JP2013153600A - Band clamp - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent interference between a wire harness and an external interference material with an inexpensive and simple structure even when the wire harness is arranged in a narrow space.SOLUTION: While a lengthwise intermediate region of a band 2 continuing into a body 3 of a band clamp 1 is formed as a substrate part 2b which is thick and non flexible, one of lengthwise portions, sandwiching the substrate part 2b and continuing into the body 3, is formed as a hinge part 2a which is thin and flexible. Further, the other side in the lengthwise direction is formed as a deformation part 2c provided with an engagement groove 2c-1 engaging with an engagement piece 6 of the body 3 and having flexibility. A wire harness W/H is enclosed in three directions by the body 3, and the substrate part 2b and the deformation part 2c of the band 2. The substrate part 2b is positioned between the wire harness W/H and an external interference material 22 with the wire harness W/H fixed to a vehicle body with a clip 7.

Description

  The present invention relates to a band clamp, and more particularly, can prevent interference between a wire harness and an external interference member even in a narrow space, as well as locking the wire harness to the vehicle body.

  Conventionally, various interference prevention structures have been proposed in order to prevent interference between a wire harness routed in a vehicle and other members arranged in the vicinity. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-103639 (Patent Document 1), as shown in FIG. 11, a resin rod 101 is placed along a length direction in a required section of the wire harness 100, and two band clamps 102 at both ends thereof. 103 is fixed to the wire harness 100, and the clip (not shown) for locking the vehicle body of the band clamps 102, 103 is locked to the clip holes 104, 105 of the vehicle body panel P, whereby the resin rod 101 is fixed. It is curved in an arch shape to prevent interference between the wire harness 100 and the external interference member 106.

  In the structure of Patent Document 1, the resin harness 101 is arched along the wire harness 100 in the required section, thereby restricting the wiring path of the wire harness 100 and preventing interference with the external interference member 106. can do. However, in the interference prevention structure, two band clamps 102 and 103 are required to fix the resin rod 101 to the wire harness 100, and two clip holes for locking the clips of the band clamps 102 and 103 are used. 104 and 105 need to be provided on the vehicle body panel P. Therefore, when the space for wiring the wire harness 100 is narrow, it is difficult to space the resin rod 101 along the wire harness 100 by fixing the resin rod 101 with the band clamps 102 and 103 to bend in an arch shape. There is a problem. Further, since the interference prevention structure does not regulate the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness 100, the bulging portion of the wire harness 100 may interfere with the external interference material 106.

  On the other hand, it is possible to prevent interference with external interference materials by inserting a wire harness through a protector made of a resin molded product, but the protector increases manufacturing costs and requires a space for installing the protector. When the space for wiring the wire harness is narrow, there is a problem that it is difficult to install the protector.

JP 2001-103639 A

  The first invention and the second invention have been made in view of the above problems, and even when the wire harness is routed in a narrow space, the wire harness and the external interference material have an inexpensive and simple structure. It is an object to be able to effectively prevent interference.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a first invention includes a band wound around a wire harness routed in a vehicle, and a through hole that protrudes from the band and penetrates the band wound around the wire harness. A band clamp that integrally molds a main body for fastening the band with a locking piece protruding from the inner surface of the body, and a clip for locking the vehicle body protruding from the outer surface of the main body,
The band continuous to the main body is a thick and inflexible substrate part in the middle region in the length direction, while the part continuous to one main body in the length direction sandwiching the substrate part is thin. A flexible hinge part is provided, and the other side in the length direction is a deformed part having a flexibility provided with a locking groove for locking with the locking piece of the main body,
The wire harness is surrounded from three sides by the main body and the base plate portion and the deformed portion of the band, and the base plate portion is positioned between the wire harness and the external interference member in a state where the wire harness is fixed to the vehicle body with the clip. The band clamp that is supposed to be provided is provided.

