JP2013202693A - Gear cutting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gear cutting machine in which tool replacement is easily performed without degrading mechanical rigidity.SOLUTION: A gear cutting machine which performs gear cutting on a workpiece 70 by a hob arbor set 60, by controlling rotation of the workpiece 70 and cutting/feeding to the hob arbor set 60, includes a work table 21 for rotating the workpiece 70 around a workpiece rotation axis C, a hob slide 16 which rotatably supports the hob arbor set 60 in an opening part 16a and is supported movably in X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, and a rotary loader device 40 which is rotatably supported around a loader rotation axis W, on the opposite side of the hob slide 16 across the work table 21, and has a hob holding member 43 for holding the hob arbor set 60. By controlling movement of the hob slide 16 and rotation of the rotary loader device 40, replacement of the hob arbor set 60 is automatically performed between the opening part 16a and the hob holding member 43.

Description

  The present invention relates to a gear processing machine having an automatic tool changing function, and more particularly to a hobbing machine capable of automatically changing a hob cutter with a hob head.

  Gears are used in all industrial equipment as important component parts for power transmission, and there are a wide variety of types. In the recent gear machining field, in addition to the conventional demand for high-efficiency machining of high-precision gears, gear machining at low cost is particularly demanded.

  In recent years, in order to realize such cost reduction of gear products and gear processing machines, for example, review of gear processing processes, reduction of processing time, unmanned operation, work change time, tool change time, etc. Automation to reduce time is being attempted.

  In view of this, various hobbing machines that automatically perform hob cutter exchange between the hob spindle and the tool magazine have been provided. Such hobbing machines are disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1. ing.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-1133

  Here, generally, in the hobbing machine, the hob cutter is mounted in the opening of the hob head. As a result, the hob head has a shape in which the rigidity of the hob head itself, that is, the mechanical rigidity is liable to be lowered. Therefore, the opening length of the opening is made as short as possible to prevent the mechanical rigidity from being lowered. ing.

  When the operator replaces the hob cutter with respect to such a conventional hobbing machine, the tool can be changed without any inconvenience by inserting and removing the hob cutter while tilting it appropriately. However, when the hob cutter is automatically replaced with respect to the conventional hobbing machine, the hob cutter must be put in and out with the opening facing the opening, and the opening length is increased. It was necessary to modify either the hob cutter or the length of the hob cutter.

  Further, the inner wall surface forming the opening of the hob head is often formed in an arc shape along the outer periphery of the hob cutter. Thus, when a configuration in which the hob cutter is attached to and detached from the opening of the hob head as in the conventional hobbing machine from above and below is adopted, when the hob cutter is attached and detached, the hob cutter and the arc-shaped inner wall surface described above are used. May come into contact.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gear processing machine that can easily perform automatic tool change without reducing machine rigidity.

A gear processing machine according to a first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows.
In a gear processing machine for cutting a gear to be processed by the rotary tool by controlling rotation of the gear to be processed and cutting and feeding with respect to the rotary tool,
A rotary table for rotating the workpiece gear around the gear rotation axis;
The rotary tool supports the rotary tool rotatably in an opening portion that opens to the rotary table side, and the rotation intersects the cutting direction that is the radial direction of the gear to be processed, the feeding direction that is the gear rotation axis direction, the cutting direction, and the feeding direction. A movable body supported so as to be movable in the tool rotation axis direction of the tool;
Rotating body for loader having a tool holding part that holds the rotating tool, and is supported on the opposite side of the moving body across the rotating table and rotatably about a loader rotating shaft that is parallel to the gear rotating shaft. When,
By controlling movement of the moving body in the cutting direction, feed direction, and tool rotation axis direction and rotation of the loader rotation body around the loader rotation axis, the gap between the opening and the tool holding section is controlled. And a tool change control means for automatically changing the rotary tool.

A gear machining machine according to a second invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows.
The tool change control means includes
Based on the shape of the rotary tool, set the machine side track of the opening and the tool side track of the rotary tool,
The movement of the moving body is controlled so that the opening passes on the machine side track, and the rotation of the loader rotating body is controlled so that the rotary tool passes on the tool side track. It is characterized by that.

