JP2013148302A - Method and system of controlled blasting - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To take a sufficient vibration suppression measure by predicting with high precision a relationship between a vibration speed and an amount of charged explosive for each step.SOLUTION: A controlled blasting system 1 includes a vibrometer 2 configured to measure a vibration speed at the time of controlled blasting for each step and an arithmetic operation processing device 3 configured to calculate an amount of charged explosive for next controlled blasting for each step by using a measurement result of the vibrometer. The arithmetic operation processing device includes a prediction part 4 configured to mutually associate an amount of charged explosive per step used for controlled blasting and a vibration speed when the controlled blasting is performed with the amount of charged explosive by using a vibration coefficient, a vibration coefficient calculation part 5 configured to calculate a vibration coefficient by using a preset amount of used charged explosive per step and a measured speed when the controlled blasting is performed with the amount of used charged explosive, a limit charged explosive amount calculation part 6 configured to calculate a limit amount of charged explosive corresponding to a predetermined target speed by using the calculated vibration coefficient, and a charged explosive amount evaluation part 7 configured to evaluate the amount of used charged explosive used for next controlled blasting by using the excess amount and the reserve amount of the above-described amount of used charged explosive for the limit amount of charged explosive.

Description

  The present invention relates to a controlled blasting method and system mainly applied to blast excavation in a mountain tunnel.

  When constructing a mountain tunnel, digging methods such as blasting excavation and mechanical excavation should be selected as appropriate, taking into account the natural conditions, etc. Appropriate anti-vibration measures must be taken to prevent it from coming out.

  As a measure to reduce vibration, controlled blasting that uses a staged electrical detonator such as an MS staged electrical detonator or a DS staged electrical detonator to explode one after another while shifting the explosion time while reducing the energy released per time. It is valid.

For vibration, values such as displacement (cm), speed (cm / s), and acceleration (cm / s ² ) are physical quantities, but speed is a representative index in relation to damage to the ground and buildings. The vibration level obtained from the speed is also subject to vibration regulation.

Therefore, in reducing vibration due to blasting, as an example, the following prediction formula,
V = K ・ W ^m・ D ⁿ
V: Speed (cm / s)
K: Vibration coefficient
W: Amount of charge per step (kg)
D: Distance from blast location (m)
m; 0.5-1.0
n: The speed V at the time of control blasting is estimated by about -2, and the following equation:
VL = 20 ・ logV + 81-84
VL: Taking measures to reduce the vibration level by using the fact that the vibration level VL can be estimated from the vibration level, the charge amount is calculated backward from the vibration level not exceeding the regulation value, and the control blasting is performed with the charge amount. In the blasting field, V described above is generally called “displacement speed” (Non-patent Document 1), but in this specification, it is called speed as a general term related to vibration.

JP 2006-90573 A

“Such Blasting Such Blasting”, Japan Explosives Industry Association, issued on March 28, 2002

  However, although some proposals have been made regarding the vibration coefficient K depending on m and n, in the case of tunnel blasting, only two cases of centering and payment are proposed. (Non-Patent Document 1), there is a problem that vibration prediction is naturally limited in accuracy.

  By the way, by performing vibration measurement by blast test before blasting work, the relationship between speed V and vibration coefficient K is obtained in advance, and at the time of blasting work, the set target speed (control value) is set. A method has been proposed in which the corresponding vibration coefficient K is obtained from the above-described relationship, and by applying these to the above-described prediction formula, the charge amount W is calculated backward (Patent Document 1).

  According to such a method, the vibration coefficient K can be used properly when the target speed is severe, such that the smaller vibration coefficient K is used, and when the target speed can be relaxed, the larger vibration coefficient K can be used. Since the vibration coefficient K is not determined, there is still a limit in predicting the relationship between the vibration speed and the amount of charge for each stage, and as a result, it is difficult to take sufficient vibration suppression measures.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and is capable of taking sufficient vibration suppression measures by predicting the relationship between vibration speed and charge amount with high accuracy for each stage. It is an object to provide a method and system.

