JP2013189539A - Solidifying material for ground grouting and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Solidifying material for ground grouting and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物の耐震補強及び／又は周囲の地盤改良に有用な地盤注入用固結材とその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a consolidation material for ground injection useful for seismic reinforcement of existing quay walls, revetments or structures and / or improvement of surrounding ground, and a method for producing the same.
従来、コロイダルシリカ及び珪酸ソーダを含有する地盤注入用固結材は知られている。例えば、特許文献１の請求項１には、「コロイダルシリカと、水ガラス（珪酸ソーダ）とを含み、地盤への注入前にはそれ自体でゲル化しないアルカリ性シリカ溶液からなる地盤注入用固結材。」が記載されている。 Conventionally, a ground injection consolidation material containing colloidal silica and sodium silicate has been known. For example, in claim 1 of Patent Document 1, “consolidation for ground injection made of an alkaline silica solution containing colloidal silica and water glass (sodium silicate) and which does not gel by itself before being injected into the ground. Material ".
上記特許文献１には、コロイダルシリカと水ガラスの混合物（アルカリ性シリカ溶液）に反応剤として硫酸、リン酸、塩化アルミニウム等を添加できることが記載されている。この点について、特許文献１の［0029］段落には、「例えば、アルカリ性シリカ溶液に酸性反応剤を添加して該溶液を酸性〜中性領域に調整して所定のゲル化時間を有するグラウトとすることができる。」と記載されている。 Patent Document 1 describes that sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, aluminum chloride and the like can be added as a reactant to a mixture of colloidal silica and water glass (alkaline silica solution). In this regard, paragraph [0029] of Patent Document 1 states that, for example, a grout having a predetermined gelation time by adding an acidic reagent to an alkaline silica solution to adjust the solution to an acidic to neutral region. Can be done. "
従来の地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％を超えるものは調製することが困難であり、調製したとしても部分ゲル（白濁）が生じることにより粘性が高く、地盤への浸透性の点で十分な性能は得られない。この点、地山の改良や液状化現象の防止の様な用途に適用する場合には、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％以下のものでも効果は得られるが、既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物の耐震補強及び／又は周囲の地盤改良（特に海辺地域などの海水の影響を受ける地域）に適用する場合には、部分ゲルの発生を抑制した上でＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％を超える高強度（固結強度が大きい）の地盤注入用固結材が必要とされ ているが、要求性能を満足する地盤注入用固結材は未だ開発されていない。 It is difficult to prepare a conventional consolidation material for ground injection with a SiO 2 concentration exceeding 10% by mass. Even if it is prepared, partial gel (white turbidity) is generated, resulting in high viscosity and penetration into the ground. In terms of performance, sufficient performance cannot be obtained. In this respect, when applied to applications such as improvement of natural ground and prevention of liquefaction phenomenon, the effect can be obtained even if the SiO 2 concentration is 10% by mass or less, but the existing quay, revetment or structure When applied to seismic reinforcement and / or surrounding ground improvement (especially areas affected by seawater such as seaside areas), high strength (SiO 2 concentration exceeding 10% by mass after suppressing the generation of partial gels ( However, a ground-injection consolidation material that satisfies the required performance has not been developed yet.
なお、実験室レベルでは、地盤注入用固結材の原料の混合液を高速撹拌することにより部分ゲルを発生させずにＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％を超えるものを調製することができる場合があるが、施工現場で原料撹拌用の実機により同様の高速撹拌を行うことは困難であり、高速撹拌に頼らずに高強度の地盤注入用固結材を調製する方法を開発することが望まれている。 At the laboratory level, it may be possible to prepare a mixture having a SiO 2 concentration exceeding 10% by mass without generating a partial gel by stirring the mixed liquid of the raw material for the consolidation material for ground injection at a high speed. However, it is difficult to perform the same high-speed agitation at the construction site using the actual material agitation equipment, and it is desired to develop a method for preparing a high-strength ground-injection consolidated material without relying on high-speed agitation. Yes.
本発明は、部分ゲルの発生が抑制されており、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％を超える地盤注入用固結材を提供することを目的とする。また、高速撹拌に頼らずに上記の地盤注入用固結材を調製することができる製造方法を提供することも目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a consolidated material for ground injection in which generation of a partial gel is suppressed and the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass. It is another object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method that can prepare the above-mentioned consolidated material for ground injection without relying on high-speed stirring.
本発明者は、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の酸及び添加剤を併用する場合には、上記目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor has found that the above object can be achieved when a specific acid and additive are used in combination, and the present invention has been completed.
