JP2013213089A - System for gasifying biomass fuel and system for synthesizing chemical product by using gasified gas - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system for gasifying a biomass fuel by which the components can be regulated so as to have a composition desired for synthesizing a chemical product when reforming biomass, and to provide a chemical product-synthesizing system by using a gasified gas.SOLUTION: A system for gasifying a biomass fuel includes a biomass-gasifying furnace 12 for gasifying biomass 11, a gas-refining apparatus 14 for removing smut in a formed gas 13A formed by the biomass-gasifying furnace 12, a first booster 15 for raising the pressure of a formed gas 13B after the removal of the smut, a sulfur-removing apparatus 16 for removing sulfur components in a pressure-raised gas 13C, a reformer 17 for reforming a formed gas 13D after the removal of the sulfur components, a gas component detector 19 for detecting gas components in a reformed gas 18, a first bypass line 21 for by-passing the reformer 17, flowing the formed gas 13D after the removal of the sulfur components to the downstream side of the reformer 17, and having a first control valve 20, and a controller 22 for controlling the opening degree of the first control valve 20 according to the gas composition detected by the gas component detector 19.

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass fuel gasification system and a chemical synthesis system using gasification gas.

  Biomass generally refers to organisms that can be used as energy sources or industrial raw materials (for example, agricultural products or by-products, wood, plants, etc.), and are produced by the action of solar energy, air, water, soil, etc. So it can be played indefinitely.

By using the biomass as a gasification fuel, it becomes possible to produce clean energy sources such as fuel gas and methanol. Further, since biomass as waste can be treated, it is useful for environmental purification, and newly produced biomass is also grown by fixing CO ₂ by photosynthesis. Since it does not increase CO ₂ in the atmosphere, it leads to suppression of CO ₂ , which is a preferable technique.

  Here, as the biomass to be supplied, it is preferable to supply pulverized and dried biomass produced or discarded. In the present invention, the biomass means a biological resource (for example, agricultural product or by-product, wood, plant, etc.) that can be used as an energy source or an industrial raw material. (Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

Moreover, it proposed previously about the system which gasifies and manufactures a liquid fuel using biomass (patent document 3).
The proposal of Patent Document 3 is a system that synthesizes various chemical products such as liquid fuel by gasifying biomass with steam and oxygen to generate a gas containing a large amount of hydrogen.
As a liquid fuel, for example, FT oil _{(C n H 2n + 2)} , when synthesizing such as methanol (CH ₃ OH) is biomass _{(C 1.1~1.3, H 2 O 0.8~0.9} ) product gas was used as a raw material In terms of its composition, hydrogen required for the chemical product is less than that of carbon.
Therefore, in order to efficiently synthesize chemical products, it is necessary to increase the H ₂ component in the obtained gasification gas (mainly H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ ).
For this reason, the H ₂ component in the gas is increased by a reformer (for example, a CO shift reaction catalyst or the like) of the produced gas.

JP 2001-240877 A JP 2001-240878 A JP 2008-208276 A

By the way, in order to obtain the composition necessary for chemical synthesis, it is difficult to adjust the composition to a desired composition for chemical synthesis because the reformer reforms the H ₂ and CO ratio to an equilibrium composition. There is a problem.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a biomass fuel gasification system that can be adjusted to a desired composition for chemical synthesis when reforming biomass, and a chemical synthesis system using gasification gas. This is the issue.

  1st invention of this invention for solving the subject mentioned above is a biomass gasification furnace which gasifies biomass, a gas purification apparatus which removes soot and dust in generated gas generated in the biomass gasification furnace, A first booster for boosting the product gas after dust removal, a reformer for reforming the product gas boosted by the first booster, and a reformed gas reformed by the reformer. A gas component detector that detects a gas component; and a first control valve that bypasses the reformer and causes the product gas boosted by the first booster to flow downstream of the reformer. A biomass fuel gasification system comprising: a first bypass line; and a control device that adjusts an opening of the first control valve according to a gas composition detected by the gas component detector. It is in.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the biomass according to the first aspect, wherein a CO ₂ removal device for removing CO ₂ in the reformed gas is provided between the reformer and the gas component detector. In the fuel gasification system.