To achieve the above object, a control blasting method according to the present invention as described in claim 1, the charge amount per stage when performing control blasting of N stages W _{i (i} = 1,2, 3 ... N), V _i (i = 1,2,3 ... N) and the vibration coefficient for each step at the point separated by the distance D from the position where the control blasting is performed. When _Ki (i = 1, 2, 3... N), any two of the charge amount W _i , the speed V _i, and the vibration coefficient K _i are expressed by the following prediction formula:
V _i = K _i · W _i ^m · D ⁿ (1)
m, n; a control blasting method that predicts the other by applying to a constant,
The vibration speed at the time of control blasting performed at a preset charge amount W ′ _i per step set is measured at the point as the measurement speed V ′ _i for each step,
The vibration coefficient K _i is calculated by substituting the used charge amount W ′ _i and the measured speed V ′ _i into the charge amount W _i and the speed V _i in the prediction formula, respectively.
By applying a predetermined target speed V ₀ to the prediction formula, the amount of charge when the speed V _i matches the target speed V ₀ is calculated as the limit charge amount W ″ _i for each stage,
The sum WT ₁ of the excess amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _{i at the} stage where the measured speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ ,
WT ₁ = Σ (W ′ _i −W ″ _i ) (2)
And the total sum WT ₂ of the surplus amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _i in the stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V ₀ ,
WT ₂ = Σ (W " _i -W ' _i ) (3)
If the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is equal to or less than the sum WT _{2 of the} surplus amount, the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is set to a stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V _0. velocity V _i are together distributed to stepped so that the target speed V ₀ or less, the used charge amount using the charge amount after vibrating into the following control blasting in,
When the total amount WT _{1 of the} excess amount exceeds the total amount WT _{2 of the} margin amount, the charge amount used for the next control blasting is reset,
When the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or lower than the target speed V _{0 at} all stages, the used charge amount W ′ _i is set as a new used charge amount in the next control blasting.

The control blasting method according to the present invention, _{'when j} exceeds the limit charge amount W _"j, the use charge amount W' the use charge amount W in _j-i is the limit charge If there are stages that do not reach the amount W ″ _i in the stages after the j stage, the excess in the j stage, that is, the k stage (j <k ≦ N) that is the first stage among them, that is, ,
ΔW = W ′ _j −W ″ _j (4)
If there is no stage in which the used charge amount W ′ _i does not reach the limit charge quantity W ″ _i in the stage after the j stage, the first stage, the second stage, or the s stage after that The excess amount in the j-th stage is assigned to (1, 2 ≦ s <j).

Further, as described in claim 3, the control blasting system according to the present invention sets the amount of charge per stage when performing the control blasting consisting of N stages as W _i (i = 1,2,3... N ), V _i (i = 1,2,3... N) for each stage of vibration at a point separated from the position where the control blasting is performed by a distance D, and K _i (i = i = _i for each stage). 1, 2, 3... N), any two of the charge amount W _i , the speed V _i and the vibration coefficient K _i are expressed by the following prediction formula:
V _i = K _i · W _i ^m · D ⁿ (1)
m, n; a control blasting system including a prediction unit that predicts the other by applying to a constant,
A vibration meter that measures the vibration speed at the point as the measurement speed V ′ _i for each stage when the control blasting is performed at a preset charge amount W ′ _i per stage;
A vibration coefficient for calculating the vibration coefficient K _i by substituting the used charge amount W ′ _i and the measured speed V ′ _i into the charge amount W _i and the speed V _i in the prediction formula, respectively. A calculation unit;
By applying a predetermined target speed V ₀ to the prediction formula, the amount of charge when the speed V _i matches the target speed V ₀ is calculated as the limit charge amount W ″ _i for each stage. A dose calculator,
A charge amount evaluation unit for evaluating the amount of charge used for the next controlled blast,
The charge amount evaluation unit calculates a sum WT ₁ of the excess amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _{i at the} stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ .
WT ₁ = Σ (W ′ _i −W ″ _i ) (2)
And the total sum WT ₂ of the surplus amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _i in the stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V ₀ ,
WT ₂ = Σ (W " _i -W ' _i ) (3)
If the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is equal to or less than the sum WT _{2 of the} surplus amount, the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is set to a stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V _0. velocity V _i are together distributed to stepped so that the target speed V ₀ or less, the used charge amount using the charge amount after vibrating into the following control blasting in,
When the total amount WT _{1 of the} excess amount exceeds the total amount WT _{2 of the} margin amount, the charge amount used for the next control blasting is reset,
When the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or lower than the target speed V _{0 at} all stages, the used charge amount W ′ _i is set as a new used charge amount in the next control blasting. It is.