即ち、本発明は、下記の地盤注入用固結材及びその製造方法に関する。
１．コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ、並びに、硫酸及び／又はリン酸を含有する地盤注入用固結材であって、
（１）前記地盤注入用固結材は、更にリン酸系化合物、クエン酸系化合物及び硫酸アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の添加剤を含有し、
（２）前記地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過であり、前記ＳｉＯ２中、前記コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％以下である、
ことを特徴とする地盤注入用固結材。
２．前記珪酸ソーダは、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏで表されるモル比が２．０〜５．２であり、且つ、ＳｉＯ２濃度が２４〜３０質量％である、上記項１に記載の地盤注入用固結材。
３．前記コロイダルシリカは、ＳｉＯ２の平均粒子径が３〜３０ｎｍであり、且つ、ＳｉＯ２濃度が２０〜５０質量％である、上記項１又は２に記載の地盤注入用固結材。
４．既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物の耐震補強及び／又は周囲の地盤改良に用いる、上記項１〜３のいずれかに記載の地盤注入用固結材。
５．前記耐震補強は、レベル２地震動に対する耐震補強である、上記項４に記載の地盤注入用固結材。
６．コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ、並びに、硫酸及び／又はリン酸を含有する地盤注入用固結材の製造方法であって、
（１）前記地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過であり、前記ＳｉＯ２中、前記コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％以下であり、
（２）前記硫酸及び／又はリン酸に更にリン酸系化合物、クエン酸系化合物及び硫酸アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の添加剤を混合した混合液を調製し、次いで前記混合液に前記珪酸ソーダ及び前記コロイダルシリカを同時又は順不同で混合することを特徴とする製造方法。
７．既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物の耐震補強及び／又は周囲の地盤改良に用いる地盤注入用固結材を製造する、上記項６に記載の製造方法。
８．前記耐震補強は、レベル２地震動に対する耐震補強である、上記項７に記載の製造方法。
That is, this invention relates to the following solidification material for ground injection, and its manufacturing method.
1. A cement for ground injection containing colloidal silica, sodium silicate, and sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid,
(1) The consolidation material for ground injection further contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid compound, a citric acid compound and aluminum sulfate,
(2) the ground injection solid Yuizai is, SiO 2 concentration is 10 mass% excess, in the SiO 2, SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica is less than or equal to 40 wt%,
A consolidation material for ground injection characterized by this.
2. The ground injection according to Item 1, wherein the sodium silicate has a molar ratio represented by SiO 2 / Na 2 O of 2.0 to 5.2 and a SiO 2 concentration of 24 to 30% by mass. For consolidated material.
3. The colloidal silica has an average particle diameter of SiO 2 is 3 to 30 nm, and, SiO 2 concentration of 20 to 50 wt%, ground injection caking material according to Item 1 or 2.
4). The consolidation material for ground injection according to any one of the above items 1 to 3, which is used for seismic reinforcement of an existing quay, revetment or structure and / or improvement of surrounding ground.
5. The consolidation material for ground injection according to Item 4, wherein the seismic reinforcement is seismic reinforcement against Level 2 ground motion.
6). A method for producing a ground-injection consolidated material containing colloidal silica, sodium silicate, and sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid,
(1) The ground injection solid Yuizai is SiO 2 concentration of 10 mass% excess, in the SiO 2, SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica is 40% by mass or less,
(2) A mixed solution is prepared by mixing the sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid with at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid compound, a citric acid compound and aluminum sulfate, and then the mixed solution And the sodium silicate and the colloidal silica are mixed simultaneously or in any order.
7). The manufacturing method of said claim | item 6 which manufactures the consolidation material for ground injection used for the seismic reinforcement of the existing quay, a revetment, or a structure, and / or surrounding ground improvement.
8). Item 8. The manufacturing method according to Item 7, wherein the seismic reinforcement is seismic reinforcement against Level 2 ground motion.
以下、本発明の地盤注入用固結材及びその製造方法について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the ground injection consolidation material of the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof will be described in detail.
地盤注入用固結材
本発明の地盤注入用固結材は、コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ、並びに、硫酸及び／又はリン酸を含有する地盤注入用固結材であって、
（１）前記地盤注入用固結材は、更にリン酸系化合物、クエン酸系化合物及び硫酸アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の添加剤を含有し、
（２）前記地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過であり、前記ＳｉＯ２中、前記コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％以下であることを特徴とする。
The solid injection material for ground injection of the present invention is a solid injection material for ground injection containing colloidal silica, sodium silicate, and sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid,
(1) The consolidation material for ground injection further contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid compound, a citric acid compound and aluminum sulfate,
(2) the ground injection solid Yuizai is, SiO 2 concentration is 10 mass% excess, in the SiO 2, SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica is equal to or less than 40 wt%.
