, and flows out from the second charging terminal 24 to the charger 40. The first battery 10 is charged by the current I3. Further, the second battery 12 is charged by the current I4 that flows from the charger 40 into the first charging terminal 22, flows through the second battery 12 and the third switch S3, and flows out from the second charging terminal 24 to the charger 40. ..

制御部１４は、充電器４０の出力電圧が十分大きい場合には、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を直列接続した状態で各バッテリを充電してもよい。この場合、制御部１４は図７に示されているように、第１スイッチＳ１および第３スイッチＳ３をオフとして、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を直列に接続する。すなわち、第１バッテリ１０の正極および第２バッテリ１２の負極が、第２スイッチＳ２を介して接続される。第２スイッチＳ２を構成するＩＧＢＴのコレクタとエミッタとの間には、エミッタに接続される側をアノードとしてダイオードが接続されているため、第２スイッチＳ２はオンであってもオフであってもよい。 When the output voltage of the charger 40 is sufficiently large, the control unit 14 may charge each battery with the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 connected in series. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, the control unit 14 turns off the first switch S1 and the third switch S3, and connects the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 in series. That is, the positive electrode of the first battery 10 and the negative electrode of the second battery 12 are connected via the second switch S2. Since a diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the IGBT constituting the second switch S2 with the side connected to the emitter as the anode, the second switch S2 may be on or off. Good.

充電器４０から第１充電端子２２に流入し、第２バッテリ１２、第２スイッチＳ２におけるダイオード、第１バッテリ１０を流れて第２充電端子２４から充電器４０に流出する電流Ｉ５によって第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２が充電される。 The first battery is generated by the current I5 that flows from the charger 40 into the first charging terminal 22, flows through the second battery 12, the diode in the second switch S2, and the first battery 10 and flows out from the second charging terminal 24 to the charger 40. The 10 and the second battery 12 are charged.

第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を直列接続して充電する場合、これらのバッテリの充電経路にリアクトル１６が挿入されていない。すなわち、第１充電端子２２と第２充電端子２４との間に第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２が直列に接続されるときに、第１充電端子２２から第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を通って第２充電端子２４に至る経路に、リアクトル１６が設けられていない。したがって、リアクトル１６の発熱を抑制するために第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２に流れる電流の大きさを制限する必要がなく、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２に流れる電流を増加させて迅速な充電が行われてもよい。 When the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 are connected in series for charging, the reactor 16 is not inserted in the charging path of these batteries. That is, when the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 are connected in series between the first charging terminal 22 and the second charging terminal 24, the first charging terminal 22 to the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 The reactor 16 is not provided on the path through the second charging terminal 24. Therefore, it is not necessary to limit the magnitude of the current flowing through the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 in order to suppress the heat generation of the reactor 16, and the current flowing through the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 is increased to increase the speed. Charging may be performed.

本発明の実施形態に係る車両搭載用電源装置では、１つのリアクトルが設けられている。したがって、複数のリアクトルが必要とされる電源装置に比べて小型となる。 The vehicle-mounted power supply device according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided with one reactor. Therefore, it is smaller than a power supply unit that requires a plurality of reactors.

図８には、第１変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置が示されている。この変形例は、図１に示されているリアクトル１６の部分を短絡し、代わりに、第３スイッチＳ３と負極負荷端子２０との間にリアクトル４２を設けたものである。図９には、第２変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置が示されている。この変形例は、図１に示されているリアクトル１６の部分を短絡し、代わりに、第２バッテリ１２の正極と正極負荷端子１８との間にリアクトル４４を設けたものである。第１変形例および第２変形例のいずれについても、図１に示される構成要素と同一の構成要素については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。各動作モードにおける各スイッチの状態、およびバッテリ充電時における各スイッチの状態は、図１に示された車両搭載用電源装置と同様である。 FIG. 8 shows a vehicle-mounted power supply device according to the first modification. In this modification, the portion of the reactor 16 shown in FIG. 1 is short-circuited, and instead, the reactor 42 is provided between the third switch S3 and the negative electrode load terminal 20. FIG. 9 shows a vehicle-mounted power supply device according to the second modification. In this modification, the portion of the reactor 16 shown in FIG. 1 is short-circuited, and instead, the reactor 44 is provided between the positive electrode of the second battery 12 and the positive electrode load terminal 18. In both the first modification and the second modification, the same components as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. The state of each switch in each operation mode and the state of each switch when the battery is charged are the same as those of the vehicle-mounted power supply device shown in FIG.

