JP2013165700A - Apparatus for growing plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that the conventional plant culture apparatus, particularly a horticulture, is in a state in which a soil layer 13 is always wet caused by a condition in which roots and stems of plants are submerged under water, or by scattering of water drops, therefore the condition causes for root rot by generating the condition in which the degree of water rot is high, the soil layer is easily oxidized and has bad aeration, so the roots can not breathe, therefore the culture apparatus is limited to plants strong to water or preferring water, and is a culture apparatus for limited plants.SOLUTION: Various species of plants are brought to be able to grow by improving the growth environment of the plants in a soil layer 13 by installing a water layer 4, an air/water layer 7, an air layer 9 and the soil layer 13, vaporizing elements required of the plants from a liquid (water) to a water-containing air (moist air) through the function of each layer, particularly the air layer 9, guiding the air from the inside of the air layer 9 having generated the state of pressure elevation to a vent plate 11 placed on the bottom surface of the soil layer 13, supplying the elements required of the plants by permeation, vaporizing and scattering them into the soil layer 13 and transpiring on the surface of the soil layer 13.

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant growth apparatus capable of adjusting the growth environment of plants such as trees, flowers, foliage plants, leaf vegetables, and moss having different growth environments.

  As conventional devices for growing plants, hydroponic cultivation devices are known. However, in these devices, bubbles or bubbles are generated in the water, and when splashed on the surface of the water level, splashes (water droplets / splashes) are scattered. ), The plant that grows while directly supplying water to soiled plants and soil, and the newly grown roots are stretched and reached toward the water level surface and transferred to hydroponics. Therefore, when the roots or stems of plants are always immersed in or in contact with water, water is liable to be oxidized due to excessive water intake, poor ventilation around the roots, and clogging of the roots, resulting in a high root decay rate. In addition, there is no wet and dry rhythm environment in the soil, and the roots cannot suffocate due to high temperature and dryness, resulting in suffocation and root rot. For this reason, there was a problem that it was an apparatus which grows a limited plant (for example, refer to patent documents 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-313716

  As described above, the conventional plant growth apparatus has a structure in which the root of the plant is always immersed in water or in contact with water, so that the plant is resistant to water (herb, lettuce, spinach, strawberry tomato, tulip, hyacinth). Only a limited number of plants were able to grow. Moreover, since the conventional apparatus supplies water by the splash which is scattered when it flies on the surface of the water, the hydroponics apparatus is integrated with the water part and the pot or the soil layer. For this reason, the weight of the device itself is heavy, making it difficult to plant the rooftop where the installation load is limited. Furthermore, it has many problems that it is difficult to install in a very small space, such as indoors or outdoors in a building, residential area, residential veranda or the like.