  Therefore, according to the gear processing machine of the present invention, the opening formed in the moving body by controlling the movement of the moving body in the three orthogonal axes and the rotation of the loader rotating body around the loader rotation axis. And the tool holder provided in the loader rotating body automatically exchange the rotating tool, whereby the opening length in the tool rotation axis direction at the opening can be shortened. Thereby, automatic change of a tool can be performed easily, without reducing mechanical rigidity.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a hobbing machine as a gear processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of a cutter head. It is a front view of a hob arbor set. It is a top view of a counter column. It is the figure which showed the automatic tool change operation | movement when mounting a hob arbor set in the opening part of a hob head. It is the figure which showed the automatic tool change operation | movement following FIG. It is sectional drawing in the ZX plane containing the loader rotating shaft in FIG. It is the figure which showed the automatic tool change operation | movement following FIG. It is sectional drawing in the ZX plane containing the loader rotating shaft in FIG. It is the figure which showed the automatic tool change operation | movement following FIG.

  Hereinafter, a gear processing machine according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the embodiments described below, a case where the gear machining machine according to the present invention is applied to a hobbing machine will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a bed 11 is provided at a lower portion of a hobbing machine 1 as a gear processing machine, and a column 12 is movable on the bed 11 in a horizontal X-axis direction (cutting direction). It is supported by. Further, a hob saddle 13 is supported on the front surface of the column 12 so as to be movable up and down in the vertical Z-axis direction (feed direction), and a hob head 14 is provided on the front surface of the hob saddle 13.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hob head 14 includes a hob head main body 15 and a hob slide (moving body) 16. The hob head body 15 is supported on the front surface of the hob saddle 13 so as to be pivotable around a hob head pivot axis A extending in the X-axis direction. It is supported so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction intersecting the direction.

  Further, an opening 16 a is formed in the hob slide 16 so as to open the front side of the hob slide 16. Further, a hob main shaft 17 is supported on one end side of the hob slide 16 so as to be rotatable around a hob rotation axis (tool rotation axis) B extending in the Y-axis direction. Faces the opening 16a. On the other hand, a quill 18 is supported on the other end side of the hob slide 16 so as to be movable in the direction of the hob rotation axis, and the tip surface of the quill 18 faces the opening 16a. A hob arbor set 60 is mounted in the opening 16 a of the hob slide 16. One end of the hob arbor set 60 is inserted into the hob main shaft 17, while the other end of the hob arbor set 60. Is rotatably supported in the quill 18.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the hob arbor set 60 includes a hob cutter (rotary tool) 61 as a gear cutting tool, a hob arbor 62, a collar 63, and a nut 64. When assembling the hob arbor set 60, the hob arbor 62 is inserted into the central hole 61 a of the hob cutter 61, and the nut 64 is inserted into the collar 63 between the hob arbor 62 and the other end of the inserted hob arbor 62. Tighten with the intervening. Depending on the use conditions of the hob arbor set 60, the collar 63 may not be interposed.

  Further, when the assembled hob arbor set 60 is mounted in the opening 16 a of the hob slide 16, the tapered portion 62 a and the pull stud 62 b formed on one end side of the hob arbor 62 are inserted into the hob main shaft 17. A tapered portion 62 c formed on the other end side of the hob arbor 62 is inserted into the quill 18.

  The total length of the hob arbor set 60 (the total length of the hob arbor 62) is longer than the opening length of the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 in the Y-axis direction (the hob rotation axis direction). That is, in the hob head 14, the opening length of the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 in the Y-axis direction is shortened as much as possible, so that the rigidity of the hob head 14 (the hob slide 16), that is, the rigidity of the hobbing machine 1 is increased. We are trying to improve.

  Accordingly, the hob arbor set 60 can be moved in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions by driving the column 12, the hob saddle 13, and the hob slide 16 of the hob head 14. Further, by driving the hob head main body 15 of the hob head 14, the hob arbor set 60 can be rotated around the hob head turning axis A according to the twist angle of the work 70 described later. Further, by rotating the hob main shaft 17 of the hob head 14, the hob arbor set 60 mounted in the opening 16a can be rotated around the hob rotation axis B.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a work table (rotary table) 21 is rotatable around a work rotation axis (gear rotation axis) C extending in the Z-axis direction on the front side of the column 12 on the bed 11. It is supported by. An attachment jig 22 is provided on the upper surface of the work table 21, and a work (machined gear) 70 as a gear material can be attached to the attachment jig 22.

  Further, a counter column 31 is erected on the opposite side of the column 12 across the work table 21 on the bed 11. A guide member 32 is provided on the front surface of the counter column 31, and a tail stock 33 is supported on the guide member 32 so as to be movable up and down in the Z-axis direction. A center member 33 a is supported at the lower end of the tail stock 33 so as to be rotatable around the workpiece rotation axis C.