第１変形例および第２変形例においても、図１に示された車両搭載用電源装置と同様の技術的効果が得られる。すなわち、直並列遷移モードにおいて第１スイッチＳ１および第２スイッチＳ２がオフの状態で第３スイッチＳ３がオンになったとき、および、第１スイッチＳ１および第３スイッチＳ３がオフの状態で第２スイッチＳ２がオンになったときのいずれにおいても、負荷２６に流れる電流の経路にリアクトル（４２，４４）が挿入される。リアクトル（４２，４４）に現れる誘導起電力によって、負荷２６に印加される電圧の変化が抑制され、負荷２６に流れる電流の変化が抑制される。 Also in the first modification and the second modification, the same technical effect as that of the vehicle-mounted power supply device shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained. That is, in the series-parallel transition mode, when the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are off and the third switch S3 is turned on, and when the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 are off, the second switch is turned on. Whenever the switch S2 is turned on, the reactor (42,44) is inserted in the path of the current flowing through the load 26. The induced electromotive force appearing in the reactors (42, 44) suppresses the change in the voltage applied to the load 26 and suppresses the change in the current flowing through the load 26.

また、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を直列接続して充電する場合には、これらのバッテリの充電経路にリアクトル１６が挿入されない。したがって、リアクトル１６の発熱を抑制するために各バッテリに流れる電流の大きさを制限する必要がなく、各バッテリに流れる電流を増加させて迅速な充電が行われてもよい。 Further, when the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 are connected in series for charging, the reactor 16 is not inserted into the charging path of these batteries. Therefore, it is not necessary to limit the magnitude of the current flowing through each battery in order to suppress the heat generation of the reactor 16, and the current flowing through each battery may be increased for rapid charging.

さらに、各変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置では、１つのリアクトルが設けられている。したがって、複数のリアクトルが必要とされる電源装置に比べて小型となる。 Further, one reactor is provided in the vehicle-mounted power supply device according to each modification. Therefore, it is smaller than a power supply unit that requires a plurality of reactors.

図１０には、第３変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置が示されている。この変形例は、図１に示されているリアクトル１６の部分を短絡し、代わりに、第３スイッチＳ３と第１バッテリ１０の負極との間にリアクトル４６を設けたものである。図１に示される構成要素と同一の構成要素については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。 FIG. 10 shows a vehicle-mounted power supply device according to a third modification. In this modification, the portion of the reactor 16 shown in FIG. 1 is short-circuited, and instead, the reactor 46 is provided between the third switch S3 and the negative electrode of the first battery 10. The same components as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

各動作モードにおける各スイッチの状態は、直並列遷移モードの各スイッチの状態を除いて、図１に示された車両搭載用電源装置と同様である。第３変形例における直並列遷移モードでは、直列モードにおける各スイッチの状態と、第１バッテリ単独モードにおける各スイッチの状態とが、所定の周波数で交互に繰り返される。直列モードと第１バッテリ単独モードではいずれも第３スイッチＳ３がオフであり、第２スイッチＳ２がオンであるか否か、第１スイッチＳ１がオフであるか否かが異なる。制御部１４は、第３スイッチＳ３をオフに維持した状態で、第２スイッチＳ２および第１スイッチＳ１を交互にオンオフする。すなわち、制御部１４は、第３スイッチＳ３をオフに維持した状態で、第２スイッチＳ２をオフからオンにするときは第１スイッチＳ１をオンからオフにし、第２スイッチＳ２をオンからオフにするときは、第１スイッチＳ１をオフからオンにする。第３変形例においても、バッテリ充電時における各スイッチの状態は、図１に示された車両搭載用電源装置と同様である。 The state of each switch in each operation mode is the same as that of the vehicle-mounted power supply device shown in FIG. 1, except for the state of each switch in the series-parallel transition mode. In the series-parallel transition mode in the third modification, the state of each switch in the series mode and the state of each switch in the first battery independent mode are alternately repeated at a predetermined frequency. In both the series mode and the first battery independent mode, the third switch S3 is off, and whether or not the second switch S2 is on and whether or not the first switch S1 is off are different. The control unit 14 alternately turns on / off the second switch S2 and the first switch S1 while keeping the third switch S3 off. That is, when the second switch S2 is turned from off to on while the third switch S3 is kept off, the control unit 14 turns the first switch S1 from on to off and turns the second switch S2 from on to off. When doing so, the first switch S1 is turned from off to on. Also in the third modification, the state of each switch at the time of charging the battery is the same as that of the vehicle-mounted power supply device shown in FIG.

