JP2013209526A - Apparatus and method for producing fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing fuel improved in ignitability and combustibility by applying a new treatment to carbonized matter, thereby producing fuel utilizable to a pulverized coal combustion furnace, etc.SOLUTION: A fuel producing apparatus 100 includes: a carbonization furnace 110 producing solid carbonized matter C1 by carbonizing biomass B1; a pyrolytic furnace 130 pyrolyzing any one or both (wastes W1) of biomass and wastes to decompose by heating, and producing pyrolytic oil OR; and an impregnation unit 150 impregnating the solid carbonized matter C1 with a first pyrolytic oil OH.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method for manufacturing a fuel that can be used in a pulverized coal combustion furnace or the like.

  In recent years, instead of fossil fuels such as oil and coal, solid materials such as biomass, which is organic resources derived from living organisms such as wood, paper, firewood, seaweed, and garbage, and waste including plastics such as tire chips are used as fuel. The combustion furnace used has been developed. Such a combustion furnace is used in a boiler or the like.

  However, biomass and waste (hereinafter simply referred to as “biomass”) have a high water content and high toughness, so they are difficult to grind, and the biomass is directly introduced into the combustion furnace without any treatment. It was difficult to do. Then, the technique which reduces toughness and carbonizes easily by carbonizing biomass is disclosed (for example, patent document 1).

JP 2009-191085 A

  However, when carbonization of biomass is performed using the technique of Patent Document 1, pulverization (fine pulverization) is facilitated, but volatile substances in the biomass are released along with carbonization, and biomass after carbonization is obtained. The ignitability and flammability of the product (carbide) will decrease.

  In addition, except for some biomass such as wood, other biomass is mostly a volatile substance in the carbonization process, and the yield of the carbide is as low as less than 10 wt%, which can be used as fuel. The recovery efficiency of the minute was low.

  Therefore, in view of such problems, the present invention provides a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a fuel with improved ignitability and combustibility by performing a new treatment on carbides. It is an object.

  In order to solve the above problems, the fuel production apparatus of the present invention comprises a pyrolysis furnace that heats and decomposes one or both of biomass and waste to produce pyrolysis oil, and the pyrolysis into solid carbide. And an impregnation part for impregnating oil.

  The carbonization furnace for carbonizing biomass to produce solid carbide of biomass, and a pulverization unit for pulverizing the solid carbide impregnated with the pyrolysis oil by the impregnation unit, the impregnation unit, the carbonization You may impregnate the said pyrolysis oil in the solid carbide | carbonized_material of the said biomass produced | generated by the furnace.

  The apparatus further comprises a fractionation section for fractionating the pyrolysis oil produced in the pyrolysis furnace into a first pyrolysis oil and a second pyrolysis oil having a boiling point lower than that of the first pyrolysis oil. The impregnation unit may impregnate the solid pyrolytic material with the first pyrolysis oil as the pyrolysis oil.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, another fuel production apparatus of the present invention includes a pyrolysis furnace that generates pyrolysis oil by heating and decomposing one or both of biomass and waste, and the pyrolysis furnace. A carbonization of the biomass, and a fractionation section for fractionating the pyrolysis oil produced in step 1 into a first pyrolysis oil and a second pyrolysis oil having a boiling point lower than that of the first pyrolysis oil; A carbonization furnace for producing biomass solid carbide, an impregnation portion for impregnating the biomass solid carbide with the first pyrolysis oil, and a biomass solid carbide obtained by impregnating the first pyrolysis oil with the impregnation portion And a combustion furnace that burns one or both of the second pyrolysis oil and the carbonization furnace gas generated in the carbonization furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization furnace. Either one or both of the combustion In process is characterized by utilizing the exhaust gas generated as a heat source.

  In addition, the impregnation unit conveys the solid carbide in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of conveyance units arranged at different positions in the vertical direction, and toward the solid carbide being conveyed by the conveyance unit, The spraying unit for spraying pyrolytic oil and the solid carbide transported by the one transporting unit are sent to the next transporting unit located vertically below the one transporting unit, or sent to the outside. And a conveyance path switching unit.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the fuel production method of the present invention comprises a step of heating and decomposing either or both biomass and waste to produce pyrolysis oil, and adding the pyrolysis oil to solid carbide. And impregnating.

