JP2013117016A - Lubricant composition of gliding-moving tool on snow ice and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means that solves the following problems: although a gliding-moving tool on snow ice and lubricant articles of a ski wax or the like used for the same have been provided which have only a limited condition action made experientially while the lubrication theory is indefinite for years, and as an additive of the lubricant articles, a fluororesin has been used for 20 years or more, it remains in the environment, so the effort to abolish it internationally as a harmful chemical to the health of a human and the ecosystem has been performed, and further it is not possible to cope with yellow sand in spring, which results in remarkable gliding inhibition and shortening of the substantial business period of a related business.SOLUTION: This invention relates to a lubricant composition used for a gliding-moving tool on snow ice, wherein the lubricant composition is used for the surface contacting with snow ice, the surface being provided in a gliding-moving tool to be used on snow ice, and includes: an additive consisting of a nanodiamond particle; a substrate of the lubricant composition that contains the additive; and a dispersion medium to disperse the additive into the substrate.

Description

The present invention belongs to "sports engineering" as a technical field, and a lubricant composition that reduces the frictional force of a sliding movement tool used mainly on snow and ice such as skiing, snowboarding, skating, etc., and enables smooth sliding movement. The present invention relates to a product and a manufacturing method thereof.

Skiing / snowboarding / skating and other snow-and-skiing equipment still occupies the center of leisure activities in winter, but its roots are that skiing is one of the means of transportation for hunting, and skating is mainly used. The river was a means of transportation during icing. These classic snow and ice movement technologies, which are no longer used due to technological advances in transportation and transportation in winter, will eventually become a form of winter sports and will be recognized around the world as the central event of the Winter Olympics.

The roots in Japan were developed as a winter popular sport, with skiing being taught by an Austrian military officer who came to Japan 100 years ago and skating by a foreign teacher around 20 years ago. In 1993, the peak time for skiing, the number of people who participated in leisure activities in Japan reached 18.6 million. After that, the population declined in 2009, but the number of people who participated in snowboarding was 4.2 million. Including 11.4 million people, including the skate participation population of 2.8 million, it reaches 14.2 million.

The ranking as the potential demand scale of leisure activities occupies the seventh place in skiing alone, and it is also ranked third when including snowboarding, and it can be said that it still has a high potential demand. Naturally, to meet this great demand, related equipment such as skis, snowboard boards, skate shoes and other direct equipment for sliding on snow and ice, and ski wax to assist the equipment have developed and related. It continues to improve while incorporating the latest results of industrial technology. The scale of these equipment market reaches 157 billion yen (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).

Looking at the snow and ice sliding equipment historically, since ancient skiing is an integrated type processed wood, the bottom surface absorbs water and deteriorates when sliding on snow and ice, so there is a material specialized for snow and ice sliding on the bottom surface. Attempts were made to bond them together, and a material using a thin plate of synthetic resin such as phenolic resin appeared. This is thought to be the beginning of the current sliding surface material. In addition, it was attempted to improve the waterproofness by applying biological wax on the bottom surface, and eventually it became possible to reduce friction and friction by applying paint such as lacquer, which is the beginning of ski wax it is conceivable that.

Eventually, with the development of synthetic resin technology, a sliding surface material made of polyethylene was created around 60 years ago. Polyethylene sliding surface materials have many advantages such as wear resistance, low friction, and long life compared to plastic sliding surfaces that have been tried so far, and they are considered to be optimal as sliding surface materials and are still used worldwide. Although it is waterproof, its water repellency was not so high. In addition, when sliding on a hard snow ice surface at high speed, the surface is scraped and worn to reduce the smoothness, and the frictional resistance also increases.

At this time, with the development of the petroleum industry, homogeneous artificial paraffins were produced at a low cost in large quantities. Among them, paraffin wax is chemically equivalent to polyethylene, so it has affinity and adhesion to polyethylene sliding surfaces. It is a worldwide application centered on Europe to improve the water repellency and restore smoothness by applying a sliding aid made of low molecular weight soft petroleum-based paraffin wax to the sliding surface as “ski wax”. It spread to. At the same time, waxes other than artificial paraffin will disappear.