上記特徴を有する本発明の地盤注入用固結材は、特定の酸及び添加剤を併用するため、ＳｉＯ２濃度は１０質量％超過であるが部分ゲルの発生は抑制されている。即ち、部分ゲルの発生が抑制されている点で地盤への浸透性が高く、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過である点で従来品よりも固結強度が高い。よって、本発明の地盤注入用固結材は、いわゆる液状化防止用途よりも高強度を要求される既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物の耐震補強及び／又は周囲の地盤改良（特に海辺地域などの海水の影響を受ける地域）に適用する場合に優れた効果を発揮することができる。 Since the solid injection material of the present invention having the above characteristics uses a specific acid and an additive together, the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass, but the generation of partial gel is suppressed. That is, the permeability to the ground is high in that the generation of the partial gel is suppressed, and the consolidation strength is higher than that of the conventional product in that the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass. Therefore, the consolidation material for ground injection according to the present invention can be used for seismic reinforcement of existing quay walls, revetments or structures that require higher strength than so-called liquefaction prevention and / or surrounding ground improvement (especially in seaside areas). It is possible to exert an excellent effect when applied to a region affected by seawater.
上記コロイダルシリカは、コロイド状の性状を示し、それ単独では半永久的にゲル化しない安定な物質である。コロイダルシリカとしては、市販品やそれに水を加えて希釈した希釈溶液を使用できる。 The colloidal silica exhibits a colloidal property and is a stable substance that does not gel semipermanently by itself. As the colloidal silica, a commercially available product or a diluted solution diluted with water can be used.
コロイダルシリカに含まれるシリカ（ＳｉＯ２）の平均粒子径としては、３〜３０ｎｍ程度が好ましく、４〜１５ｎｍ程度がより好ましい。なお、本明細書に記載の平均粒子径は窒素吸着によるＢＥＴ法（但しＢＥＴ法で測定困難な微粒子については動的光散乱法）により測定した値である。 The average particle diameter of silica contained in the colloidal silica (SiO 2), preferably about 3 to 30 nm, about 4~15nm is more preferable. In addition, the average particle diameter described in this specification is a value measured by a BET method by nitrogen adsorption (however, for fine particles difficult to measure by the BET method, a dynamic light scattering method).
コロイダルシリカに含まれるシリカ濃度としては、２０〜５０質量％程度が好ましい。 The silica concentration contained in the colloidal silica is preferably about 20 to 50% by mass.
このようなコロイダルシリカは調製することもできる。例えば、珪酸ソーダの水希釈液をイオン交換により脱アルカリ処理し、次いで得られた活性珪酸にアルカリ剤を添加してｐＨを調整するとともに加熱により造粒することにより調製する。 Such colloidal silica can also be prepared. For example, a water-diluted solution of sodium silicate is dealkalized by ion exchange, and then an alkali agent is added to the obtained active silicic acid to adjust pH and granulate by heating.
上記珪酸ソーダとしても、市販品やそれに水を加えて希釈した希釈溶液を使用できる。 As the sodium silicate, a commercially available product or a diluted solution diluted with water can be used.
珪酸ソーダのモル比（ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏ）は限定されないが、２．０〜５．２程度が好ましく、汎用の珪酸ソーダが使えるため、３．１〜３．８程度がより好ましい。 The molar ratio (SiO 2 / Na 2 O) of sodium silicate is not limited, but is preferably about 2.0 to 5.2, and more preferably about 3.1 to 3.8 because a general-purpose sodium silicate can be used.
珪酸ソーダに含まれるシリカ濃度としては、２４〜３０質量％程度が好ましい。 The silica concentration contained in the sodium silicate is preferably about 24 to 30% by mass.
上記コロイダルシリカと珪酸ソーダの割合（混合割合）に関しては、地盤注入用固結材中のＳｉＯ２（換算値）において、コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％以下（好ましくは１５〜４０質量％）となるように割合を調整する。コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％を超えると固結強度が十分に得られなくなるおそれがある。また、コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が１５質量％未満となると地盤注入用固結材に収縮低減効果を十分に与えられないおそれがある。 Regarding the ratio (mixing ratio) of the colloidal silica and sodium silicate, the amount of SiO 2 derived from colloidal silica is 40% by mass or less (preferably 15 to 40) in the SiO 2 (converted value) in the consolidated material for ground injection. The ratio is adjusted to be (mass%). If the amount of SiO 2 derived from colloidal silica exceeds 40% by mass, sufficient consolidation strength may not be obtained. In addition, if the amount of SiO 2 derived from colloidal silica is less than 15% by mass, the shrinkage reducing effect may not be sufficiently imparted to the ground injection consolidated material.
本発明では、酸として硫酸及び／又はリン酸を用いる。これらの酸としては、酸濃度が５０〜８０質量％の酸原液又はそれを水希釈した酸水溶液を使用できる。酸の量は、地盤注入用固結材の所望のゲルタイム（即ちｐＨ）に応じて設定する。 In the present invention, sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid is used as the acid. As these acids, an acid stock solution having an acid concentration of 50 to 80% by mass or an acid aqueous solution obtained by diluting it with water can be used. The amount of acid is set according to the desired gel time (that is, pH) of the consolidation material for ground injection.