  Moreover, the process of carbonizing biomass and producing | generating the solid carbide | carbonized_material of biomass may be further included, and the process of impregnating the said pyrolysis oil to the said solid carbide | carbonized_material may make the said solid carbide | carbonized_material of a biomass impregnate the said pyrolysis oil.

  Moreover, the biomass carbonized at the process of producing | generating the said solid carbide | carbonized_material is good also as the yield of the carbide | carbonized_material after carbonization being higher than the biomass decomposed | disassembled at the process of producing | generating the said pyrolysis oil.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a fuel with improved ignitability and combustibility by performing a new treatment on the carbide.

It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of a fuel manufacturing apparatus. It is a figure for demonstrating the structural example of an impregnation part.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not illustrated. To do.

(Fuel production apparatus 100)
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of a fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel production apparatus 100 includes a carbonization furnace 110, a first pulverization unit 120, a pyrolysis furnace 130, a fractionation unit 140, an impregnation unit 150, and a second pulverization unit 160. And a combustion furnace 170.

  The carbonization furnace 110 carbonizes the biomass B1 to produce biomass solid carbide C1. Here, air A1 for carbonizing biomass B1 is introduced into carbonization furnace 110 together with biomass B1. In the present embodiment, the biomass B1 introduced into the carbonization furnace 110 may be biomass having a relatively high yield (for example, 10 wt% or more) of carbonized carbonized material such as wood (for example, forest land residue). Note that the biomass B1 is preferably dried before being introduced into the carbonization furnace 110.

  Carbonization of the biomass B1 by the carbonization furnace 110 can reduce the toughness of the biomass B1, and the biomass B1 (solid carbide C1) is pulverized in the first pulverization unit 120 and the second pulverization unit 160 described later. Can be easily performed.

  The first pulverization unit 120 coarsely pulverizes the solid carbide C1 generated by the carbonization furnace 110 to, for example, 1 cm or less (the solid carbide C1 after coarse pulverization is referred to as solid carbide C2). The first pulverization unit 120 coarsely pulverizes the solid carbide C1, so that the specific surface area of the solid carbide C2 can be increased, and in the impregnation unit 150 described later, the impregnation efficiency of the first pyrolysis oil OH is improved. It becomes possible.

  The pyrolysis furnace 130 is, for example, a rapid pyrolysis furnace, and heats and decomposes one or both of biomass and waste to generate pyrolysis oil OR. Here, one or both of biomass and waste (hereinafter simply referred to as waste W1) is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 130, and air A2 for thermally decomposing the waste W1 is introduced. The In the present embodiment, the biomass introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 130 may be a biomass with a relatively low yield of carbide after carbonization (for example, less than 10 wt%) excluding some biomass such as wood. The waste introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 130 is plastic or the like.

  The wastes W1 may be dried before being introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 130, and may be further coarsely pulverized (for example, 1 cm or less) after drying. By roughly pulverizing the wastes W1, the temperature rising rate in the pyrolysis furnace 130 can be increased, and as a result, the recovery rate of the pyrolysis oil OR can be improved.

  The fractionation unit 140 converts the pyrolysis oil OR generated in the pyrolysis furnace 130 into a first pyrolysis oil OH and a second pyrolysis oil OL having a boiling point lower than that of the first pyrolysis oil OH. To fractionate. Here, the boiling point of the first pyrolysis oil OH is, for example, 400 ° C. to 500 ° C.

  The pyrolysis oil OR obtained by pyrolyzing the wastes W1 in the pyrolysis furnace 130 may contain halide environmental pollutants. Since the halide has a low boiling point, the fractionation unit 140 performs fractionation of the pyrolysis oil OR and divides it into a first pyrolysis oil OH and a second pyrolysis oil OL. It becomes possible to remove environmental pollutants from the first pyrolysis oil OH utilized in the above.

  The impregnation unit 150 impregnates the solid carbide C2 with the first pyrolysis oil OH to generate a solid fuel C3. By providing the impregnation part 150, pulverization is easy, but solid carbide C2 having poor ignitability and flammability is impregnated with the first pyrolysis oil OH (volatile substance) having high ignitability and flammability. Therefore, it becomes possible to produce the solid fuel C3 with improved ignitability and combustibility.

