JP2013203872A - Apparatus and method for producing molded carbide from biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and method for producing a carbide molded product from biomass, capable of firing a molded product without needing a fuel or a combustion device.SOLUTION: An apparatus for producing molded carbide from biomass includes: a thermal decomposition device 1 for thermally decomposing biomass to generate a solid content that is a carbide, a gas content, and a gaseous liquid content; a pulverization device 2 for pulverizing the solid content; a gas-liquid separation device 3 for separating the gas content and the gaseous liquid content into a gas content and a liquid content; a kneading device 6 for forming a kneaded material by adding pyroligneous acid of the liquid content to the pulverized solid content followed by kneading; a molding device 7 for forming a molded product by molding the kneaded material; a firing device 8 for obtaining a molded carbide product by firing the molded product. The apparatus further includes: a specific gravity separation device 4 which receives the liquid content from the gas-liquid separation device and separates the liquid content to tar and pyroligneous acid; and a combustion device 9 for combusting the tar. The specific gravity separation device 4 supplies the pyroligneous acid to the kneading device 6, and the combustion device 9 supplies the heat obtained by the combustion of the tar to the firing device 8 for firing.

Description

  The present invention relates to a molded carbide manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method for obtaining molded carbide from carbonized biomass.

  Attention has been focused on the effective use of biomass energy as a measure to prevent global warming. Biomass is a renewable, organic resource that is not a fossil resource. Biomass is a continuously renewable resource because it uses solar energy and is produced from water and carbon dioxide. Since biomass is an organic substance, carbon dioxide is emitted when it is burned. However, the carbon contained in this is derived from carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis during the growth process. Therefore, even if biomass is used, It may be considered that the amount of carbon dioxide is not increased. This property is called carbon neutral.

  In particular, among biomass, plant-derived biomass can effectively use carbon resources converted from carbon dioxide by photosynthesis during the plant growth process, and therefore does not lead to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from the viewpoint of the life cycle of the resources. Biomass derived from plants is forestry (wood scrap, sawn wood waste, thinned wood, paper waste, etc.), agriculture (rice straw, straw, sugarcane straw, rice straw, grass, oil palm oil residue, etc.), waste (food waste) , Garden trees, building waste, sewage sludge, etc.).

  In recent years, development of gas fuel and carbide by pyrolyzing biomass has been studied. The use of carbides produced from biomass as an alternative to fuel and steelmaking coke is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

  When using a carbide produced from biomass, it is often used after being processed into a molded carbide formed into a desired shape. A caking material is mixed with powdered carbide obtained by pulverizing a carbide generated by pyrolyzing biomass, molded, dried, or fired to produce a molded carbide. Starch or the like is used as the binder, but it is desired to produce molded carbide from biomass at a lower price. Patent Document 1 discloses a pyroligneous acid produced as a by-product when carbonizing organic matter containing cellulose. A technique for using a liquid product containing it as a binder is described.

  The manufacturing method of the shaping | molding carbide described in patent document 1 is supposed to pass through the process of following 1) -4).

  1) An organic substance containing cellulose is carbonized in a carbide production apparatus, and the produced carbide is sent to a mixing apparatus, and a gaseous liquid (wood vinegar liquid) and gas are sent to a wood vinegar liquid production apparatus.

  2) The gaseous vinegar liquid and gas are cooled by the vinegar liquid production apparatus and the liquid component is condensed to be gas-liquid separated, and the vinegar liquid as the liquid component is sent to the mixing device. The liquid components are wood vinegar (aqueous solution) and tar (oily component).

  3) Carbide is mixed with wood vinegar liquid as a liquid component by a mixing device, the resulting mixture is subsequently molded by a molding device, and the molded product is sent to a firing device.

  4) In the firing apparatus, the molded product is fired for 30 minutes or more in a temperature range of 50 to 200 ° C. in an inert atmosphere. As a result, acetic acid, alcohols, phenols, tar content and the like in the wood vinegar react to produce strong cohesiveness and to obtain a molded coal having sufficient strength as a product.

JP 2005-97436 A

  However, in Patent Document 1, the heat source for firing the molded product in the firing device must be obtained from the outside, for example, from a separately provided fuel combustion device. Therefore, there is a problem that the cost increases as much as the fuel and the combustion device are required separately.

  This invention makes it a subject to provide the manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of the carbonized molding from biomass which can bake a molding without separately requiring a fuel and a combustion apparatus in view of this situation.

  According to the present invention, the above-described problem is solved by the following configuration, regarding a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method of a carbonized molded product from biomass.

