JP2013178207A - Water leakage detection apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water leakage detection apparatus for estimating water leakage distribution in a water distribution block composing a water distribution pipe network and specifying water leakage in the water distribution block.SOLUTION: The water leakage detection apparatus for monitoring a state of the water distribution block includes: a data collection part for collecting flow rate values of a pipeline of an inlet of the water distribution block and pressure values of a plurality of joints on a main line of the water distribution block; a pipe network calculation part for estimating pressure values of joints of the whole water distribution block and a flow rate value of the pipeline; and a main line water leakage estimation part for estimating a virtual water leakage amount of the plurality of joints on the main line on the basis of a water leakage amount of the whole water distribution block, pressure values of the plurality of joints on the main line, which are collected by the data collection part, and the pressure values of the plurality of joints on the main line, which are estimated by the pipe network calculation part.

Description

  The present invention relates to a water leakage detection device that monitors the state of a water distribution block constituting a water distribution pipe network of a water supply facility.

  In general, the water distribution pipe network of waterworks has various types of water leakage due to breakage and corrosion of the pipes, deterioration of the packing of the connection portion, and the like. These leaks not only waste valuable water resources due to delays in detection, but also cause damage such as road collapses and inundation, so it is desirable to detect and repair them at the earliest possible stage.

  Therefore, in order to prevent water leakage in the water distribution pipe network, a method in which a field investigator periodically circulates and investigates the presence or absence of water leakage using a listening stick or the like is used. However, in order to accurately determine the presence or absence of water leakage using a sound adjustment bar, a high level of skill is required of the field investigator, so a device that automatically analyzes the water leakage sound to determine the presence or absence of water leakage in the vicinity is proposed. Has been. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  In addition, based on the composition ratio calculated from information such as burial position, burial age, material, caliber, pipe length, hydrant number, etc. of each pipe line, the amount of water leakage in each area within the distribution block is estimated probabilistically. An apparatus has been proposed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).

  In addition, the optimization calculation that minimizes the difference between the pressure estimated value calculated by the pipe network calculation (also called pipe network analysis and hydraulic analysis) and the pressure value measured by the pressure gauge is used to calculate each node of the pipe network. An apparatus for estimating a water leakage allocation amount has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  Furthermore, the distribution pipe network is divided into multiple distribution blocks by closing valves, etc., and the amount of water leakage in the distribution block is ascertained by measuring the flow rate at night flowing into each distribution block. A system has been proposed that provides information on what to investigate. (For example, refer to Patent Document 4).

JP 2000-155066 A JP 2009-192329 A JP 2010-48058 A JP 2011-191064 A

  However, since the method described in Patent Document 1 is based on the sound of water leakage, it is possible to detect only water leakage at a short distance, and much time and cost are required to investigate water leakage in the entire pipe network. Is the actual situation.

  In addition, the method described in Patent Document 2 is an apparatus for estimating the amount of water leakage in each area in the water distribution block (hereinafter referred to as “water leakage distribution”) for the purpose of improving the efficiency of the water leakage investigation in the water distribution block. Is used to estimate the amount of water leakage probabilistically using information such as the age of each pipeline, but this estimated water leakage distribution does not necessarily match the actual water leakage distribution and is always reliable. It is difficult to provide highly reliable findings. Moreover, since the location of water leakage cannot be estimated pinpointed, it is difficult to identify individual water leakage in the water distribution block.

  In addition, the estimation device described in Patent Document 3 calculates the leakage allocation amount of each node by optimization calculation, but calculates the combination of simultaneously determining the position and amount of multiple large and small leakages. Since it is necessary to do this, the amount of calculation becomes enormous as the number of nodes in the pipe network and the number of water leaks increase, making it difficult to apply to actual pipe networks.

  Furthermore, the method described in Patent Document 4 grasps the amount of water leakage for each water distribution block for the purpose of improving the efficiency of water leakage investigation, but if the area of the water distribution block is large, the position of the water leakage in the water distribution block It takes a lot of time to identify. Therefore, it is conceivable to further divide the water distribution block in order to reduce the time required to specify the water leakage position. However, in order to divide the water distribution block into smaller parts, the cost for installing the valve and maintaining the pipe network increases. In addition, there is a limit because there is a restriction that it becomes difficult to secure the amount of water necessary for fire fighting activities in the event of a fire.

  As described above, with the conventional method, it is possible to grasp the amount of water leakage for each water distribution block, but it is difficult to estimate the water leakage distribution in the water distribution block, and it is difficult to identify individual water leakage in the water distribution block. There is.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and can provide the water leak detection apparatus which can estimate the water leak distribution in a water distribution block efficiently, and can identify each water leak in a water distribution block. With the goal.

  To achieve this object, the present invention is a water leakage detection device that monitors the state of a water distribution block that is connected to a water source and that constitutes a water distribution pipe network, and includes a water demand database that stores the water demand at the nodes of the water distribution block, A network database for storing information on the nodes and pipes of the water distribution block, a flow rate value of a communication pipe located between the water source and the water distribution block and communicating with the water source, and a plurality of lines on the main line of the water distribution block Based on the data collection unit for collecting the pressure value of the node, the information stored in the water demand database and the information stored in the pipe network database, the pressure value of the node of the entire water distribution block, and the Water leakage of the entire distribution block based on the pipe network calculation unit for estimating the flow rate value of the pipeline, and the flow rate value of the communication pipe and the information stored in the water demand database Based on the amount of water leakage of the entire distribution block, the pressure values of a plurality of nodes on the main line collected by the data collection unit, and the pressure values of the plurality of nodes on the main line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit The present invention provides a water leak detection device comprising a main water leak estimation unit for estimating a virtual water leak amount at a plurality of nodes on the main line.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the leak detection apparatus which can estimate the leak distribution in a distribution block efficiently, can identify each leak in a distribution block, and can improve the efficiency of a leak investigation can be provided.

