JP2013152139A - Target for measurement and total station measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology for measurement without requiring the vertical attitude of a pin pole, and to provide a target for measurement and a total station measurement method capable of measuring a point which is difficult to measure in the prior arts, such as a point close to the wall, a concave/convex corner point, or a point on a vertical plane .SOLUTION: A target for measurement according to the invention is a target for measurement installed at a measuring point in the case of measurement with a total station, and comprises a main shaft and two reflectors fixed thereto. The two reflectors are disposed in such a manner that the reflector centers thereof become coaxial.

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying target used in surveying by a total station, and more specifically to a surveying target in which two reflecting mirrors are arranged coaxially and a total station surveying method using the target.

  Traditionally, when obtaining the coordinates of an arbitrary point, it has been common to measure the plane coordinates with a transit and the altitude with a level. Later, with the technology of surveying instruments, the total station became a general-purpose machine, and it became possible to measure plane coordinates and altitude with this single station.

  Various methods have been adopted so far for surveying using a surveying machine. For example, when there are two or more known points and an arbitrary point other than these is obtained, a total station is set at the known point to capture another known point, and then the desired arbitrary point is captured to obtain the angle and distance. The coordinates of an arbitrary point can be calculated using the angle and distance measured here and the known point coordinates. This is a surveying technique called the so-called forward dating method.

  Alternatively, when there are three or more known points and an arbitrary point other than these is obtained, a total station is set at this arbitrary point to capture three or more known points, and respective angles and distances are acquired. The coordinates of an arbitrary point can be calculated using the angle and distance measured here and the known point coordinates. This is a surveying technique called the so-called backward dating method.

  In any case, when the target measurement point is set by the total station, a so-called target is used. In other words, the measurement point is not directly picked up by the total station, but the target standing on the measurement point is held and the coordinates of the measurement point are obtained through the coordinates of the target. In many cases, this target has a single reflecting mirror (also referred to as a “mirror”) installed on the pin pole. By placing the pin pole vertically on the measurement point, the plane coordinates of the target are set to the plane of the measurement point. Considering the coordinates, the value obtained by subtracting the predetermined height (the installation height of the reflecting mirror) from the height of the target was used as the height of the measurement point.

  Thus, the target (pin pole) is required to maintain a vertical posture during the surveying work. However, since it is difficult for a person to set a target, the target is usually supported by a tripod or the like. If a tripod or the like is used, the vertical posture of the target can be maintained, and there is no need to place a person near the measurement point. However, when a measurement point such as a wall is close to an obstacle, the tripod cannot be set up, and it is necessary to support the target by a person. The vertical posture of the target cannot be accurately maintained by human support, and if the intersection of the entrance corner or the exit corner is a measurement point, the target itself becomes an obstacle and makes the target vertical posture I can't. Furthermore, as long as the conventional target is used (including the case of using a tripod), it is impossible to measure an arbitrary point on the vertical plane.

  In order to measure points in the vicinity of walls and corners, Patent Document 1 proposes an improvement plan for a surveying instrument. This surveying instrument is a guide light transmitter that emits guide light to let the automatic tracking type total station know the target position. The transmitter main body and the light transmitter rotate independently of each other. It is characterized by that.

JP 2005-227166 A

  The guide light transmitter of Patent Document 1 is used by being attached to a pin pole, and the coordinates of the point of the pin pole can be obtained by collimating the reflecting prism similarly attached to the pin pole by the total station. In this case, since the plane coordinate of the reflecting prism is the plane coordinate of the pin pole point, the pin pole needs to take a vertical posture. That is, according to the surveying method, an arbitrary point on the vertical plane cannot be measured. In addition, when a pin pole is set up at the wall, a tripod cannot be used and the pin pole is supported by a person. However, at this time, it is difficult to accurately maintain the vertical posture, and as a result, accurate surveying becomes difficult.

  The object of the present invention is to provide a technique for measuring without requiring the vertical posture of the pin pole, and it has been difficult to measure up to now, such as near the wall, entering corner points / exit corner points, or points on the vertical plane. It is to provide a surveying target and a total station surveying method that enable measurement.

  The present invention focuses on the point that the coordinates of the tip of the pin pole can be obtained by installing two reflecting mirrors on the same axis and measuring these coordinates, and was made based on an idea that has not existed before. It is an invention.

  The surveying target of the present invention is a surveying target installed at a measurement point when surveying at a total station, and includes a main shaft and two reflecting mirrors fixed to the main shaft. These two reflecting mirrors are arranged so that the center of each reflecting mirror is coaxial.