<Manufacturing equipment>
An apparatus for producing molded carbide from biomass according to the present invention includes a pyrolyzer that pyrolyzes biomass to produce a solid component, a gas component, and a gaseous liquid component that are carbides, and a pulverizer that pulverizes the solid component. A gas-liquid separator that cools the gas component and the gaseous liquid component to separate the gas component, the pyroligneous acid solution, and the tar-containing liquid component, and at least the pyroligneous acid solution is added to the pulverized solid component It has a kneading device that forms a kneaded product by kneading, a molding device that forms the kneaded product to form a molded product, and a firing device that fires the molded product to obtain a molded carbide product.

  In such a molded carbide manufacturing apparatus, the present invention has a specific gravity separation device that receives the liquid content from the gas-liquid separation device and separates the liquid content into tar and pyroligneous liquid, and a combustion device that burns tar. The specific gravity separation device is connected to the kneading device so as to supply the wood vinegar liquid to the kneading device, and the combustion device is connected to the calcining device so as to supply the heat obtained from the combustion of tar to the calcining device for firing. It is characterized by being.

  In this invention, it has a concentration apparatus which produces | generates a concentrated wood vinegar liquid by heating the wood vinegar liquid from a specific gravity separation apparatus between a specific gravity separator and a kneading apparatus, and a concentrated wood vinegar liquid comes to be supplied to a kneading apparatus. It is preferable to have it.

  In the present invention, the concentrating device is preferably connected to the combustion device and receives a part of the heat obtained by the combustion device as a heat source.

<Manufacturing method>
The method for producing a molded carbide from biomass according to the present invention is to pyrolyze biomass to produce a solid component, a gas component, and a gaseous liquid component that are carbides, pulverize the solid component, and a gas component and a gaseous component. The liquid component is cooled and gas-liquid separated into a gas component, a wood vinegar solution and a tar-containing liquid component, and a kneaded product is formed by adding and kneading at least the liquid component of the wood vinegar to the pulverized solid component, The kneaded product is molded to form a molded product, and the molded product is fired to obtain a molded carbide product.

  In such a molded carbide manufacturing method, in the present invention, the liquid content generated by gas-liquid separation of the gas component and the gaseous liquid component is separated into tar and pyroligneous liquid, and the tar is burned, and obtained by burning tar. It is characterized by firing with heat.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to heat the pyroligneous solution produced by the specific gravity separation of the liquid to produce a concentrated pyroligneous solution, and add the concentrated pyroligneous solution to the solid and knead.

  Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to use a part of heat | fever obtained by combustion of tar as a heat source for heating a pyroligneous acid liquid.

  According to such a manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of the present invention, a heat source required for firing a molded product of carbide from biomass can be provided by burning tar obtained from pyrolysis of biomass. No external fuel is required.

  Further, according to the present invention, if a concentrated wood vinegar solution is used for kneading the kneaded product, a dense kneaded product can be obtained, and the amount of heat required for firing and the firing time are reduced. Furthermore, the strength of the molded carbide can be increased.

  Further, in the present invention, if a part of the heat obtained by the combustion of tar is used for concentration of the wood vinegar, no external fuel or the like is required for the concentration of the wood vinegar.

  According to the present invention, a heat source required for firing a molded product of carbide from biomass can be provided by heat from combustion of tar obtained by pyrolysis of biomass, so that external fuel is used for firing. As a result, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the apparatus is easily reduced in size.

It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an input of biomass, which is thermally decomposed (carbonized) by heating the biomass in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere. It is a thermal decomposition apparatus which produces | generates a liquid part (wood vinegar liquid + tar).

  As the pyrolysis apparatus itself, various carbonization apparatuses such as a black coal kiln, a white charcoal kiln, a flat kiln, and a packed moving bed type carbonization furnace are known, but in this embodiment, any kind of carbonization apparatus may be used, Furthermore, various dry distillation apparatuses such as a retort furnace, a screw furnace, a rotary furnace, and a fluidized furnace may be used.

  The pyrolysis apparatus 1 includes various components such as acetic acids, alcohols, and phenols as the pyroligneous acid contained in the liquid component by-produced when producing carbide from biomass. These wood vinegars are used as a binder when molding and firing carbides with a molding apparatus and a baking apparatus described later.