It is a figure which shows typically the water distribution monitoring system provided with the water leak detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing processing in a main-line water leakage estimation unit of the water leakage detection device shown in FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a process in a main line water leakage estimation unit of the water leakage detection device shown in FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing processing in an area forming unit of the water leakage detection device shown in FIG. 3 is a table showing an example of data in an area DB (database) of the water leakage detection device shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing processing in a spot water leakage estimation unit of the water leakage detection device shown in FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing processing in a spot water leakage estimation unit of the water leakage detection device shown in FIG. 3 is a screen example output by an input / output unit of the water leakage detection device shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the process in the main line water leak estimation part of the water leak detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process in the main line water leak estimation part of the water leak detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process in the main line water leak estimation part of the water leak detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows a part of structure of the water leak detection apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention.

  Next, a water leakage detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, embodiment described below is the illustration for demonstrating this invention, and this invention is not limited only to these embodiment. Therefore, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist thereof.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a water distribution monitoring system including a water leakage detection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the water distribution monitoring system 100 according to the first embodiment includes a water distribution facility 101 and a water leakage detection device 102 that is connected to the water distribution facility 101 and monitors the state of the water distribution facility 101.

  The distribution facility 101 includes a distribution reservoir 131 as a water source, a distribution pipe network 132 that is connected to the distribution reservoir 131 and distributes water supplied from the distribution reservoir 131, and a remote sensor that is disposed at a node of the distribution pipe network 132. 141-153.

  In the first embodiment, the water distribution blocks 133 and 134 are arranged in the water distribution pipe network 132. However, in practice, the number of water distribution blocks may be one, or three or more. Also good. Moreover, when there is one water distribution block, the water distribution pipe network and the water distribution block are substantially synonymous. Hereinafter, in order to make the explanation easy to understand, it is assumed that the water distribution block 134 has the same configuration as that of the water distribution block 133, and the description regarding the water distribution block 134 is omitted.

  The distribution block 133 is connected between the distribution reservoir 131 and the distribution block 133 through a communication pipe 135 that is disposed between the distribution reservoir 131 and the distribution block 133. This water distribution block 133 has a water pipe connected like a mesh, and plays a role of a network for supplying water to consumers.

  In the present invention, among the routes of the water distribution block 133, the route with the largest flow rate is referred to as a “trunk line”, and the route other than the trunk line is referred to as a “branch line”. The trunk line can be identified by following the pipe with the largest flow rate from the inlet of the water distribution block 133 toward the downstream. In addition, the location where the water pipe is connected to the water pipe, the location where the remote sensor is installed, and other locations where there is water demand in the water distribution block 133 are referred to as “nodes”, and each water pipe connecting the nodes is referred to as “ It is called “pipeline”. A “route” is a connection of pipelines that can be traced from upstream to downstream.

  The communication pipe 135 is provided with a remote sensor 141 that measures the flow rate flowing into the water distribution block 133. In addition, remote sensors 142 to 145 for measuring the pressure of the nodes are arranged at the nodes on the main line in the water distribution block 133, and the pressures at the nodes are measured at the nodes on the branch lines in the water distribution block 133. Remote sensors 146 to 153 are provided. These remote sensors 141 to 153 are connected to the water leakage detection device 102 via a communication network, and transmit measured data to the data collection unit 114 of the water leakage detection device 102.

  The water leakage detection device 102 is a general computer system including a CPU, a storage device (RAM, hard disk, flash memory, etc.), and an input / output unit 116 (keyboard, display, etc.). In the storage device, an area forming unit 111, a pipe network calculating unit 112, a main water leak estimating unit 113, a data collecting unit 114, and a spot water leak estimating unit 115 are stored as programs, and the CPU stores these programs. Execute. Further, the storage device stores a water demand DB (database) 121, a pipe network DB (database) 122, and an area DB (database) 123 as data in the form of a table or the like, and when executing the program It can be used for. Further, the input / output unit 116 plays a role of an interface with a person in charge who monitors the water distribution block 133.

  The water demand DB 121 is water demand data at nodes in the water distribution block 133 predicted using past performance data. In a general water distribution network, water meters are installed in water pipes that supply water to consumers, and workers read the meter once every two months. The amount can be grasped. Here, the amount of water used does not change significantly, and the water usage pattern for each season, day of the week, and time can be estimated to some extent from the characteristics of the consumer (housing, factory, store, etc.). Water demand is predictable. Especially for large customers, install a water meter that can store the flow rate at each time to accurately grasp the water usage pattern, or grasp a real-time water demand by installing a smart meter with a communication function. By such a method, the prediction of the water demand as the entire distribution block 133 can be made precise. In addition, about the prediction method of water demand, since several well-known techniques are known, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In addition, the difference between the actual water demand that can be grasped by the water meter and the flow rate that flows into the water distribution block 133 is referred to as “non-revenue water”. The amount of non-revenue water is composed of water leaked, stolen water from a fire hydrant, etc., or the amount of water that could not be measured by a meter. In general, non-revenue water accounts for a small proportion of non-leakage water, so in the following, for simplicity of explanation, it will be collectively referred to as “leakage”.

