JP2013179979A - Fundus imaging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fundus imaging apparatus capable of miniaturizing a configuration of an illumination optical system.SOLUTION: A fundus imaging apparatus includes: an illumination optical system having a first light source that applies observation illumination light for observing a subject's eye; a photographing optical system having a second light source that applies photographing illumination light for photographing the fundus oculi of the subject's eye; and a spherical mirror that reflects an optical flux to be applied from the first light source and the second light source for shortening a distance of the illumination optical system. The spherical mirror includes a first spherical mirror having an opening causing the optical flux from the first light source and the second light source to pass therethrough; and a second spherical mirror that reflects the optical flux passing through the first spherical mirror and causes it to enter a mirror part of the perforated mirror.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fundus imaging apparatus that performs fundus imaging of a subject's eye.

  The illumination optical system of the fundus photographing apparatus includes both an observation illumination optical system including an infrared light source and a photographing illumination optical system including a visible light source. In the state where the fundus is in focus, the visible light source of the photographing illumination optical system is turned on and the fundus illuminated with visible light is photographed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2001-17394 A

  Since such an illumination optical system requires various optical members such as a lens and a filter in addition to the light source, it is a restriction on miniaturization.

  In view of the above-described problems of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fundus imaging apparatus that can reduce the size of the illumination optical system.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized by having the following configuration.

(1) An illumination optical system including a first light source that irradiates observation illumination light for observing the subject's eye, and a second light source that irradiates photographing illumination light for photographing the fundus of the subject's eye A fundus photographing apparatus comprising: a spherical mirror that reflects a light beam emitted from the first light source and the second light source in order to shorten the distance of the illumination optical system. And
(2) In the fundus photographing apparatus according to (1), the spherical mirror has passed through the first spherical mirror having an opening for allowing the light beam from the first light source or the second light source to pass therethrough, and the first spherical mirror. And a second spherical mirror that reflects the light beam and enters the mirror portion of the perforated mirror.
(3) In the fundus imaging apparatus according to (2), the spherical mirror makes a light beam from the first light source or the second light source parallel light.
(4) In the fundus imaging apparatus according to (3), a diffusion plate placed at a conjugate position with the anterior eye portion of the subject's eye and diffusing the light beam reflected by the spherical mirror to remove illumination spots of the light beam It is characterized by providing.
(5) In the fundus imaging apparatus according to (4), the first light source or the second light source is an LED.
(6) In the fundus imaging apparatus according to (5), the first light source and the second light source are placed on a common optical path.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fundus imaging apparatus capable of reducing the size of the illumination optical system.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external view of a fundus camera. The fundus camera includes a base 1, a movable base 2 that can move in the left and right (X) direction and the front and rear (working distance, Z) direction with respect to the base 1, and an optical system that will be described later. An imaging unit (device main body) 3 movably provided in a three-dimensional direction, a driving unit 6 that moves the imaging unit 3 in a three-dimensional (XYZ) direction with respect to the subject's eye E, and a three-dimensional direction of the imaging unit 3. A joystick 4 for inputting signals for position adjustment, an operation panel 7 provided with a plurality of switches for inputting various signals, and a face support unit fixed to the base 1 to support the face of the subject. 5. A lens barrel 3a disposed on the subject side of the imaging unit 3 and incorporating an objective lens 25 to be described later, and a display unit (monitor) 8 provided on the examiner side of the imaging unit 3 so as to be tiltable. The On the monitor 8, an anterior segment image of the eye E and a fundus observation (photographing) image are displayed.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical system and a control system of a fundus photographing apparatus (fundus camera). The optical system includes an illumination optical system 10, a fundus observation / imaging optical system 30 that performs fundus observation / photographing of the eye E, a split index projection optical system 40 that projects a split index (focus index) on the fundus of the eye E, and an eye E An alignment detection optical system 50 that projects an alignment index light beam onto the anterior segment, an anterior segment observation optical system 60 that captures the anterior segment of the eye E, and a fixation target presenting optical system 70 that guides the line of sight of the eye E Is done.