  The surveying target of the present invention may be provided with a shielding tool that can shield only one of the two reflecting mirrors.

  The surveying target of the present invention includes a slide shield that can slide in the axial direction of the main shaft, and only one of the two reflectors can be shielded by sliding the slide shield. You can also.

  The surveying target of the present invention may be an all-round reflecting mirror in which two reflecting mirrors can reflect light waves from an arbitrary direction.

  The total station survey method of the present invention is a method of measuring the coordinates of a survey target installed at a measurement point by the total station, and the survey target used here includes a main axis, a first reflecting mirror, and a second reflecting mirror. Prepare. These two reflecting mirrors are fixed to the main shaft so that the center of each reflecting mirror is coaxial, the tip of the main shaft is placed on the measurement point, two reflecting mirrors are measured at the total station, and the center of each reflecting mirror is measured. The coordinates of the measurement point are calculated by obtaining the coordinates.

  The total station surveying method of the present invention can also use a surveying target including a slide shield that can slide in the axial direction of the main shaft. In this case, the first reflecting mirror is measured after the second reflecting mirror is shielded by the slide shield, and then the first reflecting mirror is shielded by sliding the slide shield, and the second reflection is performed in this state. Measure the mirror.

  In the total station surveying method of the present invention, the two reflecting mirrors can be all-round reflecting mirrors, and the automatic tracking type can be used as the total station.

The surveying target and the total station surveying method of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) Since it is not necessary to keep the main axis such as a pin pole in a vertical posture, it is possible to measure all measurement points such as a wall edge, an intersection of an entrance corner and an exit corner, or a point on a vertical plane.
(2) A necessary reflector can be accurately collimated by using a shielding tool. As a result, an accurate measurement result can be obtained.
(3) By using an all-round reflector as the reflecting mirror, measurement can be performed from all directions.
(4) By using an automatic tracking type as the total station, it is possible to save labor in surveying work. As a result, the cost for surveying work can be reduced.

(A) is the front view which looked at the surveying target of this invention from the front of a reflective mirror, (b) is the side view which looked at the surveying target of this invention from the side of a reflective mirror. The front view which shows the target for surveying which attached the circumference mirror to the main axis. Detail drawing which shows an example of a slide shield. (A) is explanatory drawing which shows the state which collimated the 1st reflective mirror of the surveying target which comprises a slide shield in a total station, (b) is the 2nd reflective mirror of the survey target which comprises a slide shield in a total station. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which collimated.

  An embodiment of a surveying target and a total station surveying method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Overview)
1A and 1B are views showing a surveying target 10 according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a front view seen from the front side of the reflecting mirror 20 and FIG. 1B is a side view seen from the side surface side of the reflecting mirror 20. As shown in the figure, the surveying target 10 includes two reflecting mirrors 20 and a main shaft 30. In order to distinguish the two reflecting mirrors 20, for convenience, the upper reflecting mirror 20 is referred to as a first reflecting mirror 21, and the lower reflecting mirror 20 is referred to as a second reflecting mirror 22.

  When aiming at the coordinates of the measurement point P using the surveying target 10, the tip (hereinafter referred to as "spindle tip 30a") is set at the measurement point P, and the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22 are set by the total station. Collimate in the order of (or vice versa) and find the coordinates. At this time, the posture of the main shaft 30 is not necessarily vertical, and can be inclined at an arbitrary angle. If the distances from the spindle tip 30a to the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22 are known, the coordinates of the spindle tip 30a are obtained from the coordinates of the first reflecting mirror 21 and the coordinates of the second reflecting mirror 22 obtained as a result of the measurement. The coordinates can be calculated, that is, the coordinates of the measurement point P can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, each element will be described in detail.

(Spindle)
The main shaft 30 is composed of a rod-like or tubular member having a straight (or substantially straight) shaft, and has a shape with a larger dimension (length) in the axial direction than a major dimension (for example, a diameter) of a cross section. Presents. The cross-sectional shape can be any shape other than a circle or a rectangle, and the length can also be set arbitrarily. In addition, it is desirable that the spindle tip 30a, which is the tip, be sharp. The spindle 30 used for the surveying target 10 can be made as a dedicated product, or a pin pole that has been widely used in the past can be used.

(Reflector)
The reflecting mirror 20 reflects the laser light from the tortoise station, and is called a reflecting prism or a reflecting mirror. The reflecting mirror 20 used for the surveying target 10 can also be made as a dedicated product, or a commercially available product can be used.

