JP2013202708A - Processing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a precision processing machine which reduces remaining vibration when performing relative positioning between a workpiece and a drill.SOLUTION: A translation guide 35 is disposed between an upper plate 33 for fixing a bed and a lower plate 32 installed on a floor surface, thus the bed is movable in a movement direction (X-axis direction) of a table, and supported with low rigidity. Between the translation guide 35 and the upper plate 33, an elastic body 41 and a damper 42 are interposed, and by adjusting spring constant or damping force thereof, support rigidity of the bed is adjusted.

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing machine that processes a workpiece such as a printed circuit board, and more particularly to a support structure that supports the processing machine.

  In general, a printed circuit board processing machine is known in which a drill and a printed circuit board (workpiece) are relatively positioned and the printed circuit board is processed by the drill. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the printed board processing machine 1 includes a bed 2 that is a base of the apparatus, and a table 3 on which the printed board is placed and movable in the X direction. A slide plate 5 that is movable in the Y direction, and a processing portion 7 that is supported by the slide plate 5 so as to be movable in the Z direction and has a spindle 8 that rotates a drill 6 at the lower end thereof. After the table 3 and the slide plate 5 are driven in the XY-axis direction by the X-axis drive unit 9 and the Y-axis drive unit 10 respectively, and the processing unit 7 is positioned with respect to the printed circuit board, the spindle 8 is driven in the Z-axis direction. The part 11 descends in the Z direction, and the drill 6 performs drilling on the printed circuit board. The X, Y, and Z directions are as shown in the drawing.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the bed 2 is screwed with a leveling bolt 13 so that the front end of the leveling plate 12 is placed on the floor surface so that the upper surface of the bed 2 is horizontal. After the adjustment, the leveling bolt 13 is fixed by the nut 15 and installed on the floor surface. Thus, by supporting the printed circuit board processing machine 1 with high rigidity, the machine table vibration generated when the table 3 or the slide plate 5 is driven is carried.

  Also, conventionally, there is a machine tool support device that supports a bed with high rigidity by screwing a plurality of fastening bolts that are provided through a bed without fixing leveling bolts (adjustment bolts) with a nut to a leveling plate. Has been devised (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2010-228057 A

  The printed circuit board processing machine 1 and the machine tool support device described in Patent Document 1 have high support rigidity, but the machine table vibration generated by the driving reaction force of the table 3 and the slide plate 5 on the bed 2 is It cannot be suppressed completely, and the machine base vibration becomes a residual vibration in the positioning operation of the workpiece and the processing part, and there is a possibility that the processing accuracy of the machine is lowered.

  Further, in an environment where the floor rigidity is low, the floor rigidity is lower than the rigidity of the support device, and machine stand vibration and residual vibration are generated.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a processing machine that solves the above-described problems by supporting the bed on the floor surface with low rigidity with respect to the moving direction of the table or the slide plate, and reducing the influence of machine vibration on the positioning operation. Is intended to provide.

The present invention provides a bed (2) supported on a plurality of leveling units (22) installed on a floor surface, and is supported on the bed (2) so as to be movable in a first direction, and a work is placed thereon. And a slide plate (5) having a processing part (7) that is supported by the bed (2) so as to be movable in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and that processes the workpiece. In a processing machine (21 ₁ , 21 ₂ ) that moves the table (3) and the slide plate (5) relatively, positions a processing position, and processes the workpiece,
For example, referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the leveling unit (22) includes a lower plate (32) installed on the floor surface, an upper plate (33) fixed to the bed (2), and A linear motion guide (35) disposed between the lower plate (32) and the upper plate (33) and movable in at least one of the first direction and the second direction. The bed (2) can be moved in the moving direction with respect to the floor surface and supported with low rigidity.

  For example, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, an elastic body (41) that extends and contracts in the moving direction of the linear motion guide (35) is interposed between the lower plate (32) and the upper plate (33). It becomes.

  For example, referring to FIG. 5, the natural frequency in the moving direction of the linear motion guide (35) of the bed (2) supported by the leveling unit (22) is such that the bed supported by a rigid body on the floor surface. The rigidity of the elastic body (41) is set to be 0.2 times or less as compared with the natural frequency.

  For example, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a damper (42) that attenuates the movement of the linear motion guide (35) in the moving direction is interposed between the lower plate (32) and the upper plate (33). Do it.

  A brake for braking the movement of the linear motion guide (35) in the moving direction may be interposed between the lower plate (32) and the upper plate (33).

