JP2013120082A - Ultrasonic flaw detection method - Google Patents

Ultrasonic flaw detection method Download PDF

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JP2013120082A
JP2013120082A JP2011267097A JP2011267097A JP2013120082A JP 2013120082 A JP2013120082 A JP 2013120082A JP 2011267097 A JP2011267097 A JP 2011267097A JP 2011267097 A JP2011267097 A JP 2011267097A JP 2013120082 A JP2013120082 A JP 2013120082A
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ultrasonic
round
bar steel
flaw
round bar
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JP5810873B2 (en
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Daisuke Mori
大輔 森
Takehide Ikeda
太慶秀 池田
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Daido Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flaw detection method capable of simultaneously detecting a surface flaw and an inner flaw of a solid round-bar steel.SOLUTION: A plurality of ultrasonic vibrators 3 capable of transmitting/receiving ultrasonic waves are arrayed so as to form a circular arc surface in a peripheral direction opposite to the outer periphery of a solid round-bar steel 1 arranged underwater, and an ultrasonic beam B is oscillated from a part of the ultrasonic vibrators 3 to the round-bar steel 1 to detect existence/non-existence of an inner flaw 11 of the round-bar steel 1 by a reflected wave R11 reflected from the inside of the round-bar steel 1 and received by the partial ultrasonic vibrator 3 and to detect existence/non-existence of a surface flaw 12 of the round-bar steel 1 by a reflected wave R12 of a surface wave S generated in the round-bar steel 1 and received by a part of another ultrasonic vibrator 3 excluding the partial ultrasonic vibrator 3.

Description

本発明は超音波探傷方法に関し、特に丸棒鋼の表面傷と内部傷を同時に検出できる探傷方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection method, and more particularly to a flaw detection method capable of simultaneously detecting surface flaws and internal flaws of a round steel bar.

表面傷と内部傷を同時に検出する方法が特許文献1に記載されている。ここでは、垂直探触子をホルダー内に収納して横波屈折角を70°〜80°に設定している。そして、表面波と横波を同時に発生させ、反射波に対する検出ゲートを設定することによって、表面波探傷と横波斜角探傷を同時に行うようにしている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a method for simultaneously detecting surface flaws and internal flaws. Here, the vertical probe is housed in the holder, and the transverse wave refraction angle is set to 70 ° to 80 °. Then, by generating a surface wave and a transverse wave at the same time and setting a detection gate for the reflected wave, the surface wave flaw detection and the transverse wave flaw detection are performed simultaneously.

特開平7−63731JP 7-63731 A

しかし、上記従来の方法では、内周面での横波の反射を利用して電縫鋼管等の円管体の探傷を行うことは可能であるものの、中実の丸棒鋼の探傷は実際には困難であるという問題があった。   However, in the above conventional method, although it is possible to detect a circular pipe body such as an electric resistance steel pipe by utilizing the reflection of the transverse wave on the inner peripheral surface, the inspection of a solid round bar steel is actually There was a problem that it was difficult.

そこで、本発明はこのような課題を解決するもので、中実の丸棒鋼の表面傷と内部傷を同時に検出することが可能な探傷方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention solves such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a flaw detection method capable of simultaneously detecting a surface flaw and an internal flaw of a solid round steel bar.

上記目的を達成するために、本第1発明では、水中に配設された中実丸棒鋼(1)の外周に対向して、超音波を受発振可能な複数の超音波振動子(3)を周方向へ円弧面をなすように配列し、これら超音波振動子(3)の一部より丸棒鋼(1)に向けて超音波ビーム(B)を発振させて、上記一部の超音波振動子(3)で受振される、丸棒鋼(1)の内部からの反射波(R11)より丸棒鋼(1)の内部傷(11)の有無を検出するとともに、上記一部の超音波振動子を除いた他の一部の超音波振動子(3)で受振される、丸棒鋼(1)に生じた表面波(S)の反射波(R12)より丸棒鋼(1)の表面傷(12)の有無を検出することを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above object, in the first invention, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers (3) capable of receiving and oscillating ultrasonic waves facing the outer periphery of a solid round steel bar (1) disposed in water. Are arranged so as to form a circular arc surface in the circumferential direction, and an ultrasonic beam (B) is oscillated from a part of these ultrasonic transducers (3) toward the round steel bar (1), and the part of the ultrasonic waves The presence of internal flaws (11) in the round steel bar (1) is detected from the reflected wave (R11) from the inside of the round steel bar (1) received by the vibrator (3), and the above-mentioned part of the ultrasonic vibration Surface scratches on the round steel bar (1) from the reflected wave (R12) of the surface wave (S) generated on the round steel bar (1), which is received by some of the other ultrasonic transducers (3) excluding the child ( It is characterized by detecting the presence or absence of 12).