  At least two reflecting mirrors 20 are attached to the main shaft 30 in the surveying target 10 of the present invention. Further, these reflecting mirrors 20 are arranged so that their centers are aligned on the same axis. More preferably, the center of the first reflecting mirror 21 and the center of the second reflecting mirror 22 are preferably arranged so as to be on the central axis of the main shaft 30, respectively. Here, the case of two reflecting mirrors 20 (the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22) has been described. However, those having three or more reflecting mirrors 20 are within the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the first reflecting mirror 21 is attached at a predetermined interval from the main shaft tip 30a, and the second reflecting mirror 22 is attached at a further interval from the first reflecting mirror 21. These intervals can be appropriately designed according to the length of the main shaft 30 and the distance from the surveying target 10 to the total station. The reflecting mirror 20 can be fixed to the main shaft 30 so as not to move up and down, or can be attached to the main shaft 30 so as to be slidable up and down stepwise or continuously.

  Although it has been described that a commercially available mirror can be used as the reflecting mirror 20, an all-round reflecting mirror 20 is used in addition to the conventionally used reflecting mirror 20 having a single reflecting surface (only one reflecting surface). You can also. FIG. 2 is a front view showing the surveying target 10 in which the all-round reflection mirror 20 is attached to the main shaft 30. The all-round reflector 20 can reflect laser light from an arbitrary direction, and the surveying target 10 can be placed without worrying about the reflecting surface of the reflector 20, or a tortoise station can be installed. This is preferable because the frequency of change can be reduced.

(Shielding equipment)
The surveying target 10 of the present invention may be provided with a shielding tool. This shielding tool can shield one side of the reflecting mirror 20 to block laser light from the tortoise station. Various shields can be employed as long as the laser beam can be blocked. For example, a mechanical shield in which a shield is disposed on the front surface of the reflector 20 can be used, or a liquid crystal shutter (liquid crystal molecule) can be used. The laser beam to the reflecting mirror 20 can be blocked electronically, for example, by applying a technique in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the grooves when the plate is in contact with a plate having grooves in a certain direction. Further, the shield can be of a slide type (hereinafter referred to as “slide shield 40”). The slide shield 40 slides on the axis of the main shaft 30, and can shield one side of the reflecting mirror 20 to block laser light from the tortoise station.

  FIG. 3 is a detailed view showing an example of the slide shield 40. The slide shield 40 shown in this figure is composed of a cylindrical main body portion 40a that is open up and down, and a circular stopper 40b. The stopper 40b is provided with an insertion hole 40c, and the main shaft 30 is inserted into the insertion hole 40c. The inner diameter of the main body 40a is a size that can accommodate the reflecting mirror 20, and when the slide shield 40 is attached through the main shaft 30 through the insertion hole 40c, one of the reflecting mirrors 20 can be covered.

  The stopper 40b is intended to prevent falling off. Even if the slide shield 40 is slid largely, one of the reflecting mirrors 20 becomes an obstacle and restricts the slide of the stopper 40b, so that the slide shield 40 can be prevented from falling off. When the slide shield 40 shields one of the reflecting mirrors 20, the other reflecting mirror 20 appears outside the slide shield 40. For example, when the slide shield 40 is slid so that the stopper 40b comes into contact with the first reflecting mirror 21, the first reflecting mirror 21 is shielded but the second reflecting mirror 22 appears in the table. Conversely, when the slide shield 40 is slid to such an extent that the stopper 40b contacts the second reflecting mirror 22, the second reflecting mirror 22 is shielded but the first reflecting mirror 21 appears in the table.

  The main body 40a of the slide shield 40 can be made of any material as long as it can block the laser light from the tortoise station. Examples of the material include FRP, synthetic resin, aluminum, steel plate, glass, and the like. As long as the slide shield 40 can slide on the main shaft 30 and shield one of the reflecting mirrors 20, not only the configuration and shape of FIG. 3 but also various ones can be used.

  The slide means of the slide shield 40 can be manually operated or can be electrically operated remotely. Further, when the total station is an automatic tracking type as described later, a signal is transmitted from the total station side at the timing when one of the reflecting mirrors 20 can be measured, and further, this signal is received by the surveying target 10 side, and according to the signal The slide shield 40 can be automatically slid until the other reflecting mirror 20 is shielded.