  Therefore, after the work 70 is mounted on the mounting jig 22, the work 70 can be sandwiched between the center member 33 a and the mounting jig 22 by lowering the tail stock 33 in the Z-axis direction. Then, the work 70 can be rotated around the work rotation axis C by driving the work table 21 in a state where the work 70 is sandwiched.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a swivel loader device 40 is rotatably supported around a loader rotation axis W extending in the Z-axis direction on the radially outer side of the lower portion of the counter column 31. Yes. The swivel type loader device 40 performs automatic tool change of the hob arbor set 60 with respect to the hob head 14 and automatic work change of the work 70 with respect to the work table 21, and is an annular rotating member (loader rotating body) 41. , A workpiece gripping member 42, and a hob holding member (tool holding portion) 43.

  The rotating member 41 is supported so as to be rotatable around a loader rotation axis W located at the center thereof on the radially outer side of the counter column 31. Two workpiece gripping members 42 and one hob holding member 43 are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the rotating member 41.

  The two workpiece gripping members 42 are disposed at positions that are point-symmetric about the loader rotation axis W, that is, at positions that are 180 degrees out of phase in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) of the rotation member 41. The gripping claw 42a has a mechanism for gripping and gripping the work 70 from both the left and right sides.

  On the other hand, the hob holding member 43 is disposed between the two workpiece gripping members 42 in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) of the rotating member 41 and at a position whose phase is shifted by 90 degrees from the two workpiece gripping members 42. In addition, both ends of the hob arbor 62 in the hob arbor set 60 are placed on the pair of left and right holding portions 43a.

  Therefore, in the swivel type loader device 40, while the processed workpiece 70 is gripped by one workpiece gripping member 42, the rotating member 41 is rotated while the unprocessed workpiece 70 is gripped by the other workpiece gripping member 42. By doing so, the machined workpiece 70 can be turned from the machining position P1 to the retracted position (loading / unloading position) P2, and the unmachined workpiece 70 can be turned from the retracted position P2 to the machining position P1. .

  The machining position P1 is a position where the work 70 can be cut by the hob arbor set 60, and the retracted position P2 is a position retracted from the machining position P1.

  That is, the processing position P1 is a position where the work 70 is sandwiched from both the vertical direction between the mounting jig 22 of the work table 21 and the center member 33a of the tail stock 33. Then, by placing the work gripping member 42 that grips the work 70 at the processing position P1, the work 70 can be cut by the hob arbor set 60.

  On the other hand, the retreat position P2 is a point symmetric about the loader rotation axis W with respect to the processing position P1, that is, a position whose phase is shifted by 180 degrees in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) of the rotation member 41. ing. Then, by placing the workpiece gripping member 42 at the retracted position P2, the workpiece 70 can be replaced with the workpiece gripping member 42, that is, the workpiece 70 can be carried in and out of the hobbing machine 1.

  Further, in the swivel loader device 40, the rotating member 41 is rotated in conjunction with (synchronized with) movement of the hob slide 16 in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. The hob arbor set 60 can be automatically exchanged between the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 and the holding part 43a of the hob holding member 43.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the hobbing machine 1 described above is provided with an NC device (tool change control means) 50 that controls the hobbing machine 1 in an integrated manner. For example, a column 12, a hob saddle 13, a hob head 14, a hob main shaft 17, a work table 21, a tail stock 33, a turning loader device 40, and the like are connected to the NC device 50.

  That is, in the NC device 50, the X axis of the hob arbor set 60 is determined based on the machining conditions (for example, the rotational speed, cutting amount, feed amount, and rotational speed of the workpiece 70), the gear specifications of the workpiece 70, and the like. , Movement in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions and swiveling around the hob head pivot axis A, rotation of the hob main shaft 17 around the hob rotation axis B, rotation of the workpiece 70 around the workpiece rotation axis C, and Z tail direction of the tailstock 33 The rotation (rotation) around the loader rotation axis W of the turning loader device 40 is controlled.

  Thus, gear hobbing (hobbing) on the workpiece 70 by the hob arbor set 60, automatic workpiece exchange of the workpiece 70 between the machining position P1 and the retracted position P2, the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 and the hob holding member. 43, automatic tool change of the hob arbor set 60 is possible.

  Further, in the NC device 50, prior to performing the above-described automatic tool change control, the hob arbor set 60 is based on the overall length (the overall length of the hob arbor 62), the overall length of the hob cutter 61, the maximum outer diameter, and the like. The machine side track of the opening 16a in the slide 16 and the tool side track of the hob arbor set 60 held on the hob holding member 43 are set in advance.