  Further, the solid carbide C2 is impregnated with the first pyrolysis oil OH having a boiling point in a predetermined temperature range, which is obtained by fractionating the impregnation unit 150 by the fractionation unit 140, thereby causing volatility in the solid fuel C3. The boiling point of the substance can be made substantially uniform, and the properties relating to the combustion of the solid fuel C3 can be made uniform.

  The second pulverization unit 160 pulverizes the solid fuel C3 generated by the impregnation unit 150 to, for example, 100 μm or less (the solid fuel C3 after pulverization is referred to as solid fuel C4). Thereby, for example, when the produced solid fuel C4 is burned in a pulverized coal combustion furnace, the combustion efficiency can be improved.

  The combustion furnace 170 burns the second pyrolysis oil OL, the carbonization furnace gas CG generated in the carbonization furnace 110, and the first pyrolysis oil OH remaining in the impregnation unit 150 to generate combustion exhaust gas EG. . The combustion exhaust gas EG generated by the combustion furnace 170 is used as a heat source for the carbonization furnace 110 and the pyrolysis furnace 130. It should be noted that only the second pyrolysis oil OL, the carbonization furnace gas CG, and the first pyrolysis oil OH remaining in the impregnation unit 150, the amount of heat necessary for the carbonization furnace 110 and the pyrolysis furnace 130 in the combustion furnace 170. When the combustion exhaust gas EG having NO can not be obtained, auxiliary fuel such as LPG may be burned.

(Fuel production method)
Next, a fuel manufacturing method using the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 will be described. First, the carbonization furnace 110 carbonizes the biomass B1 to generate biomass solid carbide C1. Subsequently, the first pulverizing unit 120 coarsely pulverizes the solid carbide C1 generated by the carbonization furnace 110 to generate the solid carbide C2.

  On the other hand, the pyrolysis furnace 130 heats and decomposes the wastes W1 to generate pyrolysis oil OR. Subsequently, the fractionator 140 converts the pyrolysis oil OR generated in the pyrolysis furnace 130 into the first pyrolysis oil OH and the second pyrolysis having a lower boiling point than the first pyrolysis oil OH. Fractionate with oil OL.

  The impregnation unit 150 impregnates the solid carbide C2 with the first pyrolysis oil OH to generate the solid fuel C3, and the second pulverization unit 160 finely processes the solid fuel C3 generated by the impregnation unit 150. Grind to produce solid fuel C4.

  As described above, according to the fuel production apparatus 100 and the fuel production method using the same according to the present embodiment, biomass suitable for carbonization (biomass such as wood with a yield of carbide of 10 wt% or more), carbonization Biomass and waste (plastic waste with a carbide yield of less than 10 wt%) that are not suitable for the plant can be converted into fuel (solid fuel C3) efficiently by treating them separately. it can. That is, the biomass B1 suitable for carbonization is made into solid carbide by the carbonization furnace 110, and the biomass and waste (wastes W1) that are not suitable for carbonization are made into pyrolysis oil OR by the pyrolysis furnace 130, and the impregnation section 150 is made. Impregnation of the solid carbide C2 with the first pyrolysis oil OH makes it easy to pulverize the solid fuel C3 and to produce a fuel (solid fuel C3) with improved ignitability and combustibility It becomes.

(Impregnation part 150)
Next, a specific configuration of the impregnation unit 150 will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of the impregnation unit 150. 2, the impregnation unit 150 includes a plurality of transport units 152 (here, six transport units 152a to 152f), a spray unit 154, and a transport path switching unit 156 (here, five transport path switching). Parts 156a to 156e) and an unloading part 158.

  The transport unit 152 horizontally moves the solid carbide C2 (indicated by a black oval in FIG. 2) and the solid fuel C3 (indicated by a gray oval in FIG. 2) in the X-axis direction in FIG. Transport. Hereinafter, one or both of the solid carbide C2 and the solid fuel C3 are simply referred to as a solid.