  The control blasting method and system according to the present invention is applied to control blasting consisting of N stages, and a vibration meter is installed at a point separated by a distance D from the position where the control blasting is performed, and is controlled by the vibration meter. The speed of vibration at the time of blasting is measured for each stage, and calculation processing is performed using the extended prediction formula, so that the charge per stage is adjusted so that the speed of vibration caused by control blasting matches the target speed. The amount is calculated to be the limit charge amount, and after adjusting the excess and deficiency between the limit charge amount and the actual use charge amount, this is set as the use charge amount per stage used for the next control blasting.

That is, in the control blasting method and system according to the present invention, first, the amount of charge used per stage used for control blasting to a predetermined face is preset as W ′ _i .

Next, the vibration speed at the time of control blasting performed with the amount of charge W ′ _i used is measured with a vibrometer as the measurement speed V ′ _i for each stage.

Next, a 'and _i measuring velocity V' used charge amount W and _i, respectively as Sokusuriryou W _i and the speed V _i, the following equation,
V _i = K _i · W _i ^m · D ⁿ (1)
m, n; by substituting the constant, for calculating a vibration coefficient K _i for each stage. Here, Equation (1) is an extension of the conventional vibration prediction equation so that it can be applied to vibration prediction for each stage.

Next, a target speed V ₀ is set in advance as a target value to be monitored while taking into consideration a regulation value according to the vibration regulation law or the like, and the target speed V ₀ is substituted into the speed V _i in the equation (1). The limit charge amount W ″ _i for each stage when the speed V _i matches the target speed V ₀ is calculated.

If such a calculation is performed, when the measured speed V ′ _i is higher than the target speed V ₀ , it is determined as an excess amount how much the used charge amount W ′ _i exceeds the limit charge amount W ″ _i. When the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or lower than the target speed V ₀ , it is possible to grasp as a margin amount how much the used charge amount W ′ _i is below the limit charge amount W ″ _i .

Then, based on these grasping, 'the excess amount _i is the larger stages than the target speed V _0, the measuring velocity V' measured velocity V with distributed _i is in accordance with the allowance to the target speed V ₀ following stage, If the amount of charge after distribution is the amount of charge to be used for the next controlled blast, the speed due to vibration that will occur in the next controlled blast can be generally suppressed to the target speed V ₀ or less for each stage. Thus, vibration suppression measures become more rational.

  In addition, in tunnel excavation, the ground conditions change with the progress, but in the present invention, the amount of charge is reviewed to follow the changing ground conditions, and the amount of charge used for the next blasting is reduced. Therefore, the above-described vibration suppression measures can be reliably maintained throughout the tunnel.

The distribution needs to be performed so that the speed V _i becomes equal to or lower than the target speed V ₀ after the addition in the stage where the charge amount is added. As a premise that this is possible, the measurement speed V ′ _i is further set to the target speed V 0. excess amount of total WT ₁ in stage greater than _0, measured velocity V _'i that is required is the sum WT ₂ following allowance in the target speed V ₀ or less is stepped.

That is, when the excess sum WT ₁ is less than or equal to the surplus amount total WT ₂ , vibration suppression by distribution of the excess amount is possible. Therefore, the excess amount is appropriately distributed, and the excess sum WT ₁ is the surplus amount. when exceeding the sum WT _2, since it can be determined to be impossible vibration suppression by excess amount of the distribution, to reset separately using charge amount in new perspective for use in the next control blasting.

On the other hand, the measuring velocity V 'in the case _{where i} is the target speed V ₀ or less in all the stages, it can be determined that there is no need to perform a new vibration control measures, uses charge amount W' directly next control _i What is necessary is just to use the new charge amount in blasting.

  Specific numerical values of m and n in the formula (1) can be appropriately selected according to a conventional prediction formula. For example, m is set to 0.5 to 1.0, and n is set to around −2. it can.

  In control blasting consisting of N stages, it is common that one stage is cored, and the second and subsequent stages are paid. However, in the present invention, all stages including the centering are applied, or two stages. Whether to apply only subsequent payments is optional.

  Vibrometers can be installed anywhere as long as the speed of vibration associated with controlled blasting can be measured. For example, they can be installed in tunnels that are under controlled blasting or placed in parallel existing tunnels. It is possible.