本第1発明においては、超音波振動子のうち中実の丸棒鋼に向けて超音波を発振させた一部の超音波振動子で反射波を受振することによって丸棒鋼の内部傷の有無を検出でき、また上記一部の超音波振動子を除いた他の一部の超音波振動子で受振される反射波を受振することによって丸棒鋼の表面傷の有無を検出する。中実の丸棒鋼の表面傷と内部傷を同時に検出することができるから、中実丸棒鋼の迅速な探傷が可能である。 In the first aspect of the invention, the presence of internal flaws in the round bar steel by receiving the reflected wave from a part of the ultrasonic vibrators that oscillate the ultrasonic wave toward the solid round bar steel. The presence or absence of surface flaws in the round bar steel is detected by receiving reflected waves that can be detected and received by some of the ultrasonic transducers other than the ultrasonic transducers. Since surface flaws and internal flaws of a solid round steel bar can be detected simultaneously, a solid flaw detection of a solid round steel bar can be performed quickly.

本第2発明では、上記一部の超音波振動子(3)として選択される領域を円弧面の一端部から他端部へ漸次移動させつつ超音波(B)ビームを発振させるようにする。 In the second aspect of the invention, the ultrasonic wave (B) beam is oscillated while the region selected as the part of the ultrasonic transducers (3) is gradually moved from one end portion to the other end portion of the circular arc surface.

本第2発明においては、円弧面の一端部から他端部へ漸次移動させつつ超音波(B)ビームを発振させるから、中実丸棒材の被探傷断面部分の広い範囲の内部傷の有無を検出することができる。 In the second aspect of the invention, since the ultrasonic (B) beam is oscillated while gradually moving from one end portion to the other end portion of the arcuate surface, the presence or absence of internal flaws in a wide range of the cross section to be inspected of the solid round bar Can be detected.

上記カッコ内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものである。 The reference numerals in the parentheses indicate the correspondence with specific means described in the embodiments described later.

以上のように、本発明によれば、中実の丸棒鋼の表面傷と内部傷を同時に検出することができるから、中実丸棒鋼の迅速な探傷が可能となる。   As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect a surface flaw and an internal flaw of a solid round bar steel at the same time, so that a rapid flaw detection of a solid round bar can be performed.

本発明方法を説明する概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the method of this invention. 超音波振動子で得られる反射波信号の波形図である。It is a wave form diagram of the reflected wave signal obtained with an ultrasonic transducer. 超音波振動子で得られる反射波信号の波形図である。It is a wave form diagram of the reflected wave signal obtained with an ultrasonic transducer. 本発明方法を説明する概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the method of this invention. 本発明方法を説明する概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the method of this invention.

なお、以下に説明する実施形態はあくまで一例であり、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で当業者が行う種々の設計的改良も本発明の範囲に含まれる。 The embodiment described below is merely an example, and various design improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.

図1において、中実の丸棒鋼1の被探傷断面部分は公知の構造で水中に配設されており、当該被探傷断面部分には内部傷11と表面傷12が生じている。なお、実際の実験では通常の丸棒鋼1に代えてこれを一定厚みに切り出したものを使用している。そして、内部傷11はドリル等で円形貫通孔を形成することにより実現し、また表面傷12は表面に矩形溝を形成することによって実現している。 In FIG. 1, the cross section of the inspection object of the solid round steel bar 1 is disposed in water with a known structure, and an internal flaw 11 and a surface flaw 12 are generated in the cross section of the inspection object. In an actual experiment, instead of the normal round steel bar 1, a material obtained by cutting it into a constant thickness is used. The internal flaw 11 is realized by forming a circular through hole with a drill or the like, and the surface flaw 12 is realized by forming a rectangular groove on the surface.

丸棒鋼1の外方にはフェーズドアレイプローブ2が位置させてある。フェーズドアレイプローブ2は丸棒鋼1の外周面に対向する内側面21を、周方向へ約60度の角度範囲で丸棒鋼1と同心の円弧面に形成してあり、当該円弧面上に丸棒鋼1の外周面に向けて複数の超音波振動子3が周方向で互いに隣接させて設けられている。 A phased array probe 2 is positioned outside the round bar 1. The phased array probe 2 has an inner side surface 21 facing the outer peripheral surface of the round bar steel 1 formed in an arc surface concentric with the round bar steel 1 in an angular range of about 60 degrees in the circumferential direction. A plurality of ultrasonic transducers 3 are provided adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction toward one outer peripheral surface.