  In the present embodiment, there are six transport units 152, and each transport unit 152 is arranged at a different position in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction in FIG. 2). If it demonstrates concretely, the conveyance part 152a, the conveyance part 152b, the conveyance part 152c, the conveyance part 152d, the conveyance part 152e, and the conveyance part 152f will be distribute | arranged in order from the perpendicular | vertical upper direction. The transport direction of the transport unit 152a, the transport unit 152c, and the transport unit 152e is the right direction in FIG. 2, and the transport direction of the transport unit 152b, the transport unit 152d, and the transport unit 152f is the left direction in FIG. In the present embodiment, the solid carbide C2 coarsely pulverized by the first pulverization unit 120 is dropped and conveyed to the conveyance unit 152a positioned at the uppermost vertical position.

  The spraying unit 154 is connected to the fractionation unit 140 and provided vertically above each of the transporting units 152, and sprays the first pyrolysis oil OH onto the solid matter being transported by the transporting unit 152.

  The transport path switching unit 156 is provided between the two transport units 152, and sends the solid material transported by the one transport unit 152 to the transport unit 152 at the next stage positioned vertically below the one transport unit 152. Or send to the outside.

  Specifically, taking the conveyance path switching unit 156a and the conveyance path switching unit 156e as an example, when the solid material conveyed by the conveyance unit 152a is sent to the conveyance unit 152b, the conveyance path switching unit 156a is in a standby state. Therefore, the solid material conveyed by the conveyance unit 152a does not land on the conveyance path switching unit 156a. For this reason, the solid substance conveyed by the conveyance part 152a will fall and be sent to the conveyance part 152b located in the vertically downward direction from the conveyance part 152a.

  On the other hand, when the solid material conveyed by the conveyance unit 152e is sent to the outside, the conveyance path switching unit 156e is rotated from the standby state indicated by the broken line in FIG. . Then, the solid matter that has been transported and dropped by the transport unit 152e lands on the transport path switching unit 156e before being sent to the transport unit 152f. For this reason, the solid material transported by the transport unit 152e is transported and dropped by the transport path switching unit 156e and is sent to the unloading unit 158.

  The carry-out unit 158 is transported by the transport unit 152 or the transport unit 152 and the transport path switching unit 156, and transports the dropped solid fuel C3 to the outside (second pulverization unit 160).

  As described above, with the configuration in which the impregnation unit 150 includes the conveyance path switching unit 156, the first thermal decomposition in which the solid carbide C2 is impregnated with the conveyance speed of the conveyance unit 152 and the application amount of the application unit 154 fixed. The amount of oil OH can be adjusted. Therefore, the fuel ratio (first pyrolysis oil OH / solid carbide C2) in the solid fuel C3 can be adjusted. That is, the solid fuel C3 having a fuel ratio suitable for each facility such as a furnace using fuel can be manufactured.

  For example, in a pulverized coal combustion furnace (pulverized coal boiler), it is preferable to burn coal having a fuel ratio of 1.6 to 2.0. Therefore, the solid fuel C4 suitable for combustion in the pulverized coal combustion furnace is manufactured by manufacturing the solid fuel C3 in which the first pyrolysis oil OH / solid carbide C2 is 1.6 to 2.0 in the impregnation unit 150. can do.

  Further, in the impregnation unit 150, the first pyrolysis oil to be impregnated into the solid carbide C2 by not providing the transport path switching unit 156, controlling the transport speed of the transport unit 152 with the spray amount of the spray unit 154 as a fixed value. The amount of OH may be adjusted.

  In the impregnation unit 150, the first thermal decomposition in which the solid carbide C2 is impregnated by controlling the spray amount of the spray unit 154 with the transport speed of the transport unit 152 as a fixed value without providing the transport path switching unit 156. It is also conceivable to adjust the amount of oil OH. However, since the first pyrolysis oil OH sprayed by the spraying unit 154 has a large viscosity, it is difficult to control the spraying amount. Therefore, it is preferable that the control target is the transport path switching unit 156 or the transport unit 152.

  As described above, according to the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to manufacture a fuel with improved ignitability and combustibility by performing a new treatment on the carbide.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to this embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Is done.