  The pipe network DB 122 stores the connection relationship between pipes and nodes, pipe diameter, length, flow coefficient, node altitude, and distribution tank altitude and water level, etc. necessary for pipe network calculation to be described later. To do.

  The area DB 123 stores area numbers and area coefficients calculated by the area forming unit 111 described in detail later.

  The area forming unit 111 forms a plurality of areas in the water distribution block 133. The processing in the area forming unit 111 will be described in detail later.

  The pipe network calculation unit 112 estimates (simulates) the pressure of the node and the flow rate of the pipe at one time or a plurality of times based on the data stored in the water demand DB 121 and the pipe network DB 122. The calculation for performing this simulation is called pipe network calculation. Since this pipe network calculation itself is a known technique, detailed description thereof is omitted. The pipe network calculation unit 112 receives data from the area formation unit 111, the main water leakage estimation unit 113, and the spot water leakage estimation unit 115, performs pipe network calculation based on these data, and returns the calculation result to each. Hereinafter, this series of processing is simply referred to as “pipe network calculation”.

  The pipe network calculation can be performed even when there is water leakage in the water distribution block 133. There are two methods for setting the amount of water leakage at nodes by pipe network calculation. One is a method of setting a discharge coefficient that represents the size and shape of a water leak hole. The larger the discharge coefficient, the greater the amount of water leak, and the higher the pressure at the node, the greater the amount of water leak. The other method is to add the amount of water leakage to the original water demand at the node to create new water demand. In the following, when the former method is adopted, it is described that the discharge coefficient is set at the node, and when the latter method is adopted, it is described that the amount of water leakage is set at the node.

  The main water leak estimation unit 113 estimates the water leak distribution of the water distribution block 133. Specifically, the virtual water leakage amount at a plurality of nodes on the trunk line of the water distribution block 133 is estimated. These estimated amounts correspond to approximate water leakage amounts for each of a plurality of areas formed by the area forming unit 111. The processing in the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 will be described in detail later.

  The data collection unit 114 collects data measured by the remote sensors 141-153. Data collected by the data collection unit 114 is used by the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 and the spot water leakage estimation unit 115.

  The spot water leakage estimation unit 115 estimates the position and amount of each water leakage in the water distribution block 133. Note that spot water leakage is water leakage with a relatively large amount of water leakage. The processing in the spot water leakage estimation unit 115 will be described in detail later.

  The input / output unit 116 displays estimation results and the like by the area forming unit 111, the main water leakage estimation unit 113, and the spot water leakage estimation unit 115 on a screen and the like, and shows them to a person in charge who monitors the state of the water distribution block 133. In addition, processing such as displaying a more detailed estimation result or the like according to a command or the like input by a person in charge of monitoring the state of the water distribution block or the like.

  Next, details of the processing in the main water leakage estimation unit 113, the processing in the area formation unit 111, and the processing in the spot water leakage estimation unit 115 will be described in order. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing processing in the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 of the water leakage detection device 102 shown in FIG. 1, the upper half is a diagram showing the water distribution block 133, and the lower half is a node on the main line. It is the graph which plotted the piezo head of no. In FIG. 2, in order to make the explanation easy to understand, a part of the pipe and the remote sensor are omitted, and the water distribution block 133 is shown in a tree shape.

  In FIG. 2, F is a node where the remote sensor 141 is installed, and measures the inflow amount to the water distribution block 133. Nm (m = 1 to e, where m is an integer) is a node group in which remote sensors on the trunk line are installed. Among Nm (m = 1 to e), the most upstream node is N1, The most downstream node is Ne. In FIG. 2, m = 1 to 4 are shown for convenience. That is, N1 to N4 are a node group in which remote sensors 142 to 145 on the trunk line are installed, and the pressure at each node is measured by the remote sensors 142 to 145.

  Here, it is assumed that there is water leakage at the node L1 on the branch line branched from N1, and the amount of water leakage is defined as Q1. Compared with the case where there is no water leakage in L1, water flows into the water distribution block 133 by a large amount of water leakage Q1, reaches L1 via N1, and leaks out of the pipeline as water leakage. At this time, if attention is paid only to the main line, it can be considered that N1 has a virtual water leakage of the water leakage amount Q1. Since the actual water leakage is at L1, what appears to be at N1 is only a virtual water leakage.

  In the graph shown in FIG. 2, the point A is a node at the outlet of the distribution reservoir 131. Here, for simplicity of explanation, it is assumed that the water demand is only at the end of the branch line, and the diameter of the pipe and the flow velocity coefficient are constant. The “piezo head” is a value obtained by replacing the sum of the pressure energy and potential energy of water with a height. As water flows through the pipeline, energy is reduced by friction, so the piezo head is usually lower downstream. Also, a line segment or a broken line connecting the piezo heads of nodes is called a “dynamic gradient line”, and the gradient of the dynamic gradient line is called a “dynamic gradient”. The hydraulic gradient can be estimated from the flow rate, length, diameter, and flow velocity coefficient of the pipeline using the Hazen Williams formula or the like. Conversely, if the length, diameter, and flow velocity coefficient of the pipeline are known, the flow rate can be estimated by back calculation from the hydraulic gradient. The greater the flow rate, the greater the energy drop due to friction, so the hydrodynamic gradient becomes larger (the slope becomes steeper).

