JP2013189856A - Door opening/closing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a door opening/closing apparatus excellent in efficiency for transmitting driving force generated by driving means.SOLUTION: In a door opening/closing apparatus 1 for automatically opening/closing a door, a driving motor 22 drives at least one link member out of a plurality of link members 2 and 5 that link a door BD vertically openably supported on a vehicle body B with the vehicle body. The driving motor is provided on at least one of the plural link members, so as to rotate a link shaft 4 that links the link member 2 having the driving motor provided thereon with the link member 5 adjacently disposed.

Description

  The present invention relates to a door opening and closing device that automatically opens and closes a door of a vehicle by an electric actuator.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a door opening and closing device that opens and closes a door that is supported to be opened and closed in the vertical direction with respect to a vehicle body, for example, a door opening and closing device that drives a back door provided at a rear portion of a vehicle body to open and close by a drive mechanism is known. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). The door opening and closing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a swing arm 62 provided with a drive motor at the rear of a vehicle body, and having one end connected to a rotary shaft 61 of the drive motor, as shown in FIG. 62 and a connecting link 64 that connects the back door BD. The door opening and closing device automatically opens and closes the back door BD via the connecting link 64 by rotating the swing arm 62 connected to the rotating shaft by driving the drive motor.

Japanese Patent No. 3795325

  By the way, in the door opening and closing apparatus of Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 10, when the swing arm 62 starts to rotate clockwise by the drive force of the drive motor, the drive force of the drive motor is applied from the swing arm 62. It is transmitted to the connecting link 64. For this reason, the driving force of the drive motor is output from the connecting link 64 to the back door BD via the connecting shaft 65 as a force F0. At this time, when the back door BD in the closed state is driven in the opening direction, the distance L2 between the pivot shaft 67 and the connecting shaft 65 and the line segment connecting the pivot shaft 67 and the connecting shaft 65 are orthogonal to each other. A torque (= F2 × L2) obtained by integrating the component force F2 of the force F0 in the direction acts on the pivot shaft 67 of the back door BD.

  However, it is difficult to increase the component force F2, the distance L2, and the driving force of the driving motor for the following reasons.

  First, the component force F2 will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, when the swing arm 62 starts to rotate in the clockwise direction by the driving force of the drive motor, the connection shaft 63 of the connection link 64 rotates in the clockwise direction around the rotation shaft 61. Thereby, the connecting link 64 moves so that the connecting shaft 63 side approaches the pivot shaft 67 so as to operate the back door BD in the opening direction. As a result, the force F0 output from the door opening / closing device to the back door BD is directed to the pivot shaft 67 in a state where the movement direction of the coupling link 64 is different from the movement locus of the coupling shaft 65 around the pivot shaft 67. Acts on direction. As a result, the component force F2 that actually rotates the back door BD in the opening direction is smaller than the force F0.

  Here, if the torque acting on the back door BD when the drive motor is driven to open is constant, the distance L2 needs to be increased if the component force F2 is small. In this case, the distance L2 can be increased by moving the position of the connecting shaft 65 below the back door BD. However, if it does in this way, a door opening and closing apparatus will be arrange | positioned near the vehicle front, and there exists a possibility that a vehicle interior space may be sacrificed. In addition, by moving the movement direction of the connection link 64 closer to the movement locus of the connection shaft 65 around the pivot shaft 67, the movement of the connection link 64 can directly act as a force for rotating the back door BD. However, since the moving direction of the connecting link 64 is the vehicle front-rear direction, the vehicle interior space may be sacrificed.

  Further, if it is difficult to increase the component force F2 and the distance L2 in the vehicle layout, it is conceivable to increase the component force F2 by increasing the drive force of the drive motor. However, since the size of the drive motor itself tends to increase, the vehicle interior space may be sacrificed.

  Thus, since the driving force of the drive motor is transmitted from the swing arm 62 to the back door BD via the connecting link 64, the door opening / closing device of Patent Document 1 may sacrifice the vehicle interior space. In addition, there is a problem that the transmission efficiency of the driving force generated by the driving motor is poor.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a door opening and closing device having excellent transmission efficiency of the driving force generated by the driving means.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a door opening and closing device of the present invention includes at least a plurality of link members that connect between a door supported to be openable and closable with respect to a vehicle body and the vehicle body. In a door opening and closing device that automatically opens and closes the door by driving one link member by an electric actuator, the electric actuator is accommodated in at least one of the plurality of link members, and adjacent to the link member provided with the electric actuator Driving the connecting shaft that connects the link member to be driven by the electric actuator, thereby rotating the adjacent link member around the connecting shaft as a rotation center with respect to the link member provided with the electric actuator. To do.

