JP2013217357A - Fluid accelerating penetrating type blade - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the following problems: spread of compact wind power generation capable of generating electric power anywhere regardless of day and night and sunshine, as clean energy that requires minimum power generation cost when a global environment and energy problems are considered totally from raw material generation to disposal cost; it is important to generate electric power even in a light-wind area (1.6-3.3 m/sec: a Meteorological Agency wind power class table) which occupies a long time under an actual operation condition, to ensure stable operation, easy and inexpensive manufacturing, and safety even in a severe natural environment such as a typhoon and a sudden gust, without requiring long-term maintenance.SOLUTION: A wind turbine can be started from a light wind area. The wind turbine is configured to allow a fluid to flow through a blade with a pressure difference, in addition to a double-sided lift blade that enhances rotation efficiency even with a weak wind, based on a vertical shaft type, with a simple structure requiring no control for the wind direction, and to increase torque with exhaust force. A compact wind power generation can be achieved, which expands operation time of a weak wind area due to a structure for increasing rotation speed by lift acceleration.

Description

  The present invention relates to a blade shape for improving power generation efficiency in a weak flow velocity region in wind power generation, hydroelectric power generation, and the like.

  In particular, wind turbines for wind power generation are easy to generate electricity for the environment as long as there are winds from soft wind (3.4 to 5.4 m / sec: Meteorological Agency wind class) to male wind (10.8 to 13.8 m / sec). It is one of the excellent means of power generation that has been used gently since ancient times. However, in an urban area or the like, a light wind region (1.6 to 3.3 m / sec) continues for a long time, so that the power generation capacity is lowered, and how to improve the power generation efficiency is a big issue.

  Thus, there are small wing type wind turbines that can generate power even at low wind speeds, and those that improve the starting force by interposing a starting wind turbine that generates driving torque even with a small wind force on this rotating shaft (for example, Patent Document 1: Figure attached to this document). 7). However, since the starter wind turbine is incorporated in the present invention, the number of parts increases, the structure becomes complicated, and the durability and manufacturing cost increase. In addition, the wind resistance is large during strong winds, so the brake system is large and the whole is heavy. It becomes unstable.

  In addition, as an example of a blade-shaped patent, Patent Document 2 “Omnidirectional wind turbine” (FIG. 8 attached to this document) “Cross sectional view of an airfoil-shaped vertical support wall having a bleed passage” has a thick portion of the blade at the trailing edge. Moreover, since it does not have a curved shape or a flap with a long trailing edge, the structure differs from the present invention. Further, there is no pressurized lift on the back surface due to the angle of attack with respect to the wind direction, and the outlet of the bleed passage is divided obliquely up and down, so that the discharge amount is also divided and the thrust is weak.

  In the same document, “Cross sectional view of an annular body inlet blade having an extraction passage” in Patent Document 2 “Omnidirectional wind turbine” (FIG. 9 attached to this document) has three chord lengths when considered as a blade blade as a whole. In the structure in which the chord length is as short as ¼ due to three through holes in the middle, the combination of the shape, suction position, and discharge position of the present invention is also different. Further, the blades are divided into four parts because there is no pressure difference and no significant lift capacity is generated.

  Patent Document 3, (FIG. 10 attached to this document) includes a double wing having a main wing 4 and a sub wing 5. . . With a lift wing having a negative angle β with respect to the air flow W2, the sub wing 5 is arranged on the wind receiving surface 6 side of the main wing 4 with a predetermined interval N1 and a predetermined deviation width N2, and Bernoulli's theorem is applied to the main wing 4 by the air flow W2. However, the sub-blade 5 has a shorter N2 section than the main wing 4 and a long flap that causes a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces at the rear edge of the sub-wing 5 is not different on the lower surface.

  In addition, since there is no long pressure shut-off flap, it cannot be separated from the high pressure area on the lower surface of the sub wing 5, and no depressurization area is generated at the discharge port, so there is no pressure change and the air flow between the main wing 4 and the sub wing 5 is difficult to escape. This is different from the principle of “Increase pressure difference between inlet and outlet to accelerate exhaust gas”. Further, since there is no reverse fluid drag utilization function due to the U-shaped shape of the inner cavity surface at the top of the blade vane tip, the structure and function are also different.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-201020   Patent publication 2008-525682   Patent Publication No. Hei 6-159222

  As mentioned above, the conventional blades are thought to be centered on drag in light winds (1.6 to 3.3 m / sec), and because they do not take advantage of lift and pressure differences, the driving force is insufficient in the longest weak wind regions. In addition, power generation efficiency is not good due to insufficient driving force in an environment where the wind speed changes frequently.

  Moreover, in the actual operation of wind power generation, the wind direction frequently changes, and the power generation function is suppressed under severe natural environments such as strong winds and storms, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency.