According to a third invention, in the second invention, a second bypass line comprising a second control valve that bypasses the CO ₂ removal device and causes the reformed gas to flow to the downstream side of the CO ₂ removal device. The biomass fuel gasification system is characterized by comprising:

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the control device controls the first control unit so that the hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas of the reformed gas and the product gas becomes a predetermined value. In the biomass fuel gasification system, the opening degree of the first control valve is adjusted when the opening degree of the control valve is set in advance and deviates from the set range.

  In a fifth aspect based on the third aspect, the control device controls the first control valve so that the hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas of the reformed gas and the product gas becomes a predetermined value. And opening the second control valve in advance and adjusting the opening of one or both of the first control valve and the second control valve when the opening is out of the set range. It is in the featured biomass fuel gasification system.

A sixth aspect of the fifth invention, in the biomass fuel gasification system, characterized by adjusting the CO ₂ removal capacity of the CO ₂ removing device.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the biomass fuel gasification system according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, a second booster that boosts a mixed gas of the reformed gas and the product gas, and the second booster. There is provided a chemical product synthesis system using biomass fuel gasification gas, comprising a chemical product synthesis device that synthesizes a chemical product using the pressurized gas pressurized in step (b).

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it can adjust to the desired gas composition for chemical synthesis by adjusting the flow rate of the product gas which bypasses a reformer.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to the second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to a third embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to a fourth embodiment.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

A biomass fuel gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to a first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, a biomass fuel gasification system 10 </ b> A according to the present embodiment includes a biomass gasification furnace 12 that gasifies biomass 11, which is an organic fuel, for example, and a product gas generated in the biomass gasification furnace 12. A gas purifier 14 that removes dust in 13A, a first booster 15 that boosts the generated gas 13B after dust removal, and a sulfur remover 16 that removes the sulfur content in the boosted gas 13C. A reformer 17 for reforming the product gas 13D from which sulfur has been removed, a gas component detector 19 for detecting a gas component of the reformed gas 18 reformed by the reformer 17, and the reforming A first bypass line 21 having a first control valve 20 for bypassing the unit 17 and flowing the product gas 13D from which the sulfur content has been removed to the downstream side of the reformer 17, and the gas component detector 19 Detected by Depending on the composition, in which and a control unit 22 for adjusting the opening of the first control valve 20.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 30 denotes a second booster that boosts the reformed gas 18 whose gas component is adjusted, and 31 is a chemical composition synthesizer that synthesizes a chemical product using the boosted gas 32 that has been boosted by the booster 30. Is illustrated.

  Biomass in the present invention refers to biological resources that can be used as an energy source or industrial raw material (for example, agricultural products or by-products, wood, plants, etc.), and examples include sweet sorghum, napiergrass, spirulina, and the like. it can. It also includes agricultural and forestry waste such as firewood, wood scrap, and thinned wood.

In the present embodiment, a first bypass line 21 that bypasses the reformer 17 is provided, and the product gas 13D from which a predetermined amount of sulfur has been removed is caused to flow to the downstream side of the reformer 17, so that reforming is performed. The amount of reforming in the vessel 17 is adjusted.
The gas amount is adjusted by the first control valve 20 interposed in the first bypass line 21.

Prior to this adjustment, a gas component detector 19 is provided on the downstream side of the reformer 17 so as to detect the composition of the combined gas of the reformed gas 18 and the product gas 13D from which the sulfur content has been removed. Yes.
Then, the gas composition information S ₁ detected by the gas component detector 19 is sent to the control device 22, and the first control valve 20 is opened according to the composition of the predetermined hydrogen concentration required by the chemical synthesis device 31. and to perform the command S ₂ to adjust the degree. Thereby, the flow rate of the product gas 13D introduced into the reformer 17 and from which the sulfur component to be reformed is removed is adjusted to adjust the gas composition.