For example, referring to FIG. 6, a control device (45) capable of variably controlling the support rigidity of the bed (2) by the leveling unit (22) is provided.
The control device (45) adjusts the support rigidity each time the table (3) or the slide plate (5) moves.

  For example, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the lower plate (32) is installed so that the angle can be adjusted with respect to the floor surface.

For example, referring to FIG. 6, an operation unit (49) for operating the processing machine (21 ₂ ) is provided in a place different from the bed (2) on the floor surface.

  For example, referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the linear motion guide (35) is arranged to be movable in the first direction.

  The linear motion guide (35) may be configured to be movable in the second direction.

The linear motion guide is (35) a first linear motion guide arranged to be movable in the first direction, and a second linear motion guide arranged to be movable in the second direction. Have
You may comprise so that the said 1st linear motion guide and the said 2nd linear motion guide may be piled up in the direction orthogonal to the said 1st direction and the said 2nd direction.

  In addition, although the code | symbol in the said parenthesis is for contrast with drawing, it does not have any influence on description of a claim by this.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the bed of the processing machine can be moved in the moving direction of the table or the slide plate and is supported with low rigidity, so that the natural frequency in the moving direction of the bed is lowered. Thereby, the bed and the table or the slide plate vibrate almost integrally, and the residual vibration during the positioning operation of the table or the slide plate is reduced, so that processing can be performed with high accuracy. Further, even when the floor rigidity is low, the bed and the table or the slide plate vibrate almost integrally, so that the residual vibration during the positioning operation can be reduced.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the elastic body extending and contracting in the moving direction of the linear motion guide is interposed between the lower plate and the upper plate, the elastic body is supported while supporting the bed with a predetermined low rigidity. The bed can be placed at the reference position by the biasing force.

  According to the present invention of claim 3, the rigidity of the elastic body is set so that the natural frequency of the bed is 0.2 times or less than the natural frequency of the bed supported by the rigid body on the floor surface. Therefore, the natural frequency in the moving direction of the bed table or the slide plate is lowered, and the bed and the table vibrate substantially integrally, and the residual vibration during the positioning operation can be effectively reduced.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the damper is arranged, the movement of the linear motion guide in the moving direction can be attenuated to reduce the residual vibration during the positioning operation.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the brake is disposed, the movement of the linear motion guide in the moving direction can be attenuated with a simple configuration.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the support rigidity of the bed can be adjusted according to processing, when high precision processing is required, the bed support rigidity is adjusted to be low and processing is performed with high precision. When accuracy is not required, the vibration of the bed can be reduced by adjusting the bed so that the support rigidity is increased.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the linear motion guide can be adjusted to be horizontal by adjusting the angle of the lower plate with respect to the floor surface.

  According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the operation unit is installed at a place different from the bed on the floor surface, the operation unit is prevented from vibrating with the bed and the operability of the processing machine is maintained. be able to.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the linear motion guide is movably disposed in the first direction which is the moving direction of the table, the residual vibration during the positioning operation of the table can be reduced.

  According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the linear motion guide is movably disposed in the second direction that is the moving direction of the slide plate, residual vibration during the positioning operation of the slide plate can be reduced.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the residual vibration during the positioning operation of both the table and the slide plate.

The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the printed circuit board processing machine which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the leveling unit which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. It is a figure which shows the magnitude | size of the residual vibration in the positioning operation | movement of the table of a printed circuit board processing machine, Comprising: (a) is a figure which shows the difference of a position command and a position response, (b) And (c) is the partially expanded view. (B) shows a conventional printed board processing machine, and (c) shows a printed board processing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The figure which shows the relationship between the natural frequency and the magnitude | size of a residual vibration at the time of positioning operation of the machine stand vibration (of a bed) of the printed circuit board processing machine which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the printed circuit board processing machine which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The flowchart which shows operation | movement of the printed circuit board processing machine which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the conventional printed circuit board processing machine. The enlarged view of the support part to the floor.

Hereinafter, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same parts as those in FIGS. 8 and 9 will be described with the same reference numerals. The printed circuit board processing machine 21 ₁ (processing machine) has a bed 2 supported by a plurality of leveling units 22 (described later) installed on the floor surface, and an X-axis guide rail provided on the bed 2. 23, the table 3 is supported so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (first direction). The table 3 is driven by the X-axis drive unit 9 via the X-axis feed screw 25, and the position in the X-axis direction is measured by the linear scale 26 arranged on the bed 2. A printed circuit board (work) (not shown) is placed on the table 3.