  Furthermore, the structure is complicated, the manufacturing cost is increased, and the long-term durability is inferior, so that the maintenance cost is high. Also, when there is a moving part that deforms the blade shape when the wind speed changes, it will be weaker, and if the shape becomes distorted, it may cause noise problems such as generating wind noise during operation, so it operates quietly and stably It is important.

As a means of efficiently obtaining energy (velocity, pressure, position) stored in the fluid, Euler's equation of motion (Equation 1) is available, and it is integrated along the streamline s as it changes with the density of the fluid ( (Expression 2), known as Bernoulli's theorem (Expression 3), acceleration is a function of flow velocity and position.
here,
p: Pressure P: Fluid density s: Streamline direction u: Flow velocity gz: Vertical component of gravitational acceleration

  As a specific means, a Kalman-Treftz type wing, which is a curved streamline with a low drag force that follows the shape of a bird's wing, creates a pressure difference from the flow velocity difference between the front and back surfaces of the wing and efficiently obtains lift. It is known.

  And there is Lagrangian method as a method of mathematically analyzing this fluid flow as particle motion, and Euler's method as a method of expressing the whole fluid path and acceleration from a bird's eye view from the height. FIG. 1 shows an example of computer fluid simulation of a Kalman-Trefts wing by this method.

  Referring to FIG. 1, each direction vector display of the flow field with respect to the Kalman-Treftz type blade (101) is indicated by streamline partial display markers (102), and the flow velocity at vertical equal intervals (A to H of 103). If the simulation process is performed with the time series intervals (105 flow order 1 to 5) arranged in the horizontal direction from the simultaneous start position, the marker position and direction are displayed as an analysis result.

  A line connecting the constant velocity positions due to the acceleration change on the blade surface is represented as a vertical streamline display marker constant velocity line (broken lines 104 to 108), and the acceleration change is visualized as a whole. As a result, the portion (112) where the interval between the constant velocity lines is close is low and the pressure is high, and the portion (113) where the interval is rough is high and the pressure is low.

  Further, the upper laminar flow line (110) is shown by connecting the stream lines on the blade surface, which is the outward thrust generated by the reaction force of the decompression lift force and the Counder effect. Also, the streamline on the backside of the blade is connected and displayed as the lower laminar streamline (111), and the flow along the concave curved surface generates a pressurized lift force by the flap (114) at the lower part of the trailing edge. Lifting force based on Bernoulli's theorem is generated from the pressure difference due to the speed difference between the blade back surface and the abdominal surface, resulting in an upward combined propulsion force (115).

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the flow velocity and pressure distribution on the back surface of the blade of FIG. Explaining this, the blade chord length direction axis (201) corresponding to FIG. 1 is represented on the X axis, the right Y axis 2 is represented by the flow velocity change curve (203) on the back of the blade with respect to the flow velocity axis (202), and the left The Y axis 1 represents the pressure change curve (205) on the back surface of the blade with respect to the pressure axis (204).

  1 corresponds to (206), and the fluid outlet position at the rear edge of the blade corresponds to (207), resulting in a large pressure difference (208) between the fluid inlet and outlet. To be emphasized.

  Next, FIG. 3 is a fluid simulation diagram of the fluid acceleration penetrating blade structure of the present invention, which is added as a completely new function by further utilizing the pressure difference (208) of FIG. Explaining this figure, in order to obtain more energy from the Kalman-Trefts airfoil blade of FIG. 1, the blade-shaped outer surface outer frames (301, 303) are utilized to make the interior hollow and the front edge (302 A hollow structure is formed in the blade to allow fluid (305) to pass through the blade to the rear rear edge of the blade.

  In detail, first, in order to make it easy to take in the fluid penetrating the inside of the blade, the leading edge (302) of the blade tip where the pressure of the fluid inlet is the highest corresponding to (206) in FIG. ) To form.

  Further, the fluid discharge port corresponds to (207) in FIG. 2 and is located away from the lower surface of the blade, so that the pressure becomes the lowest and the fluid is easily discharged by the pressure difference, and the drained fluid is utilized as a reaction force to accelerate the position. Is formed on the upper surface portion (304) of the trailing edge of the blade.

  As a result, the increase in flow velocity due to the pressure difference between the pressurized fluid at the inlet and the decompressed area at the outlet shown in (208) of FIG. 2 has the effect of the square of (Equation 3) and the absorption of the fluid passing through the blade. An acceleration blade function is formed by an acceleration effect in which the reaction force due to the increase in the amount of exhaust increases and the propulsive force of the blade is increased, and the speed increases as the pressure difference further increases.

  As described above, in addition to the decompression lift at the rear trailing edge of the blade and the pressurized lift at the abdominal surface as described above, three types of fluids are introduced by sucking out the fluid taken in the high pressure area of the blade leading edge in the decompression area above the blade trailing edge. Thus, the lift acceleration blade of the present invention having a mechanism for enhancing the natural lift rotation is configured.