  As described above, in the first invention, a band wound around the wire harness, a main body provided with a through hole for projecting the band and penetrating and locking the band wound around the wire harness, In a band clamp integrally formed with a clip, a thick and inflexible substrate portion is provided in an intermediate region of the band. In addition, a portion continuous to the main body on one side in the band length direction sandwiching the substrate portion is a thin hinge portion, and the other side in the band length direction sandwiching the substrate portion is engaged with a locking piece provided in the through hole of the main body. As the deformable deformable portion provided with a locking groove for stopping, the wire harness can be surrounded from three directions by the main body, the base plate portion and the deformable portion of the band. Therefore, in a state where the clip of the band clamp is fixed to the vehicle body, the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness to which the band clamp is attached by positioning the non-flexible substrate portion between the wire harness and the external interference material Can be held in a compact shape that does not bulge to the external interference material side, and interference between the wire harness and the external interference material can be effectively prevented.

  That is, according to the first invention, even when the wire harness is routed in a narrow space, the band clamp having the above structure is fastened and fixed to the wire harness, and the substrate portion is interposed between the wire harness and the external interference material. By simply positioning, it is possible to prevent the interference with the external interference material as well as locking the wire harness to the vehicle body, and an inexpensive and simple interference prevention structure can be obtained.

The band clamp including the band, the main body, and the clip is integrally formed of the same resin, and the substrate portion of the band is formed to be thicker than the hinge portion and the deformed portion, thereby making it inflexible.
Further, the shape of the substrate portion can be appropriately set depending on the arrangement of the external interference material, and can be, for example, a rectangular flat plate shape or an inverted V-shaped bent shape.
When the shape of the board part is a rectangular flat plate shape, the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness is held in a substantially triangular shape to prevent interference with an external interference material located in one diagonal direction where the board part is arranged. It becomes possible to do. In addition, when the substrate portion is formed in an inverted V-shaped bent shape, the wire harness is held in a substantially square shape, and interference with external interference materials located in the oblique both sides where the substrate portion is disposed is prevented. It becomes possible to prevent.

  Further, a resin plate having a bent cross section extending along the inner surface of the band clamp body and the band hinge portion and the substrate portion and extending in the length direction of the wire harness is disposed on the inner surface side of the band clamp as an auxiliary member. May be. Thereby, the cross-sectional shape of the said wire harness which is not made to interfere with an external interference material can be hold | maintained over the length direction of a wire harness.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a band wound around a wire harness routed in a vehicle, a through-hole penetrating the band and penetrating the band wound around the wire harness, and projecting from an inner surface of the through-hole. A band clamp that integrally molds a main body for fastening the band with the locking piece and a clip for locking the vehicle body protruding from the outer surface of the main body,
A board that is positioned between the wire harness and the external interference member in a state where the wire harness is fixed to the vehicle body with the clip, and provided with a connecting portion having a band through hole at an intermediate portion in the length direction of the board, A band clamp is provided in which a band wound around the wire harness is passed through a band through hole, and both ends in the length direction of the substrate are taped and fixed to the wire harness.

  In the first aspect of the invention, a part of the band of the band clamp is used as a non-flexible board part. In the second aspect of the invention, the band clamp band is passed through another board and the board is externally interfered with the wire harness. It is located between the materials. That is, in the second invention, the band clamp band to be wound around the wire harness is passed through the band through hole of the connecting portion provided at the intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction of the substrate of another member, and both ends in the longitudinal direction of the substrate are connected. The wire harness is taped and fixed.

  With the above configuration, the wire harness to which the band clamp is attached is surrounded by the substrate, the main body of the band clamp, and the band, so that the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness can be held in a compact shape that does not bulge to the external interference material side. it can. In addition, the both ends of the board in the length direction can be taped and fixed to the wire harness, whereby the board can also regulate the path in the length direction of the wire harness. Therefore, interference with an external interference material can be prevented more effectively.

  That is, according to the second invention, even when the wire harness is routed in a narrow space, a band of a normal band clamp wound around the wire harness is passed through the band through hole of the substrate and fastened, and the substrate By simply tape-fixing both ends in the length direction of the wire harness to the wire harness, both the locking of the wire harness to the vehicle body and the prevention of interference with the external interference material can be achieved. Therefore, an inexpensive and simple interference prevention structure can be obtained. Further, since the position of the substrate on the band of the band clamp can be appropriately set according to the arrangement of the external interference material, etc., it is excellent in versatility.