フェーズドアレイプローブ2はその超音波振動子3の任意のものを任意のタイミングで励振することが可能である。そこで例えば、円弧面の一端部にある図1のX領域の、所定数の超音波振動子3を所定のタイミングで励振することによって、丸棒鋼1の中心Oに向けて収束するような超音波ビームBを発振させることができる。このようなフェーズドアレイプローブ2は実際には丸棒鋼1の全周を覆うように周方向へ位置をずらして6個配置される。 The phased array probe 2 can excite any ultrasonic transducer 3 at any timing. Therefore, for example, an ultrasonic wave that converges toward the center O of the round steel bar 1 by exciting a predetermined number of ultrasonic transducers 3 in the X region in FIG. 1 at one end of the circular arc surface at a predetermined timing. The beam B can be oscillated. In actuality, six such phased array probes 2 are arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction so as to cover the entire circumference of the round steel bar 1.

なお、一例としては、直径が60mmの丸棒鋼(被探傷断面部分)1を使用し、丸棒鋼1の表面からの水距離を32.5mmとしてフェーズドアレイプローブ2の内側面21の曲率半径を62.5mmとするとともに、超音波発信子3は5MHzのものを0.5mmピッチで128個設ける。また、内部傷は直径0.3mmの円形であり、表面傷は幅0.1 mm、深さ0.1mmとする。 As an example, a round steel bar (section to be inspected) 1 having a diameter of 60 mm is used, the water distance from the surface of the round steel bar 1 is 32.5 mm, and the radius of curvature of the inner surface 21 of the phased array probe 2 is 62. .5 mm, and 128 ultrasonic transmitters 3 having a frequency of 5 MHz are provided at a pitch of 0.5 mm. The internal scratch is a circle having a diameter of 0.3 mm, and the surface scratch is 0.1 mm wide and 0.1 mm deep.

本実施形態では、最初に図1のX領域にある超音波振動子3を励振して超音波ビームBを発振する。超音波ビームBは丸棒鋼1の表面に入射する際に反射波(エコー)を生じ、その後、丸棒鋼1の円形断面内を横切って、その中心Oで収束した後、反対側の丸棒鋼表面(底面)で反射される。一方、超音波は球面波であるため、丸棒鋼1の表面に入射する際に大きく斜めに入射する成分があり、これによって丸棒鋼1の表面に表面波Sを生じる。 In this embodiment, first, the ultrasonic transducer 3 in the X region of FIG. When the ultrasonic beam B is incident on the surface of the round steel bar 1, a reflected wave (echo) is generated, and then traverses the circular cross section of the round steel bar 1 and converges at its center O, and then the opposite round steel bar surface. Reflected at (bottom). On the other hand, since the ultrasonic wave is a spherical wave, there is a component that is largely inclined when entering the surface of the round bar steel 1, thereby generating a surface wave S on the surface of the round bar steel 1.

ここで、本実施形態では、反射波を受振する全超音波振動子3のうち、超音波ビームを発振したX領域の超音波振動子3と、X領域から離れた円弧面の他端部である図1のY領域にある所定数の超音波振動子3の受振信号に注目する。 Here, in the present embodiment, among all the ultrasonic transducers 3 that receive the reflected wave, the ultrasonic transducer 3 in the X region that oscillates the ultrasonic beam and the other end of the arc surface that is remote from the X region. Attention is paid to the received signals of a predetermined number of ultrasonic transducers 3 in the Y region of FIG.

すなわち、X領域の超音波振動子3の受振信号は、丸棒鋼1内の超音波ビームBの通過範囲に内部傷11が無い場合には、表面エコーと底面エコーのみが現れるが、内部傷11があるとこれからの反射波R11によって図2に示すように表面エコーE1と底面エコーE2の間で傷エコーE11を生じる。そこで、この傷エコーE11が所定の閾値よりも大きい場合は内部傷有りと判定できる。 That is, in the vibration signal of the ultrasonic transducer 3 in the X region, when there is no internal flaw 11 in the passing range of the ultrasonic beam B in the round steel bar 1, only the surface echo and the bottom echo appear, but the internal flaw 11 If there is, a wound echo E11 is generated between the surface echo E1 and the bottom echo E2 by the reflected wave R11 from now on as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the scratch echo E11 is larger than a predetermined threshold, it can be determined that there is an internal scratch.