  The movement of the opening 16a in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions is controlled so that the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 passes on the machine-side track, and the hob arbor set 60 is moved to the tool-side track. The rotation of the rotating member 41 around the loader rotation axis W is controlled so as to pass above. This prevents contact between the hob slide 16 and the hob arbor set 60 during automatic tool change.

  Next, the operation of the hobbing machine 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 to 10.

  First, when the work 70 is cut by the hob arbor set 60, first, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotary member 41 of the swivel loader device 40 is driven so as to be held by the work holding member 42. After turning the work 70 around the loader rotation axis W and placing it on the mounting jig 22, the tail stock 33 is lowered to move the work 70 between the center member 33 a and the mounting jig 22. Hold it. Thereby, the work 70 is arranged at the processing position P1.

  Then, the hob main shaft 17 is rotationally driven to rotate the hob arbor set 60 around the hob rotational axis B, and the work table 21 is rotationally driven to rotate the work 70 around the work rotational axis C.

  Next, by driving the column 12, the hob saddle 13 and the hob slide 16, the hob cutter 61 of the hob arbor set 60 mounted in the opening 16a is positioned so as to face the workpiece 70 disposed at the processing position P1. To do.

  When the workpiece 70 is cut into a spur gear, the hob head main body 15 is turned around the hob head turning axis A according to the advance angle of the hob cutter 61, and the hob arbor set 60 is tilted and positioned. Further, when the workpiece 70 is cut into a helical gear, the hob head main body 15 is swung around the hob head pivot axis A according to the advance angle of the hob cutter 61 and the twist angle of the workpiece 70, and the hob arbor set 60 is tilted and positioned.

  Then, the hob arbor set 60 is provided with cutting in the X-axis direction (the radial direction of the workpiece 70) by driving the column 12 and feeding in the Z-axis direction by driving the hob saddle 13. Thereby, the outer peripheral part of the workpiece 70 is scraped off by the blade surface of the hob cutter 61, and a predetermined tooth profile is created on the outer peripheral part of the workpiece 70.

  Thus, when the gear cutting of one workpiece 70 is completed, the column 12 is retracted and the rotation of the hob spindle 17 and the work table 21 is stopped, and then the tailstock 33 is raised to process the processed workpiece 70. Release the restraint.

  Next, by driving the rotating member 41 of the turning loader device 40, the processed workpiece 70 is turned from the machining position P1 to the retracted position P2, and the unmachined workpiece 70 is turned from the retracted position P2 to the machining position P1. Let

  And the gear cutting operation | work and automatic workpiece | work replacement | exchange operation | movement as mentioned above are performed repeatedly alternately, and the gear cutting process to many workpiece | work 70 can be performed continuously.

  Here, by cutting the predetermined number of workpieces 70, the blade surface of the hob cutter 61 is worn and its sharpness is reduced, or when the machining specifications of the workpiece 70 are changed, the opening of the hob slide 16 is opened. It is necessary to replace the hob arbor set 60 attached to the part 16a with another hob arbor set 60.

  Therefore, the automatic tool change operation of the hobbing machine 1 will be described below, but only the case where the hob arbor set 60 is attached in the attachment / detachment of the hob arbor set 60 is described as a representative, and the hob arbor set 60 is removed. The explanation of the case is omitted.

  First, the hob head main body 15 is driven to hold the hob arbor set 60 in a horizontal state, and then the hob saddle 13 is driven to hold the height of the hob main shaft 17 in the Z-axis direction on the hob holding member 43. The height of the hob arbor set 60 is matched with the height in the Z-axis direction. That is, the height in the Z-axis direction of the hob rotating shaft B extending in the opening 16a is made to coincide with the height in the Z-axis direction of the axis of the hob arbor set 60 held on the hob holding member 43. The hob head 14 is held in a horizontal state.

  Next, the column 12 and the hob slide 16 are driven based on a preset machine-side track to move the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. At the same time, the hob arbor set 60 held on the hob holding member 43 is turned around the loader rotation axis W by rotating the rotating member 41 of the turning loader device 40 based on a preset tool side track. Let

  As described above, the movement of the column 12 in the X-axis direction, the movement of the hob slide 16 in the Y-axis direction, and the rotation of the rotating member 41 around the loader rotation axis W are performed in synchronization with each other. As the opening 16a moves on the machine side track, the hob arbor set 60 moves on the tool side track, and these gradually approach each other.