The first invention solves the problems of such a conventional apparatus, and for the growth of plants, the adjustment of nutrients, moisture and air necessary for the soil layer 13 is suppressed and supplied. The layer 4, the air / water layer 7 (included in the air layer 9), the four layers of the air layer 9 and the soil layer 13, three containers forming them, and the bubble generating device 1 (air pump / aeration) Plant growth equipment composed of equipment, aeration equipment, diffuser equipment, etc.).
1. The water layer 4 is formed by a water container 6 and is a place where the air diffuser 3 is installed to generate bubbles, and also a place for preparing and adjusting the state of nutrients, moisture and air necessary for the plant. Water can be purified with a filter, and the temperature of the water layer 4, air layer 9 and soil layer 13 can be adjusted with a heater, or nutrients, oxygen, enzymes, water quality adjusting solution (PH, hardness, etc.) can be introduced. Air in the installation space was taken in by the generator, and air diffusion was performed by the diffuser tube 3 to increase the dissolved oxygen ratio in the water layer 4 and to liquefy and transfer each element.
2. The air / water layer 7 is a space generated at the bottom of the air layer between the water level surface 5 of the water layer and the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer. The volume / volume of the air / water layer varies and the air / water surface 8 generated from the water level surface 5 varies depending on the air discharge amount, the volume of the water layer, the specifications of the air diffuser 3 and the like. The air-water layer 7 becomes saturated water vapor pressure due to splashes (water droplets / splashes) when it bounces due to the evaporation from the water level surface 5 and the burst of bubbles / bubbles caused by the difference in specific gravity and atmospheric pressure, and water and gas components are mixed, High pressure and high humidity are formed.
3. The air layer 9 includes the air layer 7 and is a space between the water level surface 5 and the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer. The surface is sealed at the bottom surface of the soil layer container 14, and the bottom surface is formed in the container 10 of the water tank and the air layer container 10 that creates a sealed state at the water level surface 5.
(1) Splashes (water droplets / drops) scattered in the air-water layer 7 adhere to the inner surface of the air layer container 10 and the bottom surface of the soil layer container 14 or to water due to condensation caused by a temperature difference or atmospheric pressure difference. It is a layer that has the function of flowing to layer 6 and dropping.
(2) The gas (humid air containing plant growth elements) separated and adjusted by the air / water layer 7 which has caused high pressure and high humidity is separated and adjusted to the upper part of the air layer 9 by the intermittent increase in pressure, and It is guided to the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer, and is discharged from the surface of the soil layer 13 to the installation space while ventilating, evaporating and diffusing inside the soil layer 13 having a low atmospheric pressure.
(3) The air layer 9 is a container that also serves as a gas induction pipe that guides bubbles and bubbles generated in the liquid surface of the water layer 4 to the vent plate 11. Therefore, the air layer container 10 can be integrated (water layer 4 / soil layer 13) or divided (only the water layer 4 and only the soil layer 13 are taken in) by changing its shape, height and length. Is possible.
Furthermore, it was possible to provide a plurality of soil layer containers 14 by branching the air layer.
4). The soil layer 13 is spread with a soil material 12 (natural stone, ceramic, filter, fiber, resin, etc.) suitable for plants, and the soil material 12 is formed by a container of the soil layer 14. Elements necessary for the plant are vaporized in the air layer 9 and the gas is aerated, evaporated and diffused in the soil layer 13 to create a wet and dry environment in the soil layer 13 and at the same time the soil material 12 is absorbed and absorbed. It was possible to prepare, maintain and maintain the plant growth environment, and to grow a wide variety of plants. Furthermore, it has a function of improving the spatial environment by generating fine wind by evaporation from the surface of the soil layer 13 and transpiration from the plant, and releasing appropriate wet air purified from the surface of the soil layer 13 to the installation space. The vent plate 11 installed on the bottom surface of the soil layer container 14 mainly uses a punching panel / mesh plate to adjust the amount of gas flow from the air layer 9 and the soil of splashed water droplets (splashes). It serves to prevent intrusion into the layer 13 and further prevent the soil material 12 from falling into the air layer 9 and the water layer 4.

  Next, according to the second aspect of the present invention, one of the four layers, the air layer 9, liquefies water containing elements necessary for plant growth according to the function and role of the water layer 4 by air-relation and bubbles. From the specific gravity and atmospheric pressure difference of the water level surface 5, bubbles burst and evaporate, the liquid is vaporized, and the gas is ventilated, evaporated and diffused through the vent plate 11 by the intermittent pressure rise, The growth conditions of the soil layer 13 can be adjusted and controlled by adsorption and water absorption on the soil material in the soil layer 13. In the air layer 9, excess water that cannot be evaporated in the air / water layer 7 becomes water droplets / drops in the air layer container 10 due to temperature difference, atmospheric pressure difference, and rupture from the outside air, and is condensed on the inner wall surface and ceiling surface. And flows down to the water layer 4. Further, the air vent plate 11 provided on the ceiling surface of the air layer 9 prevents the invasion of the droplets (water droplets / drops) into the soil layer 11 when the bubbles bounce on the water level surface, and the gas with appropriate wettability is intermittent. It is possible to inductively supply the soil layer 11 according to the pressure state. The air layer 9 is a part where a water state and a gas component are mixed to form a high atmospheric pressure and a high humidity state. The air layer 9 is a layer having a function and a role for separating and adjusting a necessary vaporized component above the air layer 9. Therefore, it is necessary to keep a distance from the soil layer 13.