  For example, in the embodiment described above, the impregnation unit 150 is described by taking as an example a case where the solid carbide C2 carbonized by the carbonization furnace 110 and pulverized by the first pulverization unit 120 is impregnated with the first pyrolysis oil OH. However, the carbonization furnace 110 and the first crushing unit 120 are not necessarily required configurations. For example, solid carbide having an extremely small amount of volatile substances such as anthracite or semi-anthracite, that is, an extremely large fuel ratio, may be introduced into the impregnation unit 150 as it is, or the low-grade coal such as lignite is dried and then the impregnation unit 150 is dried. May be introduced. Thereby, it becomes possible to reform the solid carbide, such as anthracite, semi-anthracite, lignite and the like, which could not be efficiently burned in the pulverized coal combustion furnace, into a fuel with improved ignitability and combustibility.

  Moreover, although the structure provided with the fractionation part 140 was demonstrated in embodiment mentioned above, the fractionation part 140 is not necessarily required. For example, when the waste W1 that does not contain halide is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 130, the fractionation unit 140 may not be provided.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the spraying unit 154 sprays the first pyrolysis oil OH from above in the vertical direction, but it is only necessary to spray the first pyrolysis oil OH on the solid carbide C2, and there is no limitation on the spraying direction. Absent. For example, you may spread from a horizontal direction.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method that manufacture fuel that can be used in a pulverized coal combustion furnace or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Fuel manufacturing apparatus 110 ... Carbonization furnace 120 ... 1st grinding | pulverization part 130 ... Pyrolysis furnace 140 ... Fractionation part 150 ... Impregnation part 152 ... Conveyance part 154 ... Scattering part 156 ... Conveyance path switching part 158 ... Unloading part 160 ... Second grinding part (grinding part)
170 ... combustion furnace

Claims (8)

A pyrolysis furnace that heats and decomposes one or both of biomass and waste to produce pyrolysis oil;
An impregnation part for impregnating the pyrolysis oil with solid carbide,
A fuel production apparatus comprising: A carbonization furnace that carbonizes biomass to produce biomass solid carbide;
A pulverizing part for pulverizing the solid carbide impregnated with the pyrolysis oil by the impregnating part;
Further comprising
2. The fuel production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the impregnation unit impregnates the pyrolysis oil into solid biomass of the biomass generated by the carbonization furnace. The apparatus further comprises a fractionation section for fractionating the pyrolysis oil produced in the pyrolysis furnace into a first pyrolysis oil and a second pyrolysis oil having a boiling point lower than that of the first pyrolysis oil. ,
The fuel impregnation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the impregnation unit impregnates the solid carbide with the first pyrolysis oil as the pyrolysis oil. A pyrolysis furnace that heats and decomposes one or both of biomass and waste to produce pyrolysis oil;
A fractionation section for fractionating the pyrolysis oil produced in the pyrolysis furnace into a first pyrolysis oil and a second pyrolysis oil having a boiling point lower than that of the first pyrolysis oil;
A carbonization furnace that carbonizes biomass to produce biomass solid carbide;
An impregnation portion for impregnating the first pyrolysis oil into the solid carbide of the biomass;
A pulverization unit for pulverizing the solid carbide of biomass impregnated with the first pyrolysis oil by the impregnation unit;
A combustion furnace for burning one or both of the second pyrolysis oil and carbonization furnace gas generated in the carbonization furnace;
With
Either or both of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization furnace use exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace as a heat source. The impregnation part is
A plurality of transport units each transporting the solid carbide in the horizontal direction, each disposed at different positions in the vertical direction,
A spraying unit for spraying the pyrolysis oil toward the solid carbide being transported by the transporting unit;
The solid carbide transported by the one transport unit is sent to the transport unit of the next stage located vertically below the one transport unit, or a transport path switching unit for sending to the outside;
The fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: Heating and decomposing either or both biomass and waste to produce pyrolysis oil;
Impregnating the solid carbide with the pyrolysis oil;
A fuel production method comprising: Further comprising carbonizing the biomass to produce a solid carbide of the biomass;
The fuel production method according to claim 6, wherein, in the step of impregnating the solid carbide with the pyrolysis oil, the solid carbide of the biomass is impregnated with the pyrolysis oil.   The biomass carbonized in the step of generating the solid carbide has a higher yield of carbide after carbonization than the biomass decomposed in the step of generating the pyrolysis oil. Fuel production method.