As an example, when synthesizing a hydrocarbon oil by FT synthesis, H ₂ / CO = 2 is set to a predetermined value requested from the synthesis catalyst side of the chemical product synthesis apparatus 31.
On the other hand, by setting a bypass amount based on a gas composition predicted in advance and passing a predetermined amount through the reformer 17, the H ₂ is increased, so that the H ₂ / CO = 2 is brought close to in advance. deep.

Then, the H _2, CO concentration measured by the gas component detector 19, if you keep the H ₂ / CO = ₂ is consistent with the request from the synthesis catalyst side of the chemical products synthesizer 31 Therefore, the current situation will be maintained.

Next, when the hydrogen concentration in the gas component detector 19 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (H ₂ / CO> 2), the control device 22 performs an operation of opening the first control valve 20.

On the other hand, when the hydrogen concentration in the gas component detector 19 is equal to or lower than a predetermined value (H ₂ / CO <2), the control device 22 performs an operation of closing the first control valve.

  As factors of the change of the reformed gas at the outlet of the reformer 17, for example, changes in properties such as the type of biomass and moisture, changes in the mixing ratio thereof, changes in the gasification conditions of the biomass gasifier 12, and the like are assumed. The

The biomass 11 is combusted and gasified in a biomass gasification furnace 12 together with a gasifying agent (steam) (not shown), and is mainly composed of hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon monoxide (CO) at a high temperature (for example, 800 to 1,100 ° C.). A product gas 13A is obtained. The produced gas 13A removes dust and tar content in the gas with a gas purification device such as a scrubber. The purified product gas 13B is boosted to a predetermined pressure by the first booster 15 and introduced into, for example, a sulfur removal device 16 filled with a sulfur removal catalyst, where the sulfur content is removed. The product gas 13D from which the sulfur content has been removed is supplied to a reformer (for example, a CO shift reaction catalyst, a reforming catalyst that decomposes hydrocarbons, etc.) 17 and gas is reformed by the catalyst using steam.

At this time, conventionally, since the gas flow rate of the product gas 13D introduced into the reformer 17 is constant, the H ₂ and CO ratio in the gas is reformed to an equilibrium composition. It was difficult to adjust the composition.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the first bypass line 21 that bypasses the reformer 17 is provided, and the first control valve 20 is interposed in the first bypass line. The change in the gas composition after reforming detected in (1) is detected, and when it is within the set range (for example, H ₂ / CO = 2), the flow rate is maintained as it is.

When the hydrogen concentration in the gas component detector 19 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value (H ₂ / CO> 2), the control device 22 performs an operation of opening the first control valve 20, and When the hydrogen concentration in the gas component detector 19 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value (H ₂ / CO <2), the control device 22 executes an operation of closing the first control valve 20.
Thereby, the reformed gas 18 in an appropriate range can always be supplied to the chemical synthesis apparatus 31.

  As a result, the hydrocarbon oil can be stably produced by the chemical synthesis apparatus 31 using the reformed gas 18 from the reformer 17.

A biomass fuel gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to the second embodiment. In addition, about the same structural member as Example 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 2, the biomass fuel gasification system 10 </ b> B according to the present embodiment includes a reformed gas between the reformer 17 and the gas component detector 19 in the biomass fuel gasification system 10 </ b> A of the first embodiment. A CO ₂ removal device 41 for removing CO ₂ in 18 is provided.

In particular, when alcohol or the like is produced by the chemical synthesis apparatus 31, it is necessary to adjust the ratio of CO ₂ .
Normally, CO ₂ in biomass gasification gas cannot be used for catalyst synthesis. However, in methanol synthesis catalyst, the reverse reaction of CO shift reaction (see the following formula (1)) occurs, so hydrogen (H _In addition to ₂ ) and CO, CO ₂ can also be used for synthesis.
H ₂ + CO ₂ → H ₂ O + CO (1)
Therefore, the ideal gas composition for methanol synthesis is H ₂ / (2CO + 3CO ₂ ) = 1 or more, and this index is generally known as a so-called “M value”.
As a result, in the methanol synthesis, the M value becomes a predetermined value requested from the synthesis catalyst side of the chemical product synthesis apparatus 31.