  <Illumination Optical System> The illumination optical system 10 includes an observation illumination optical system and a photographing illumination optical system, and an illumination light source 11 that irradiates a light beam of near-infrared light, which is observation illumination light, on the optical axis L1, and photographing. An imaging light source 12 that irradiates a visible light beam as illumination light, a perforated spherical mirror 13, a spherical mirror 14, a diffuser plate 15, a ring slit 16 having a ring-shaped opening, a condenser lens 17, a mirror 19, and a black dot at the center. A black spot plate 20, a relay lens 21, a perforated mirror 22, a dichroic mirror 24 as an optical path branching member, and an objective lens 25 are disposed.

  The dichroic mirror 24 transmits a near-infrared wavelength light beam from the infrared light source 11 of the observation illumination optical system, and reflects infrared light from an alignment detection optical system 50 and an anterior ocular segment observation optical system 60 described later. Has wavelength characteristics. The dichroic mirror 24 is an insertion / removal mechanism 66 composed of a solenoid, a cam, and the like. The dichroic mirror 24 is obliquely installed in the optical path when observing the fundus using the observation illumination optical system. Removed from the optical path.

  As the illumination light source 11, a known infrared light source such as an LED or a halogen lamp is used. As the imaging light source 12, a known visible light source such as an LED or a xenon flash lamp is used. If an LED is used as the light source, it is advantageous in reducing the size of the apparatus.

On the optical axis L 1 of the perforated spherical mirror 13, an opening 13 a that allows the light beams from the light sources 11 and 12 to pass is formed. In addition, if the shape of the opening part 13a and the light sources 11 and 12 is made to correspond, the light beam from the light sources 11 and 12 will pass more efficiently. The spherical mirror 14 is determined as a curved surface that reflects the light flux from the light sources 11 and 12 and guides it to the mirror portion of the perforated mirror 13. The mirror portion of the perforated mirror 13 is determined to be a curved surface in which the reflected light from the spherical mirror 14 is parallel light. In addition to this, the mirror portion of the perforated mirror 13 may be formed in a curved surface that guides the light beams from the light sources 11 and 12 to the diffusion plate 15. The diffusing plate 15 is placed at a conjugate position with the anterior eye part (pupil or cornea), and the light beam from the light source 11 or 12 is diffused by the diffusing plate 15 so that the diffusing plate 15 becomes a secondary light source and illuminates the fundus.
As described above, by configuring the illumination optical system using the spherical mirrors 13 and 14, the optical system becomes more compact.

  By the way, since the light source has a difference in shape and variation in accuracy regardless of the type, it may become a shooting spot of the shot image during fundus observation and shooting, and may cause a partial decrease in the amount of light, for example, at the central portion or the peripheral portion of the shot image. there were. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the diffusing plate 15 is used to suppress variations in the light emitted from the light sources 11 and 12, fundus images can be taken with high accuracy while suppressing the occurrence of illumination spots due to variations in the characteristics of the light sources 11 and 12. .

  FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the light sources 11 and 12 of the illumination optical system 10. Here, for convenience of explanation, the light source 12 is indicated by a dotted line. The infrared light beam irradiated when the light source 11 is turned on at the time of fundus observation passes through the opening 13a of the spherical mirror 13 with holes and enters the spherical mirror 14. The light beam reflected by the spherical mirror 14 is reflected by the mirror portion of the spherical mirror 13 to become parallel light and is incident on the diffusion plate 15 here.

  At the time of fundus observation, the light beam from the light source 11 is diffused by the diffusion plate 15 at a conjugate position with the fundus, so that the fundus is illuminated with uniform infrared light. On the other hand, when the fundus is photographed, the light flux from the light source 12 is diffused by the diffusion plate 15 so that the fundus is illuminated with uniform visible light.

Further, in the configuration in which the light source 11 and the light source 12 are arranged on the same optical axis, there is a risk that the light flux varies even when the light flux from one light source passes through the other light source. Here, the light flux from the light source 11 may vary when passing through the light source 12. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the light beams emitted from the respective light sources are diffused by the common diffuser plate 15, the influence of variations in the light beams generated when passing through the light sources can be suppressed.
As described above, since the fundus is uniformly illuminated during fundus observation and photographing, a fundus image can be obtained with high accuracy by photographing using a fundus observation / photographing optical system described later.