  A locking piece may be projected from the inner surface of the band through hole of the connecting portion, and the band penetrating the band through hole may be locked and positioned by the locking piece.

  Further, the connecting portion provided with the band through-hole of the substrate may protrude from the upper surface or the lower surface of the substrate, but may also include a band through-hole penetrating the substrate in the width direction.

  The substrate has a shape corresponding to the wiring form of the wire harness, and can be, for example, a rectangular flat plate, an L-shaped refracted flat plate, or a Z-shaped flat plate.

  As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a band wound around the wire harness, a main body provided with a through hole for projecting the band and penetrating and locking the band wound around the wire harness, In the band clamp integrally formed with the clip, a thick and inflexible substrate portion is provided in the middle region of the band. In addition, a portion continuous to the main body on one side in the band length direction sandwiching the substrate portion is a thin hinge portion, and the other side in the band length direction sandwiching the substrate portion is engaged with a locking piece provided in the through hole of the main body. As a deformable deformable portion provided with a locking groove for stopping, the wire harness can be surrounded from three directions by the main body, the base plate portion of the band, and the deformable portion. Therefore, the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness to which the band clamp is attached is changed to the external interference material side by positioning the substrate portion between the wire harness and the external interference material with the clip of the band clamp locked to the vehicle body. Therefore, the interference between the wire harness and the external interference member can be effectively prevented.

  That is, according to the first invention, even when the wire harness is routed in a narrow space, the band clamp having the above-described configuration is fastened to the wire harness and the substrate portion is positioned between the wire harness and the external interference material. By merely doing this, it is possible to prevent the interference with the external interference material as well as locking the wire harness to the vehicle body, and it is possible to obtain an inexpensive and simple interference prevention structure.

  Further, in the second invention, the band of a normal band clamp wound around the wire harness is positioned between the wire harness and the external interference material in a clip-locked state, and is passed through the band through hole of the substrate of another member, Both ends of the substrate in the length direction are fixed to the wire harness by tape winding. With the above configuration, the wire harness to which the band clamp is attached is surrounded by the substrate, the main body of the band clamp, and the band, so that the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness can be held in a compact shape that does not bulge to the external interference material side. it can. Moreover, since both ends of the board in the length direction are taped and fixed to the wire harness, the board can also regulate the path in the length direction of the wire harness, so that interference with an external interference material can be more effectively performed. Can be prevented.

  That is, according to the second invention, even when the wire harness is routed in a narrow space, a band of a normal band clamp wound around the wire harness is passed through the band through hole of the substrate and fastened, and the substrate By simply tape-fixing both ends in the length direction of the wire harness to the wire harness, both the locking of the wire harness to the vehicle body and the prevention of interference with the external interference material can be achieved. Therefore, an inexpensive and simple interference prevention structure can be obtained.

It is a perspective view which shows the band clamp of embodiment of 1st invention. (A) It is a perspective view which shows the state which fixed the band clamp attached to the wire harness to a vehicle body, (B) is an AA sectional view. It is a perspective view which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the auxiliary member which consists of a resin board which has a bending cross section on the inner surface side of a band clamp. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a band clamp. The board | substrate used for 1st Embodiment of 2nd invention is shown, (A) is a top view of the board | substrate seen from the lower surface side (connection part side), (B) is a side view of a board | substrate, (C) is BB It is line sectional drawing. The state which attached the band clamp provided with the board | substrate to the wire harness is shown, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is a top view. The state which fixed the band clamp attached to the wire harness to a vehicle body is shown, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is CC sectional view taken on the line. Another example of a band clamp using a substrate having a different shape is shown. (A) shows a case where the substrate is an L-shaped flat plate, and (B) shows a case where the substrate is a Z-shaped flat plate. It is a top view of the state attached to the harness. It is a perspective view which shows the board | substrate used for 2nd Embodiment of 2nd invention. The state which fixed the band clamp attached to the wire harness to a vehicle body is shown, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is DD sectional view taken on the line. It is a figure which shows a prior art example.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 3 show an embodiment of the first invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the band clamp 1 of the present invention has a band 2 wound around the wire harness W / H and a penetrating through the band 2 projecting from the band 2 and wound around the wire harness W / H. A box-shaped main body 3 provided with a hole 4 and a vehicle body locking clip 7 protruding from the outer surface of the main body 3 are integrally formed as a resin molded product.