  A broken line A-B1-C1-D1 in the graph shown in FIG. 2 is a dynamic gradient line when there is no water leakage in the water distribution block 133. A broken line A-B2-C2-D2 is a dynamic gradient line when water leaks in L1. A broken line A-B2-C3-D3 is a dynamic gradient line when it is assumed that the water leakage is not at L1 but at Ne on the trunk line (N4 in the first embodiment). Point B1 and point B2 correspond to N1, point C1, point C2 and point C3 correspond to N2, and point D1, point D2 and point D3 correspond to N4.

  The reason why the hydrodynamic gradient in the line segment A-B2 is steeper than the line segment A-B1 is that the flow rate is larger by the amount of water leakage Q1 of L1. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the hydraulic gradient line varies depending on the presence or absence of water leakage and the position and amount of water leakage. Using this property, it is possible to estimate the presence / absence of water leakage and the position and amount of water leakage.

  If there is water leakage in L1, the coordinates of point A can be obtained from the elevation and water level of the reservoir 131, and the slope of the line segment A-B2 can be obtained from the Hazen Williams formula or the like if the flow rate of F is measured. Since the coordinates of the points B2 and C2 can be obtained by adding the altitude if the pressure is measured by the remote sensors N1 and N2, the inclination of the line segment B2-C2 is obtained. When the slope of the line segment A-B2 is compared with the slope of the line segment B2-C2, and the slope of the line segment B2-C2 is smaller than the slope of the line segment A-B2, a virtual water leak (in fact, It can be seen that there is water leakage in L1. The difference between the flow rate calculated from the slope of the line segment B2-C2 and the flow rate of F is the amount of water leakage. The above process is repeated for Nm (m = 1 to e−1) in order from the upstream, and the outline of the process in the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 is to estimate the virtual water leakage amount at the nodes on the main line.

  As can be seen from FIG. 2, when there is a virtual water leak at a node on the main line, there is an actual water leak near that node or on a branch line that branches off from that node. That is, it can be said that the virtual amount of water leakage at a node on the main line is approximately equal to the amount of water leakage in an area composed of nodes on a branch line that branches near the node or from the vicinity of the node.

  Next, specific processing in the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 will be described along the flowchart shown in FIG.

  Nm (m = 1 to e) is a node group in which remote sensors on the trunk line (remote sensors 142 to 145 in FIG. 2) are installed. Moreover, let the variable showing the amount of water leakage of Nm (m = 1-e) be Qm (m = 1-e). In addition, Qo is used as a temporary variable representing the amount of water leakage.

  In step S201, the variable Qo is initialized. Specifically, the total amount of water leakage of the water distribution block 133 is substituted into the variable Qo. The total amount of water leakage of the water distribution block 133 is calculated by subtracting the total value of the water demand at one point for all nodes of the water distribution block 133 stored in the water demand DB 121 from the flow rate flowing into the water distribution block 133. Next, the process proceeds to step S202.

  In step S202, m is set to 1, and variables Q1 to Qe representing the amount of water leakage are set to zero. Next, the process proceeds to step S203.

  In step S203, a water leakage amount of Nm is provisionally determined and this value is substituted into Qm. However, the variable Qm is a value equal to or less than Qo. Next, the process proceeds to step S204.

  In step S204, a value (Qo−Qm) obtained by subtracting Qm from Qo is substituted for Qe. Next, the process proceeds to step S205.

  In step S205, the water leakage amount of N1 to Ne is set to Q1 to Qe, and pipe network calculation is performed. By pipe network calculation, the pressure of N (m + 1), which is one downstream from Nm, is estimated. That is, when m is 3, the pressure of N4 is estimated. Next, the process proceeds to step S206.

  In step S206, the absolute value d of the difference between the pressure value estimated by the pipe network calculation and the pressure value measured by the remote sensor is calculated for N (m + 1) downstream from Nm. Next, the process proceeds to step S207.

  In step S207, the pressure difference d is compared with a preset threshold value. If the pressure difference d is equal to or greater than the threshold value (step S207: YES), the process returns to step S203, and another value is substituted for Qm to repeat the process. On the other hand, if the pressure difference d is less than the threshold value (step S207: NO), the process proceeds to step S208.

  In step S208, it is determined whether m + 1 is equal to e. If m + 1 is not equal to e (step S208: NO), the process proceeds to step S209. If m + 1 is equal to e (step S208: YES), since all Qm (m = 1 to e) have been calculated, the process ends.

  In step S209, 1 is added to m, a value obtained by subtracting Qm from Qo (Qo−Qm) is substituted for Qo, and the process returns to step S203.

  The above is a specific processing flow in the main line water leakage estimation unit 113. In addition, it is desirable to speed up the process which calculates | requires Qm in step S203 to step S207 using algorithms, such as a hill-climbing method. In correspondence with FIG. 2, the process of obtaining Qm from step S203 to step S207 corresponds to the part of obtaining the slope of line segment B2-C2 in FIG. Qo corresponds to the slope of the line segment A-B2, and Qo-Qm corresponds to the slope of the line segment B2-C2. As described above, the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 considers that there is virtual water leakage at a node on the main line, and estimates the amount of water leakage. This amount of water leakage is an approximate amount of water leakage for each area formed by the area forming unit 111.

  Next, details of processing in the area forming unit 111 will be described with reference to a flowchart shown in FIG. Here, the flow of processing for assigning an area number to a certain node Ni will be described.