  2 (the hob arbor set 60 indicated by a two-dot chain line) and FIG. 5, the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 and the hob arbor set 60 are located above the work table 21, that is, at the machining position P. When the hob arbor set 60 is reached, one end of the hob arbor set 60 (the tapered portion 62a and the pull stud 62b of the hob arbor 62) enters the opening 16a of the hob slide 16.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (the hob arbor set 60 indicated by a solid line), FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the hob arbor set 60 is further moved and the hob arbor set 60 is swung to move the hob. One end of the arbor set 60 starts to be inserted into the hob main shaft 17, and the other end of the hob arbor set 60 (the tapered portion 62 c of the hob arbor 62) enters the opening 16 a of the hob slide 16.

  Then, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the taper portion 62a of the hob arbor set 60 is further moved by moving the opening 16a of the hob slide 16 and turning the hob arbor set 60. The taper portion 62c of the hob arbor set 60 is positioned so as to face the tip surface of the quill 18 while being inserted into the hob arbor set 60. Thereafter, the quill 18 is moved toward the hob main shaft 17 along the direction of the hob rotation axis B, whereby the tapered portion 62c of the hob arbor set 60 is inserted into the quill 18.

  That is, the hob arbor set 60 is arranged coaxially with the hob main shaft 17, and the axial center of the hob arbor set 60 coincides with the hob rotation axis B of the hob main shaft 17. At this time, the hob holding member 43 that holds the hob arbor set 60 is disposed immediately above the processing position P1.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 10, by moving the hob slide 16, the taper portion 62a of the hob arbor set 60 is completely mounted in the hob main shaft 17, and the quill 18 is moved to move the hob arbor set. 60 taper portions 62c are completely mounted in the quill 18.

  In addition, in the automatic tool change operation of the hobbing machine 1 described above, only the case where the hob arbor set 60 is attached is described. However, for the explanation when the hob arbor set 60 is removed, the operation for attaching the hob arbor set 60 is described. Is omitted as it can be fully understood.

  Therefore, according to the gear processing machine according to the present invention, the movement of the hob slide 16 in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions and the rotation of the swivel loader device 40 around the loader rotation axis W are controlled, By automatically exchanging the hob arbor set 60 between the opening 16a formed in the hob slide 16 and the hob holding member 43 provided in the rotating member 41, the opening in the Y-axis direction in the opening 16a is performed. The length can be set as short as possible. Thereby, the automatic replacement of the hob arbor set 60 can be easily performed without reducing the mechanical rigidity.

  Further, by setting the machine side track of the opening 16a and the tool side track of the hob arbor set 60 based on the length of the hob arbor set 60 and the length and outer diameter of the hob cutter 61, the hob slide 16 And the hob arbor set 60 can be reliably prevented.

  The present invention can be applied to a gear processing machine for the purpose of reducing setup time such as workpiece change time and tool change time.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hobbing board 11 Bed 12 Column 13 Hob saddle 14 Hob head 15 Hob head main body 16 Hob slide 16a Opening part 17 Hob spindle 21 Work table 22 Mounting jig 31 Counter column 33 Tail stock 40 Turning type loader device 41 Rotating member 42 Work gripping member 43 Hob Holding member 50 NC device 60 Hob arbor set 61 Hob cutter 62 Hob arbor 70 Work P1 Processing position P2 Retraction position A Hob head turning axis B Hob rotation axis C Work rotation axis W Loader rotation axis

Claims (2)

In a gear processing machine for cutting a gear to be processed by the rotary tool by controlling rotation of the gear to be processed and cutting and feeding with respect to the rotary tool,
A rotary table for rotating the workpiece gear around the gear rotation axis;
The rotary tool supports the rotary tool rotatably in an opening portion that opens to the rotary table side, and the rotation intersects the cutting direction that is the radial direction of the gear to be processed, the feeding direction that is the gear rotation axis direction, the cutting direction, and the feeding direction. A movable body supported so as to be movable in the tool rotation axis direction of the tool;
Rotating body for loader having a tool holding part that holds the rotating tool, and is supported on the opposite side of the moving body across the rotating table and rotatably about a loader rotating shaft that is parallel to the gear rotating shaft. When,
By controlling movement of the moving body in the cutting direction, feed direction, and tool rotation axis direction and rotation of the loader rotation body around the loader rotation axis, the gap between the opening and the tool holding section is controlled. And a tool change control means for automatically changing the rotary tool. The gear processing machine according to claim 1,
The tool change control means includes
Based on the shape of the rotary tool, set the machine side track of the opening and the tool side track of the rotary tool,
The movement of the moving body is controlled so that the opening passes on the machine side track, and the rotation of the loader rotating body is controlled so that the rotary tool passes on the tool side track. A gear processing machine characterized by that.

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