JP2013196922A - リチウムイオン電池用電解質 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池用電解質 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013196922A JP2013196922A JP2012063183A JP2012063183A JP2013196922A JP 2013196922 A JP2013196922 A JP 2013196922A JP 2012063183 A JP2012063183 A JP 2012063183A JP 2012063183 A JP2012063183 A JP 2012063183A JP 2013196922 A JP2013196922 A JP 2013196922A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- amide
- trifluoromethylsulfonyl
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
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- UQWLFOMXECTXNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylsulfonyl-trifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[C-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F UQWLFOMXECTXNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
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Abstract
【解決手段】一般式(I)
(式中、4つのRは、同一の炭化水素基を示すか、あるいは隣接する2組のR基は、各々一緒になって−(CH2)n−(nは4〜7の整数を示す)で表される基を示す。)で表されるカチオンと、FTA、TFSA、BETA、(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)アミド、(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)(ノナフルオロブチルスルホニル)アミド、TSACおよびトリス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)メチドからなる群から選ばれるアニオンから構成されるリチウム二次電池用電解質。
【選択図】なし
Description
項1. 一般式(I)
で表されるカチオンと、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)アミド(FTA)、ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)アミド(TFSA)、ビス(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)アミド(BETA)、(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)アミド、(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)(ノナフルオロブチルスルホニル)アミド、(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)トリフルオロアセトアミド(TSAC)およびトリス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)メチドからなる群から選ばれるアニオンから構成されるリチウム二次電池用電解質。
項2. 前記アニオンがTFSAである、項1に記載の電解質。
項3. Rは炭素数1〜10の直鎖または分岐を有するアルキル基である、項1又は2に記載の電解質。
項4. Rはエチル基である、項3に記載の電解質。
項5. 項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電解質を含むリチウム二次電池。
4つのR基は、各々等価であるので、中温域での安定性が高まると考えられる。ここで、中温域とは、65℃〜250℃程度の温度範囲を意味する。
まず作成したセルの作動確認のため、エチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートを1:1で含む混合溶媒に1M LiPF6を溶解させた有機溶媒電解液を用い、以後の試験で使用するLiFePO4/Liセル(セパレータ:シリカナノ粒子含有ポリオレフィン、厚み 40μm)のサイクル特性を測定した。(図1)これから、従来の電解液では85℃以上では急激に劣化することが明らかとなった。
次にTFSAアニオンからなる代表的なイオン液体である、芳香族系の1ーエチルー3メチルーイミダゾリウム(EMI+)TFSAイオン液体におよそ1M LiTFSAを溶解させたものを電解液とした場合のサイクル特性を図2に示す。これから、有機溶媒電解液では劣化した85℃以上の温度も安定して充放電していることが分かったが、125℃において急激な容量低下が起こる事が分かった。
次にTFSAアニオンからなる代表的な脂肪族系イオン液体である、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-2-メトキシメチルアンモニウム(DEME+)TFSAイオン液体におよそ1M LiTFSAを溶解させたものを電解液とした場合のサイクル特性を図3に示す。これからEMI[TFSA]と同じく、いずれの場合も、有機溶媒電解液では劣化した85℃以上の温度も安定して充放電していることが分かったが、125℃において急激な容量低下が起こる事が分かった。
一方、酸素原子を含まない脂肪族系であるN-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム(PP13+)TFSAイオン液体におよそ1M LiTFSAを溶解させたもので同様のサイクル試験を行った結果を図4に示す。EMI[TFSA]やDEME[TFSA]では急激に劣化した125℃でもより安定に作動するもののおよそ50サイクルで劣化し始めることがわかった。
ところが、同じく酸素を含まない脂肪族系カチオンでも、対称性の高いカチオンであるテトラエチルアンモニウム(N2222+)からなるTFSA塩は、室温で固体であるためイオン液体と表記しないが、LiTFSAを添加すると融点が大きく低下し、イオン液体に準じて使用することができる。これを用いて同様にサイクル試験を検討したところ、図5に示すように、PP13[TFSA]で劣化した125℃でも安定に充放電することが分かった。これまで示してきた代表的なTFSA塩やLiTFSAのいずれもが単独では300℃以上の耐熱性を有していることから、今回使用した電池の劣化の原因が用いた電解液の熱安定性以外の要因にあることが示唆される。
さらに、N2222+と同じく対称性の高い脂肪族カチオンである5-アゾニアスピロ[4.4]ノナン(AS44+)からなるTFSA塩を検討した。この塩もN2222[TFSA]と同じく室温では固体の塩であるが、LiTFSAを添加すると融点が低下するが、室温では溶融しなかった。そこで、65℃からのサイクル試験を検討したところ、図6に示すように、N2222[TFSA]と同様に、125℃でも安定な充放電を示し、さらに145℃の充放電が可能である事が分かった。これまでの結果から中温域での電池の安定作動には用いたイオン液体を構成するカチオン種に対称性の高いものを用いる事が重要であることが示唆された。