  According to the present invention, the electric actuator is provided in one link member of the adjacent link members of the plurality of link members that connect the door and the vehicle body, and the connecting shaft that connects the adjacent link members is rotated. Due to the connecting shaft to which the driving force of the electric actuator is output, the output driving force acts directly on the door from the link member without passing through another link member, so the transmission efficiency of the driving force generated by the electric actuator is excellent. The effect of being.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual side view showing a rear portion of a vehicle on which a door opening / closing device for opening / closing a back door is mounted as a door opening / closing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a link member provided with an electric actuator of the door opening and closing device shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the opening degree of the back door in a state in which the back door shown in FIG. 1 is opened to the middle between fully closed and fully opened. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the force output from the link member 5 to the back door BD when the link member 5 is rotated about the connecting shaft 4. FIG. 5 is a conceptual view of the vehicle in the opened state of the back door BD as seen from the rear. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the vehicle viewed from the rear in the closed state of the back door BD. FIG. 7 is a conceptual side view showing a rear portion of a vehicle on which a door opening / closing device for opening / closing a back door is mounted as the door opening / closing device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the connection of the three link members by opening the back door shown in FIG. 7 to the middle between fully closed and fully opened. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modification of the link member provided with the electric actuator. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a force output from the link member to the back door BD when the swing arm is rotated about the rotation axis in the conventional door opening and closing device.

(Embodiment 1)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a door opening and closing apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual side view showing a rear portion of a vehicle on which a door opening / closing device for opening / closing a back door is mounted as a door opening / closing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a link member provided with an electric actuator of the door opening and closing device shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the opening degree of the back door in a state in which the back door shown in FIG. 1 is opened to the middle between fully closed and fully opened.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the door opening / closing device 1 includes a vehicle body (housing) B of a car, and a flip-up back door that is supported at the rear part of the vehicle body B so as to be openable and closable with respect to the vehicle body B. It is provided on one side of the vehicle main body B between the BD and automatically opens and closes the back door BD. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the door opening and closing device 1 includes link members 2 and 5 that are connected to each other by a connecting shaft 4, an opening degree detection unit 11, a control unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a vehicle body. And a door opening / closing switch 14 which is provided on the instrument panel of B, a remote operation key, and the like and inputs a signal instructing opening / closing of the back door BD. Here, the back door BD is supported on the vehicle body B by hinges Hj on both sides, and is held in a closed state by a latch mechanism.

  As shown in FIG. 1, one end of the link member 2 is connected to the vehicle body B by the connecting shaft 3, and the other end is connected to one end of the link member 5 by the connecting shaft 4. As shown in FIG. 2, the link member 2 houses a drive motor 22, a worm 23, a speed reduction mechanism 24, and a clutch mechanism 25 in a long casing 21. The housing 21 is formed with an insertion hole 21a through which the connecting shaft 3 is inserted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the drive motor 22 as an electric actuator has a worm 23 attached to a rotating shaft, and transmits an output to the connecting shaft 4 via the worm 23 and the speed reduction mechanism 24. In the speed reduction mechanism 24, speed reduction gears 24a to 24c are arranged in order from the worm 23 side. Here, a spring 24 d is provided between the reduction gear 24 a and the housing 21. One end 24d1 of the spring 24d is locked to the reduction gear 24a and the other end 24d2 is locked to the casing 21, and, for example, a spiral spring is used. The reduction gear 24 c is arranged coaxially with the connecting shaft 4 and outputs the driving force of the driving motor 22 transmitted via the worm 23 and the reduction gears 24 a and 24 b to the connecting shaft 4. The clutch mechanism 25 switches between transmission and non-transmission of the driving force from the drive motor 22 to the speed reduction mechanism 24.

  Thus, when the back door BD is operated in the closing direction by driving the drive motor 22 or manually, the reduction gear 24a rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2 and the spring 24d is wound and the biasing force is applied to the spring 24d. Stored. As a result, when the back door BD is operated in the opening direction from the fully closed position by driving the drive motor 22 or manually, the force required to open the back door BD can be assisted by the biasing force of the spring 24d. Even when the driving force is not transmitted from the drive motor 22 to the speed reduction mechanism 24, the spring 24d applies a biasing force in the opening direction to the speed reduction mechanism 24 and holds the back door BD at the stop position.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the link member 5 has one end connected to the link member 2 by the connecting shaft 4 and the other end connected to the back door BD by the connecting shaft 6. The link member 5 rotates together with the connecting shaft 4 around the connecting shaft 4 by the driving force transmitted from the driving motor 22 to the connecting shaft 4. The link member 5 in the closed state of the back door BD is arranged so that the longitudinal direction is directed to the hinge Hj. The link member 5 is formed with an insertion hole 51 a through which the connecting shaft 6 is inserted into the housing 51.