It is arbitrary which procedure is used to distribute the excess amount generated at the stage where the measured speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V _0. For example, a configuration in which the excess amount is preferentially distributed from the stage having a large margin amount is possible. However, when the used charge amount W ′ _j exceeds the limit charge amount W ″ _j in the j-th stage, the use charge amount W ′ _i does not reach the limit charge amount W ″ _i. Is present in the jth and subsequent stages, the excess in the jth stage, i.e., the kth stage (j <k ≦ N) which is the first stage among them, that is,
ΔW = W ′ _j −W ″ _j (4)
If there is no stage in which the used charge amount W ′ _i does not reach the limit charge quantity W ″ _i in the stage after the j stage, the first stage, the second stage, or the s stage after that If the configuration is such that the excess amount in the j-th stage is distributed to (1, 2 ≦ s <j), vibration can be suppressed by reliably distributing the excess amount without significantly changing the blasting pattern. .

The block diagram which showed the control blasting system which concerns on this embodiment. The flowchart which showed the implementation procedure of the control blasting method which concerns on this embodiment. The flowchart which showed the implementation procedure of the control blasting method which concerns on this embodiment continuously.

  Embodiments of a control blasting method and system according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a control blasting system according to the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, the control blasting system 1 according to the present embodiment includes a vibrometer 2 that measures the speed of vibration caused by the control blasting for each stage when performing the control blasting composed of N stages, It is comprised from the arithmetic processing unit 3 which calculates the amount of charges per stage used for the next control blasting using the measurement result of a vibrometer.

  As the vibrometer 2, for example, a three-way vibration velocimeter may be adopted.

  The arithmetic processing unit 3 is configured by using a personal computer installed in a field office or the like, and can receive the measurement result by the vibration meter 2 described above via radio and perform arithmetic processing on the measurement result. Yes.

  Here, the arithmetic processing unit 3 includes a prediction unit 4 that associates the amount of charge per stage used for control blasting and the speed of vibration when performing control blasting with the amount of charge using a vibration coefficient, A vibration coefficient calculation unit 5 that calculates the vibration coefficient described above using a preset charge amount per stage and a vibration measurement speed when control blasting is performed with the charge amount used; and The limit charge amount calculation unit 6 that calculates a limit charge amount corresponding to a predetermined target speed using a vibration coefficient, and the above-described amount of use charge with respect to the calculated limit charge amount, that is, the excess A charge amount evaluation unit 7 that evaluates the amount of charge to be used for the next controlled blast using the amount and the surplus amount is provided.

  The prediction unit 4, the vibration coefficient calculation unit 5, the limit charge amount calculation unit 6 and the charge amount evaluation unit 7 are configured by hardware such as a CPU, a hard disk, and a memory constituting the personal computer described above and software operating on the hardware. do it.

Prediction unit 4, charge amount _{W i (i = 1,2,3 ··· N} ) per stage, speed V _i of each stage of the vibration at the point where only the distance D from the position for controlling blasting (i = 1,2,3... N), where the vibration coefficient for each stage is _Ki (i = 1,2,3... N), the amount of charge W _i , the speed V _i and the vibration Any two of the coefficients K _i are expressed by the following prediction formula:
V _i = K _i · W _i ^m · D ⁿ (1)
m; 0.5-1.0
By applying it around n; -2, the other one is predicted.

The vibration coefficient calculation unit 5 uses the predetermined amount of charge W ′ _i per step and the measurement speed V ′ _i for each step when the control blasting is performed with the amount of charge used as shown in equation (1). By substituting each of the charged amount W _i and the velocity V _i , the vibration coefficient K _i of the same equation can be calculated.

The limit charge amount calculation unit 6 applies the predetermined target speed V ₀ to the equation (1), thereby determining the charge amount when the speed V _i matches the target speed V _0. It can be calculated as a dose W " _i .

The charge amount evaluation unit 7 calculates the sum WT ₁ of the excess amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _{i at the} stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ .
WT ₁ = Σ (W ′ _i −W ″ _i ) (2)
And the sum WT ₂ of the surplus amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _i in the stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V ₀ ,
WT ₂ = Σ (W " _i -W ' _i ) (3)
When the excess amount sum WT ₁ is less than or equal to the surplus amount sum WT ₂ , the excess amount sum WT ₁ is used as the speed V in the stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is less than or equal to the target speed V _{0. The i} is distributed to the stage so that it is equal to or less than the target speed V _0, and the amount of charge after the distribution is used as the amount of charge used for the next control blasting.