  The pyrolysis apparatus 1 receives a solid component generated by the pyrolysis apparatus 1 and pulverizes the solid, and receives a gas generated by the pyrolysis apparatus 1 and a gaseous liquid component and receives gas. A gas component and a gas-liquid separation device 3 that generates a liquid component containing wood vinegar and tar are connected to each other by liquid separation. Connected to the gas-liquid separator 3 is a specific gravity separator 4 that receives a liquid component from the gas-liquid separator 3 and separates it with specific gravity to produce tar and wood vinegar. The specific gravity separation device 4 is connected to a concentration device 5 as a preferred form, which receives a wood vinegar liquid and concentrates it by heating.

  The pulverizing device 2 and the concentrating device 5 are connected to a kneading device 6 so that the solid content after pulverization and the concentrated wood vinegar solution are respectively supplied to the kneading device 6 and kneaded here.

  A molding device 7 and a firing device 8 are sequentially connected to the kneading device 6. On the other hand, the specific gravity separation device 4 is connected to a combustion device 9 that receives tar from the specific gravity separation device 4 and burns it, and the combustion device 9 generates heat generated by the combustion of tar from the firing device 8. In addition, the calcining device 8 and the concentrating device 5 are connected to supply a part of the heat to the concentrating device 5, respectively.

  Various devices constituting the apparatus of this embodiment will be further described.

<Crushing device>
In consideration of molding processability, filling density, and uniformity of the molded product in the molding apparatus, before the solid content after pulverization is supplied to the kneading apparatus, pulverization by a crusher, classification sieve, etc. (not shown) of the pulverizer It is desirable to adjust the particle size of the solid content by atomization, classification operation or the like. In the adjustment, a preferable average ladder diameter is about 0.5 to 1000 μm, and more preferably about 1 to 500 μm. When the average particle diameter is smaller than 0.5 μm, not only handling becomes difficult, but also the risk of dust explosion increases, and when it is larger than 1000 μm, it tends to cause a problem in moldability.

<Kneading equipment>
As a kneading apparatus, a kneading method using a conventionally known apparatus such as a stirrer, a ball mill, a kneader, or an extruder can be selected according to the properties of the mixture. Furthermore, for the purpose of further improving the physical properties of the molded carbide to be produced, components such as various binder components, solvents and thickeners, and inorganic components such as silica, alumina, titanium oxide and zeolite are added in this kneading apparatus. It is good.

<Molding device>
As the molding apparatus, a known apparatus such as a cast molding machine, an extrusion molding machine, an injection molding machine, and a molding press is used alone or in combination. Various molding apparatuses, that is, various molding methods can be selected in accordance with the shape, physical properties, or productivity of the target molded carbide.

  In this embodiment, the molding in the molding apparatus is performed at room temperature.

<Baking device>
It is possible to obtain a molded carbide excellent in strength by firing a molded product obtained by kneading and molding a carbide and a wood vinegar liquid with a firing device. The firing process in this firing apparatus is a reaction process that proceeds at about 50 to 200 ° C. By baking in the temperature range of 50-200 degreeC, reaction of the various compounds in pyroligneous liquids can be accelerated | stimulated, and more caking property can be expressed. The firing process in the firing apparatus is performed in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere to prevent oxidative combustion.

<Combustion device>
The combustion device burns tar with a burner combustor or the like, and supplies high-temperature combustion gas (combustion heat) as a heat source for the calciner and the concentrator. When supplying heat, the combustion gas may be supplied to the calcining device and the concentrating device and used as a heat source, or the combustion gas and the heat medium may be exchanged to supply the heat medium to the calcining device and the concentrating device. Good.

<Concentrator>
The concentrator heats the wood vinegar liquid to 100 ° C. or higher in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere to evaporate the water and concentrate it. The evaporated water is condensed and drained.

  According to this embodiment configured as described above, molded carbide is obtained from biomass by the following procedure.

  First, biomass is thermally decomposed by the thermal decomposition apparatus 1, and solid content, gas, and gaseous liquid content that are carbides are generated. The solid content is pulverized by the pulverizer 2 and then brought to the kneader 6. On the other hand, the gas and the gaseous liquid are brought to the gas-liquid separation device 3, for example, the gaseous liquid is condensed by being cooled, and separated into the gas (gas) and the liquid, respectively, and extracted. Is done. The liquid component contains wood vinegar and tar.

  This liquid content is brought to the specific gravity separation device 4 and separated into pyroligneous acid liquid and tar under the specific gravity difference. The wood vinegar is fed to the concentrating device 5 and the tar is fed to the combustion device 9. The wood vinegar is heated by the concentrating device 5 and concentrated by evaporation of water or the like.