  <Fundus Observation / Shooting Optical System> The fundus oculi observation / shooting optical system 30 includes a fundus oculi observation optical system and a fundus photographic optical system. The fundus oculi observation optical system includes an objective lens 25, a dichroic mirror 24, a photographing aperture 31 located in the vicinity of the aperture of the perforated mirror 22, a focusing lens 32 movable in the optical axis direction, an imaging lens 33, and an insertion / removal mechanism at the time of fundus photography. A jumping mirror 34 that is removed from the optical path by 39 is provided. A dichroic mirror 37 having infrared reflection and visible light transmission characteristics, a relay lens 36, and a two-dimensional imaging device for observation having sensitivity in the infrared region are disposed in the optical path of the reflection mirror 34 in the reflection direction. A fundus image illuminated with an infrared light source is taken.

  The fundus photographing optical system shares the objective lens 25 and the optical system from the photographing aperture 31 to the imaging lens 33 with the fundus observation optical system. The fundus photographing optical system includes a photographing two-dimensional imaging element 35 having sensitivity in the visible range, and photographs a fundus image illuminated with a visible light source. The photographing aperture 31 is disposed at a position substantially conjugate with the pupil of the eye E with respect to the objective lens 25. The focusing lens 32 is moved in the optical axis direction by a moving mechanism 49 including a motor.

  At the time of observation of the fundus, the light beam emitted from the illumination light source 11 passes through the dichroic mirror 24, is once converged near the pupil of the eye E by the objective lens 25, and then diffuses to uniformly illuminate the fundus of the eye E. Reflected light from the fundus passes through the objective lens 25, the dichroic mirror 24, the aperture of the perforated mirror 22, the photographing aperture 31, the focusing lens 32, the imaging lens 33, the flip-up mirror 34, the dichroic mirror 37, and the relay lens 36. To form an image on the image sensor 38. At the time of photographing the fundus, the luminous flux emitted from the photographing light source 14 is once converged in the vicinity of the pupil of the eye E and then diffused to uniformly illuminate the fundus of the eye E. The reflected light from the fundus is imaged on the two-dimensional imaging device 35 through the objective lens 25, the aperture of the perforated mirror 22, the imaging aperture 31, the focusing lens 32, and the imaging lens 33.

  <Split index projection optical system> The split index projection optical system 40 includes an infrared light source 41, a slit index plate 42, two declination prisms 43 attached to the slit index plate 42, a projection lens 47, and an optical path of the illumination optical system 10. And a spot mirror 44 placed obliquely to the fundus. The spot mirror 44 is fixed to the tip of the lever 45, is placed on the optical path during fundus observation, and is retracted out of the optical path by rotating the rotary solenoid 46 during fundus imaging.

The luminous flux of the slit indicator plate 42 is separated by the deflection prism 43 and then reflected by the spot mirror 44 via the projection lens 47, and then passes through the relay lens 21, perforated mirror 22, dichroic mirror 24, and objective lens 25. Projected on. When the fundus is out of focus, the index images (split indices S1, S2) of the slit index plate 42 are not projected and separated from the fundus. When the fundus is in focus, the split indices S1 and S2 are projected in a conjugate relationship with the fundus. The split indexes S1 and S2 projected on the fundus of the eye E are imaged together with the fundus image by the image sensor 38.
The split index projection optical system 40 configured as described above is moved in the optical axis direction in conjunction with the focusing lens 32 by driving the moving mechanism 49.

  <Anterior Eye Observation Optical System> The anterior eye observation optical system 60 includes an infrared light source 58 that illuminates the anterior eye part, the objective lens 25, and a field lens 61 placed on the optical axis L2 on the reflection side of the dichroic mirror 24. , A mirror 62, a second diaphragm 67, a first diaphragm 63, a relay lens 64, and a two-dimensional image sensor 65 having sensitivity in the infrared region. The reflected light from the anterior segment illuminated by the light source 58 passes through the objective lens 25, the optical axis L1 and the optical axis L2 are made coaxial by the dichroic mirror 24, and imaged through the field lens 61 to the relay lens 64. Light is received by the element 65.