The band 2 protrudes from the peripheral edge on the one end opening 5a side of the through hole 4 of the main body 3, and the band 2 wound around the wire harness W / H is inserted from the other end opening 5b of the through hole 4 so that the one end opening 5a is inserted. The structure is drawn from
In the present embodiment, an intermediate region in the length direction of the band 2 is a substrate portion 2b that is thicker and inflexible than other regions, and the shape of the substrate portion 2b is a rectangular flat plate shape. A portion continuous with one main body 3 in the length direction sandwiching the substrate portion 2b is a thin-walled hinge portion 2a, while the other side in the length direction sandwiching the substrate portion 2b is a deformable portion 2c having flexibility. It is said. The deformable portion 2c is a portion that is penetrated and locked in the through hole 4 of the main body 3, and an outer surface of the deformable portion 2c is a locking groove 2c-1 that locks with a locking piece 6 protruding from the inner surface of the through hole 4 of the main body 3. Are continuously provided at predetermined intervals.

  On the other hand, the clip 7 for locking the vehicle body has an elliptical plate portion 8 protruding from the outer surface of the main body 3, a support shaft portion 9 protruding from the center of the plate portion 8, and a folded shape from the tip of the support shaft portion 9. And a pair of locking blade portions 10 projecting from each other. A locking step portion 11 that locks to the periphery of the locking hole 21 of the vehicle body panel 20 is provided at the tip of each locking blade portion 10.

  The band clamp 1 is attached to the wire harness W / H by winding the band 2 including the hinge portion 2a, the substrate portion 2b, and the deformable portion 2c around the outer peripheral surface of the wire harness W / H, and penetrating the through hole 4 of the main body 3. This is made possible by pulling the distal end side of the deformed portion 2c to lock the locking piece 6 of the through hole 4 in the locking groove 2c-1 of the deformed portion 2c. As shown in FIG. 2, the clip 7 of the band clamp 1 attached to the wire harness W / H is locked in the locking hole 21 of the vehicle body panel 20 so that the wire harness W / H is arranged in a narrow routing space S. I'm looking for it. In this clip locking state, the substrate portion 2b is positioned between the wire harness W / H and the external interference member 22 (in this embodiment, the inclined portion of the cover).

  The wire harness W / H to which the band clamp 1 of this embodiment is attached is surrounded by the main body 3 and the substrate portion 2b and the deformable portion 2c of the band 2 from three directions. Therefore, in a state where the clip 7 is locked to the vehicle body panel 20, as shown in FIG. 2B, the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness W / H to which the band clamp 1 is attached does not bulge toward the external interference material 22 side. Therefore, the interference between the wire harness W / H and the external interference member 22 can be effectively prevented.

  That is, even when the wire harness W / H is routed in a narrow space S as in the present embodiment, the band clamp 1 having the above-described configuration is fastened to the wire harness W / H, and the board portion 2b is connected to the wire harness W / H. Just by positioning between H and the external interference material 22, it is possible to prevent the interference of the wire harness W / H with the external interference material 22 disposed in close proximity as well as the vehicle body locking, and obtain an inexpensive and simple interference prevention structure. It becomes possible.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the resin which has the bending cross section extended along the length direction of the wire harness W / H along the main body 3 of the band clamp 1, the hinge part 2a of the band 2, and the inner surface of the board | substrate part 2b. The plate 12 may be disposed on the inner surface side of the band clamp 1 as an auxiliary member. Thereby, the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness W / H that does not interfere with the external interference member 22 can be held over the length direction of the wire harness W / H.

  In the present embodiment, the shape of the substrate portion 2b is a rectangular flat plate shape, but is not limited to this shape, and depending on the arrangement of the external interference material, for example, as shown in FIG. May be bent in an inverted V shape.