For this reason, in this embodiment, the CO ₂ removal device 41 is connected to the downstream side of the reformer 17. In this embodiment, a bypass line 23 is provided to bypass the reformer 17 and the CO ₂ removal device 41 so that a predetermined amount can be passed through the reformer 17 and the CO ₂ removal device 41. Yes.

The gas component detector 19 is installed after bypass joining at the bypass line 23.
Then, the gas composition information S ₁ detected by the gas component detector 19 is sent to the control device 22, and the first control valve 20 is opened according to the composition of the predetermined hydrogen concentration required by the chemical synthesis device 31. and to perform the command S ₂ to adjust the degree. Accordingly, the flow rate of the generated gas 13D to the reformer 17 and the CO ₂ removal device 41 is adjusted by the first control valve 20 in accordance with the gas composition detected by the gas component detector 19 so that the gas composition can be adjusted. Yes.

For example, in methanol synthesis, M value (H ₂ / (2CO + 3CO ₂ )) = 1 is an ideal composition on the synthesis catalyst side.
On the other hand, by adjusting the opening degree of the first control valve 20 based on the gas composition predicted in advance, the bypass amount is set, and a predetermined amount is passed through the reformer 17 and the CO ₂ removal device, whereby M The value is brought close to “1”.

Next, when the H ₂ , CO, and CO ₂ concentrations are measured by the gas component detector 19 and M = 1 is maintained, it meets the requirements from the synthesis catalyst side of the chemical synthesis device 31. Therefore, the current situation will be maintained.

Next, gasification is performed, and H ₂ , CO, and CO ₂ are measured by the gas component detector 19. If the M value <1, the first control valve 20 is closed, and the generated gas to the reformer 17 Increase the flow rate and increase the H ₂ component.

Next, gasification is performed, and H ₂ , CO, and CO ₂ are measured by the gas component detector 19. If the M value> 1, the first control valve 20 is opened, and the product gas to the reformer 17 is opened. The flow rate is decreased, the H ₂ component is decreased, and the control device 22 adjusts so as to approach the M value = 1.

Thereby, according to the present Example, by adjusting the flow rate of the product gas that bypasses the reformer 17 and the CO ₂ removal device 41, it is possible to adjust to a desired gas composition for chemical synthesis.

A biomass fuel gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to a third embodiment. In addition, about the same structural member as Example 1 and 2, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 3, the biomass fuel gasification system 10C according to the present embodiment bypasses the CO ₂ removal device 41 in the biomass fuel gasification system 10B of the _second embodiment, and the reformed gas 18 is bypassed by the CO ₂ removal device 41. A second bypass line 42 having a second control valve 43 that flows to the downstream side is provided.

Then, the gas composition information S ₁ detected by the gas component detector 19 is sent to the control device 22, and the second control valve 43 is opened according to the composition of the predetermined hydrogen concentration required by the chemical synthesis device 31. and to perform the command S ₃ for adjusting the degree. As a result, the flow rate of the reformed gas 18 supplied to the CO ₂ removal device 41 is adjusted by adjusting the second control valve 43 interposed in the second bypass line 42, and the CO ₂ removal amount is adjusted. can do.
Therefore, in addition to the control of the second embodiment, the control device 22 individually adjusts the second control valve 43 to adjust the CO ₂ removal amount so that the M value = 1. ing.

Thus, according to this embodiment, by respectively adjusting the flow rate of the product gas bypassing the reformer 17 and CO ₂ removal unit 41, it can be adjusted to the desired gas composition for chemical products synthesis.