  Here, the first diaphragm 63 is placed at a position substantially conjugate with the objective lens 25, and transmits the light beam (photographing light) reflected by the anterior eye portion, and blocks the reflected light generated by the field lens 61 and is not received by the light receiving element 65. Like that. The second diaphragm 67 is placed closer to the subject than the first diaphragm 63 so as to transmit the reflected light (imaging light) of the anterior eye part and prevent the reflected light generated by the objective lens 25 from passing through the first diaphragm 63. Therefore, it has a role of restricting the passage region of the light beam (alignment index light beam) from the light source (alignment light source) 51 and irradiating only the periphery of the objective lens 25.

  At least the rear surface of the field lens 61 is concave so that the reflected light from the field lens 61 is reflected to the outside of the first diaphragm 63. Specifically, the curvature radii of the front surface R1 and the rear surface R2 of the field lens 61 are determined to values at which the light source 51 is positioned at the center of curvature. That is, the light beam reflected by the rear surface R2 of the field lens 61 is matched with the position of the first diaphragm 63, and the light beam once passed through the rear surface of the field lens 61 and reflected by the front surface is also matched with the position of the first diaphragm 63. Each curvature radius is determined as follows. If it does in this way, the reflected light by the light beam from each light source 51 will be irradiated toward the light source 51 which opposes, and it can prevent that reflected light passes an opening. Note that the center of curvature of the front surface R1 and the rear surface R2 may be determined to be outside the light source 51.

  For such a field lens 61, a meniscus lens having a concave surface, a concave lens or the like is used. Other than this, the field lens 61 may be formed in a shape that can reflect the light beam that has passed through the first diaphragm 63 to the outside of the opening of the first diaphragm. For example, the reflection surface (at least the rear surface) is flat. May be.

  The imaging element 65 is placed at a (substantially) conjugate position with the pupil of the eye E and images the anterior eye image illuminated by the light source 58, and also the anterior eye part illuminated by the lighting of the light source of the alignment detection optical system 50 described later. The reflected light from the (cornea) is received and the alignment state between the eye E and the device is detected.

<Alignment detection optical system>
The alignment detection optical system 50 shares the optical path of the anterior ocular segment observation optical system 60, and further includes an infrared alignment light source 51 (51a, 51b) for projecting an alignment index onto the anterior ocular segment of the eye E, and It has two diaphragms 67. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram when the alignment index optical system 50 is viewed from the direction of the optical axis L2.

  The light source 51 is placed at the center of curvature of the field lens 61, and a first index projection light source 51 a that projects an infinite target from the left and right directions on the anterior segment (cornea) of the eye E, and a finite distance on the cornea of the eye E A plurality of second index projection light sources 52b for projecting the target in the oblique direction are arranged concentrically around the optical axis L2.

  The alignment index light beam from the light source 51a is converted into parallel light by a collimating lens (not shown), and an alignment index at infinity is projected onto the anterior segment. The alignment index light beam from the light source 51b is once imaged in the vicinity of the objective lens 25 to form a secondary light source, and an alignment index of finite light is projected onto the anterior eye part.

  Here, the configuration of the alignment detection optical system of the present embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the alignment detection optical system 50. FIGS. 5A and 5B show the configuration of the present invention, and FIG. 5C shows a configuration example of the conventional alignment detection optical system as reference information. Indicates.

  In FIG. 5A, the light source 51 that projects the alignment index onto the cornea (anterior segment) during the anterior segment observation does not allow the alignment index beam from the light source 51 to be directly incident on the image sensor 65 via the first diaphragm 63. Thus, it is preferable that the first diaphragm 63 is placed on the optical axis L2 in the vicinity of the subject. The light source 51 is placed at a position where the position in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis L2 is outside the opening of the first diaphragm 63 and the alignment index light beam emitted from the light source 51 can pass through the objective lens 25.