  The area forming unit 111 forms the areas 1 to e by assigning the area numbers 1 to e to all nodes of the water distribution block 133, respectively. A node group in which remote sensors on the trunk line are installed is Nm (m = 1 to e), and a variable representing a water leakage amount of Nm (m = 1 to e) is Qm (m = 1 to e). In addition, let Qu be the amount of water leakage per general water leakage.

  First, in step S301, the amount of water leakage at the node Ni is set to Qu. Next, the process proceeds to step S302.

  In step S <b> 302, pipe network calculation is performed, and the pressure of Nm (m = 1 to e) and the inflow amount to the water distribution block 133 are estimated. These values correspond to the measured values of the remote sensor when it is assumed that Ni has water leakage. Next, the process proceeds to step S303.

  In step S303, the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 obtains a virtual water leakage amount Qm (m = 1 to e) of Nm (m = 1 to e). However, instead of the pressure and flow rate measured by the remote sensor, the pressure and flow rate estimated by pipe network calculation in step S302 are used. Next, the process proceeds to step S304.

  In step S304, Qm (m = 1 to e) is divided by the total value of Qm to obtain an area coefficient Kim (m = 1 to e) for the node Ni. Further, among Qm (m = 1 to e), the largest subscript number Qm is the Ni area number. The area number and area coefficient are stored in the area DB 123.

  The above is the flow of processing for assigning an area number to a certain node Ni in the area forming unit 111. The above processing is repeated for all nodes of the water distribution block 133, and the area numbers and area coefficients of all nodes are stored in the area DB 123.

  FIG. 5 is a data example of the area DB 123 that stores area numbers and area coefficients. One line corresponds to the area number and area coefficient of one node. When there is water leakage at a node in the area formed by the area forming unit 111, the largest virtual water leakage appears at a node on the trunk line that is a subscript of the same number as the area number. Moreover, the ratio of the virtual water leakage amount which appears in the some node on a trunk line is an area coefficient. Returning to FIG. 2, when there is water leakage in L1, the largest virtual water leakage appears at the node N1 on the trunk line.

  FIG. 6 is an example in which areas are formed in the water distribution block 133, and four areas are formed with broken lines as boundary lines of the areas. In FIG. 6, there is water leakage at the nodes L1 to L4. Some areas have one leak and some areas have multiple leaks. The amount of water leakage in each area is approximately obtained by the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 as the virtual water leakage amount at the nodes N1 to N4 on the main line. More precisely, the amount of water leakage of each of L1 to L4 is distributed to the nodes N1 to N4 on the trunk line at the ratio of the area coefficient, and the total amount is the amount of virtual water leakage of the nodes N1 to N4 on the trunk line. It has come to appear as.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 6, the outline | summary of the process in the spot water leak estimation part 115 is demonstrated.

  The spot water leakage estimation unit 115 returns (rearranges) the virtual water leakage amount of the nodes on the main line to the nodes where the actual water leakage in the water distribution block 133 is located according to the ratio of the area coefficient. Estimate location and water leakage. In this way, the two-step method of first estimating the virtual water leakage amount of the nodes on the main line and then determining the individual water leakage position and water leakage amount is the following in estimating the individual water leakage. There are such merits.

  First, there is a merit that it is possible to estimate to some extent how each water leak exists in the water distribution block 133. For example, when there is an area where the amount of water leakage is clearly larger than other areas, there is a high possibility that there is a water leakage with a particularly large amount of water leakage or a large number of water leakages in that area. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently estimate a large amount of water leakage by searching the area with priority. For example, in FIG. 6, the water leakage of L1 appears mainly as a virtual water leakage at N1. Similarly, the leakage of L2 and L3 appears mainly at N3, and the leakage of L4 appears mainly at N4. Therefore, if the leak amount of L1 to L4 is about the same, the virtual leak amount of N3 increases and the virtual leak amount of N2 decreases.

  Second, when there are a plurality of water leaks in the water distribution block 133, there is an advantage that these water leaks are easily separated and estimated. For example, in FIG. 6, the pressure of L1 is not only determined by the amount of water leaked by L1, but is also affected by the amount of water leaked by L2 to L4. This is because not only the water leakage of L1, but also the flow rate of water leakage of L2 to L4 flows into the water distribution block 133, and the pressure of L1 is lowered. Similarly, each of the pressures L2 to L4 is also affected by the amount of water leakage at other nodes. That is, the plurality of water leaks have a property of affecting each other. The amount of water leakage of L1 to L4 only needs to be determined at the same time. However, since the dimension of the search space increases according to the number of water leaks, the amount of calculation increases rapidly and becomes impossible to calculate. In practice, it is necessary to determine not only the amount of water leakage but also the water leakage position at the same time, which increases the amount of calculation.

  In the present invention, by assuming a virtual water leak at a node on the main line, it is possible to minimize the influence of the water leak of L2 to L4 when estimating the water leak amount of L1. This is because the flow rate from the inlet of the water distribution block to L1 is almost the same regardless of whether the actual water leakage position is in L2 to L4 or N2 to N4 on the main line. The reason why the flow rate does not change is that most of the flow rate from the inlet of the water distribution block to L2 to L4 passes through N2 to N4 on the main line. This applies similarly when estimating each of L2 to L4.

  Next, a specific processing flow of the spot water leakage estimation unit 115 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

  A node group in which remote sensors on the trunk line are installed is Nm (m = 1 to e), and a variable representing a virtual water leakage amount of Nm (m = 1 to e) is Qm (m = 1 to e). Moreover, let Ns (s = 1-g) be the node group which installed the remote sensor of the whole water distribution block 133 including Nm (m = 1-e). Further, the node of the water distribution block 133 is represented by Ni (i = 1 to n), and the variable representing the Ni release coefficient is Ci (i = 1 to n). Further, the area coefficient relating to the node Ni is represented by Kim (i = 1 to n, m = 1 to e).