  Further, according to the third aspect of the present invention, the air layer 9 guides bubbles and bubbles generated in the liquid surface of the water layer 4 to the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer. A container that also serves as a gas induction tube. By changing the shape, height, and length of the air layer container, the apparatus is integrated (water layer 4, air layer 9, soil layer 13) or divided (water layer 4, air layer, soil layer 13 and An air layer 9) is possible, and the air layer 9 can be branched, and a plurality of soil layer containers 14 can be provided. By dividing each layer, the equipment can be installed on a rooftop where the total weight is reduced and the installation load is severely restricted. In addition, a water supply / drain port 15 is provided on the bottom surface of the lower part of the air layer or the upper part of the bottom surface, and the diffuser 3 or the air lift type filter 16 is provided on the upper part, thereby existing ponds, rivers, fire prevention water layers, water tanks. This equipment can be installed in septic tanks and aeration tanks. With these functions, it is a plant growth device that expands the possibility of installing water and greening areas, and has functions that can contribute to the improvement of the spatial environment in the narrow spaces of city centers, factories, public spaces, and living spaces.

Therefore, according to the plant growing apparatus according to the present invention, (1) general hydroponics is a state in which the roots and stems of the plant are always immersed in water and in contact with each other. Stem rot is likely to occur, especially plants that dislike moisture are considered difficult to grow. The reason for this is that the soil layer 13 is provided directly on the top of the air-water layer 7 of the present invention, so that water is supplied to the roots and stems by splashes (water droplets / splashes) scattered on the water surface. This device is configured by supplying an air layer 9 and supplying water gas (moist air) to the soil layer 13 instead of water liquid in the space. The gas prepared, adjusted, and controlled in the soil layer 13 generates a breeze on the surface of the soil layer 13 by aeration, evaporation, and diffusion in the soil layer 13 to form a moist and dry environment, thereby preventing plant root and stem rot. Appropriate conditions and elements were given to the plant and maintained, enabling the formation of an optimal soil environment.
{Circle around (2)} Hydroponic cultivation so far has limited the plants that can grow, and the growth device has been designed to match the growing plant. The plant growth apparatus of the present invention enables growth of a wide variety of plants with one apparatus by forming the growth conditions and environment suitable for the growing plant with the functions and roles of the four layers.
(3) The air layer 9 also serves as a gas induction pipe that guides bubbles and bubbles generated in the liquid surface of the water layer 4 to the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the soil layer container 14. It is a container. By changing the shape, height, and length of the air layer container, the apparatus is integrated (water layer 4, air layer 9, soil layer 13) or divided (water layer 4, air layer, soil layer 13 and An air layer 9) is possible, and a branch pipe can be attached to the air layer 9 to enable branching, and a plurality of soil layer containers 14 can be provided.
(4) The total weight of the device can be reduced by dividing the layer, and it can be installed on a rooftop where installation load is severely restricted. Further, by providing a water supply / drain port 15 on the bottom surface of the lower part of the air layer or the upper part of the bottom surface, and providing the air diffuser 3 or the air lift type filter 16 on the upper part, an existing pond, river, fire prevention water layer This equipment can be installed in water storage tanks, septic tanks and aeration tanks. These functions expand the possibility of installing water and greening areas, purify in four layers, evaporate and grow properly moistened gas from the soil surface in the city center, factories, public and residential spaces It is a plant growth device that combines the excellent functions that contribute to the improvement of the spatial environment by producing the same evapotranspiration as forest air due to the purification capacity and transpiration of the plant to be released and releasing it from the soil surface to the installation space.