本発明では、コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ及び酸（硫酸及び／又はリン酸）以外に、リン酸、リン酸ナトリウム、クエン酸及び硫酸アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の添加剤を用いる。添加剤（水希釈物も含む）を用いることにより、部分ゲルの発生を抑制しつつＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過である地盤注入用固結材を高速撹拌に頼らずに調製することができる。特に、酸及び添加剤の混合物に珪酸ソーダ及びコロイダルシリカを同時又は順不同で混合する製造方法によれば、部分ゲルの発生を抑制することができるため、浸透性に優れた粘性を確保しつつＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過である高濃度の地盤注入用固結材を調製することができる。添加剤の含有量は酸の量に対して変わるが、通常は酸１００質量部に対して添加剤２〜５０質量部程度が好ましい。 In the present invention, in addition to colloidal silica, sodium silicate and acid (sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid), at least one additive selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, citric acid and aluminum sulfate is used. By using an additive (including a water dilution), it is possible to prepare a ground-injection consolidation material having a SiO 2 concentration exceeding 10% by mass without suppressing the generation of partial gel without relying on high-speed stirring. . In particular, according to the production method in which sodium silicate and colloidal silica are mixed simultaneously or in any order with a mixture of an acid and an additive, the generation of partial gels can be suppressed, so that SiO having excellent permeability is secured. It is possible to prepare a solid material for ground injection having a high concentration in which the 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass. The content of the additive varies with respect to the amount of the acid, but usually about 2 to 50 parts by mass of the additive is preferable with respect to 100 parts by mass of the acid.
本発明の地盤注入用固結材は上記成分以外に各成分の希釈用の水を含むことができる。本発明の地盤注入用固結材のＳｉＯ２濃度は１０質量％超過であり、１１質量％以上が好ましく、１２質量％以上がより好ましく、１３質量％以上が更に好ましく、上限値としては１５質量％程度である。ＳｉＯ２濃度が１４質量％程度の高濃度な地盤注入用固結材は、例えば、酸として硫酸を使用し、添加剤としてリン酸を使用する場合に調製し易い。 The consolidation material for ground injection of the present invention can contain water for diluting each component in addition to the above components. The SiO 2 concentration of the consolidation material for ground injection of the present invention is more than 10% by mass, preferably 11% by mass or more, more preferably 12% by mass or more, still more preferably 13% by mass or more, and the upper limit is 15% by mass. %. A solid material for ground injection having a high SiO 2 concentration of about 14% by mass is easy to prepare when, for example, sulfuric acid is used as the acid and phosphoric acid is used as the additive.
本発明の地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過である点で従来品よりも固結強度が高い。具体的には、好ましくは一軸圧縮強度（２８日強度：ｑｕ）が３００ｋＰａ以上であり、好ましい実施態様では４００〜８００ｋＰａ程度である。よって、いわゆる液状化防止用途よりも高強度を要求される既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物の耐震補強及び／又は周囲の地盤改良（特に海辺地域などの海水の影響を受ける砂質地盤）に適用する場合に優れた効果を発揮することができる。より具体的には、既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物（タンク、建造物、橋脚、滑走路等）の耐震補強（レベル２地震動対応）、岸壁増深時の岸壁前面の地盤改良、岸壁背面地盤の土圧低減、既存の構造物の下部地盤の支持力増加などの用途において優れた効果を発揮することができる。なお、上記「レベル２地震動」とは、土木学会が定義する構造物の耐震設計に用いる入力地震動であり、「現在から将来にわたって当該地点で考えられる最大級の強さをもつ地震動」を意味する。 The consolidation material for ground injection of the present invention has a consolidation strength higher than that of the conventional product in that the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass. Specifically, the uniaxial compressive strength (28-day strength: qu) is preferably 300 kPa or more, and in a preferred embodiment, about 400 to 800 kPa. Therefore, it is applied to existing quay walls, revetments or structures that require higher strength than so-called liquefaction prevention applications and / or surrounding ground improvement (especially sandy ground affected by seawater such as seaside areas). When it does, the outstanding effect can be demonstrated. More specifically, seismic reinforcement of existing quay, revetment or structure (tank, building, pier, runway, etc.) (for level 2 earthquake motion), ground improvement in front of quay when quay is deepened, ground behind quay It can exhibit excellent effects in applications such as reducing earth pressure and increasing the bearing capacity of the lower ground of existing structures. The above "Level 2 ground motion" is the input ground motion used for the seismic design of structures defined by the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, and means "the largest ground motion that can be considered at this point from now to the future" .