Paraffin wax is a chemical name for saturated chain hydrocarbons, and wax originally means natural wax such as beeswax. Wax was used, but now the mass-produced petroleum-derived solid paraffin has been exclusively used, and the wax has become a broad sense of organic compounds that become solid at room temperature and become liquid when heated. It can be said that this solid paraffin has become a proper noun.

Even today, ski wax mainly uses sliding aids based on this paraffin wax, but olefinic hydrocarbons, which are chemically different unsaturated hydrocarbons, and silicone waxes, which are inorganic polymers, are also available. The lubricant composition used and assisting ski skiing is generally called ski wax regardless of the base material.

Next, regarding a sliding tool used on ice such as skates, the sliding property on ice greatly depends on the smooth state of the edge portion on the bottom surface of the blade. However, metal blades are prone to rust. In addition, the bottom surface of the blade is easily worn by this frictional force because it slides on a hard ice surface in a state where the overall weight of the glider is concentrated on the blade. Since these rusts and wear affect the sliding performance of the skate, oil is applied to the blades after removing the water and anticipating a rust-preventing effect, and when the blades are worn, they are lost by polishing. The smoothness is restored.

  Here, names of articles and tools in the present invention are defined. In the present invention, the “snow and ice sliding movement tool” means a skiing and snowboarding mainly used for snowboarding, and a skateboarding mainly used for ice sliding and the like. It is a general term.

As described above, skis have a special “sliding surface” on the bottom of the device that comes into contact with the snow surface during the development of the equipment technology, and then the skis on both ends of the sliding surface. Now comes with a metal "edge". On the other hand, with respect to skating, there is a record of the bone edge to be attached to the bottom of the shoe since the classic tool era. Hereinafter, it will be referred to as a “blade” centering on the bottom surface portion that rubs against.

  Next, the “lubricant composition” referred to in the present invention is mainly intended for the ski wax, which is the above-mentioned sliding aid applied to the sliding surface of the snow and ice sliding movement tool. It is a general term for equipment and skiing materials that can reduce friction and improve sliding movement characteristics when used on a surface that comes in contact with snow and ice.

It should be noted that snowboarding has a short history of equipment, and basically ski equipment and equipment technology is used, so it is considered to be included in the above equipment designations for skiing and equipment such as ski wax.

In the past, there was an era when the surface of the ski that comes in contact with the snow surface, which is used mainly for skiing such as skis, was called the “ski bottom”. However, in recent years, carving skis have become the mainstream. Gliding performance during the turning movement (turn) has become important. Since the ski during rotation is banked against the snow and ice surface, the surface in contact with the snow and ice surface moves from the bottom surface of the tool to the side surface. Therefore, in order to reduce the friction on the side surface, the side member is made of friction made of sole material. A material using a reducing material has been proposed.

Also, in “Backcountry” which is one of the recent skiing preferences, skiing and moving off-piste, which is not equipped with pisten like a ski resort, this snow ice surface is low in density and the snow skiing equipment is the weight of the rider. It will be easy to dive into the snow. In other words, in the backcountry, the surfaces that come into contact with the snow and ice surface are the bottom surface and both side surfaces of the sliding movement tool, so it is important to reduce friction on all three surfaces.

In consideration of the above tool evolution, the object of the present invention is to be applied regardless of the part and material as long as the frictional force is generated by contact with the snow and ice surface of the snow and ice sliding tool. Watch.

If we look at the sliding equipment on snow and ice in terms of lubrication theory, the reason why the frictional force between the two solids of the ski / snowboard sliding surface, skate blades, etc. and the snow / ice surface is reduced and the lubricity is improved is still present. Although it has not yet been clarified in detail, the following theories have been considered promising since the past.

First of all, it is divided into a solid lubrication theory and a fluid lubrication theory, and the former solid lubrication theory slips because the friction coefficient of the two solids is small, but in this theory the reason why the sliding performance changes depending on the temperature and humidity However, there was a contradiction that could not be explained, and after that, the fluid lubrication theory that the fluid generated between the two individuals, that is, water, would slide because of the action became dominant.