  First, in step S401, the variable Ci representing the Ni emission coefficient is initialized. Specifically, Ci (i = 1 to n) is set to zero. Next, the process proceeds to step S402.

  In step S402, Ni is selected as one of the nodes of the water distribution block 133, a Ni release coefficient is provisionally determined, and is substituted into the variable Ci. Next, the process proceeds to step S403.

  In step S403, the Ni release coefficient is set to Ci, pipe network calculation is performed, and the pressure of Ns (s = 1 to g) and the pressure of Ni are estimated. Next, the process proceeds to step S404.

  In step S404, the difference between the pressure value estimated by the pipe network calculation and the pressure value measured by the remote sensor is calculated for each of Ns (s = 1 to g). Further, the geometric mean value is calculated and set as the pressure difference d. Next, the process proceeds to step S405.

  In step S405, the pressure difference d is compared with a preset threshold value. If the pressure difference d is equal to or greater than the threshold value (step S405: YES), the process returns to step S402, and another value is substituted for Ci, and the process is performed again. However, when the number of processing steps from step S402 to step S405 regarding the node Ni is equal to or greater than a predetermined number of times, instead of substituting another value for Ci and restarting the processing, Ci is reset to zero and the node Ni Select another node other than and redo the process. On the other hand, if the pressure difference d is less than the threshold value (step S405: NO), the process proceeds to step S406.

  In step S406, the value of Qm (m = 1 to e) is updated. Specifically, the Ni release coefficient Ci is multiplied by the square root of the Ni pressure value estimated by the pipe network calculation, the Ni area coefficient Kim is multiplied, and a value subtracted from each Qm is substituted. A value obtained by multiplying the discharge coefficient Ci by the square root of the pressure value of Ni is an estimated value of the amount of leaked Ni. Ni leakage appears at the nodes Nm (m = 1 to e) on the main line in the area coefficient ratio. Therefore, the value obtained by multiplying the estimated value of Ni water leakage by the area coefficient Kim is the respective node on the main line. This is a virtual water leak amount that appears in Nm (m = 1 to e). By subtracting this from Qm, the amount of Ni water leakage is removed from the virtual water leakage amount Qm (m = 1 to e) of the nodes on the main line. Next, the process proceeds to step S407.

  In step S407, the total value of Qm (m = 1 to e) is compared with a preset threshold value. If the total value is less than or equal to the threshold value (step S407: YES), or if the number of times of processing from step S402 to step S407 is equal to or greater than a predetermined number of times (step S407: YES), the process ends. On the other hand, when the total value is larger than the threshold value and the number of processing times is less than a predetermined number of times (step S407: NO), the process returns to step S402 and the processing is performed again.

  The above is a specific processing flow of the spot water leakage estimation unit 115. When selecting Ni in step 402, it is desirable to preferentially select nodes in an area where the amount of water leakage is large. In addition, it is desirable to speed up the process of obtaining the value of Ci in steps S402 to S405 using an algorithm such as a hill-climbing method.

  In addition, in order to estimate each water leak more correctly, it is desirable to perform the process mentioned above about several time. Specifically, Qm (m = 1 to e) at a plurality of times is calculated, a pipe network calculation at a plurality of times is performed at step S403, an average value of a plurality of times of the pressure difference d is calculated at step S404, It is desirable to update Qm (m = 1 to e) at a plurality of times in step S406.

  FIG. 8 is an example of a screen output by the input / output unit 116 of the estimation results of the main line leakage estimation unit 113, the area formation unit 111, and the spot water leakage estimation unit 115. The left side of the screen displays the water distribution block 133, the arrangement of the remote sensors, the estimated position of each leaked water, and the like. The upper right part of the screen is a graph showing the approximate amount of water leakage for each area of the water distribution block 133, and the central part on the right side of the screen is a graph showing the relationship between the approximate amount of water leaked for each area and the time transition. In the lower right part of, a table showing the position and amount of water leakage in each area is displayed. In addition, the position of the water leak of each area is shown by the position (X, Y) corresponding to the X-axis and Y-axis shown in FIG.

  From FIG. 8, in area 1 (# 1), there is a water leak of 4.0 at position (0.5,1), and in area 2 (# 2), 1.5 is at position (2.5,4). There is water leakage, in area 3 (# 3) there is 6.0 water leakage at position (0.5,5), and in area 4 (# 4) it is 5.0 at position (3.5,6). It was estimated that there was water leakage.