第３変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置においても、図１に示された車両搭載用電源装置と同様の技術的効果が得られる。すなわち、直並列遷移モードでは、第３スイッチＳ３および第２スイッチＳ２がオフの状態で第１スイッチＳ１がオンになったとき、および、第２スイッチＳ２および第３スイッチＳ３がオフの状態で第１スイッチＳ１がオンになったときのいずれにおいても、負荷２６に流れる電流の経路にリアクトル４６が挿入される。リアクトル４６に現れる誘導起電力によって、負荷２６に印加される電圧の変化が抑制され、負荷２６に流れる電流の変化が抑制される。 The vehicle-mounted power supply device according to the third modification also has the same technical effect as the vehicle-mounted power supply device shown in FIG. That is, in the series-parallel transition mode, the first switch S3 and the second switch S2 are off and the first switch S1 is turned on, and the second switch S2 and the third switch S3 are off. The reactor 46 is inserted into the path of the current flowing through the load 26 at any time when the switch S1 is turned on. The induced electromotive force appearing in the reactor 46 suppresses the change in the voltage applied to the load 26, and suppresses the change in the current flowing through the load 26.

また、第１バッテリ１０および第２バッテリ１２を直列接続して充電する場合には、これらのバッテリの充電経路にリアクトル４６が挿入されていない。したがって、リアクトル４６の発熱を抑制するために各バッテリに流れる電流の大きさを制限する必要がなく、各バッテリに流れる電流を増加させて迅速な充電が行われてもよい。さらに、本変形例に係る車両搭載用電源装置では、１つのリアクトルが設けられている。したがって、複数のリアクトルが必要とされる電源装置に比べて小型となる。 Further, when the first battery 10 and the second battery 12 are connected in series for charging, the reactor 46 is not inserted in the charging path of these batteries. Therefore, it is not necessary to limit the magnitude of the current flowing through each battery in order to suppress the heat generation of the reactor 46, and the current flowing through each battery may be increased for rapid charging. Further, the vehicle-mounted power supply device according to the present modification is provided with one reactor. Therefore, it is smaller than a power supply unit that requires a plurality of reactors.

なお、上記では、車両搭載用電源装置に用いられる直流電源として、バッテリが用いられた例について説明した。直流電源としてはキャパシタ等の他の直流電源が用いられてもよい。 In the above description, an example in which a battery is used as a DC power source used in a vehicle-mounted power supply device has been described. As the DC power supply, another DC power supply such as a capacitor may be used.

また、本発明に係る電源装置は、上記のような車両搭載用電源装置として用いられる他、オフィスや工場における産業機械の電源装置、家庭用製品の電源装置等として用いられてもよい。 Further, the power supply device according to the present invention may be used as a power supply device for mounting on a vehicle as described above, or may be used as a power supply device for industrial machines in offices and factories, a power supply device for household products, and the like.

１０第１バッテリ、１２第２バッテリ、１４制御部、１６，４２，４４，４６リアクトル、１８正極負荷端子、２０負極負荷端子、２２第１充電端子、２４第２充電端子、２６負荷、２７キャパシタ、２８インバータ、３０駆動用モータ、３２負荷電圧、３４負荷電流、３６第１バッテリ電流、３８リアクトル電流、４０充電器。
10 1st battery, 12 2nd battery, 14 control unit, 16, 42, 44, 46 reactor, 18 positive electrode load terminal, 20 negative electrode load terminal, 22 1st charging terminal, 24 2nd charging terminal, 26 load, 27 capacitor , 28 Inverter, 30 Drive motor, 32 Load voltage, 34 Load current, 36 First battery current, 38 Reactor current, 40 Charger.

Claims

1st switch, 2nd switch and 3rd switch,
With the first DC power supply
In a power supply device including a second DC power supply
One end of the first switch is connected to one end of the second switch.
The other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch.
A load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch.
The first DC power supply is provided between the connection points of the first switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch.
The second DC power supply is provided between the other end of the first switch and the connection points of the second switch and the third switch.
The power supply unit
The second switch was turned on when the first switch and the second switch were turned off and the third switch was turned on, and when the first switch and the third switch were turned off. In any case, the reactor inserted in the path through which the current flowing through the load flows , and
A control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch is provided.
The control unit
From the parallel mode in which the first switch and the third switch are turned on and the second switch is turned off, to the series mode in which the first switch and the third switch are turned off and the second switch is turned on. The second switch and the said, with the first switch turned off, until the setting of each of the switches is switched, or until the setting of each of the switches is switched from the series mode to the parallel mode. power apparatus according to claim off to Rukoto alternately third switch.

In the power supply device according to claim 1,
The reactor is
A power supply device provided between the second DC power supply and the other end of the first switch.

In the power supply device according to claim 1,
The reactor is
A power supply device provided between the load and the other end of the first switch, or between the load and the other end of the third switch.