  A gate-shaped column 27 is fixed to the bed 2 so as to surround the table 3, and a Y-axis guide rail 29 is fixed to one side of the column 27. A slide plate 5 is guided and supported on the Y-axis guide rail 29 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (second direction). The slide plate 5 is driven by a Y-axis via a Y-axis feed screw 30. Driven by the unit 10, the position in the Y-axis direction is measured by a linear scale (not shown). Six processing parts 7 are arranged on the slide plate 5 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis drive part 11. The processing section 7 has a spindle 8 that is rotated by an electric motor. A drill 6 is attached to the lower end of the spindle 8 so that the printed circuit board on the table 3 positioned at the processing position can be processed. Yes. In FIG. 1, the XYZ axes are orthogonal to each other, and the Z-axis direction (the vertical direction) is a direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the XY axes.

  2 and 3, the leveling unit 22 includes a lower plate 32 installed on the floor, an upper plate 33 fixed to the bed 2, and the lower plate 32 and the upper plate 33. And a linear motion guide 35 disposed therebetween.

  The bed 2 has a plurality of recesses 2a formed on the side surface thereof, and a tip of a leveling bolt 13 screwed downward from the recesses 2a is formed on a top surface of the upper plate 33. A conical receiving portion 33a. The bed 2 is supported by the upper plate 33. The leveling bolt 13 can be locked by a nut 15 after the leveling bolt 13 is moved forward and backward so that the upper surface of the bed 2 is adjusted to be horizontal.

  The lower plate 32 includes a floor surface side plate 36 placed on the floor surface and a support plate 37 placed on the floor surface side plate 36. The floor surface side plate 36 has a thin plate shape, and a cylindrical concave surface 36a is formed on the upper surface thereof, and female screws 36b are formed in the vicinity of both end portions thereof. The support plate 37 has a lower surface formed with a convex surface 37c that engages with the cylindrical concave surface 36a of the floor surface side plate 36, and a through hole 37d so as to be positioned above the female screw 36b. Further, an edge portion 37a is formed on the upper surface of the support plate 37 so as to protrude upward, and a substantially rectangular storage portion 37b is formed by the edge portion 37a. A guide rail 39 is fixed on the upper surface of the storage portion 37b in the X-axis direction, which is the same as the moving direction of the table 3, and a guide slider 40 fitted to the guide rail 39 is provided on the upper plate 33. It is fixed. The guide slider 40 is fitted to the guide rail 39 to constitute the linear guide 35 that guides the bed 2 fixed to the upper plate 33 movably in the X-axis direction (first direction). Yes.

  The floor plate 36 and the support plate 37 are engaged with the concave surfaces 36a and 37c to adjust the angle of the support plate 37 so that the guide rail 39 of the linear guide 35 is horizontal. In this state, the fixing bolt 43 penetrating the through hole 37d is screwed into the female screw 36b and fixed.

  Between the upper plate 33 and the support plate 37, a spring 41 (elastic body) that expands and contracts in the moving direction (X-axis direction) of the linear guide 35 and the moving direction (X-axis direction) of the linear guide 35 ) Is interposed between the damper 42 and the damper 42. By adjusting the spring constant of the spring 41, the support rigidity in the X-axis direction that is the moving direction of the table 3 of the bed 2 can be adjusted.

  The spring 41 and the damper 42 are schematically drawn as models, and the spring 41 may be a compression metal spring, a tension metal spring, rubber, a synthetic resin, or a composite thereof. Any elastic body may be used. The damper 42 only needs to have a function of damping the elastic force (or a function of braking the movement of the linear motion guide 35 in the moving direction) such as a hydraulic damper, a sliding damper such as a brake, and the like. A single member provided with an elastic body and a damper function such as attenuating the elastic force by hysteresis due to deformation of the body may be used.

Next, the printed board machining apparatus 21 ₁ of the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. When the table 3 is moved and positioned in the X-axis direction, the position response is delayed with respect to the position command and reaches the target position as shown in FIG. In the case of a conventional printed circuit board processing machine, the table 3 is movably supported by an X-axis guide rail 23 provided on the bed 2 and fixed at a target position by an X-axis feed screw 25. 25, the rigidity in the X-axis direction is not so great as to completely restrain the table 3 and the bed 2, so that when the machine table vibration occurs in the bed 2 due to the driving reaction force during the positioning operation of the table 3, Vibration is also generated between the table 3 and the bed 2, and as a result, residual vibration as shown in FIG. 4B appears.