The following three theories have been proposed for the generation of water that is the basis of the fluid lubrication theory: 1. Pressure melting explanation 2. Friction heat melting explanation 3. Pseudo liquid theory. However, the explanation of pressure fusion is 160 years ago and contains many contradictions. 2. The explanation of friction heat fusion is based on the experiment of F. Bowden et al. Considering the propagation speed of this, a great question remains about the time of frictional heat melting during high-speed sliding, so these classic models are now considered to be lubrication theories under limited conditions. However, it is also strongly supported in the world of ski wax.

3. The root of the pseudo liquid theory dates back 160 years. However, the theory that “there is a fine water film on the surface of ice” was not accepted at that time, and for the last 100 years, it was hidden in the shadow of the explanation of frictional heat fusion. However, an experiment by the late Professor Ukichiro Nakatani of the Institute of Low Temperature Science of Hokkaido University 60 years ago showed that a liquid layer really exists on the ice surface. Eventually, when surface analysis at the molecular level becomes possible, the trend of the pseudo liquid layer depending on the temperature on the ice surface will be observed in detail, and this pseudo liquid layer will reduce friction on snow and ice to reduce lubricant. It was confirmed that he played the role of Currently, 160 years after its proposal, research on various phenomena involving this pseudo liquid layer is underway.

This pseudo-liquid layer is said to exist even at temperatures as low as 100 ° C below freezing point. With this, it is possible to explain the fact that dog sledding can move at low speeds even in extremely cold regions at 30 ° C below freezing point such as the Arctic Circle, which was difficult to explain in the explanation of frictional heat fusion. However, it is well known that the water on the surface of snow and ice, which is the basis of these fluid lubrication theories, becomes resistance to sliding movement on snow and ice due to its tension.

It can be said that this is the reason for the existence of a complex and strange variety of ski wax products currently on the market. Users of ski wax products are required to use things that can only act in a complex and limited manner, depending on various conditions such as the weather, humidity, snow and ice conditions, and the speed and durability required. Furthermore, when there is a large amount of melted water on the snow and ice surface in the spring, etc., it is also required to carve a drainage groove called a structure on the sliding surface so as not to be affected by the tension of the water. In other words, even today, a universal means for reducing friction on snow and ice has not been realized, and there have been no tools and supplies for sliding on snow and ice that can respond to the changing weather conditions of snowy mountains.

As described above, the popularity of skiing in Japan peaked around 1991-1993, but at that time, a technique for dramatically improving the sliding performance by dispersing fluororesin in ski wax was established. This is because the molecular surface of the fluororesin is covered with fluorine groups that have no affinity for water, and the microscopic interaction between the ski sliding surface and the snow / ice surface is hindered to achieve complete water repellency. Is interpreted.

The surface of the hydrocarbon molecule that is a component of paraffin wax is covered with hydrogen bonded to carbon, but the hydrogen nucleus at the end of the CH bond is not sufficiently shielded by electrons, and as a result, the CH bond is weak. However, it has polarity and weak interaction with water and snow and ice. This tendency is obvious from the fact that hydrocarbons have a finite contact angle with water (105 °, the contact angle of fluororesin is 110 °). It is also a cause of consumption disappearing by high-speed gliding on snow and ice.

In addition to the fluororesin, many additives for ski wax have been tried. The main examples taken up to now are as follows. A: Fluororesin, PTFE, etc. (for example, Patent Document 1) B: Layered structure, MoS ₂ , BN, etc. (for example, Patent Document 2) C: Soft metal, Ga, In, etc. (for example, Patent Document 3) .) D: Titanium oxide, TiO _{2 and the} like (for example, Patent Document 4) E: Spherical microsilica particles (for example, Patent Document 5) F: Fullerene, C ₆₀
(For example, patent document 6).

However, until now, no additive has been put to practical use that has an effect and market penetration that surpasses fluororesin. For this reason, fluororesin is in the position as a basic additive in current ski wax, and even when other additives such as layered structures and fullerenes are used, fluororesin must be added together with these. Has been.