  In this way, as compared with the case where the light source 51 is placed outside the objective lens 25 and the alignment index light beam from the light source 51 does not pass through the objective lens 25 as in the prior art, the incidence of the light beam incident on the eye E is achieved. The angle (angle with respect to the optical axis L1) can be reduced. Therefore, the alignment index is more easily formed near the center of the corneal apex than in the prior art, and the occurrence of vignetting of the target due to the influence of pupil size, blinking, imaging conditions, and the like can be suppressed.

  Further, by placing the light source 51 in the imaging unit 3 (here, in the optical path of the anterior ocular segment observation optical system 60), the lens barrel 3a of the objective lens 25 can be made smaller than before. As a result, the apparatus can be miniaturized, the distance between the apparatus and the subject's eyes can be easily set, and the operator's eye opening operation can be easily performed. In addition, when the eye and the apparatus are aligned, interference between the lens barrel 3a and the subject is preferably avoided.

  In the configuration in which the light source 51 is placed in the apparatus as described above, the alignment index light beam from the light source 51 passes through optical members such as the field lens 61 and the objective lens 25 before reaching the eye E. . At this time, if a part of the light beam is reflected by the optical member and the reflected light is incident on the image sensor 65, it becomes noise light, and there is a possibility that the image quality is lowered, the contrast is lowered, and the like.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, in order to prevent the reflected light generated on the front and rear surfaces of the field lens 61 from passing through the opening of the first diaphragm 63, the field lens 61 is formed in a concave shape and the reflected light is the first. The light is emitted outside the aperture of the diaphragm 63. As a result, the reflected light does not pass through the opening of the first diaphragm 63, and reflection of the reflected light by the field lens 61 into the captured image is suppressed.

  Further, in order to prevent the reflected light generated on the front and rear surfaces of the objective lens 25 from entering the image sensor 65, a second diaphragm 67 for limiting the light beam that has passed through the first diaphragm 63 is provided on the optical axis L2, and the alignment index from the light source 51 is provided. The light flux passage region is restricted so that it is incident only on the periphery of the objective lens 25 (position avoiding the optical axis L2). As a result, the reflected light generated on the front and rear surfaces of the objective lens 25 is reflected to the outside of the openings of the second diaphragm 67 and the first diaphragm 63, and reflection of the reflected light by the objective lens 25 onto the captured image is suppressed.

  The present invention is not limited to the above configuration. The reflected light generated when the alignment index light beam emitted from the light source 51 passes through each optical member before entering the eye E is radiated to the outside of the first diaphragm 63, thereby causing the image sensor 65. Any structure that does not receive light may be used. That is, the above-described stop is arranged for each optical element constituting the anterior ocular segment observation optical system 60 to suppress the incidence of reflected light on the image sensor 65. Alternatively, as described above, the curved surface shape of the lens may be determined so that the reflected light passes outside the opening of the first diaphragm 63 so that the reflected light does not enter the image sensor 65.

<Fixation Target Presenting Optical System> The fixation target presenting optical system 70 shares the bounce mirror 34 to the objective lens 25 with the fundus oculi observation optical system 30, and further, a visible light source 71, a fixation target switching member 72, a relay. It has a lens 73.
The fixation target switching member 72 presents the fixation target at a different position with respect to the optical axis L1 by transmitting a part of the light flux from the light source 71 and shielding the other light flux. Thereby, the presenting position of the fixation target is switched between standard imaging for imaging the fundus center and peripheral imaging for imaging the fundus periphery. As the fixation target switching member 72, for example, a well-known configuration such as an LCD or a disk plate having a plurality of openings formed at different positions with respect to the optical axis L2 is used.
The light beam that has passed through the fixation target switching member 72 passes through the relay lens 73, the dichroic mirror 37, the flip-up mirror 34, the imaging lens 33, the focusing lens 32, the perforated mirror 22, the dichroic mirror 24, and the objective lens 25. The eye E is projected onto the fundus and fixation of the eye E is performed.