地盤注入用固結材の製造方法
本発明の地盤注入用固結材の製造方法は、上記成分を含有し、部分ゲルの発生を抑制しつつＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過である地盤注入用固結材を調製することができる限り特に限定されないが、酸及び添加剤の混合物に珪酸ソーダ及びコロイダルシリカを同時又は順不同で混合する製造方法によれば、部分ゲルの発生を抑制することができるため、浸透性に優れた粘性を確保しつつＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過である高濃度の地盤注入用固結材を高速撹拌に頼らなくとも調製し易い。
Method for producing ground injection consolidated material The method for producing a ground injection consolidated material according to the present invention comprises the above-mentioned components, and suppresses the generation of partial gel while the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass. Although it is not particularly limited as long as a consolidated material can be prepared, according to the production method in which sodium silicate and colloidal silica are mixed simultaneously or in any order with a mixture of an acid and an additive, generation of a partial gel can be suppressed. Therefore, it is easy to prepare a high-concentration ground-injection solidifying material having a SiO 2 concentration exceeding 10% by mass without relying on high-speed stirring while ensuring a viscosity with excellent permeability.
即ち、コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ、並びに、硫酸及び／又はリン酸を含有する地盤注入用固結材の製造方法であって、
（１）前記地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過であり、前記ＳｉＯ２中、前記コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％以下であり、
（２）前記硫酸及び／又はリン酸に更にリン酸系化合物、クエン酸系化合物及び硫酸アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の添加剤を混合した混合液を調製し、次いで前記混合液に前記珪酸ソーダ及び前記コロイダルシリカを同時又は順不同で混合することを特徴とする製造方法によって好適に製造することができる。
Namely, colloidal silica, sodium silicate, and a method for producing a grounding consolidation material containing sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid,
(1) The ground injection solid Yuizai is SiO 2 concentration of 10 mass% excess, in the SiO 2, SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica is 40% by mass or less,
(2) A mixed solution is prepared by mixing the sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid with at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid compound, a citric acid compound and aluminum sulfate, and then the mixed solution The sodium silicate and the colloidal silica can be suitably produced by a production method characterized by mixing them simultaneously or in any order.
なお、コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ、酸（硫酸及び／又はリン酸）及び添加剤の説明は前記の通りであり、またいずれも原液若しくは水希釈物のいずれも使用できる。 The explanation of colloidal silica, sodium silicate, acid (sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid) and additives is as described above, and any of a stock solution and a water dilution can be used.
酸及び添加剤の混合物（水希釈物を含む）へのコロイダルシリカの供給速度は限定されないが、地盤注入用固結材を１０００Ｌ調製する場合は、４８０Ｌ以上／ｈ程度が好ましく、９６０Ｌ以上／ｈ程度がより好ましい。また、同様に、珪酸ソーダの供給速度も限定されないが、地盤注入用固結材を１０００Ｌ調製する場合は、２１００〜１２０００Ｌ／ｈ程度が好ましく、４２００〜９０００Ｌ／ｈ程度がより好ましい。 The supply rate of colloidal silica to the mixture of acid and additive (including water dilution) is not limited, but when preparing a solid injection material of 1000 L, it is preferably about 480 L / h, preferably 960 L / h The degree is more preferable. Similarly, although the supply rate of sodium silicate is not limited, when 1000 L of a ground injection consolidated material is prepared, about 2100 to 12000 L / h is preferable, and about 4200 to 9000 L / h is more preferable.
なお、珪酸ソーダ及びコロイダルシリカを同時に混合する態様は、珪酸ソーダの添加工程及びコロイダルシリカの添加工程が一部又は全部重複していてもよいことを示す意味であり、必ずしも添加開始と添加完了の時期を同時とする意味に限定されない。 In addition, the aspect which mixes a sodium silicate and colloidal silica simultaneously is the meaning which shows that the addition process of a sodium silicate and the addition process of colloidal silica may overlap partially or all, and the start of addition and completion of addition are not necessarily complete. It is not limited to the meaning of simultaneous timing.
本発明の地盤注入用固結材は、特定の酸及び添加剤を併用するため、ＳｉＯ２濃度は１０質量％超過であるが部分ゲルの発生は抑制されている。即ち、部分ゲルの発生が抑制されている点で地盤への浸透性が高く、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過である点で従来品よりも固結強度が高い。よって、本発明の地盤注入用固結材は、いわゆる液状化防止用途よりも高強度を要求される既存の岸壁、護岸又は構造物の耐震補強及び／又は周囲の地盤改良（特に海辺地域などの海水の影響を受ける地域）に適用する場合に優れた効果を発揮することができる。 The ground injection consolidation material of the present invention uses a specific acid and additive in combination, so the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass, but the generation of partial gel is suppressed. That is, the permeability to the ground is high in that the generation of the partial gel is suppressed, and the consolidation strength is higher than that of the conventional product in that the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass. Therefore, the consolidation material for ground injection according to the present invention can be used for seismic reinforcement of existing quay walls, revetments or structures that require higher strength than so-called liquefaction prevention and / or surrounding ground improvement (especially in seaside areas). It is possible to exert an excellent effect when applied to a region affected by seawater.