Further, when the total amount WT _{1 of the} excess amount exceeds the total amount WT _{2 of the} surplus amount, the charge amount evaluation unit 7 uses the device used for the next control blasting via an input device (not shown) such as a keyboard. When the dose is reset and the measured speed V ′ _i is less than or equal to the target speed V _{0 at} all stages, the used charge W ′ _i is set as the new used charge in the next control blast. It has become.

In order to perform control blasting consisting of N stages using the control blasting system 1 according to the present embodiment, first, the amount of charge used per stage used for control blasting to a predetermined face as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Is set as W ′ _i (kg) (step 101).

  Control blasting can be configured to shift the detonation time using, for example, an MS stage electric detonator or a DS stage electric detonator.

Next, the vibration speed at the time of control blasting performed with the amount of charge W ′ _i (kg) used is measured by the vibrometer 2 as a measurement speed V ′ _i (cm / s) for each step (step 102). .

  The vibrometer 2 can be installed in an existing excavation site of a tunnel to be excavated by controlled blasting or an existing tunnel located on the side of the tunnel being excavated.

Next, the vibration coefficient K _i for each stage is calculated by substituting the used charge amount W ′ _i and the measurement speed V ′ _i into the charge amount W _i and the speed V _i in equation (1), respectively. (Step 103).

Next, preset target speed V ₀ as a target value to be monitored, by substituting the target speed V ₀ (1) to the speed V _i of the expression, when the speed V _i is equal to the target speed V ₀ The limit charge amount W ″ _i for each stage is calculated (step 104).

The target speed V ₀ may be set as appropriate according to the distance D from the point where the control blasting is performed to the place where the vibrometer 2 is installed, while taking into account the restriction value according to the vibration restriction law or the like. V _{0 is set} to 3 cm / s.

Next, using the calculated limit charge amount W ″ _i and the use charge amount W ′ _i , use charge for the limit charge amount W ″ _{i at the} stage where the measured speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V _0. The sum WT ₁ of the excess amount of the amount W ′ _i is expressed by the following equation:
WT ₁ = Σ (W ′ _i −W ″ _i ) (2)
And the sum WT ₂ of the surplus amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _i in the stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V ₀ is expressed by the following equation:
WT ₂ = Σ (W " _i -W ' _i ) (3)
(Step 105).

Next, when the excess amount sum WT ₁ exceeds the surplus amount sum WT ₂ (step 106, NO), it can be determined that the vibration suppression countermeasure by the distribution of the excess amount is impossible, so that it is used for the next control blasting. The charge amount is separately reset from a new point of view (step 107).

On the other hand, when the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is equal to or less than the sum WT _{2 of the} surplus amount (step 106, YES) and the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V ₀ in all stages (step 108, NO) Since it can be determined that it is not necessary to take a new vibration suppression measure, the used charge amount W ′ _i is directly used as the new used charge amount in the next control blasting (step 109).

Next, when the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is equal to or less than the sum WT _{2 of the} surplus amount (step 106, YES), and the measured speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ at any stage ( In step 108, YES), vibration suppression by distribution of excess amount is possible. Therefore, the excess amount generated at the stage where the measured speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ is distributed to other stages according to the following procedure. For convenience of explanation, in the present embodiment, the second and subsequent stages for payment are the evaluation targets for the amount of used charge, and the first stage for core removal is excluded from the evaluation target.

That is, the calculated limit charge amount W ″ _i and the use charge amount W ′ _i are compared at each stage (i = 2, 3,... N), and among them, the use charge quantity at the j-th stage. When W ′ _j exceeds the limit charge amount W ″ _j , the stage where the charge amount W ′ _i used does not reach the limit charge amount W ″ _i , that is, the stage having a margin amount is the stage after the j stage. (Step 110, YES), the excess amount in the jth stage in the kth stage (j <k ≦ N) which is the first stage of them, that is,
ΔW = W ′ _j −W ″ _j (4)
(Step 111).

  On the other hand, when there is no stage having a margin in the jth and subsequent stages (step 110, NO), the excess amount in the jth stage is allocated to the second stage and the subsequent s stages (2 ≦ s <j) ( Step 112).

Table 1 shows an example of distribution when N = 5.