<Control System> The control unit 80 stores the above-described two-dimensional imaging device, insertion / removal mechanism, moving mechanism, light sources, and the like, a drive unit, a joystick 4, a drive unit 6, an operation panel 7, a monitor 8, and the like. A control unit 80 starts various operation controls based on a program stored in advance in the memory 95, triggered by an input signal from the joystick 4, the operation panel 7, or the like.
The control unit 80 detects an alignment index from the anterior segment image captured by the two-dimensional image sensor 65 during alignment between the eye E and the apparatus, and obtains an alignment deviation amount of the imaging unit with respect to the eye E.
At the time of photographing the fundus, the split index is detected from the fundus image photographed by the image sensor 38, and the focusing lens 32 is moved on the optical axis L1 based on the detection result, thereby focusing the fundus.
Further, the control unit 80 causes the memory 95 to store various captured images obtained by the respective two-dimensional image sensors, patient information input by the operation panel 7 and the like, examiner information, and the like.

Next, the operation of the fundus imaging apparatus will be described. Here, an example will be described in which the fundus standard imaging is performed with the fixation target presentation position coincident with the optical axis L2.
First, the examiner turns on the light source 71 of the fixation target presenting optical system 70 to fixate the eye E, and when an imaging unit (not shown) is brought close to the eye E by operating the joystick 4, alignment with the anterior eye image AE is performed. Both index images are captured by the image sensor 65 and displayed on the monitor 8. In the present embodiment, the light source is diffused by the diffusion plate 15 so that the fundus is illuminated with uniform infrared light.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are examples of the anterior segment image AE displayed on the monitor 8, FIG. 6A shows a state where the alignment is not correct, and FIG. 6B shows a state where the alignment is correct.
When the alignment index image projected on the cornea of the eye E is detected by the image sensor 65, the control unit 80 calculates the XY coordinates of the center of the ring shape formed by the index images Ma to Mh projected in the ring shape. Detected as a substantially corneal apex (alignment reference position) to display the alignment index A1 electronically, and the control unit 80 sets a reference position in the XY directions (for example, imaging of the image sensor 65) set in advance on the image sensor 65. A mark A2 serving as an alignment aim is electronically displayed on the monitor 8 corresponding to the intersection of the surface and the photographing optical axis L1. Further, the control unit 80 causes the monitor 8 to display a reticle LT indicating the required pupil diameter with the display position of the mark A2 as the center.

  The control unit 80 drives the driving unit 6 so that the alignment deviation amount in the three-dimensional direction satisfies a predetermined alignment allowable range so that the mark A2 and the alignment index A1 match. The alignment in the working distance direction is confirmed by the indicator G displayed on the monitor 8, and when the number of indicators G is one, the state in which the working distance direction is aligned is confirmed.

  In the prior art, when the pupil diameter of the eye E is small, a part of the alignment index A1 projected around the optical axis L2 may be vignetted at the pupil, and it may be difficult to continue the alignment operation. there were. Further, if the eye blinks during observation, wrinkles or wrinkles are applied to the alignment index A1, and thus the alignment operation may not be continued smoothly.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, the light source 51 for projecting the alignment index A1 is disposed in the optical path of the anterior ocular segment observation optical system 60, and the alignment index light beam from the light source 51 is projected onto the eye via the objective lens 25. . Therefore, the incident angle of the alignment index A1 is not limited by the size of the objective lens 25, and the alignment index A1 is formed at a position closer to the corneal apex (the alignment index is projected at a small incident angle with respect to the eye E). ) As a result, the vignetting of the alignment index A1 due to the size of the pupil diameter of the eye E or the blinking of the eye is less likely to occur, and the alignment operation is smoothly continued.

  Further, in the conventional technique in which the incident angle of the alignment index A1 is limited by the size of the objective lens 25, if the diameter (size) of the objective lens 25 is increased in order to increase the shooting field angle, the alignment index A1 for the eye E is further increased. Therefore, the alignment target A1 becomes more easily vignetted. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the incident angle of the alignment index is not limited by the size of the objective lens 25, the incident angle of the alignment index can be reduced regardless of the shooting angle of view.