  The solids pulverized by the pulverizer 2 and the pyroligneous acid solution concentrated by the concentrator 5 are brought to the kneader 6 where they are kneaded to form a kneaded product. The kneaded product is brought to the molding device 7 and molded into a predetermined shape, and the molded product is also applied to the firing device 8.

  The firing device 8 receives combustion heat from the combustion of tar from the combustion device 9, and the molded product is fired by this heat. While the combustion heat generated in the combustion device 9 is supplied to the baking device 8, a part of the combustion heat is also supplied to the concentrating device 5 to heat the wood vinegar liquid to evaporate the water and concentrate it. Thus, the molded product is fired by the firing device 8 to obtain a molded carbide as a product.

[Example]
Next, examples of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, each process was performed as the following (A)-(E), and the intensity | strength measurement of the shaping | molding carbide | carbonized_material (pellet) was performed as (F). Moreover, it confirmed also about the heat balance in a present Example.

<Manufacture of molded carbide>
(A) Carbonization of biomass The biomass was carbonized by raising the temperature to 600 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 4.1 ° C./min in an oxygen-blocking atmosphere in a thermal decomposition apparatus (carbonization furnace). As a result, 34.1% by mass of carbide and 42.2% by mass of liquid after gas-liquid separation were obtained.

(B) Separation of the wood vinegar liquid from the liquid content The liquid content obtained by the thermal decomposition apparatus was allowed to stand for one week in a cool and dark place, and the wood vinegar liquid and tar as the liquid content were separated by specific gravity. Only 30% by mass of tar was obtained.

(C) Concentration of wood vinegar The wood vinegar was concentrated in a concentrator by heating at 100 ° C. or higher in a nitrogen atmosphere. By adjusting the heating time, concentrated wood vinegar solutions like Samples 1 and 2 shown in Table 1 were obtained. The residual rate corresponds to the concentration rate.

(D) Molding Concentrated pyroligneous acid sample 1 or 2 used as a binder (binding agent) for 1 g of dried carbide is kneaded at a ratio of 0.2 g in an air at 25 to 26 ° C. in an air kneading apparatus. It was molded by a molding apparatus (die) having a diameter of 20 mm at 280 MPa in the atmosphere of ˜26 ° C. to form a cylindrical molded product (pellet) having a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 3.5 to 3.7 mm.

(E) Firing The molded product was fired in a fired heating apparatus (muffle furnace). The temperature conditions were 150 to 160 ° C. and 190 to 200 ° C., and the firing time was 5 minutes.

(F) Strength measurement The hardness of the fired molded carbide (pellet) was measured with a charcoal hardness meter, and the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.

By the above process, a molded carbide having a desired hardness could be produced. In particular,
A wood charcoal solution concentrated until the residual rate becomes 23.1% by mass is kneaded and molded into carbide, and then fired at 190 to 200 ° C. to produce a high quality molded carbide with high strength. It was confirmed.

<Heat balance>
Next, the heat balance was confirmed about the calorie | heat amount required for the concentration of the pyroligneous liquid in a present Example, and baking of a molding, and the calorie | heat amount obtained by burning the produced | generated tar.

(I) Required heat amount Heat amount required for the concentration step The sensible heat of water from 25 ° C to 100 ° C is 314 kJ / kg, and the latent heat of evaporation of water at 100 ° C is 2.26 MJ / kg.

  On the other hand, most of the wood vinegar liquid is water, but the amount of heat required to heat 1 kg of the wood vinegar liquid until, for example, the residual rate (concentration rate) as in sample 2 in Table 1 is 23.1% by mass is 1.74 MJ / kg (wood vinegar).

  The liquid content obtained from the biomass was 42.2% by mass (see (A) above), 70% of which was the wood vinegar (see (B) above), so the wood vinegar obtained from 1 kg of biomass was 0.295 kg. It becomes. Therefore, assuming that most of the wood vinegar is water, the amount of heat required to concentrate the wood vinegar obtained from 1 kg of biomass to 23.1% by mass is 514 kJ.

-The amount of heat required for the firing process The sensible heat of water from 25 ° C to 100 ° C is 314 kJ / kg, and the latent heat of evaporation of water at 100 ° C is 2.26 MJ / kg.

  The amount of heat required to raise the evaporated water vapor to 200 ° C. is 193 kJ / kg. When the specific heat capacity of the carbide is 0.84 kJ / kg · K, when the firing temperature is 200 ° C. (see (E) above), the amount of heat required to raise the carbide to 200 ° C. is 147 kJ / kg.

  The amount of heat required for the process of kneading and molding 1 kg of carbide and 0.2 kg of concentrated pyroligneous acid solution (see (D) above) and firing at 200 ° C. is 700 kJ.