以下に調製例及び試験例を示して本発明を具体的に説明する。但し、本発明は調製例に限定されない。 The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to preparation examples and test examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the preparation examples.
調製例１〜９（地盤注入用固結材の調製）
≪使用材料≫
以下の調製例では下記の材料を用いた。
１）５号珪酸ソーダ
（SiO2：25.6質量%, Na2O：7.1質量%, モル比：3.7, 富士化学（株）製）
２）コロイダルシリカ
（SiO2：40.0質量%, Na2O：0.6質量%, 日産化学工業（株）製）
３）酸
・７８％工業用硫酸
・７５％工業用リン酸
４）添加剤
・７５％工業用リン酸
・リン酸二水素ナトリウム（和光純薬工業（株）製）
・クエン酸（和光純薬工業（株）製）
・硫酸アルミニウム（（株）北陸化成工業所製, 14から25水和物）
≪地盤注入用固結材の調製≫
Ａ液：コロイダルシリカを水で希釈したもの
Ｂ液：５号珪酸ソーダを水で希釈したもの
Ｃ液：酸及び添加剤を水で希釈したもの
目標とする地盤注入用固結材のＳｉＯ２濃度（質量％）と、それを調製するためのＡ液、Ｂ液及びＣ液の配合条件を下記表１及び表２に示す。
Preparation Examples 1 to 9 (Preparation of consolidated material for ground injection)
≪Materials used≫
The following materials were used in the following preparation examples.
1) No. 5 sodium silicate (SiO 2 : 25.6% by mass, Na 2 O: 7.1% by mass, molar ratio: 3.7, manufactured by Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd.)
2) Colloidal silica (SiO 2 : 40.0% by mass, Na 2 O: 0.6% by mass, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
3) Acid, 78% Industrial sulfuric acid, 75% Industrial phosphoric acid 4) Additives, 75% Industrial phosphoric acid, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
・ Citric acid (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
・ Aluminum sulfate (Hokuriku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., 14 to 25 hydrate)
≪Preparation of consolidation material for ground injection≫
Liquid A: Colloidal silica diluted with water Liquid B: No. 5 sodium silicate diluted with water Liquid C: Acid and additive diluted with water Target SiO 2 concentration of the consolidation material for ground injection Table 1 and Table 2 below show the blending conditions of (mass%) and liquids A, B and C for preparing the same.
Ｃ液を混合容器に入れ、２７０ｒｐｍで撹拌した。Ｂ液を７３００ｍｌ／ｈで全量滴下し、その後Ａ液を一気に添加した。これにより、地盤注入用固結材を得た。各調製例における作液状況（部分ゲルの有無）を下記表３に示す。 C liquid was put into the mixing container and stirred at 270 rpm. The entire amount of solution B was dropped at 7300 ml / h, and then solution A was added all at once. Thereby, a consolidated material for ground injection was obtained. The liquid preparation status (presence / absence of partial gel) in each preparation example is shown in Table 3 below.
ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％を超える地盤注入用固結剤は、従来は調製が困難であったが、本発明の実施態様（調製例１〜９）によれば、特定の添加剤を併用することにより、高速撹拌に頼ることなく調製することが可能である。 The ground injection caking agent having a SiO 2 concentration exceeding 10% by mass has conventionally been difficult to prepare, but according to the embodiments of the present invention (Preparation Examples 1 to 9), specific additives are used in combination. Therefore, it is possible to prepare without depending on high-speed stirring.
試験例１（地盤注入後の一軸圧縮強さの比較）
ＳｉＯ２濃度又はコロイダルシリカの含有量を振った各種の地盤注入用固結材を用いて砂（豊浦砂）を固めて円柱の供試体（直径５ｃｍ、高さ１０ｃｍ）を作製し、供試体の一軸圧縮強さを測定した。なお、地盤注入用固結材ごとに供試体を３本ずつ作製し、その平均値を求めた。
Test example 1 (comparison of uniaxial compressive strength after ground injection)
A sand specimen (Toyoura sand) was hardened by using various ground-injection binders with varying SiO 2 concentration or colloidal silica content to prepare a cylindrical specimen (diameter 5 cm, height 10 cm). Uniaxial compressive strength was measured. Three specimens were prepared for each ground injection consolidated material, and the average value was obtained.