  That is, even if the diameter (size) of the objective lens 25 is increased in order to increase the shooting angle of view, the incident angle of the alignment index A1 projected onto the eye can be reduced, and the alignment index A1 is projected near the center of the cornea vertex. The Therefore, the alignment operation is preferably continued even when the field angle of view by the image sensor 65 is increased.

  When the manual mode for manually performing the alignment is selected, the examiner observes the anterior segment image AE displayed on the monitor 8 and operates the joystick 4 to operate the mark A2 and the alignment index. The photographing unit is aligned so that A1 matches. At this time, the control unit 80 obtains a displacement amount in the XY direction by comparing the alignment index A1 and the mark A2, and compares the distance between the index images Ma and Me at infinity and the distance between the index images Mh and Mf at finite distance. Then, the amount of alignment deviation in the Z direction is obtained. Then, it is determined whether the alignment deviation amount in the three-dimensional direction satisfies a predetermined alignment allowable range so that the mark A2 and the alignment index A1 match. Further, the examiner adjusts the position in the working distance direction by operating the joystick 4 so that the number of indicators G displayed on the monitor 8 becomes one.

  At this time, even if the eye E blinks, it is difficult for the eyelids or eyelids to be applied to the alignment index A1, so that the examiner can perform alignment smoothly while checking the alignment index A1. Even if the pupil diameter of the eye E is small, the alignment index A1 is projected without vignetting, and the examiner can easily perform the alignment operation regardless of the state of the eye E.

  On the other hand, when the alignment is set to auto alignment that is automatically performed by control by the control unit 80, the control unit 80 detects the alignment index A1 detected together with the anterior segment imaged by the image sensor 65. Based on the above, the photographing unit 3 is moved by the drive control of the driving unit 6. At this time, if a part of the alignment index A1 is vignetted, the alignment operation may be stopped. On the other hand, in the present invention, the alignment index A1 is projected closer to the center of the corneal apex, so that the alignment operation by the control unit 80 is preferably continued.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the alignment index A1 and the mark A2 coincide with each other to complete the left-right alignment, the number of the indicators G becomes one, and the alignment in the working distance direction is completed. Switches the display on the monitor 8 from the anterior ocular segment image to the fundus image captured by the image sensor 38, and performs fundus focusing using the split index projection optical system 40. FIG. 7 is an example of a fundus image displayed on the monitor 8, and shows a state in which the split indices S1 and S2 match and the fundus is in focus. When the split indexes S1 and S2 are separated, the control unit 80 moves the focusing lens 32 on the optical axis L1 so that the split indexes S1 and S2 are matched based on the detection result.

  When a photographing switch (not shown) is pressed in a focused state, the control unit 80 drives the insertion / removal mechanism 39 and the insertion / removal mechanism 66 to remove the dichroic mirror 24 and the flip-up mirror 34 from the optical axis L1 and to make a visible light source. 14 is turned on. Reflected light from the fundus E illuminated with a visible light beam is received by the imaging device 35 via the objective lens 25 and the optical system from the photographing aperture 31 to the imaging lens 33. The control unit 80 causes the memory 85 to store a captured image obtained by imaging with the imaging element 35. In this embodiment, the fundus is illuminated with uniform visible light by the diffusion by the diffusion plate 15.

  In addition, although the example of the standard imaging | photography of the fundus was shown above, in imaging around the fundus, imaging is performed with the imaging optical axis L1 tilted with respect to the visual axis of the eye E by guidance with a fixation target. (Iris) makes the alignment index A1 easily vignetted. However, in the present invention, since the alignment index A1 is projected closer to the center of the corneal apex, the occurrence of vignetting of the alignment index A1 due to the pupil (iris) is suppressed, and the alignment operation is continued regardless of whether it is manual or automatic as described above. Will come to be.

  In the above description, the alignment operation is performed using both the first index projection light source 51a that emits infinite light and the second index projection light source 51b that emits finite light as the light source 51 of the alignment detection optical system. In addition to this, the light source 51 for projecting the alignment index only needs to be provided with at least one of finite light and infinite light. In this case, the alignment may be adjusted so that the reflected light from the cornea irradiated by the light source 51 is in focus.