The schematic block diagram of the plant growth apparatus which shows one Embodiment of this invention. Schematic configuration diagram of a growth apparatus in which the air / water layer 7 and the soil layer 13 are integrated into the air layer 9. Schematic configuration diagram of the growth apparatus in which the air layer 9, the soil layer 13, and the water layer 4 are integrated in the air layer 9. Schematic configuration diagram of the growth apparatus in the case of multiple pipes with air layer 9 and branch pipes Schematic diagram of the installation of a growth device using existing water layers already installed Schematic configuration diagram when equipment (air lift type purifier etc.) is installed in the water tank 4

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 showing the basic outline and configuration of the plant growth apparatus of the present invention is the function of each layer of the basic plant growth apparatus, the water layer 4, the air-water layer 7, the air layer 9, and the soil layer 13. The structure is shown.
In addition, the same number of each figure shows the same apparatus here. The same applies to the following embodiments.
{Circle around (1)} The bubble generating device 1 sucks air in the installation space of the plant device and is sent to the diffuser tube 3 by the air tube tube 2 to generate bubbles below the water layer 4.
(2) Bubbles generated in the water layer 4 are pressurized and pressure rises toward the water level surface 5 due to the difference in atmospheric pressure, rupture and aeration near the water level surface 5 and in the lower part of the air / water layer 7.・ Evaporation occurs.
(3) The air-water layer 7 is in a saturated water vapor pressure state due to bubbles, bubbles bursting, aeration, evaporation when splashed by water level surface, and is in a saturated water vapor pressure state. The layer forms a highly wet state.
(4) The air layer 9 is in a high atmospheric pressure and high humidity state, generating humid air, and excess water becomes water droplets, splashes, adheres to the inner wall surface of the air layer container 10 or the bottom surface of the soil layer container 14 and flows down. Return to the water layer 4. The humid air having a saturated water vapor pressure is guided to the soil layer 13 in a low pressure state via the vent plate 11 by the intermittent pressure increase.
(5) A vent plate 11 punching panel, mesh plate, etc. provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer (the boundary with the upper portion of the air layer 9) is an entrance that leads from the air layer 9 to the lower portion of the soil layer 13. According to the size and shape of the vent plate 11 (punching panel, mesh plate, etc.), the flow rate and flow velocity of the humid air can be adjusted to allow proper ventilation to the soil layer 11. Moreover, it has a function of preventing the burst of bubbles near the water level surface 05, the water droplets splashed and scattered by aeration and the inflow of condensed moisture into the soil layer 13, and the soil material 10 from falling.
(6) Since the surface of the soil layer 13 is the only surface in contact with the outside air, it is the layer with the lowest atmospheric pressure, and the gas in the air layer 9 is guided into the soil layer 13 while being ventilated, evaporated and diffused. 13 Exit to the surface. The soil material 10 repeatedly absorbs and sucks growth elements suitable for plants to form a plant growth environment. In addition, the environment of the installation space is improved by evapotranspiration from the surface of the soil layer 11 and the planted plant.
(7) Materials and materials that can have breathability, moisture absorption, vapor permeability, moisture permeability, moisture retention, wettability and heat retention in the materials and materials of the soil material 12 or the accumulated layer itself are natural materials. Ceramics, porcelain, ceramics, wood chips, fibers, etc., and artificial materials such as plastics, acrylics, felts, chemical fibers, etc. can be used as the soil material 10 and are selected according to the growth conditions of the plant.