  Then, a plurality of the basic lift speed increasing blades are provided around the vertical rotation shaft to constitute a vertical axis type wind turbine that is rotated by wind power in all directions of 360 degrees.

  As described above, in the vertical axis type wind turbine for wind power generation according to the present invention, fluid is supplied in the high pressure region of the blade leading edge and the decompression / pressurization lift of the front / back both sides of the blade provided around the vertical rotation shaft. Natural lift acceleration with a structure that increases exhaust power by taking in and pressure difference eliminates the need for conventional motor-assisted power, allows wind energy to be taken out more efficiently even in low wind ranges, and the natural environment where the wind direction and wind speed change frequently It will be easier to turn the generator on.

  Furthermore, in the high wind range and above, the rotational speed suppression effect works by the drag of the rear edge of the blade on the back of the blade, and it suppresses excessive voltage generation due to runaway rotation. Small wind power generators that are not damaged in the natural environment and that have a high operating rate are possible.

  The blades can be made from a variety of inexpensive materials such as light metal, FRP, and carbon fiber. If a small or medium-sized wind turbine with a simple structure is manufactured at a low cost, the entire life cycle of the product from material generation to disposal can be achieved. Energy costs are also low. In addition, from the simple power generation for home use, the rooftops of buildings such as condominiums, schools, factories, offices, the wind around the buildings, parks, grasslands, mountains, remote islands, the north side where there is no sun, and the use of three-dimensional space by vertical stacking, It can be operated day and night regardless of the weather, such as in high latitude areas.

  Furthermore, it is possible to realize a power grid-like coarse coupling co-help system with self-sustained distributed power generation that does not require enormous capital investment, continuous maintenance costs, and standby maintenance power, such as a power distribution network system. In addition, by improving and improving the familiar visual technology, it becomes an easy-to-handle energy acquisition device that is superior in terms of environmental and resource issues, safety and security.

  It is a Lagrange display simulation figure by the Euler's method in a Kalman-Trefts type wing.   It is the flow velocity and pressure distribution graph of the back surface of the braid | blade regarding this invention.   It is a fluid acceleration penetration type blade blade frame fluid simulation figure of the present invention.   It is a perspective view of the fluid acceleration penetration type blade of the present invention.   It is fluid explanatory drawing of the fluid acceleration penetration type | mold blade of this invention.   It is a perspective view of the windmill by the fluid acceleration penetration type blade of the present invention.   It is a perspective view which shows the windmill main body of the small wind power generator of patent document 1.   FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an airfoil-shaped vertical support wall having an extraction channel of Patent Document 2.   6 is a cross-sectional view of an annular body inlet blade having a bleed passage of Patent Document 2. FIG.   It is principal part sectional drawing of one Example of the windmill of patent document 3. FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 shows an external view of the lift-enhancing blade of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a fluid explanatory view of the blade, and shows the concept of the wind flow of the blade in a rotating operation state and a vector diagram of various lifts due to pressure changes, FIG. 6 shows an external view incorporating it as a rotary blade for vertical axis wind power generation.

  First, in order to realize Claim 1, the wind speed increasing blade will be described with reference to the perspective view of FIG. 4 and the fluid diagram of the blade of FIG. 5, and the leading edge (307) is rounded with a streamlined airfoil. The Kalman-Trefts type wing outer shape with the trailing edge (403) thinned, the back side (301) of the blade made convex and the abdomen side (303) turned concave and the flap (308) was raised. Form.

  Thereby, the lift force in the weak wind is increased by the angle of attack of the concave curved surface on the back surface, and the reaction force of the pressurized lift force (509) and the downwash (507) by the flap at the lower end of the trailing edge in the flow along the concave curved surface, A rotational force (511) is applied by an outward reaction force generated by the decompression lift (508) at the upper part of the trailing edge by the wind flowing along the convex surface of the back surface of the blade.

  Further, an opening (302) for taking in fluid is provided at the leading edge (307) of the blade tip where the pressure becomes higher, and the pressure reducing region (501) at the rear edge of the blade surface with low pressure penetrating the blade. By forming a hollow internal structure (402) in the blade that allows fluid to escape in the shortest time, the pressure difference between the pressurized fluid at the opening inlet (302) and the reduced pressure area (501) at the outlet (304) is effectively utilized. A blade structure having a mechanism for further promoting natural lift acceleration and rotation is realized by the third combined thrust with the reaction force of the discharged fluid (506) passing through the hollow portion in the blade.