  The opening detection unit 11 is provided, for example, on the connecting shafts 3, 4, 6 and the hinge Hj of the back door BD. As shown in FIG. 3, the opening position PD of the back door BD is based on the fully closed position PCL. It is an angle sensor that detects the opening degree θ.

  The control unit 12 is realized by using a CPU or the like, and controls the opening / closing drive of the back door BD by controlling the rotation of the drive motor 22. That is, the control unit 12 controls the rotation of the connecting shaft 4 that connects between the adjacent link member 2 and the link member 5 via the drive motor 22 to rotate the link member 5 together with the connecting shaft 4. Then, the opening / closing drive of the back door BD is controlled.

  In the storage unit 13, a drive speed control that defines the opening degree θ of the back door BD detected by the opening degree detection part 11 in association with the opening / closing operation of the back door BD and, for example, a preset driving speed of the back door BD. A pattern is stored. The control unit 12 controls the driving speed of the back door BD at the time of opening and closing so that the opening degree θ of the back door BD matches the driving speed control pattern.

  When the back door BD is opened, an instruction signal for opening the back door BD is input to the door opening / closing device 1 when the passenger presses the door opening / closing switch 14. Then, the control unit 12 drives the link member 2 to open the back door BD from the fully closed position PCL, and the back door BD is opened to the fully open position PFO (see FIG. 1). Here, when a door open signal is output, the control unit 12 outputs a control signal to the latch mechanism to release the closed state, and then causes the door opening / closing device 1 to start opening the back door BD. .

  When closing the back door BD, the passenger inputs an instruction signal to close the back door BD by pressing the door opening / closing switch 14. Then, the control unit 12 controls the rotation of the connecting shaft 4 via the drive motor 22 in the reverse manner to the above. Accordingly, the back door BD is driven to close downward, and the back door BD is closed as shown by a solid line in FIG.

  As described above, the door opening and closing device 1 controls the rotation of the connecting shaft 4 that connects the adjacent link member 2 and the link member 5 by controlling the drive motor 22 by the control unit 12. For this reason, the door opening / closing apparatus 1 directly acts on the back door BD from the link member 5 without passing through another link member by the connecting shaft 4 to which the driving force of the drive motor 22 is output.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the force output from the link member 5 to the back door BD when the link member 5 is rotated about the connecting shaft 4. In the door opening and closing device 1, when the link member 5 is rotated about the connecting shaft 4 by the driving force of the drive motor 22, the force F1 and the hinge output from the link member 5 to the back door BD are shown in FIG. Torque (= F1 × L1) determined by the distance L1 between Hj and the connecting shaft 6 operates the back door BD in the opening direction. Thus, the door opening and closing apparatus 1 drives the connecting shaft 4 that connects between the adjacent link member 2 and the link member 5, and directly drives from the link member 5 to the back door BD without passing through another link member. Since the force is applied, the transmission efficiency of the driving force generated by the driving motor 22 which is an electric actuator is excellent.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the link member 5 in the closed state of the back door BD is arranged so that the longitudinal direction is directed to the hinge Hj. For this reason, in the closed state of the back door BD that is stationary and requires a large force to operate in the opening direction, the force F1 output from the link member 5 to the back door BD is centered on the hinge Hj. Acting in the tangential direction of the arc. As a result, even if the distance L1 between the hinge Hj and the connecting shaft 6 and the force F1 output to the back door BD are the same as those of the door opening / closing device of Patent Document 1, the door opening / closing device 1 generates the drive motor 22. Excellent driving force transmission efficiency.

  FIG. 5 is a conceptual view of the vehicle in the opened state of the back door BD as seen from the rear. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the vehicle viewed from the rear in the closed state of the back door BD.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the vehicle body B is provided with a weather strip WS that prevents rainwater from entering the vehicle interior around the entire rear opening OP. In addition, rain water that has entered the vehicle body B from the gap between the vehicle body B and the back door BD to the outside of the weather strip WS on both sides of the vehicle body and covered by the back door BD when the vehicle body is closed to the outside of the vehicle. A guiding rain RG RG is provided in the vertical direction.