  As described above, the plant growth apparatus according to the present invention generates bubbles and bubbles by the air-relation in the water layer 4, generates a gas having a saturated water vapor pressure in the air-water layer 7, and further drops water on the air layer 9. , Drops, dew, and other excess water are returned to the water layer 4, and gas containing necessary plant elements is guided to the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the soil layer 13, and is aerated and evaporated by the pressure difference of the soil layer 13. The soil material 12 is released from the surface of the soil to the soil layer installation space while causing diffusion and adsorbing and inhaling moisture, oxygen, and nutrients contained in the gas. The environment of the soil layer 13 installation space is improved by releasing the same gas as the evapotranspiration generated in the forest due to evaporation of the soil surface and transpiration of the plant to be grown. Because of these functions and roles, root rot is a major factor, especially in hydroponics planting, and the growth of a wide variety of plants that have made it possible to grow trees, flowers, vegetables, moss, etc. A device with both was achieved.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 2 shows an air layer container 10 configured by integrating an air layer 7 and a soil layer 13 into the air layer 9 and integrating them. By providing an air vent plate on the entire bottom surface of the soil layer 13, it functions as the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer, and the air vent plate 11 on the entire bottom surface uniformly ventilates and evaporates the gas containing plant growth elements in the air layer. Diffusion occurs in the soil layer 13. Plants of the same growth environment can be cultivated.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 3 functions as a part of the bottom surface of the soil layer container 14 by incorporating the air / water layer 7, the soil layer 13, and the water layer 4 into the air layer 9 and integrating the air layer 9 with the central vent hole plate 11 at the bottom surface of the soil layer 13. . The ventilation of the gas can cause partial strength in the soil layer 13, and the ventilation rate is large near the top of the ventilation plate 11, the ventilation rate is high, and the ventilation rate decreases as the distance from the ventilation plate 11 increases. The aeration rate is slowed down, and the environment in the soil is changed in the soil layer 13 to form a growth environment for different plants, thereby allowing a variety of plants to be grown.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 4 shows the formation of an air / water layer 8 between the water level surface 5 in the water layer container 6 and the air layer 9 in the lower part of the air layer container 10, and a part of the water layer container 6 in the upper part of the air / water layer 8. A branch pipe as a role of the gas induction pipe is provided, and three branch pipes (a part of the air layer container 10) are connected to allow the three soil layer containers 14 to be installed. The soil layer container 14 in the middle of the three containers can form the same soil environment as in FIG. 3, and the two soil layer containers 14 at both ends form the same soil environment as in FIG. Thus, it becomes possible to install the container 14 of the soil layer in which the soil environment having different sizes depending on the size of the vent plate 11 itself and the shape and size of the vent is formed, and one water layer container 6 and a plurality of soil layers. The container 14 made it possible to grow a wide variety of plants.

(Fifth embodiment)
5 removes the water layer container 6 (including the water layer 4) of the basic structure of FIG. 1, and is provided with a water supply / drain port 15 on the bottom surface of the air layer container 10 or the inner side surface in contact with the bottom surface, and the air diffuser 3 on the top. Is a device that connects the air tube 2 and the bubble generator 1. The water layer 4 and the water layer container 6 can be installed and operated by replacing existing ponds, rivers, fire prevention water layers, water storage tanks, septic tanks, and aeration tanks. Spatial environment improvement made it possible to expand the space.

(Sixth embodiment)
FIG. 6 shows that air bubbles are purified while purifying the water in the water layer by installing a filter 11 (air lift type) instead of the diffuser tube 03A installed in the water layer 4 of the plant growth apparatus of FIG. Can be generated. In addition, by using heaters, plant nutrients, enzymes, water conditioners, liquids, etc. in the water layer 04, the conditions and elements of plant growth were further improved, and aquatic plants and freshwater fish could be grown.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bubble generator 2 Air tube pipe 3 Aeration pipe 4 Water layer 5 Water level surface 6 Water layer container 7 Air water layer 8 Air layer 9 Air layer 10 Air layer container 11 Vent plate 12 Soil material 13 Soil layer 14 Soil layer Container 15 Water supply / drain 16 Filter (Air lift filter)

Claims (3)