In the example in the table, there distance D 20 m, a m 0.75, n as 2 in (1), explaining the two-stage example, use charge amount W _'2 is 4.8 kg, measured Since the speed V ′ ₂ is 3.5 cm / s, by substituting these into the equation (1), the vibration coefficient K ₂ becomes 432, and the target speed V ₀ is 3 cm / s. The dose W " ₂ is 3.9 kg.

Here, in the second stage and the fifth stage, the measurement speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ , and the used charge amount W ′ _i exceeds the limit charge quantity W ″ _i . On the other hand, in the third and fourth stages, the measurement speed V ′ _i is equal to or lower than the target speed V ₀ , and the used charge amount W ′ _i has a margin with respect to the limit charge quantity W ″ _i . It is in a state. Further, since the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is 1.1 kg, the sum WT _{2 of the} surplus amount is 2.5 kg, so that the excess amount can be distributed.

  Therefore, each excess amount in the second and fifth stages is allocated to the third and subsequent stages and the fourth and subsequent stages, respectively. Specifically, since the excess amount ΔW in the second stage is 0.9 kg from the equation (4), since there are three stages as the first stage in which a margin occurs after the stage, Distribute to 3 levels.

  Next, in the third stage, the initial margin amount was 0.2 kg, but since the distribution amount 0.9 kg from the second stage is added, the result is an excess of 0.7 kg. The excess amount of 0.7 kg is allocated to the first stage where a margin is generated after the stage, that is, the fourth stage.

  Here, in the fourth stage, since there is a margin of 2.3 kg, it is possible to absorb an excess amount of 0.7 kg.

  Next, since it exceeds 0.2 kg in the 5th stage, it is necessary to distribute this. However, since there is no first stage that has a margin after that stage, the process returns to the first 2nd stage. Then, since there are four stages as the first stage where a margin occurs after the stage, the excess amount of 0.2 kg is distributed to the four stages.

  Here, since there is a margin of 1.6 kg in the fourth stage, it is possible to absorb an excess amount of 0.2 kg.

In the example of Table 1, the distribution is completed at this time, and the amount of charge to be used for the next control blast is determined as shown in the rightmost column of the same table, but in general, the limit amount of charge W " _i Steps 110 to 112 are repeated until the excess of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to is resolved in all stages.

As described above, according to the control blasting system 1 and the control blasting method using the control blasting system 1 according to the present embodiment, in the stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is larger than the target speed V ₀ , the amount of charge used W ′ _i Is exceeding the limit charge amount W " _i as an excess amount, and when the measurement speed V ' _i is less than the target speed V ₀ , the charge amount W' _i used is the limit charge amount W Since it is possible to grasp how much is below _i as a margin, based on these grasps, the excess amount at the stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is larger than the target speed V ₀ is determined as the measured speed V ′ _i. Is distributed according to the amount of margin to the speed below the target speed V _{0, the} speed due to vibration that will occur in the next control blasting can be substantially suppressed to the target speed V ₀ or less for each stage. Thus, vibration suppression measures become more rational .

  In addition, according to the control blasting system 1 and the control blasting method using the same according to the present embodiment, the amount of charge is reviewed in the form of following the ground conditions that change as the tunnel excavation progresses, and the next blasting is performed. Since this is reflected in the amount of charge used, it is possible to reliably maintain the above-described vibration suppression measures throughout the tunnel.

  In addition, according to the control blasting method according to the present embodiment, when there are more than j stages, and there is a stage with a margin after the j stages, the k stage which is the first stage among them. (J <k ≦ N) is assigned an excess amount ΔW at j stage, and if there is no margin after j stages, the excess amount is at 2 stages or subsequent s stages (2 ≦ s <j). Since ΔW is distributed, the excess amount can be reliably distributed and vibration can be suppressed without greatly changing the blasting plan.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Control blasting system 2 Vibrometer 4 Prediction part 5 Vibration coefficient calculation part 6 Limit charge amount calculation part 7 Charge amount evaluation part

Claims (3)