  In addition, in order to improve the starting performance by utilizing the drag force in the weak wind, the inner cavity surface of the blade vane tip upper part is formed in the U-shaped frame (307), and the reverse fluid that flows in from the rear edge opening of the blade in the weak wind Energy (306) is easily taken out as a drag force. Further, the U-shaped frame (307) forms a blade structure with increased mechanical strength at the blade tip.

  FIG. 6 shows a vertical axis type windmill in which a plurality of fluid acceleration penetrating blades (602) according to the present invention are provided around a vertical rotating shaft (601) connected to a generator and rotated by wind force in all directions of 360 degrees. By configuring, the rotational force can be instantaneously increased for all wind directions in the horizontal direction.

  Further, at high speed rotation, the wind drag is increased by the flap (308) at the rear edge of the back surface of the blade, so that runaway rotation is suppressed and appropriate generator drive rotation is obtained. Further, the gyro effect during high-speed rotation stabilizes the attitude of the entire wind turbine and makes it difficult to be blown by strong winds.

  As environmental and energy issues, electrical energy is particularly essential not only for industry but also for the maintenance of human life. Ultimately, it is desired that it can be regenerated without causing an environmental burden on offspring and offspring. Therefore, it is possible to “create” electricity from the household level with a handy distributed small power generator, and if it spreads, the problem will gradually be reduced, and the small wind power that can improve the power generation efficiency of the present invention can be expected. Propose a power generation system.

101 Basic blade for Kalman-Trefts type wing simulation 102 Streamline display marker (displays laminar flow display vector in the flow field vertically and horizontally)
103 Vertical streamline display marker equal position number (A to H)
104 to 108 Horizontal streamline display marker constant velocity line 109 Horizontal direction streamline display marker constant velocity line number (1 to 5)
110 Blade rear laminar flow line (upper stream line display marker connecting line)
111 Blade abdominal surface laminar flow line (lower stream line display marker connecting line)
112 High pressure range (blade leading edge)
113 Low pressure range (blade rear edge)
114 Blade trailing edge flap portion 115 Composite thrust vector 201 Flow velocity and pressure distribution graph X-axis (blade model chord length direction)
202 Flow velocity and pressure distribution graph right Y axis 2 (flow velocity display)
203 Flow velocity on the back of the blade 204 Flow velocity and pressure distribution graph Left Y-axis 1 (pressure display)
205 Pressure change on the back side of the blade 206 Near the fluid inlet on the leading edge of the blade 207 Near the fluid outlet on the trailing edge of the blade 208 Pressure difference between the blade fluid inlet and the fluid outlet 301 Rear side of the leading edge of the new blade model (upper convex surface)
302 Blade leading edge fluid inlet 303 Blade abdominal surface trailing edge (lower concave surface)
304 Blade rear edge fluid discharge port 305 Blade through fluid line (indicated by bold broken line)
306 Assumed inflow line flowing backward from the trailing edge opening (indicated by a two-dot chain line)
307 Top of blade avant-garde tip (U-frame on back side)
308 Blade flap (rear edge from rear rear edge fluid outlet)
401 Blade internal reinforcing member 402 Blade internal hollow structure 403 Blade rear rear edge 501 Lift pressure reduction area 502 near blade rear rear edge fluid discharge port Lift pressure application area 503 at blade rear edge rear edge of fluid Flow 504 Fluid flow to the blade ventral surface 506 Exhaust fluid 507 sucked out from inside the blade Downwash flow (two-dot chain line)
508 Vector direction of decompression lift force on the surface 509 Vector direction 510 of pressure lift force on the back surface New blade support arm 511 New blade rotation direction 601 Rotating shaft 602 New blade

Claims (3)

  Regarding the shape of the blade to efficiently extract the energy of the fluid, the upper back surface of the blade is curved into a convex curved surface and the lower abdominal surface is curved into a concave curved surface based on a streamline with a thick leading edge and a thin trailing edge. Based on the blade shape, also called the Kalman Treffts wing, the outer surface shape is the outer frame, the inside is hollow and an opening is formed to take in fluid at the front edge. A fluid acceleration penetrating blade characterized in that a hollow structure is formed in the blade to allow fluid to escape to the trailing edge.   In the detailed structure of the blade, in order to make it easy to take in the fluid penetrating the inside of the blade, the fluid inlet is formed at the leading edge of the blade tip where the pressure is highest during flow and is easy to suck, The fluid discharge port is separated from the lower surface of the blade, and the pressure is the lowest, it is easy to discharge the fluid due to the pressure difference, and it is easy to accelerate using the discharged fluid as a reaction force. A fluid acceleration penetrating blade characterized by being formed.   The blade has a U-shaped inner cavity surface at the top edge of the leading edge of the blade in order to improve the starting performance by utilizing the drag force when the wind is weak. A fluid acceleration penetrating blade characterized in that it can easily take backflow fluid flowing from an opening as drag energy and has increased mechanical strength of the blade tip.