供試体の作製方法及び測定方法は次の通りとした。
（１）円柱の型（内径５ｃｍ、高さ１２ｃｍ）からその円柱の体積を求める。
（２）豊浦砂を、上記体積に対して相対密度５０％になるように計量する。
（３）上記円柱の型に地盤注入用固結材を入れ、そこに計量した豊浦砂が均一になるように流し込む。
（４）地盤注入用固結材がゲル化して所定の材齢（２８日）となるまで静置して待つ。
（５）ゲル化した後、円柱を高さ１０ｃｍになるように整えて供試体とする。
（６）供試体を圧縮強さ測定機で圧縮し、供試体が壊れた時の一軸圧縮強さを測定する。一軸圧縮強さの単位は（圧力／単位面積）である。
（試験例１−１）
コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ、硫酸、添加剤（リン酸、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、クエン酸及び硫酸アルミニウム）並びに水の混合量を調整することにより、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０、１２及び１４質量％の地盤注入用固結材を調製した。なお、原料の詳細及び原料の配合順序については、前記調製例で使用したものと同じである。
The preparation method and measurement method of the specimen were as follows.
(1) The volume of the cylinder is determined from the cylinder mold (inner diameter 5 cm, height 12 cm).
(2) Weigh Toyoura sand so that the relative density is 50% with respect to the volume.
(3) Put the ground injection consolidation material into the above-mentioned cylindrical mold, and pour it into the measured Toyoura sand uniformly.
(4) Stand still and wait until the consolidated material for ground injection gels and reaches a predetermined age (28 days).
(5) After gelation, the cylinder is adjusted to a height of 10 cm and used as a specimen.
(6) The specimen is compressed with a compressive strength measuring device, and the uniaxial compressive strength when the specimen is broken is measured. The unit of uniaxial compressive strength is (pressure / unit area).
(Test Example 1-1)
By adjusting the amount of colloidal silica, sodium silicate, sulfuric acid, additives (phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, citric acid and aluminum sulfate) and water, the ground with SiO 2 concentration of 10, 12 and 14% by mass A solidified material for injection was prepared. In addition, about the detail of a raw material and the compounding order of a raw material, it is the same as what was used in the said preparation example.
各地盤注入用固結材を用いた供試体の一軸圧縮強さの測定結果は下記の通りである。 The measurement results of the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen using the caking material for injecting each board are as follows.
いずれの添加剤を用いた場合でも、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過となることにより、有意に供試体の一軸圧縮強度が高められることが分かる。なお、添加剤を用いずにＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％の地盤注入用固結材を調製し、それを用いて供試体を作製した場合の一軸圧縮強度は４００ｋＮ／ｍ２であるため、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％以下の既知の地盤注入用固結材の場合も添加剤を添加することにより供試体の一軸圧縮強さを改善できることが分かる。
（試験例１−２）
コロイダルシリカ、珪酸ソーダ、硫酸、添加剤（リン酸）並びに水を混合することにより、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１３質量％の地盤注入用固結材を調製した。なお、原料の詳細及び原料の配合順序については、前記調製例で使用したものと同じであり、ＳｉＯ２中のコロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量を０、２０、５０及び７０に振ることにより４種類の地盤注入用固結材を調製した。
It can be seen that when any additive is used, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen is significantly increased when the SiO 2 concentration exceeds 10% by mass. In addition, since the uniaxial compressive strength at the time of preparing a solid specimen for ground injection having a SiO 2 concentration of 10% by mass without using an additive and producing a specimen using the same, the SiO 2 concentration is 400 kN / m 2. It can be seen that the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen can be improved by adding an additive even in the case of a known ground-injection consolidated material having a concentration of 10% by mass or less.
(Test Example 1-2)
By mixing colloidal silica, sodium silicate, sulfuric acid, an additive (phosphoric acid) and water, a ground injection solidifying material having a SiO 2 concentration of 13% by mass was prepared. Note that the order of mixing the raw material details and material are the same as those used in Preparation Example, by shaking the SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica in the SiO 2 to 0,20,50, and 70 4 Various types of consolidation material for ground injection were prepared.
各地盤注入用固結材を用いた供試体の一軸圧縮強さの測定結果は下記の通りである。 The measurement results of the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen using the caking material for injecting each board are as follows.
表５の結果より、ＳｉＯ２中のコロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が増えるにつれて一軸圧縮強さが低下することが分かる。なお、コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が９０質量％になると地盤注入用固結材はゲル化しないことも分かった。一軸圧縮強さの点からはコロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量は４０質量％以下とすることが望ましい。 From the results of Table 5, it can be seen that uniaxial compressive strength as SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica in SiO 2 is increased is reduced. Incidentally, when the amount of SiO 2 derived from colloidal silica is 90% by weight ground injection solid Yuizai was also found not to gel. From the viewpoint of uniaxial compressive strength, the amount of SiO 2 derived from colloidal silica is preferably 40% by mass or less.