一方、Y領域の超音波振動子3の受振信号は、丸棒鋼1の表面に傷12が無い場合には、表面エコーと底面エコーのみが現れるが、表面傷12があると、表面波Sが表面傷12で散乱されて反射波R12(図1)を生じ、図3に示すように表面エコーE3と底面エコーE4の間で傷エコーE12を生じる。そこで、この傷エコーE12が所定の閾値よりも大きい場合は表面傷有りと判定できる。なお、超音波は広く反射散乱させられるので、Y領域の超音波振動子3においても、X領域の超音波振動子3により受振されるものほど大きくはないが、表面エコーと底面エコーが受振される。 On the other hand, the vibration signal of the ultrasonic transducer 3 in the Y region shows only the surface echo and the bottom echo when there is no scratch 12 on the surface of the round steel bar 1. It is scattered by the surface flaw 12 to generate a reflected wave R12 (FIG. 1), and a flaw echo E12 is generated between the surface echo E3 and the bottom echo E4 as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the scratch echo E12 is larger than a predetermined threshold, it can be determined that there is a surface scratch. Note that since the ultrasonic waves are widely reflected and scattered, the ultrasonic transducer 3 in the Y region is not as large as that received by the ultrasonic transducer 3 in the X region, but the surface echo and the bottom echo are received. The

以後、図4に示すように、X領域をフェーズドアレイプローブ2の中央方向へ漸次移動させて所定数の超音波振動子3を励振して超音波ビームBを発振させ、上記と同様に反射波をX領域とY領域の所定数の超音波振動子3でそれぞれ受振して内部傷11と、表面傷12の有無を判定する。なお、図4では超音波ビームの経路内に内部傷が存在しないから傷エコーE11(図2)は生じない。 Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4, the X region is gradually moved toward the center of the phased array probe 2 to excite a predetermined number of ultrasonic transducers 3 to oscillate an ultrasonic beam B. Is received by a predetermined number of ultrasonic transducers 3 in the X region and the Y region, respectively, and the presence or absence of the internal flaw 11 and the surface flaw 12 is determined. In FIG. 4, since there is no internal flaw in the path of the ultrasonic beam, the flaw echo E11 (FIG. 2) does not occur.

X領域をフェーズドアレイプローブ2の中央を越えてさらに反対側へ移動させた後は、図5に示すように、移動後のX領域の所定数の超音波振動子3を励振して超音波ビームBを発振させ、当該X領域の超音波振動子で反射波を受振して内部傷11の有無を判定するとともに、上述のY領域に代えて図5に示すようにフェーズドアレイプローブ2の円弧面の一端部にあるZ領域(本実施形態では測定開始時のX領域と同一範囲)の所定数の超音波振動子3で反射波を受振して表面傷12の有無を判定する。なお、図5では表面波Sによる表面傷12からの反射波は殆ど受振されない。 After moving the X region beyond the center of the phased array probe 2 to the opposite side, as shown in FIG. 5, a predetermined number of ultrasonic transducers 3 in the moved X region are excited to generate an ultrasonic beam. B is oscillated, and the reflected wave is received by the ultrasonic transducer in the X region to determine the presence or absence of the internal flaw 11, and the arcuate surface of the phased array probe 2 is replaced with the Y region as shown in FIG. The reflected waves are received by a predetermined number of ultrasonic transducers 3 in the Z region (in the present embodiment, the same range as the X region at the start of measurement) at one end of the surface to determine the presence or absence of the surface flaw 12. In FIG. 5, the reflected wave from the surface flaw 12 due to the surface wave S is hardly received.

以後は、他のフェーズドアレイプローブ2においても上記と同様にX領域を漸次移動させつつ超音波振動子3から超音波ビームBを発振させ、反射波E11,E12をY領域ないしZ領域の超音波振動子3で受振して内部傷11ないし表面傷12の有無を丸棒鋼1の被探傷断面部分全体に亘って判定する。このようにして、本実施形態によればX領域の超音波振動子からの一度の超音波ビームの発振によって、中実の丸棒鋼の内部傷と表面傷の有無を確実に判定することができる。 Thereafter, in the other phased array probes 2 as well, the ultrasonic beam B is oscillated from the ultrasonic transducer 3 while gradually moving the X region in the same manner as described above, and the reflected waves E11 and E12 are transmitted as ultrasonic waves in the Y region or Z region. The vibrator 3 receives the vibration, and the presence or absence of the internal flaw 11 or the surface flaw 12 is determined over the entire cross section of the round steel bar 1 to be examined. In this way, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reliably determine the presence or absence of internal flaws and surface flaws in a solid round bar steel by one-time oscillation of the ultrasonic beam from the ultrasonic transducer in the X region. .