An organic fuel gasification liquid fuel production system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a biomass fuel gasification system according to a fourth embodiment. In addition, about the same structural member as Example 2 and 3, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 4, the biomass fuel gasification system 10D according to the present embodiment changes the adjustment of the CO ₂ removal capability with respect to the CO ₂ removal device 41 in the biomass fuel gasification system 10C of the third embodiment ( For example, the operating conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.) of the CO ₂ removal apparatus are changed.

Then, the gas composition information S ₁ detected by the gas component detector 19 is sent to the control device 22, and the removal capability of the CO ₂ removal device 41 is determined according to the composition of the predetermined hydrogen concentration required by the chemical synthesis device 31. and to perform the command S ₄ to regulate. Thereby, the CO ₂ removal amount of the reformed gas 18 supplied to the CO ₂ removal device 41 can be adjusted.
Therefore, in addition to the control in the third embodiment, the control device 22 individually executes fluctuations in the operating conditions of the CO ₂ removal device 41 to adjust the CO ₂ removal amount so that the M value = 1. I try to adjust it.

Thus, according to the present embodiment, by adjusting the flow rate of the product gas bypassing the reformer 17 and the CO ₂ removal device 41, and adjusting the removal capability of the CO ₂ removal device, the chemical product synthesis Can be adjusted to the desired gas composition.

  The biomass fuel gasification system and the chemical product synthesis system using the gasification gas of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately changed within a range not departing from the gist thereof. For example, the sulfur content removing device 16 may be provided on the upstream side of the first booster 15 in addition to being provided on the downstream side of the first booster 15. Moreover, it is good also as utilizing for a biomass fuel gasification system the sulfur content removal apparatus which removes sulfur content at normal temperature, such as a wet apparatus sulfur removal apparatus.

10A to 10D Biomass fuel gasification system 11 Biomass 12 Biomass gasification furnace 13A to 13D Product gas 14 Gas purification device 15 First booster 16 Sulfur removal device 17 Reformer 18 Reformed gas 19 Gas component detector 20 First Control valve 21 first bypass line 22 control device 30 second booster 31 chemical synthesis device 41 CO ₂ removal device 42 second bypass line 43 second control valve

Claims (7)

A biomass gasification furnace for gasifying biomass;
A gas refining device for removing dust in the produced gas produced in the biomass gasification furnace;
A first booster for boosting the generated gas after dust removal;
A reformer for reforming the product gas boosted by the first booster;
A gas component detector for detecting a gas component of the reformed gas reformed by the reformer;
A first bypass line having a first control valve that bypasses the reformer and causes the product gas boosted by the first booster to flow to the downstream side of the reformer;
A biomass fuel gasification system comprising: a control device that adjusts an opening degree of the first control valve according to a gas composition detected by the gas component detector. In claim 1,
A biomass fuel gasification system comprising a CO ₂ removal device for removing CO ₂ in the reformed gas between the reformer and the gas component detector. In claim 2,
The CO ₂ removal unit bypasses, the biomass fuel gasification system and providing a second bypass line a reformed gas with a second control valve to flow to the downstream side of the CO ₂ removing device . In claim 1 or 2,
The control of the control device sets the opening of the first control valve in advance so that the hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas of the reformed gas and the product gas becomes a predetermined value,
A biomass fuel gasification system that adjusts the opening of the first control valve when it is out of a set range. In claim 3,
The control device controls the opening degree of the first control valve and the second control valve in advance so that the hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas of the reformed gas and the product gas becomes a predetermined value. Set,
A biomass fuel gasification system that adjusts the degree of opening of one or both of the first control valve and the second control valve when outside the set range. In claim 5,
A biomass fuel gasification system, wherein the CO ₂ removal capability of the CO ₂ removal device is adjusted. A biomass fuel gasification system according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
A second booster that boosts the mixed gas of the reformed gas and the product gas;
A chemical product synthesis system using biomass fuel gasification gas, comprising: a chemical product synthesis device that synthesizes a chemical product using the boosted gas boosted by the second booster.

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