5 to 7 show a first embodiment of the second invention.
In the present embodiment, the substrate 41 is positioned between the wire harness W / H and the external interference member 52 through the band 31 of the normal band clamp 30 on the substrate 41 of another member.

  The substrate 41 is a rectangular inflexible flat plate as shown in FIG. 5, and a connecting portion 42 provided with a band through hole 43 is provided projecting from the lower surface of the substrate 41 at an intermediate portion in the length direction of the substrate 41. ing. On the inner surface of the band through hole 43 through which the band 31 of the band clamp 30 wound around the wire harness W / H passes, a locking piece 44 that locks in the locking groove 32 provided in the band 31 of the band clamp 30 is projected. ing. Further, convex portions 45 for preventing the tape T wound off from dropping off are provided at both ends of the substrate 41 in the length direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the band clamp 30 includes a band 31 wound around the wire harness W / H, and a through hole 34 protruding from the band 31 and penetrating the band 31 wound around the wire harness W / H. A normal band clamp 30 is integrally formed of the provided box-shaped main body 33 and a clip 36 for locking the vehicle body protruding from the outer surface of the main body 33. The clip 36 includes a plate portion 37, a support shaft portion 38, a locking blade portion 39, and a locking step portion 40, which are the same as those of the first embodiment, and a band is formed on the inner surface of the through hole 34 of the main body 33. A locking piece 35 that locks in the locking groove 32 provided in 31 is provided. The locking groove 32 of the band 31 is locked to both the locking piece 44 on the inner surface of the band through hole 43 of the substrate 41 and the locking piece 35 on the inner surface of the through hole 34 of the main body 33. The locking grooves 32 are continuously provided at intervals over the entire length of the outer surface.

  The band 31 of the band clamp 30 wound around the outer peripheral surface of the wire harness W / H is penetrated through the band through hole 43 provided in the connecting portion 42 of the substrate 41 and also penetrates through the through hole 34 of the main body 33 of the band clamp 30. The band 31 is tightened to lock the locking pieces 44 and 35 provided in the band through hole 43 of the connecting portion 42 and the through hole 34 of the main body 33 in the locking groove 32 of the band 31, respectively. The substrate 41 can be positioned at a predetermined portion of the band 31 by the engagement of the locking piece 44 and the locking groove 32, and the band clamp 30 is connected to the wire harness W / H by the engagement of the locking piece 35 and the locking groove 32. Can be attached to. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the cover erected in the vertical direction with respect to the vehicle body panel 50 that locks the clip 36 of the band clamp 30 serves as the external interference member 52. The clamp 30 is positioned so as to be perpendicular to the main body 33. Further, a tape T is wound around the convex portions 45 provided at both ends in the length direction of the substrate 41 to fix the substrate 41 and the wire harness W / H.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the clip 36 of the band clamp 30 with the substrate 41 attached to the wire harness W / H is locked in the locking hole 51 of the vehicle body panel 50, so that the wire harness W / H is narrowly arranged. The cable space S is routed. In this clip locking state, the substrate 41 is positioned between the external interference member 52 (in this embodiment, the vertical portion of the cover).

  Since the wire harness W / H to which the band clamp 30 with the substrate 41 is attached is surrounded by the substrate 41, the main body 33 of the band clamp 30, and the band 31, the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness W / H is set to the external interference material 52 side. It can be held in a compact shape that does not bulge. In addition, since both ends of the substrate 41 in the length direction are fixed to the wire harness W / H by tape (T), the substrate 41 can also perform path regulation in the length direction of the wire harness W / H. Interference with the external interference member 52 can be more effectively prevented.

  That is, even when the wire harness W / H is routed in the narrow space S, the band 31 of the normal band clamp 30 wound around the wire harness W / H is passed through the band through hole 43 of the substrate 41 and fastened. By simply fixing both ends of the substrate 41 in the length direction to the wire harness W / H with tape (T), the vehicle body of the wire harness W / H is prevented from being interfered with the external interference member 52 disposed in the vicinity. Both are possible. Therefore, an inexpensive and simple interference prevention structure can be obtained.

  In this embodiment, the substrate 41 is a rectangular flat plate. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a flat plate bent in an L shape as shown in FIG. A flat plate bent in a Z shape as shown in FIG.