  The alignment light source 51 may be provided at a position where an alignment index can be projected onto the eye via the objective lens 25, and may be placed in an optical path other than the anterior ocular segment observation optical system 60. For example, it may be placed in the optical path of the photographing optical system or the illumination optical system. When the light source 51 is placed in the photographing optical system or the illumination optical system, for example, a half mirror is used instead of the dichroic mirror 24 in FIG. As a result, the alignment index is projected onto the anterior segment via the half mirror and the objective lens 25, and the reflected light is guided to the anterior segment observation optical system 60 via the objective lens 25 and the half mirror.

  Furthermore, the light source 51 may be placed outside the optical path of each optical system as long as the alignment index can be projected onto the eye via the objective lens 25. In this case, if a mirror or the like is provided so that the light beam from the light source 51 placed outside the optical path and the optical path of each optical system (anterior ocular segment observation optical system, illumination optical system, photographing optical system) are coaxial. good.

Furthermore, in the above description, a fundus camera which is a kind of fundus photographing apparatus has been described as an example. In addition to this, the configuration of the present invention can be applied to an apparatus that aligns the eye and the apparatus manually or automatically by projecting an alignment index onto the anterior segment of the subject's eye.
For example, the alignment operation can be smoothly performed by applying the configuration of the present invention to an optical tomographic imaging apparatus that captures a tomographic image of a living body such as an eyeball or skin. As an optical tomography apparatus, a light beam emitted from a light source is divided into a measurement light beam and a reference light beam, the measurement light beam is guided to a test object, the reference light beam is guided to a reference optical system, and then reflected by the test object. Examples include OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) having an interference optical system in which interference light obtained by combining a measurement light beam and a reference light beam is received by a light receiving element and capturing a tomographic image of a test object.
Furthermore, even in the case of a fundus photographing apparatus that includes an aberration compensation optical system that compensates the wavefront aberration of the subject's eye and can photograph the fundus of the subject's eye at a high magnification such as a cell level, The alignment operation is preferably continued.

It is an external view of a fundus imaging apparatus. It is a schematic block diagram of the optical system and control system of a fundus imaging apparatus. It is a block diagram when the alignment index optical system is viewed from the optical axis direction. It is an enlarged view near the light source of an illumination optical system. It is explanatory drawing of a structure of an alignment detection optical system. It is an example of the anterior segment image displayed on a monitor. It is an example of the fundus oculi image displayed on the monitor.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Illumination optical system 11 Illumination light source 12 Imaging light source 15 Diffusion plate 25 Objective lens 30 Fundus observation optical system 40 Split index projection optical system 50 Alignment detection optical system 51 Light source for alignment 60 Anterior ocular segment observation optical system 61 Field lens 63 1st aperture 67 Second stop 70 Fixation target presenting optical system 80 Control unit

Claims (6)

Imaging optical system including an illumination optical system including a first light source that irradiates observation illumination light for observing the eye of the subject and a second light source that irradiates imaging illumination light for photographing the fundus of the subject's eye. A fundus photographing apparatus comprising:
In order to shorten the distance of the illumination optical system, the fundus photographing apparatus includes a spherical mirror that reflects a light beam emitted from the first light source and the second light source. The fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1,
The spherical mirror includes a first spherical mirror having an opening through which a light beam from the first light source or the second light source passes, and a mirror portion of the perforated mirror that reflects the light beam that has passed through the first spherical mirror. And a second spherical mirror to be incident on the fundus. The fundus photographing apparatus according to claim 2,
The fundus imaging apparatus, wherein the spherical mirror makes a light beam from the first light source or the second light source parallel light. The fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 3,
A fundus photographing apparatus comprising: a diffusion plate that is placed at a conjugate position with the anterior eye portion of the subject's eye and diffuses the light beam reflected by the spherical mirror to remove illumination spots of the light beam. The fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 4,
The fundus imaging apparatus, wherein the first light source or the second light source is an LED. The fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
The fundus imaging apparatus, wherein the first light source and the second light source are placed on a common optical path.

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