  In the closed state of the back door BD, the door opening / closing device 1 is accommodated in the rain garter RG as shown in FIG. Thereby, when the vehicle main body B is closed, the door opening / closing device 1 cannot be seen at all from the vehicle interior, so that the appearance around the back door BD is improved. Furthermore, since the door opening / closing device 1 is not arranged in the vehicle interior, the space in the vehicle interior is not sacrificed.

  Further, in the door opening and closing device 1, since the link member 2 is provided with the spring 24d and the clutch mechanism 25, when the driving motor 22 is driven to open the back door BD, the driving force of the driving motor 22 is reduced by the clutch mechanism 25. Even if transmission is performed, the back door BD is held in the open position. For this reason, the vehicle using the door opening / closing device 1 does not require a gas stay for holding the back door BD in an open state. Here, the door BD in the opened state can be manually closed without using the door opening / closing device 1 if it is pressed against the urging force of the spring 24d in the closing direction.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the length of the link member 2 arranged on the vehicle body B side is set longer than the length of the other link members 5. As a result, the distance between the hinge Hj and the connecting shaft 6 can be reduced. As a result, the biasing force in the opening direction by the spring 24d at the position immediately before the back door BD is closed (the half latch position of the latch mechanism (not shown) provided on the back door BD) can be reduced. The operability when closing the door BD can be improved. As described above, the door opening / closing device 1 can change the operation characteristics according to the vehicle application by making the lengths of the link members different.

  In the above description, the drive motor 22 is provided on the link member 2 and the link member 5 is rotated by rotating the connecting shaft 4. However, the drive motor 22 is provided on the link member 5 and the connecting shaft 4 is rotated. The link member 2 may be rotated.

  In the door opening and closing apparatus 1 described above, when the link member 2 is provided with the spring 24d and the driving force is not transmitted from the drive motor 22 to the speed reduction mechanism 24, the back door BD is moved to the stop position by the biasing force of the spring 24d. I was able to hold it. In addition, the door opening / closing apparatus 1 may hold the back door BD at the stop position by the resistance force of the drive motor 22 and the biasing force of the spring 24d without providing the clutch mechanism 25.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, a second embodiment of the door opening and closing apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the first embodiment, the back door BD and the vehicle body B are connected by the two link members 2 and 5. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the back door BD and the vehicle body B are connected by three link members. Here, in the following description, the same components as those in the door opening and closing device 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  FIG. 7 is a conceptual side view showing a rear portion of a vehicle on which a door opening / closing device for opening / closing a back door is mounted as the door opening / closing device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the connection of the three link members by opening the back door shown in FIG. 7 to the middle between fully closed and fully opened.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the door opening / closing device 1 </ b> A is connected between the back door BD and the vehicle main body B by link members 2, 5, and 7. One end of the link member 5 is connected to the link member 2 by the connecting shaft 4, and the other end is connected to one end of the link member 7 by the connecting shaft 6. One end of the link member 7 is connected to the link member 5 by the connecting shaft 6, and the other end is connected to the back door BD by the connecting shaft 8. At this time, the link member 5 is configured in the same manner as the link member 2, and a drive motor (not shown), a worm, a speed reduction mechanism, and a clutch mechanism are accommodated in the housing 51, and the drive force of the drive motor is connected to the connecting shaft. 6 is transmitted. The link members 2, 5, and 7 are arranged so as to overlap in ascending order of numbers from the side closer to the left side of the vehicle body B in FIGS. 7 and 8, that is, from the front side of the page.

  According to the door opening / closing apparatus 1A configured as described above, the drive motor 22 of the link member 2 and the drive motor of the link member 5 are driven by the control signal output from the control unit 12 when the door opening / closing switch 14 is pressed. The link members 5 and 7 are rotated via the connecting shafts 4 and 6 to open and close the back door BD. For this reason, the door opening / closing apparatus 1A directly acts on the back door BD without any other link member being interposed by the connecting shaft 6 to which the driving force of the drive motor of the link member 5 is output.

  Further, in the door opening and closing device 1A, the link member 2 and the link member 5 are rotated by the connecting shaft 4 of the link member 2 to which the driving force of the drive motor 22 is output, and the link member 5 and the link member 7 for the back door BD. Can be adjusted to a position suitable for opening and closing the back door BD. For this reason, the door opening / closing device 1A is superior to the conventional device in the transmission efficiency of the driving force output by the drive motor of the link member 5. At this time, since each link member 2, 5, 7 is limited in the opening angle between adjacent link members by the drive motor 22 and the drive motor of the link member 5, each link member 2, 5, 7 is connected to each connecting shaft. It does not rotate freely around 4 and 6. As a result, each link member 2, 5, 7 can rotate in a direction to extend to bring the back door BD into the open state with the driving in the opening direction, so that the transmission efficiency of the driving force is the conventional device. Better than.