  Here, the relationship between the natural frequency of machine vibration in the bed 2 and the magnitude of residual vibration during the positioning operation of the table 3 will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram summarizing the simulation results of residual vibration during the positioning operation of the table 3 when the support rigidity (natural frequency) in the X-axis direction of the bed of the printed circuit board processing machine is changed. The axis indicates the natural frequency of the machine base vibration in the bed 2, and the vertical axis indicates the magnitude of the residual vibration. Further, both the vertical axis and the horizontal axis are normalized to 1 as a simulation result when the floor is rigidly supported on the bed as in a conventional printed circuit board processing machine.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when the support rigidity of the bed 2 is improved and the natural frequency of the machine base vibration is improved (rightward on the horizontal axis), the residual vibration is reduced. This is because the machine vibration of the bed 2 is reduced due to the improvement of the support rigidity, and the influence on the positioning operation of the table 3 is also reduced. Further, in the case of a conventional printed circuit board processing machine, when the support rigidity is lowered and the natural frequency of the machine base vibration is lowered (leftward in the horizontal axis), the residual vibration is increased. This is because the machine table vibration of the bed 2 is increased due to the lowering of the support rigidity, and the influence on the positioning operation of the table 3 is also increased. However, when the natural frequency of the machine base vibration is reduced to about 0.5 times or less as compared with the conventional printed circuit board processing machine, the residual vibration starts to decrease. This is because the machine vibration of the bed 2 itself increases, but the difference in support rigidity (natural frequency) between the bed 2 and the table 3 in the X-axis direction increases, and the bed 2 and the table 3 in the machine vibration vibrate. This is because the relative displacement difference becomes smaller. That is, since the bed 2 and the table 3 vibrate substantially integrally even when machine base vibration occurs, the influence of the machine base vibration on the positioning operation of the table 3 can be reduced.

  When the natural frequency of the machine base vibration of the bed 2 is reduced to about 0.2 times or less as compared with the conventional printed board processing machine, the residual vibration becomes smaller than that of the conventional printed board processing machine. Accordingly, the spring constant of the spring 41 is 0.2 times the natural frequency of the machine base vibration of the bed 2 compared to the natural frequency of the bed of the conventional printed circuit board processing machine supported by a rigid body on the floor surface. It preferably has a spring constant such that: Further, a spring constant is preferable so that the natural frequency of the machine base vibration is 0.1 times or less that of a conventional printed board processing machine. By setting the spring constant in this way and supporting the bed 2 with low rigidity in the X-axis direction, which is the moving direction (first direction) of the table 3, as compared with FIG. As shown in FIG. 4C, the residual vibration of the position response is reduced, and the printed circuit board can be processed with high accuracy.

  Next, the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In the printed circuit board processing machine 21 ₂ (processing machine) to which this embodiment can be applied, as shown in FIG. 6, the damper 42 has a variable damping force, and the damping force of the damper 42 is controlled by the control device 45. Thus, the support rigidity (natural frequency) of the bed 2 can be varied. The X-axis drive unit 9, the Y-axis drive unit 10, and the Z-axis drive unit 11 are also driven and controlled by the control device 45. Instead of adjusting the damping force of the damper 42, the stiffness of the spring 41 may be variable and the stiffness of the spring 41 may be controlled by the control device 45.

Another place a bed 2 on the floor, a cooling device 46 for cooling the spindle 8, the base 47 is installed, on該土stand 47, an operation unit 49 for operating the printed board machining apparatus 21 ₂ Is placed. The control device 45 may be installed anywhere such as on the base 47 or the bed 2.

Next, the control by the controller 45 during the positioning operation of the printed board machining apparatus 21 ₂ Table 3 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  First, in step S1, it is determined for each movement whether accuracy is required for the next positioning operation. That is, if the next positioning operation involves machining such as drilling, it is determined that the positioning operation requires high accuracy, and the setup operation such as return to the origin at the start-up of the apparatus or replacement of the printed circuit board or drill 6 to be processed is performed. If it is a positioning operation for the purpose, it is determined that the positioning operation does not require accuracy. Further, whether or not accuracy is necessary may be determined based on the size of the hole diameter to be machined or the moving distance during the positioning operation, and it may be possible to describe whether or not the positioning operation requires accuracy in the machining program.

  If it is determined in step S1 that the positioning operation requires accuracy (YES), the process proceeds to step S2, and the damping force of the damper 42 is set so that the bed 2 is supported with low support rigidity in the X-axis direction. adjust. That is, the space between the lower plate 32 and the upper plate 33 is released (the connection is loosened), and the positioning operation of the table 3 is performed in step S4. At this time, in order to support the bed 2 with low rigidity, machine bed vibration is generated in the bed 2 as in the first embodiment described above, but the bed 2 and the table 3 vibrate almost integrally. Therefore, the influence on the positioning operation of the table 3 can be reduced, and a highly accurate positioning operation can be realized.