1st switch, 2nd switch and 3rd switch,
With the first DC power supply
In a power supply device including a second DC power supply
One end of the first switch is connected to one end of the second switch.
The other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch.
A load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch.
The first DC power supply is connected between the connection points of the first switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch.
The second DC power supply is connected between the other end of the first switch and the connection points of the second switch and the third switch.
The power supply unit
When the first switch is turned on while the second switch and the third switch are off, and when the second switch is turned on while the first switch and the third switch are off. In any of the above, the reactor inserted in the path through which the current flowing through the load flows, and
A control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch is provided.
The control unit
From the parallel mode in which the first switch and the third switch are turned on and the second switch is turned off, to the series mode in which the first switch and the third switch are turned off and the second switch is turned on. The first switch and the said switch with the third switch turned off until the setting of each of the switches is switched, or before the setting of each of the switches is switched from the series mode to the parallel mode. power apparatus according to claim off to Rukoto alternately the second switch.

In the power supply device according to claim 4,
The reactor is
A power supply device provided between the first DC power supply and the other end of the third switch.

1st switch, 2nd switch and 3rd switch,
With the first DC power supply
In a power supply device including a second DC power supply
One end of the first switch is connected to one end of the second switch.
The other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch.
A load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch.
The first DC power supply is provided between the connection points of the first switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch.
The second DC power supply is provided between the other end of the first switch and the connection points of the second switch and the third switch.
The power supply unit
A control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch.
When the first switch and the second switch are turned off by the control of the control unit and the third switch is turned on, and by the control of the control unit, the first switch and the third switch are turned off. In any case when the second switch is turned on in the state of the above, the reactor is inserted into the path through which the current flowing through the load flows.
The reactor is
A power supply device provided between the second DC power supply and the other end of the first switch.

1st switch, 2nd switch and 3rd switch,
With the first DC power supply
In a power supply device including a second DC power supply
One end of the first switch is connected to one end of the second switch.
The other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch.
A load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch.
The first DC power supply is connected between the connection points of the first switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch.
The second DC power supply is connected between the other end of the first switch and the connection points of the second switch and the third switch.
The power supply unit
A control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch.
When the first switch is turned on while the second switch and the third switch are off by the control of the control unit, and when the first switch and the third switch are turned off by the control of the control unit. In any case when the second switch is turned on in the state, the reactor is inserted into the path through which the current flowing through the load flows.
The reactor is
Power supply, characterized in that provided between the other end of said first DC power source and said third switch.

In the power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
A first charging terminal provided in the path between the other end of the first switch and the second DC power supply,
A second charging terminal provided in the path between the other end of the third switch and the first DC power supply,
A rectifying element connected in parallel to the second switch is provided.
When the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are connected in series between the first charging terminal and the second charging terminal according to the state of each of the switches, the first charging terminal is used. A power supply device characterized in that the reactor is not provided in a path from the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply to the second charging terminal.

1st switch, 2nd switch and 3rd switch,
With the first DC power supply
In a power supply device including a second DC power supply
One end of the first switch is connected to one end of the second switch.
The other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch.
A load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch.
The first DC power supply is provided between the connection points of the first switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch.
The second DC power supply is provided between the other end of the first switch and the connection points of the second switch and the third switch.
The power supply unit
A control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch.
When the first switch and the second switch are turned off by the control of the control unit and the third switch is turned on, and by the control of the control unit, the first switch and the third switch are turned off. In any case when the second switch is turned on in the state of the above, the reactor is inserted into the path through which the current flowing through the load flows.
A first charging terminal provided in the path between the other end of the first switch and the second DC power supply,
A second charging terminal provided in the path between the other end of the third switch and the first DC power supply,
A rectifying element connected in parallel to the second switch is provided.
When the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are connected in series between the first charging terminal and the second charging terminal according to the state of each of the switches, the first charging terminal is used. A power supply device characterized in that the reactor is not provided in a path from the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply to the second charging terminal.

1st switch, 2nd switch and 3rd switch,
With the first DC power supply
In a power supply device including a second DC power supply
One end of the first switch is connected to one end of the second switch.
The other end of the second switch is connected to one end of the third switch.
A load is provided between the other end of the first switch and the other end of the third switch.
The first DC power supply is connected between the connection points of the first switch and the second switch and the other end of the third switch.
The second DC power supply is connected between the other end of the first switch and the connection points of the second switch and the third switch.
The power supply unit
A control unit that controls the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch.
When the first switch is turned on while the second switch and the third switch are turned off by the control of the control unit, and when the first switch and the third switch are turned off by the control of the control unit. In any case when the second switch is turned on in the state, the reactor is inserted into the path through which the current flowing through the load flows.
A first charging terminal provided in the path between the other end of the first switch and the second DC power supply,
A second charging terminal provided in the path between the other end of the third switch and the first DC power supply,
A rectifying element connected in parallel to the second switch is provided.
When the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are connected in series between the first charging terminal and the second charging terminal according to the state of each of the switches, the first charging terminal is used. A power supply device characterized in that the reactor is not provided in a path from the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply to the second charging terminal.