  Moreover, since the door opening / closing device 1A is not visible at all from the vehicle interior, like the door opening / closing device 1, the appearance around the back door BD is improved and the space in the vehicle interior is not sacrificed. Further, the vehicle using the door opening / closing device 1A does not require a gas stay for holding the back door BD in an open state.

  In the door opening and closing apparatus 1A, the link member 7 is provided with a drive motor to rotate the connecting shaft 6, and the link member 5 is provided with a drive motor to rotate the connecting shaft 4, thereby linking members 2, 5, and 7 to each other. May be rotated.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modification of the link member 5 provided with the electric actuator. As shown in FIG. 9, the link member 5 </ b> A disposed between the link members 2 and 7 has a drive motor 52 disposed in a casing 51, and a worm 53, a speed reduction mechanism 54, and a clutch on both sides of the drive motor 52. The mechanism 55 is accommodated in a line-symmetric arrangement. At this time, the reduction gear 54c of one reduction mechanism 54 is arranged coaxially with the connecting shaft 4 and outputs the driving force of the driving motor 52 transmitted through the worm 53 and the reduction gears 54a and 54b to the connecting shaft 4. To do. The reduction gear 54c of the other reduction mechanism 54 is arranged coaxially with the connecting shaft 6 and outputs the driving force of the driving motor 52 transmitted through the worm 53 and the reduction gears 54a and 54b to the connecting shaft 6. The reduction gear 54a has a spring 54d that is arranged in the same manner as the spring 24d of the door opening and closing device 1. When the drive force from the drive motor 52 to the reduction mechanism 24 is not transmitted, the reduction gear 54a is backed to the reduction mechanism 54. A biasing force in the opening direction of the door BD is applied, and the back door BD is held at the stop position. The clutch mechanism 55 switches between transmission and non-transmission of the driving force from the drive motor 52 to the speed reduction mechanism 54.

  According to the link member 5A configured as described above, the link shafts 2 and 7 can be rotated by driving the connecting shafts 4 and 6 by the single drive motor 52, so that the door opening and closing device 1A is configured in a small size. be able to.

  In the door opening and closing apparatus 1A described above, the springs 24d and 54d are provided on the link members 2 and 5A, and when the driving force is not transmitted from the drive motors 22 and 52 to the speed reduction mechanisms 24 and 54, the back door BD is spring-loaded. It can be held at the stop position by the urging force of 24d and 54d. However, the door opening / closing device 1A may hold the back door BD at the stop position by the resistance force of the drive motors 22 and 52 and the urging force of the springs 24d and 54d without providing the clutch mechanisms 25 and 55.

  In each of the above embodiments, the case where the door opening / closing device is applied to a back door of an automobile has been described. However, the door opening / closing device of the present invention is applied to a side door of a type that opens / closes in the vertical direction with respect to the vehicle body B. May be.

  As described above, the door opening and closing device of the present invention is useful for improving the transmission efficiency of the driving force generated by the driving means used to open and close the door of the vehicle.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Door opening and closing apparatus 2 Link member 21 Housing | casing 21a Insertion hole 22 Drive motor 23 Worm 24 Deceleration mechanism 24a-24c Reduction gear 24d Spring 25 Clutch mechanism 3,4,6 Connecting shaft 5,5A Link member 51 Housing 51a Insertion hole 52 Drive motor 53 Worm 54 Reduction mechanism 54a to 54c Reduction gear 54d Spring 55 Clutch mechanism 11 Opening detection unit 12 Control unit 13 Storage unit 14 Door open / close switch B Vehicle body BD Back door Hj Hinge OP Rear opening PCL Fully closed position PD Open position PFO fully open position RG Rain gutter WS Weather strip θ Opening

Claims (1)

In a door opening / closing device for automatically opening and closing the door by driving at least one link member of a plurality of link members connecting between the vehicle body and a door supported to be freely opened and closed with respect to the vehicle body ,
Accommodating the electric actuator in at least one of the plurality of link members;
By driving the connecting shaft that connects the link member provided with the electric actuator and the adjacent link member by the electric actuator, the adjacent link member is connected to the connecting shaft with respect to the link member provided with the electric actuator. A door opening and closing device characterized by rotating around a rotation center.

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