  In this way, by identifying individual water leaks in the water distribution block 133, the time required for the water leak investigation can be shortened.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, a water leakage detection apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It is a figure which shows typically the process in the main line water leak estimation part of the water leak detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the main difference of the water leakage detection device according to the second embodiment from the water leakage detection device according to the first embodiment is that the flow rate of the main line is used instead of the remote sensors 142 to 145 that measure the pressure of the main line. Remote sensors 242, 243,. . . In place of the remote sensors 146 to 153 that measure the pressure of the branch line, a remote sensor (not shown) that measures the flow rate of the branch line, and a node group Fm (m = 1) where the remote sensor is installed ~ E-1) is a point for estimating a virtual water leak amount for a node Nm (m = 1 to e) between the node and the node. Further, as a reference for estimating the virtual water leakage amount at the node Nm on the main line, the difference in the flow rate values of the node group Fm is used instead of the difference in the pressure value of N (m + 1). Note that other configurations, processing, and the like of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating processing in the main water leak estimation unit of the water leak detection device according to the second embodiment. As described above, the main point of the water leakage detection device according to the second embodiment that is different from the water leakage detection device according to the first embodiment is part of the processing in the main line water leakage estimation unit 113. Therefore, the specific process in the main line water leakage estimation part 113 is demonstrated along the flowchart shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 10, processing different from the first embodiment in the main water leakage estimation unit 113 is Step S1006 and Step S1007. That is, in the second embodiment, after performing the same processing as steps S201 to S205 shown in FIG. 2, the process proceeds to step S1006. In step S1006, the flow rate difference of the node group Fm (m = 1 to e−1) in which the remote sensor is installed is calculated. Next, the process proceeds to step S1007.

  Step S1007 includes step S1006 and step S1007. In step 1007, the flow rate difference calculated in step S1006 is compared with a preset threshold value. Next, the process proceeds to step S208. Thereafter, the same processing as in the first embodiment is performed.

(Embodiment 3)
Next, a water leakage detection apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 11: is a flowchart which shows the process in the main line water leak estimation part of the water leak detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention.

  The main point of the water leakage detection device according to Embodiment 3 that is different from the water leakage detection device according to Embodiment 1 is that both a remote sensor that measures the main line pressure and a remote sensor that measures the main line flow rate are installed. Measure the pressure with the remote sensor that installs both the remote sensor that measures the pressure of the branch line and the remote sensor that measures the flow rate of the branch line, and the remote sensor installed at the node Nm (m = 1 to e) on the trunk line, and This is a point at which the flow rate is measured by a remote sensor installed at an intermediate node Fm (m = 1 to e-1) of Nm (m = 1 to e).

  That is, the difference in the pressure value of N (m + 1) and the difference in the flow value of Fm are used together as a reference when estimating the virtual water leakage amount at the node Nm on the main line. Specifically, for example, a weighted average value is calculated by the ratio of the measurement accuracy of the remote sensor that measures the pressure and the measurement accuracy of the remote sensor that measures the flow rate, and is compared with a preset threshold value. Other configurations, processes, and the like of the third embodiment are the same as those of the first or second embodiment.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing in the main line water leakage estimation unit 113 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Processing different from the first embodiment or the second embodiment in the main water leakage estimation unit 113 is Step S1106, Step S1107, and Step 1108. That is, in the third embodiment, after performing the same processing as steps S201 to S205 shown in FIG. 2, the process proceeds to step S1006. In step S1106, the pressure difference at the node N (m + 1) is calculated. Next, the process proceeds to step S1107.

  In step S1107, the flow rate difference at the node Fm is calculated. Next, the process proceeds to step S1108.

  In step S1108, a weighted average value is calculated from the pressure difference calculated in step S1106 and the flow rate difference calculated in step S1107, and compared with a preset threshold value. Next, the process proceeds to step S208. Thereafter, the same processing as in the first or second embodiment is performed.

  In the first to third embodiments described above, the remote sensor installed in the water distribution block 133 always measures the latest value, the data collection unit 114 collects the data, and the main water leak estimation unit 113 is on the main line. By repeatedly estimating the virtual water leakage amount at the nodes, it is possible to constantly monitor the water leakage distribution of the water distribution block 133, and the virtual water leakage amount at the nodes on the trunk line is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value. It is desirable to issue a warning or the like when there is a sudden increase. Specifically, for example, a warning message is displayed on a screen, a warning sound is emitted, a short mail is sent to a portable terminal held by a person in charge of monitoring the state of a water distribution block, or the like. By doing in this way, the leak distribution in the water distribution block 133 is always estimated, and a warning is issued to the age when the leak amount has increased rapidly, so that the time until the leak repair can be shortened.

  Moreover, as another embodiment of this invention, as shown in FIG. 12, for example, valves 300, 301, 302. . . When a virtual water leak amount at a node on the main line suddenly increases above a preset threshold value, a valve of a pipe branching from the node on the main line where the water leak amount increased (FIG. 12). The valve 300) may be closed. By closing the valve in this way, the amount of water leakage can be effectively reduced.

  Furthermore, the water leakage detection device 102 according to the present invention is not limited to a general computer system, and may be realized in hardware by designing a part or all of it, for example, with an integrated circuit. By cloud computing or the like, it may be configured by a plurality of devices, or the same function may be realized by other information devices.

  In addition, the water distribution facility 101 may be configured to include a pump between the water distribution reservoir 131 and the water distribution block 133, for example, and is not directly distributed from the water distribution reservoir 131 to the water distribution block 133, but other water distribution blocks. It may be configured to distribute water via

  Furthermore, the lines representing the exchange of information and the like in the above-described drawings indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and do not necessarily indicate all of the products. Actually, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Water distribution monitoring system, 101 ... Water distribution equipment, 102 ... Water leak detection apparatus, 111 ... Area formation part, 112 ... Pipe network calculation part, 113 ... Main line water leak estimation part, 114 ... Data collection part, 115 ... Spot water leak estimation part, 116: Input / output unit, 131: Reservoir, 132: Water distribution network, 133, 134: Water distribution block, 135: Communication pipe, 141-153 ... Remote sensor, 300 ... Valve

Claims (9)