9 and 10 show a second embodiment of the second invention.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a band through hole 62 is formed so as to penetrate the width direction of the substrate 61, and the band through hole 62 serves as a connecting portion. The substrate 61 is formed by extrusion molding, and the structure of the band clamp 30 that passes through the band through hole 62 of the substrate 61 is the same as that of the first embodiment. The band through hole 62 of the substrate 61 is not provided with a locking piece for locking in the locking groove 32 of the band 31 to be penetrated, but both ends in the length direction of the substrate 61 are connected to the wire harness W / H and tape ( T) The substrate 61 can be positioned by winding and fixing.

  As in the first embodiment, the band clamp 30 including the substrate 61 is attached to the wire harness W / H. At this time, the substrate 61 is inclined so that the substrate 61 is inclined with respect to the main body 33 of the band clamp 30. In the state where the clip 36 of the band clamp 30 is locked in the locking hole 71 of the vehicle body panel 70 as shown in FIG. 10, the external interference material 72 (inclination of the cover) in which the substrate 61 is inclined with the wire harness W / H. Part).

  Also in the second embodiment, since the wire harness W / H to which the band clamp 30 with the substrate 61 is attached is surrounded by the substrate 61, the main body 33 of the band clamp 30, and the band 31, the cross-sectional shape of the wire harness W / H Can be held in a compact shape that does not bulge to the external interference material 72 side. In addition, since both ends in the length direction of the substrate 61 are tape (T) wound and fixed to the wire harness W / H, the substrate 61 can also perform path regulation in the length direction of the wire harness W / H. Interference with the external interference material 72 can be prevented more effectively.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 30 Band clamp 2, 31 Band 2a Hinge part 2b Substrate part 2c Deformation part 2c-1, 32 Locking groove 3, 33 Main body 4, 34 Through hole 6, 35 Locking piece 7, 36 Clip 41, 61 Substrate 42 Connecting part 43, 62 Band through hole 44 Locking piece 20, 50, 70 Car body panel 21, 51, 71 Locking hole 22, 52, 72 External interference material W / H Wire harness T Tape

Claims (5)

A band wound around a wire harness to be routed in a vehicle, and a through hole penetrating the band and penetrating the band wound around the wire harness, and the band is secured by a locking piece projecting from the inner surface of the through hole A band clamp in which a main body to be fastened and a clip for locking a vehicle body protruding from the outer surface of the main body are integrally formed,
The band continuous to the main body is a thick and inflexible substrate part in the middle region in the length direction, while the part continuous to one main body in the length direction sandwiching the substrate part is thin. A flexible hinge part is provided, and the other side in the length direction is a deformed part having a flexibility provided with a locking groove for locking with the locking piece of the main body,
The wire harness is surrounded from three sides by the main body and the base plate portion and the deformed portion of the band, and the base plate portion is positioned between the wire harness and the external interference member in a state where the wire harness is fixed to the vehicle body with the clip. Band clamp that is supposed to let you.   The band clamp according to claim 1, wherein the substrate portion has a rectangular flat plate shape or an inverted V-shaped bent shape. A band wound around a wire harness to be routed in a vehicle, and a through hole penetrating the band and penetrating the band wound around the wire harness, and the band is secured by a locking piece projecting from the inner surface of the through hole A band clamp in which a main body to be fastened and a clip for locking a vehicle body protruding from the outer surface of the main body are integrally formed,
A board that is positioned between the wire harness and the external interference member in a state where the wire harness is fixed to the vehicle body with the clip, and a connecting portion that is provided with a band through hole at an intermediate portion in the length direction of the board is provided. A band clamp that penetrates a band that is wound around the wire harness into the band through-hole, and that is tape-fixed to both ends of the length direction of the substrate on the wire harness.   The band clamp according to claim 3, wherein a locking piece projects from an inner surface of the band through hole of the connecting portion, and the band penetrating the band through hole is locked by the locking piece and positioned.   The band clamp according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the substrate has a shape corresponding to a wiring form of the wire harness, and is a rectangular flat plate, an L-shaped refracted flat plate, or a Z-shaped flat plate.

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