(Total station)
A conventional general-purpose product can be used as the total station used in the total station surveying method of the present invention. Of course, it is also possible to use an automatic tracking type total station. In this case, it is desirable to adopt an all-round type reflecting mirror 20.

(Total station survey method)
In the total station survey method of the present invention, the survey target 10 of the present invention is used. At the total station, the first reflecting mirror 21 is collimated, and the center coordinates of the first reflecting mirror 21 are obtained by distance measurement and angle measurement. Next, the center coordinates of the second reflecting mirror 22 are obtained in the same procedure. Since the centers of the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22 are on the same axis, the coordinates of the spindle tip 30a (that is, the measurement point P) depend on the respective coordinates and the installation interval of the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22. Can be calculated.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a total station surveying method when the surveying target 10 including the slide shield 40 is used, and (a) is an explanatory diagram showing a state where the first reflecting mirror 21 is collimated. b) is an explanatory view showing a state in which the second reflecting mirror 22 is collimated. The total station survey method shown in this figure will be described.

  The automatic tracking type total station TS is installed at a predetermined position. Next, the surveying target 10 is set so that the spindle tip 30a is placed at the measurement point P. At this time, the main shaft 30 of the surveying target 10 is inclined instead of a vertical posture. Then, the slide shield 40 is slid on the main shaft 30 so that the second reflecting mirror 22 is shielded. When the above preparation is completed, measurement by the automatic tracking type total station TS is started. The automatic tracking type total station TS accurately measures and collimates the first reflecting mirror 21 because the second reflecting mirror 22 is shielded. When the measurement of the second reflecting mirror 22 is finished, the slide shielding tool 40 is slid on the main shaft 30 so that the first reflecting mirror 21 is shielded. In this state, measurement by the automatic tracking type total station TS is resumed. This time, since the first reflecting mirror 21 is shielded, the second reflecting mirror 22 is accurately collimated. In this way, the center coordinates of the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22 are measured, and the coordinates of the measurement point P are determined based on the positional relationship between the spindle tip 30a, the first reflecting mirror 21, and the second reflecting mirror 22. Calculated.

  The surveying target and total station surveying method of the present invention can be used for measuring various points on the surface such as arbitrary points on the vertical plane and arbitrary points on the overhang slope, as well as arbitrary points on the plane. it can. Moreover, it can be used to measure intersections that have been difficult to measure in the past, such as intersections of entering and exiting corners, and corners of structures and facilities.

10 Target 20 for Surveying Reflector 21 First Reflector 22 Second Reflector 30 Spindle 30a (Spindle) Spindle Tip 40 Slide Shield 40a (Slide Shield) Body 40b (Slide Shield) Stopper 40c (Slide Shield) Insertion hole P of slide shield) Measuring point TS Total station

Claims (7)

When surveying at the total station, in the survey target installed at the measurement point,
A main shaft and two reflecting mirrors fixed to the main shaft;
The surveying target, wherein the two reflecting mirrors are arranged so that the center of each reflecting mirror is coaxial. A shield that can slide in the axial direction of the main shaft;
The surveying target according to claim 1, wherein the shielding tool can shield only one of the two reflecting mirrors. The shield is a slide shield that is slidable in the axial direction of the main shaft,
The surveying target according to claim 2, wherein when the slide shield is slid, only one of the two reflecting mirrors can be shielded.   The surveying target according to claim 1, wherein the two reflecting mirrors are all-round reflecting mirrors capable of reflecting a light wave from an arbitrary direction. In a total station surveying method in which a survey target is installed at a measurement point and the coordinates of the measurement point are measured by the total station,
The surveying target includes a main axis, a first reflecting mirror, and a second reflecting mirror, and these two reflecting mirrors are fixed to the main axis so that the centers of the respective reflecting mirrors are coaxial.
Total station surveying, characterized in that the tip of the spindle is placed on the measurement point, the two reflecting mirrors are measured by a total station, and the coordinates of the measuring point are calculated by obtaining the coordinates of the center of the reflecting mirror, respectively. Method. The surveying target includes a slide shield that can slide in the axial direction of the main shaft, and when the slide shield is slid, only one of the two reflectors is shielded,
The first reflecting mirror is measured after shielding the second reflecting mirror with the slide shield, and then the second reflecting mirror is measured after sliding the slide shield to shield the first reflecting mirror. The total station surveying method according to claim 4, wherein: The total station is an automatic tracking type total station,
6. The total station surveying method according to claim 4, wherein the two reflecting mirrors are all-round reflecting mirrors capable of reflecting a light wave from an arbitrary direction.

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