A water leakage detection device for monitoring the state of a water distribution block connected to a water source and constituting a water distribution pipe network,
A water demand database for storing the water demand at the nodes of the water distribution block;
A pipe network database for storing information about nodes and pipes of the water distribution block;
A data collection unit for collecting a flow rate value of a communication pipe located between the water source and the water distribution block and communicating the two, and pressure values of a plurality of nodes on the main line of the water distribution block;
A network calculation unit for estimating a pressure value of a node of the entire water distribution block and a flow rate value of the pipeline based on information stored in the water demand database and information stored in the pipeline network database; ,
Based on the flow rate value of the communication pipe and the information stored in the water demand database, the amount of water leakage of the entire water distribution block is estimated, and the amount of water leakage of the whole water distribution block and the main line collected by the data collection unit Based on the pressure values of a plurality of nodes and the pressure values of a plurality of nodes on the main line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit, the main line water leakage estimation unit that estimates the virtual water leakage amount of the plurality of nodes on the main line,
A water leakage detection device characterized by comprising: A water leakage detection device for monitoring the state of a water distribution block connected to a water source and constituting a water distribution pipe network,
A water demand database for storing the water demand at the nodes of the water distribution block;
A pipe network database for storing information about nodes and pipes of the water distribution block;
A data collection unit for collecting a flow rate value of a communication pipe located between the water source and the water distribution block and communicating the two, and a flow value of a plurality of pipes on the main line of the water distribution block;
A network calculation unit for estimating a pressure value of a node of the entire water distribution block and a flow rate value of the pipeline based on information stored in the water demand database and information stored in the pipeline network database; ,
Based on the flow rate value of the communication pipe and the information stored in the water demand database, the amount of water leakage of the entire water distribution block is estimated, and the amount of water leakage of the whole water distribution block and the main line collected by the data collection unit Based on the flow rate values of a plurality of pipelines and the flow rate values of the plurality of pipelines on the main line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit, the main line leak estimation unit for estimating the virtual water leak amount at a plurality of nodes on the main line; ,
A water leakage detection device characterized by comprising: The data collection unit further collects pressure values of a plurality of nodes on the main line of the water distribution block,
The main line water leakage estimation unit includes the amount of water leakage of the entire distribution block, the flow values of a plurality of pipelines on the main line collected by the data collection unit, and the pressures of a plurality of nodes on the main line collected by the data collection unit. Of the plurality of nodes on the main line based on the values, the flow values of the plurality of pipes on the main line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit, and the pressure values of the plurality of nodes on the main line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit. The water leakage detection device according to claim 2, wherein a virtual water leakage amount is estimated. The water distribution block has the main line and a branch line branched from the main line,
The node is provided on the trunk line and the branch line,
The data collection unit further collects pressure values at a plurality of nodes on a branch line of the water distribution block,
The main water leakage estimation unit includes the amount of water leakage of the entire distribution block, the pressure values of the nodes on the main line collected by the data collection unit, and the pressure values of the nodes on the branch line collected by the data collection unit. A plurality of nodes on the main line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit and a plurality of nodes on the branch line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit. The water leakage detection device according to claim 1, wherein a virtual water leakage amount at a node is estimated. The water distribution block has the main line and a branch line branched from the main line,
The node is provided on the trunk line and the branch line,
The data collection unit further collects flow values of a plurality of pipelines on branch lines of the water distribution block,
The main line leakage estimation unit is configured to calculate a leakage amount of the entire distribution block, flow values of a plurality of pipelines on the main line collected by the data collection unit, and a plurality of pipelines on the branch line collected by the data collection unit. Based on the flow value, the flow values of the plurality of pipelines on the main line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit, and the flow values of the plurality of pipes on the branch line estimated by the pipe network calculation unit, The leak detection device according to claim 2, wherein a virtual leak amount of a plurality of nodes on the line is estimated. An area forming unit;
An area database;
Further comprising
The area forming unit sets the amount of water leakage at the nodes in the water distribution block,
The main line water leakage estimation unit estimates a virtual water leakage amount of a plurality of nodes on the main line,
The said area formation part calculates the area number and area coefficient regarding the node to which the said water leakage amount was set, and memorize | stores it in the said area database, The Claim 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. Water leak detection device. A spot water leakage estimation unit,
The data collection unit further collects pressure values of nodes other than the main line of the water distribution block,
The spot water leakage estimation unit includes a virtual water leakage amount of a plurality of nodes on the main line estimated by the main line water leakage estimation unit, an area coefficient stored in the area database, and nodes other than the main line collected by the data collection unit. The position and amount of each leak in the water distribution block are estimated based on the pressure value of the pipe and the pressure value at the nodes of the entire pipe network estimated by the pipe network calculation unit. Water leakage detection device. The data collection unit repeatedly collects the latest pressure value and flow value of the water distribution block at all times,
The main line water leakage estimation unit estimates a virtual water leakage amount at a plurality of nodes on the main line based on the latest pressure value and flow rate value collected by the data collection unit, and issues a warning when the water leakage amount suddenly increases. The water leakage detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: Provided with a valve on the pipe branching from the main line in the water distribution block,
The data collection unit repeatedly collects the latest pressure value and flow value of the water distribution block at all times,
The main line water leakage estimation unit estimates a virtual water leakage amount at a plurality of nodes on the main line based on the latest pressure value and flow rate value collected by the data collection unit, and when the water leakage amount rapidly increases, The water leakage detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a valve installed in a pipe branching from a node on the trunk line that has rapidly increased is closed.

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