If it is not determined in step S1 that the positioning operation requires accuracy (NO), the process proceeds to step S3, and the damping force of the damper 42 is adjusted so as to support the bed 2 with high support rigidity in the X-axis direction. To do. That is, the lower plate 32 and the upper plate 33 are fixed (hardened), and the positioning operation of the table 3 is performed in step S4. At this time, in order to support the bed 2 with high rigidity, the machine vibration caused by the movement of the table 3 is reduced. Further, even if the printed board machining apparatus 21 ₂ is not operating, by controlling similarly to step S3, inadvertently bed 2 at rest can be prevented from being vibrated.

  The linear motion guide 35 is installed not in the moving direction of the table 3 (X-axis direction) but in the moving direction of the slide plate 5 (Y-axis direction) to reduce the residual vibration of the slide plate 5 in the Y-axis direction. You may plan. Further, the linear motion guide 35 can be moved in the movement direction (second direction) of the first linear motion guide arranged to be movable in the movement direction (first direction) of the table 3 and the slide plate 5. A second linear motion guide arranged, and the first linear motion guide and the second linear motion guide are arranged so as to overlap each other in a direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. Also good.

  Further, the concave surface 36a of the floor surface side plate 36 and the convex surface 37c of the support plate 37 may be spherical instead of cylindrical. In that case, it is possible to correct the inclination of the guide rail 39 other than the moving direction and install it. Further, only one or both of the spring 41 (elastic body) and the damper 42 interposed between the lower plate 32 and the upper plate 33 may be omitted. In this case, the movement of the upper plate 33 is restricted by the shock absorbing damper or the stopper at the end where the upper plate 33 is moved by being guided by the linear guide 35.

  Two or more guide sliders 40 may be fitted to one guide rail 39. Further, the tool mounted on the spindle 8 may be not only a drill, but also an end mill or an external tool. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the spindle but may be applied to other processing machines such as a processing machine provided with a laser oscillator. Is possible. Moreover, it can apply to various processing methods, such as a drilling process and an external shape process, and a workpiece | work is not limited to a printed circuit board.

2 Bed 3 Table 5 Slide plate 7 Processing part 21 ₁ , 21 ₂ Printed circuit board processing machine (processing machine)
22 Leveling unit 32 Lower plate 33 Upper plate 35 Linear motion guide 41 Spring (elastic body)
45 Control device 49 Operation unit

Claims (11)

A bed supported on a plurality of leveling units installed on the floor, a table supported on the bed so as to be movable in a first direction and capable of placing a work, and the first direction on the bed And a slide plate having a machining portion for machining the workpiece, and relatively moving the table and the slide plate to position the machining position, and In processing machines that process workpieces,
The leveling unit is disposed between the lower plate installed on the floor, the upper plate fixed to the bed, the lower plate and the upper plate, and the first direction and the second plate. A linear motion guide that is movable in at least one of the moving directions, and supports the bed with respect to the floor surface with low rigidity by being movable in the moving direction.
A processing machine characterized by that. Between the lower plate and the upper plate, an elastic body that expands and contracts in the moving direction of the linear motion guide is interposed,
The processing machine according to claim 1. The natural frequency in the moving direction of the linear motion guide of the bed supported by the leveling unit is 0.2 times or less than the natural frequency of the bed supported by a rigid body on the floor surface. Set the rigidity of the elastic body,
The processing machine according to claim 2. Between the lower plate and the upper plate, a damper that attenuates the movement of the linear motion guide in the moving direction is interposed.
The processing machine according to claim 1. Between the lower plate and the upper plate, a brake for braking the movement of the linear motion guide in the moving direction is interposed.
The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A control device capable of variably controlling the support rigidity of the bed by the leveling unit;
The control device is configured to adjust the support rigidity for each movement of the table or the slide plate.
The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The lower plate is installed so that the angle can be adjusted with respect to the floor surface.
The processing machine according to claim 1. An operation unit for operating the processing machine is provided at a place different from the bed on the floor surface.
The processing machine according to claim 1. The linear motion guide is arranged to be movable in the first direction.
The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The linear motion guide is arranged to be movable in the second direction.
The processing machine according to claim 1. The linear motion guide has a first linear motion guide arranged to be movable in the first direction, and a second linear motion guide arranged to be movable in the second direction,
The first linear motion guide and the second linear motion guide are arranged so as to overlap in the direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction,
The processing machine according to claim 1.

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