試験例２（原料の添加順序と作液状況との関連性）
（調製例１０）
Ａ液（コロイダルシリカ）とＢ液（珪酸ソーダ）の混合順序を逆にした以外は、調製例５と同様にして地盤注入用固結材を調製した。即ち、Ｃ液（硫酸＋添加剤）にＡ液を混合後、Ｂ液を混合する順序とした。
（調製例１１）
Ａ液（コロイダルシリカ）とＢ液（珪酸ソーダ）を同時に混合した以外は、調製例５と同様にして地盤注入用固結材を調製した。即ち、Ｃ液（硫酸＋添加剤）に対してＡ液及びＢ液を同時に混合する順序とした。
（比較調製例１２）
Ａ液（コロイダルシリカ）にＣ液（硫酸＋添加剤）を混合後、Ｂ液（珪酸ソーダ）を混合する順序とした以外は、調製例５と同様にして地盤注入用固結材を調製した。
（比較調製例１３）
添加剤をＣ液ではなくＡ液に配合し、且つ、Ａ液（コロイダルシリカ＋添加剤）にＢ液（珪酸ソーダ）を混合後、Ｃ液（硫酸）を混合する順序とした以外は、調製例５と同様にして地盤注入用固結材を調製した。
（比較調整例１４）
Ａ液（コロイダルシリカ）にＢ液（珪酸ソーダ）を混合後、Ｃ液（硫酸＋添加剤）を混合する順序とした以外は、調製例５と同様にして地盤注入用固結材を調製した。
Test Example 2 (Relationship between raw material addition sequence and liquid production status)
(Preparation Example 10)
A consolidation material for ground injection was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 5 except that the mixing order of the liquid A (colloidal silica) and the liquid B (sodium silicate) was reversed. That is, it was set as the order which mixed B liquid after mixing A liquid with C liquid (sulfuric acid + additive).
(Preparation Example 11)
A ground filler was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 5 except that the liquid A (colloidal silica) and the liquid B (sodium silicate) were mixed at the same time. That is, it was set as the order which mixes A liquid and B liquid simultaneously with respect to C liquid (sulfuric acid + additive).
(Comparative Preparation Example 12)
A solidification material for ground injection was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 5 except that the order of mixing the liquid B (sodium silicate) after mixing the liquid C (sulfuric acid + additive) with the liquid A (colloidal silica). .
(Comparative Preparation Example 13)
Prepared except that the additive was blended with the A liquid instead of the C liquid, and the liquid B (sodium silicate) was mixed with the liquid A (colloidal silica + additive) and then the liquid C (sulfuric acid) was mixed. In the same manner as in Example 5, a consolidated material for ground injection was prepared.
(Comparative Adjustment Example 14)
A solidified material for ground injection was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 5 except that the order of mixing C liquid (sulfuric acid + additive) after mixing B liquid (sodium silicate) with A liquid (colloidal silica). .
各調製例１０〜１４における作液状態は下記の通りである。 The liquid preparation state in each of Preparation Examples 10 to 14 is as follows.
表６の結果より、本発明では酸に添加剤を混合した混合液を調製し、次いで前記混合液に前記珪酸ソーダ及び前記コロイダルシリカを同時又は順不同で混合する順序で地盤注入用固結材を調製することが適切であることが分かる。 From the results of Table 6, in the present invention, a mixed liquid in which an additive is mixed with an acid is prepared, and then the solid injection material is mixed in the order in which the sodium silicate and the colloidal silica are mixed simultaneously or in any order with the mixed liquid. It turns out that it is appropriate to prepare.
Claims (8)
（１）前記地盤注入用固結材は、更にリン酸系化合物、クエン酸系化合物及び硫酸アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の添加剤を含有し、
（２）前記地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過であり、前記ＳｉＯ２中、前記コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％以下である、
ことを特徴とする地盤注入用固結材。 A cement for ground injection containing colloidal silica, sodium silicate, and sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid,
(1) The consolidation material for ground injection further contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid compound, a citric acid compound and aluminum sulfate,
(2) the ground injection solid Yuizai is, SiO 2 concentration is 10 mass% excess, in the SiO 2, SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica is less than or equal to 40 wt%,
A consolidation material for ground injection characterized by this.
（１）前記地盤注入用固結材は、ＳｉＯ２濃度が１０質量％超過であり、前記ＳｉＯ２中、前記コロイダルシリカに由来するＳｉＯ２量が４０質量％以下であり、
（２）前記硫酸及び／又はリン酸に更にリン酸系化合物、クエン酸系化合物及び硫酸アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の添加剤を混合した混合液を調製し、次いで前記混合液に前記珪酸ソーダ及び前記コロイダルシリカを同時又は順不同で混合することを特徴とする製造方法。 A method for producing a ground-injection consolidated material containing colloidal silica, sodium silicate, and sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid,
(1) The ground injection solid Yuizai is SiO 2 concentration of 10 mass% excess, in the SiO 2, SiO 2 amount derived from the colloidal silica is 40% by mass or less,
(2) A mixed solution is prepared by mixing the sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid with at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid compound, a citric acid compound and aluminum sulfate, and then the mixed solution And the sodium silicate and the colloidal silica are mixed simultaneously or in any order.
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