Charge amount W _i per stage when performing control blasting of N stages (i = 1,2,3 ··· N), for each stage at the point where only the distance D from the position for the control blasting When the vibration speed is V _i (i = 1,2,3... N) and the vibration coefficient for each stage is K _i (i = 1,2,3. Any one of _i , the speed V _i and the vibration coefficient K _i is expressed by the following prediction formula:
V _i = K _i · W _i ^m · D ⁿ (1)
m, n; a control blasting method that predicts the other by applying to a constant,
The vibration speed at the time of control blasting performed at a preset charge amount W ′ _i per step set is measured at the point as the measurement speed V ′ _i for each step,
The vibration coefficient K _i is calculated by substituting the used charge amount W ′ _i and the measured speed V ′ _i into the charge amount W _i and the speed V _i in the prediction formula, respectively.
By applying a predetermined target speed V ₀ to the prediction formula, the amount of charge when the speed V _i matches the target speed V ₀ is calculated as the limit charge amount W ″ _i for each stage,
The sum WT ₁ of the excess amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _{i at the} stage where the measured speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ ,
WT ₁ = Σ (W ′ _i −W ″ _i ) (2)
And the total sum WT ₂ of the surplus amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _i in the stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V ₀ ,
WT ₂ = Σ (W " _i -W ' _i ) (3)
If the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is equal to or less than the sum WT _{2 of the} surplus amount, the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is set to a stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V _0. velocity V _i are together distributed to stepped so that the target speed V ₀ or less, the used charge amount using the charge amount after vibrating into the following control blasting in,
When the total amount WT _{1 of the} excess amount exceeds the total amount WT _{2 of the} margin amount, the charge amount used for the next control blasting is reset,
When the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or lower than the target speed V _{0 at} all stages, the used charge amount W ′ _i is set as a new used charge amount in the next control blasting. Blasting method. When the used charge amount W ′ _j exceeds the limit charge amount W ″ _j in the j-th stage, the stage where the use charge amount W ′ _i does not reach the limit charge amount W ″ _i is When there are j stages and subsequent stages, the excess in the j stage is added to the k stages (j <k ≦ N) which is the first stage among them, that is,
ΔW = W ′ _j −W ″ _j (4)
If there is no stage in which the used charge amount W ′ _i does not reach the limit charge quantity W ″ _i in the stage after the j stage, the first stage, the second stage, or the s stage after that The control blasting method according to claim 1, wherein an excess amount in the j-th stage is allocated to (1, 2 ≦ s <j). The charge amount per stage when performing control blasting of N stages _{W i (i = 1,2,3 ··· N} ), stages of the vibration at the point where only the distance D from the position for the control blasting V _i (i = 1,2,3... N) and the vibration coefficient for each stage as K _i (i = 1,2,3... N) Any one of _i , the speed V _i and the vibration coefficient K _i is expressed by the following prediction formula:
V _i = K _i · W _i ^m · D ⁿ (1)
m, n; a control blasting system including a prediction unit that predicts the other by applying to a constant,
A vibration meter that measures the vibration speed at the point as the measurement speed V ′ _i for each stage when the control blasting is performed at a preset charge amount W ′ _i per stage;
A vibration coefficient for calculating the vibration coefficient K _i by substituting the used charge amount W ′ _i and the measured speed V ′ _i into the charge amount W _i and the speed V _i in the prediction formula, respectively. A calculation unit;
By applying a predetermined target speed V ₀ to the prediction formula, the amount of charge when the speed V _i matches the target speed V ₀ is calculated as the limit charge amount W ″ _i for each stage. A dose calculator,
A charge amount evaluation unit for evaluating the amount of charge used for the next controlled blast,
The charge amount evaluation unit calculates a sum WT ₁ of the excess amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _{i at the} stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i exceeds the target speed V ₀ .
WT ₁ = Σ (W ′ _i −W ″ _i ) (2)
And the total sum WT ₂ of the surplus amount of the used charge amount W ′ _i with respect to the limit charge amount W ″ _i in the stage where the measurement speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V ₀ ,
WT ₂ = Σ (W " _i -W ' _i ) (3)
If the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is equal to or less than the sum WT _{2 of the} surplus amount, the sum WT _{1 of the} excess amount is set to a stage where the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or less than the target speed V _0. velocity V _i are together distributed to stepped so that the target speed V ₀ or less, the used charge amount using the charge amount after vibrating into the following control blasting in,
When the total amount WT _{1 of the} excess amount exceeds the total amount WT _{2 of the} margin amount, the charge amount used for the next control blasting is reset,
When the measured speed V ′ _i is equal to or lower than the target speed V _{0 at} all stages, the used charge amount W ′ _i is set as a new used charge quantity in the next control blasting. Control blasting system characterized by.

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