  Since the carbide generated from 1 kg of biomass is 0.341 kg (see (A) above), the amount of heat required for firing the carbide generated from 1 kg of biomass is 239 (= 700 × 0.341) kJ.

  From the above, the amount of heat required in the step of concentrating the wood vinegar obtained from 1 kg of biomass and the step of firing the molded carbide is 753 (= 514 + 239) kJ.

(Ii) Combustion calorie An example of the result of elemental analysis of tar obtained by biomass carbonization is shown in Table 3 below.

  When the moisture content of tar is 30% by mass and the combustion heat (low calorific value) of tar is calculated from the element ratio analysis values shown in Table 3, the combustion heat of tar is 14.6 MJ / kg. The tar obtained from 1 kg of biomass is 0.127 kg, and the amount of combustion heat obtained by burning this tar is 1.85 MJ.

(Iii) Heat balance The amount of carbide generated from 1 kg of biomass is 0.341 kg, and the amount of heat required for concentrating the amount of pyroligneous liquor necessary for molding 0.341 kg of carbide and firing the molded product is 753 kJ. The tar generated from 1 kg of biomass is 0.127 kg, and the combustion heat of 0.127 kg of tar is 1.85 MJ. I can cover it. Furthermore, there will be an extra 1.10 MJ combustion heat per kg of biomass.

  In this way, the pyroligneous acid solution and tar are separated, the pyroligneous acid solution is mixed with powdered carbide, the carbide is molded, and the combustion heat obtained by burning the tar can be used as a heat source for the pyroligneous acid concentration and molding carbide firing. .

  In addition, excess tar combustion heat can be used for other processes.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Thermal decomposition apparatus 2 Crushing apparatus 3 Gas-liquid separation apparatus 4 Specific gravity separation apparatus 5 Concentration apparatus 6 Kneading apparatus 7 Molding apparatus 8 Firing apparatus 9 Combustion apparatus

Claims (6)

A pyrolyzer that pyrolyzes biomass to produce a solid component, a gas component, and a gaseous liquid component as a carbide, a pulverizer that pulverizes the solid component, and a gas by cooling the gas component and the gaseous liquid component A gas-liquid separator that separates the liquid into a vinegar liquid and tar-containing liquid; a kneading apparatus that forms a kneaded product by adding at least the wood vinegar liquid to the pulverized solid and kneading; and kneading In a molded carbide manufacturing apparatus having a molding device for forming a molded product by molding a product and a firing device for firing the molded product to obtain a molded carbide product,
A specific gravity separation device that receives the liquid content from the gas-liquid separation device and separates the liquid content into tar and pyroligneous liquid; and a combustion device that burns tar; Connected to the kneading device so as to supply, wherein the combustion device is connected to the calcining device so as to supply the heat obtained by the combustion of tar to the calcining device for firing. Molded carbide manufacturing equipment.   Between the specific gravity separation device and the kneading device, there is a concentration device that heats the wood vinegar liquid from the specific gravity separation device to produce a concentrated wood vinegar solution, and the concentrated wood vinegar solution is supplied to the kneading device; The manufacturing apparatus of the shaping | molding carbide | carbonized_material from the biomass of Claim 1 to do.   The apparatus for producing molded carbide from biomass according to claim 2, wherein the concentrating device is connected to the combustion device and receives a part of heat obtained by the combustion device as a heat source. Biomass is pyrolyzed to produce a solid component, a gas component, and a gaseous liquid component, and the solid component is pulverized. The gaseous component and the gaseous liquid component are cooled to cool the gaseous component, the wood vinegar solution, and tar. Gas-liquid separation into contained liquid content, kneaded product is formed by adding and kneading at least liquid pyroligneous liquid to the pulverized solid content, forming the molded product by molding the kneaded product, molded product In the molded carbide manufacturing method in which the molded carbide product is obtained by baking
Molded carbide from biomass, characterized in that the liquid content generated by gas-liquid separation of the gas-liquid mixture is separated into tar and pyroligneous liquid, the tar is burned, and calcined with the heat obtained by burning the tar Manufacturing method.   The production of molded carbide from biomass according to claim 4, wherein the pyroligneous liquid produced by the specific gravity separation of the liquid is heated to produce a concentrated pyroligneous liquid, and the concentrated pyroligneous acid is added to the solid and kneaded. Method.   The method for producing a molded carbide from biomass according to claim 5, wherein a part of heat obtained by burning tar is used as a heat source for heating the pyroligneous acid solution.

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