なお、上記実施形態において、X領域、Y領域、Z領域の超音波振動子の数をどのように設定するかは設計的に任意に決定されるものである。また、Y領域、Z領域は必ずしも内側面(円弧面)の端部に設定する必要は無い。また、上記実施形態では複数の超音波振動子を丸棒鋼と同心の円弧面上に設けたが、円弧面は必ずしも同心である必要は無い。さらに、超音波ビームは丸棒鋼の円形断面の中心に収束させる必要はない。 In the above embodiment, how to set the number of ultrasonic transducers in the X region, the Y region, and the Z region is arbitrarily determined by design. Further, the Y region and the Z region are not necessarily set at the end of the inner surface (arc surface). Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the some ultrasonic transducer | vibrator was provided on the circular arc surface concentric with a round bar steel, the circular arc surface does not necessarily need to be concentric. Furthermore, the ultrasonic beam need not be focused at the center of the circular cross section of the round steel bar.

1…丸棒鋼、11…内部傷、12…表面傷、2…フェーズドアレイプローブ、3…超音波振動子、B…超音波ビーム、R11,R12…反射波、S…表面波。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Round bar steel, 11 ... Internal flaw, 12 ... Surface flaw, 2 ... Phased array probe, 3 ... Ultrasonic transducer, B ... Ultrasonic beam, R11, R12 ... Reflected wave, S ... Surface wave.

Claims (2)

水中に配設された中実丸棒鋼の外周に対向して、超音波エコーを受発振可能な複数の超音波振動子を周方向へ円弧面をなすように配列し、これら超音波振動子の一部より前記丸棒鋼に向けて超音波ビームを発振させて、前記一部の超音波振動子で受振される、前記丸棒鋼の内部からの反射波より前記丸棒鋼の内部傷の有無を検出するとともに、前記一部の超音波振動子を除いた他の一部の超音波振動子で受振される、前記丸棒鋼に生じた表面波の反射波より前記丸棒鋼の表面傷の有無を検出することを特徴とする超音波探傷方法。 A plurality of ultrasonic transducers capable of receiving and oscillating ultrasonic echoes are arranged so as to form an arc surface in the circumferential direction facing the outer periphery of a solid round steel bar disposed in water. An ultrasonic beam is oscillated from a part toward the round bar steel, and the presence or absence of internal flaws in the round bar steel is detected from the reflected wave from the inside of the round bar steel received by the part of the ultrasonic vibrator. At the same time, the presence or absence of surface flaws in the round bar steel is detected from the reflected waves of the surface waves generated in the round bar steel that are received by some other ultrasonic vibrators excluding the some ultrasonic vibrators. An ultrasonic flaw detection method characterized by: 前記一部の超音波振動子として選択される領域を円弧面の一端部から他端部へ漸次移動させつつ超音波ビームを発振させるようにした請求項1に記載の超音波探傷方法。 The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 1, wherein an ultrasonic beam is oscillated while the region selected as the part of the ultrasonic transducer is gradually moved from one end to the other end of the circular arc surface.
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JP2014131364A (en) * 2008-04-25 2014-07-10 Interdigital Patent Holdings Inc Method and apparatus for simultaneously receiving on two carriers and performing dtx and drx in dc-hsdpa
CN105203635A (en) * 2015-10-29 2015-12-30 西安热工研究院有限公司 Surface wave detection method for longitudinal defect on outer surface of small-diameter tube
JP2019174239A (en) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-10 日本製鉄株式会社 Ultrasonic flaw detection method

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JP2001228126A (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Ultrasonic flaw detector

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JPS59126952A (en) * 1983-01-11 1984-07-21 Kobe Steel Ltd Ultrasonic flaw detection of round bar
JP2001228126A (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Ultrasonic flaw detector

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014131364A (en) * 2008-04-25 2014-07-10 Interdigital Patent Holdings Inc Method and apparatus for simultaneously receiving on two carriers and performing dtx and drx in dc-hsdpa
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CN105203635A (en) * 2015-10-29 2015-12-30 西安热工研究院有限公司 Surface wave detection method for longitudinal defect on outer surface of small-diameter tube
JP2019174239A (en) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-10 日本製鉄株式会社 Ultrasonic flaw detection method
JP7006444B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2022-01-24 日本製鉄株式会社 Ultrasonic flaw detection method

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