Formed in a water container 6, an air diffuser 3 is installed to generate air bubbles. Air in the installation space is taken in by an air bubble generator 3, and air diffusion is performed by the air diffuser 3 to liquefy and transfer plant growth elements. An aquarium 4 that can
This is a space generated at the bottom of the air layer between the water level surface 5 of the water layer 4 and the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer. The temperature of the water layer 4 and the amount of air discharged from the bubble generator 1 The volume / volume of the air / water layer 7 varies depending on the volume of the water layer, the specifications of the diffuser 3, and the air / water surface 8 generated from the water level surface 5 varies. The air-water layer 7 becomes saturated water vapor pressure due to splashes (water droplets / splashes) when it bounces due to the evaporation from the water level surface 5 and the burst of bubbles / bubbles caused by the difference in specific gravity and atmospheric pressure, and water and gas components are mixed, An air-water layer 7 that forms a high pressure and high humidity state;
A space between the water level surface 5 and the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer 13, including the air-water layer 7. The bottom surface of the container 14 is hermetically sealed, and the bottom surface is formed in the container 10 in which the water tank surface 6 and the water level surface 5 form a sealed state. Water droplets / drops) adhere to the inner surface of the container 10 of the air layer 9 and the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer 13, or cause dew condensation caused by a temperature difference or atmospheric pressure difference to flow to the water layer 6, drop it, and The gas (humid air containing plant growth elements) separated and adjusted by the water layer 7 which caused high pressure and high humidity was separated and adjusted to the upper part by the intermittent increase in atmospheric pressure, and to the bottom of the container 14 of the soil layer 13. Low pressure is induced to the vent plate 11 provided The inside of the soil layer is discharged from the surface of the soil layer 13 to the installation space while being aerated, evaporated and diffused, and air bubbles and bubbles generated in the liquid surface of the water layer 4 are guided to the vent plate 11. An air layer 9;
A soil material 12 (natural stone, ceramic, filter, fiber, resin, etc.) suitable for the growth of the porridge is laid down, and the soil material 12 is stored in the container 14 and the elements necessary for the growth of the plant are in the air layer 9. As the gas is aerated, evaporates and diffuses in the soil layer 13, it creates a wet and dry environment in the soil layer 13, and at the same time the soil material 12 adjusts and maintains the plant growth environment by water absorption and adsorption. It enables the growth of a wide variety of plants, and further generates a breeze by evaporation from the surface and transpiration from the plant, releasing appropriate wet air purified from the surface to the installation space, improving the spatial environment The air vent plate 11 installed on the bottom surface adjusts the air flow rate of the air from the air layer 9 and prevents intrusion of scattered splashes (water droplets / splash) and the air layer 9 and the water layer of the soil material 12. Soil layer 13 which is configured to prevent falling into,
A plant growth apparatus comprising:   2. The plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of the four layers of air layer 9 is liquefied and bubbled with water containing an element necessary for plant growth according to the function and role of water layer 4 to form a water level. Bubbles rupture and evaporate due to the difference in specific gravity and atmospheric pressure of the surface 5, and the liquid is vaporized. The gas is passed through the vent hole 11 by the intermittent pressure rise, and is diffused into the soil layer 13 to evaporate and diffuse. The growth conditions of the soil layer 13 can be adjusted and controlled by adsorption and water absorption on the soil material. In the air layer 9, excess water that cannot be evaporated in the air / water layer 7 becomes water droplets / drops in the air layer container 10 due to temperature difference, atmospheric pressure difference, and rupture from the outside air, and is condensed on the inner wall surface and ceiling surface. The air vent 9 is provided on the ceiling surface of the air layer 9 and the air bubbles are repelled on the water level surface 5 to prevent splashes (water droplets / drops) from entering the soil layer 11. It is possible to guide and supply to the soil layer 11 by the intermittent pressure state of the gas having proper wettability, and the air layer 9 is a portion where a water state and a gas component are mixed to form a high pressure state and a high wet state. It is a layer having both a function and a role for separating and adjusting a necessary vaporized component at the upper part of the air layer 9.   In the plant growing apparatus according to claim 1, the air layer 9 guides the gas of bubbles / bubbles generated in the liquid / liquid surface of the aqueous layer 4 to the vent plate 11 provided on the bottom surface of the container 14 of the soil layer. It is a container that also has a role as a gas induction pipe, and the air layer container is integrated (water layer 4, air layer 9, soil layer 13) or divided by changing its shape height and length. (Water layer 4 and air layer / soil layer 13 and air layer 9) are possible. Further, the air layer 9 can be branched, and a plurality of soil layer containers 14 are provided, and the total weight of the apparatus is reduced by dividing each layer. It can be installed on the roof where the installation load is severely restricted, and the water supply / drain port 15 is provided on the bottom surface of the lower part of the air layer 9 or the side of the upper part of the bottom part, and the air diffuser 3 or the air lift type filter 16 is provided on the upper part. Existing ponds, rivers, fire water reservoirs, This equipment can be installed in the chemical conversion tank and aeration tank, and with these functions, the possibility of installing water and greening areas is expanded, contributing to the improvement of the space environment in the narrow spaces of the city center, factories, public and residential spaces. It also has a function that can.

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