イオン液体としてPP13[TFSA]、N2222[TFSA]、EMI[TFSA]、DEME[TFSA]を各々使用し、該イオン液体に1M LiTFSAを溶解させたものを電解液とした場合のサイクル特性の結果を図7に示す。N2222[TFSA]は125℃でも安定に充放電するが、他の汎用されているイオン液体では125℃の高温では十分な安定性が得られないことが明らかになった。
Claims (5)
- 一般式(I)
で表されるカチオンと、(フルオロスルホニル)(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)アミド(FTA)、ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)アミド(TFSA)、ビス(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)アミド(BETA)、(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)(ペンタフルオロエチルスルホニル)アミド、(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)(ノナフルオロブチルスルホニル)アミド、(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)トリフルオロアセトアミド(TSAC)およびトリス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)メチドからなる群から選ばれるアニオンから構成されるリチウム二次電池用電解質。 - 前記アニオンがTFSAである、請求項1に記載の電解質。
- Rは炭素数1〜10の直鎖または分岐を有するアルキル基である、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質。
- Rはエチル基である、請求項3に記載の電解質。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電解質を含むリチウム二次電池。
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Cited By (6)
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DE102014113865A1 (de) | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-26 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Magnets auf RFeB-Basis |
JP2017528880A (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2017-09-28 | バイエリシエ・モトーレンウエルケ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 電気化学セル、電気化学セルの充填に適した電解質、電気化学セルの製造方法、および電気化学セルの動作方法 |
IT202000009835A1 (it) * | 2020-05-05 | 2021-11-05 | Enea Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecnologie Lenergia E Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile | Liquido ionico e composizione elettrolitica per dispositivi elettrochimici |
CN113964379A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-21 | 浙江工业大学 | 基于硼酸酯键的聚离子液体凝胶电解质及其制备方法 |
CN114039094A (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-11 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池非水电解液和锂离子电池 |
US12018000B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2024-06-25 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Lithium salts of cyano-substituted imidazole for lithium ion batteries |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014113865A1 (de) | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-26 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Magnets auf RFeB-Basis |
JP2017528880A (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2017-09-28 | バイエリシエ・モトーレンウエルケ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 電気化学セル、電気化学セルの充填に適した電解質、電気化学セルの製造方法、および電気化学セルの動作方法 |
US12018000B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2024-06-25 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Lithium salts of cyano-substituted imidazole for lithium ion batteries |
IT202000009835A1 (it) * | 2020-05-05 | 2021-11-05 | Enea Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecnologie Lenergia E Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile | Liquido ionico e composizione elettrolitica per dispositivi elettrochimici |
CN113964379A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-21 | 浙江工业大学 | 基于硼酸酯键的聚离子液体凝胶电解质及其制备方法 |
CN113964379B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-07-11 | 浙江工业大学 | 基于硼酸酯键的聚离子液体凝胶电解质及其制备方法 |
CN114039094A (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-11 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池非水电解液和锂离子电池 |
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