Patent applications 2005-302271, 2005-235443 Patent application 2005-362583, 2008-117838 Patent applications 2001-3459, 2004-21988, 2001-381056 Patent application 2009-119236 Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-187677 Japanese Patent Application 2003-370016 US patent USP7,300,958

Japan Productivity Division, “Leisure White Paper 2010”, 165 pages, 2010.7. Productivity publishers [Ministry of the Environment, Press Release] Internet <URL: http://www.env.go.jp/press/press.php?serial=11117> [METI / Chemical Substance Management Policy] Internet <URL: http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/chemical_management/law/prtr/2.html> “Structure and properties of single-digit nanodiamond particles”, Eiji Osawa, Surface Science, 2009, 30, 258-266 “Chemistryof Single-Nano Diamond Particles,” Oosawa, E., in Wudl, F .; Nagase, S .; Akasaka, K. (Ed.), 'Chemistry of Nanocarbons,' Chapt. 17, pp. 413-432, John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, 2010. “Consequencesof strong and diverse electrostatic potential field on the surface of detonation nanodiamond particles,” Oosawa, E .; Ho, D.; Huang, H .; Korobov, MV; Rozhkova, NN Diam. Rel. Mater. 2009, 18, 904- 909. “Cytotoxicityand genotoxity of carbon nanomaterials”, Schrand, AM; Johnson, J .; Dai, L .; Hussain, SM; Schlager, JJ; Zhu, L .; Hong, Y .; Oosawa, E. in Safety of Nanoparticles: From Manufacturing to Medical Applications, Webster, TJ (Ed.), Springer Science + Business Media, New York, 2008, Chapter8, p. 159-188. Bowden, F. P .; Tabor, D. The friction and lubricating of solids. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 366. First edition published in 1950 “Numbereffects in nanoparticles,” Liu, WK et al., In Ho, D. (Ed.) 'Nanodiamonds: Applications in Biology and Nanoscale Medicine,' Chapter 12, pp. 253-255, SpringerScience + Business Media, Inc., Norwell , MA., 2010 Internet <URL: http://www.exxonmobilchemical.com/Chem-English/brands/spectrasyn/> Internet <URL: http://www.kashiwax.com/kwx4/index.htm>

The ski wax additive is scraped onto the snow and ice surface together with the ski wax substrate by friction with the snow and ice surface when sliding on snow and ice, and then remains in the snow for a while and then dissolves and diffuses in rivers and groundwater as the snow melts in early spring. Will do. This naturally causes water pollution, so it is natural to avoid using chemical substances that are harmful to the environment and the living body for ski wax additives.

However, in recent years, it has been found that the synthetic raw material perfluorooctanoic acid remains in the fluororesin. Perfluorooctanoic acid was decided to be added to the Annex of the Convention at the 4th Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, and after that, efforts to eliminate and limit international cooperation were made. It was decided to do. In Japan as well, perfluorooctanoic acid is a chemical substance that may be harmful to human health and ecosystems in accordance with the Act on the Promotion of Management of Specific Chemical Substance Emissions Management. PRTR system first-class designated chemical substances to be reported and managed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 3).

Under such circumstances, it should be avoided to continue to use the fluororesin that has been used in the largest amount as a ski wax additive. Here, the search for an alternative additive that exhibits an excellent sliding effect in place of the fluororesin and has no risk to the environment or the living body has emerged as an urgent issue.

  However, in the ski wax products in the goods market, the content of fluororesin is now HF (high fluorine = meaning that high concentration of fluororesin), LF (low fluorine = meaning that low concentration is added) and NF (non-fluorine = same value) Since it is even a standard that represents the commercial value of ski wax, such as 100% hydrocarbon, the product that does not contain fluororesin is positioned as a low-cost, low-performance product called "NF". There is. In fact, the “NF” product did not replace the “NF” product in terms of sliding performance.

For this reason, in the current goods market, commercial reasons are given priority over environmental issues and biohazards. Anyway, for ski wax, fluorinated resin is added and the message “This product slips well because it contains fluorine” is displayed. The act of advertising to buyers is usually done. In particular, in alpine competitions such as skiing and snowboarding, the use of “HF” products and fluororesin itself is a common item for victory, which is a typical “necessary evil”.

Ski wax is effective when applied to snow and ice contact surfaces such as the sliding surface of snow and ice sliding movement tools, but in order to maintain the effect, appropriate ski wax application work is required repeatedly according to the frequency of use of the tools, This is generally called waxing or waxing. Among them, the method called hot wax has a high sliding maintenance effect, but requires appropriate skill, time, and procurement of waxing supplies, and is generally avoided because of the need to clean a large amount of wax residue after waxing. .

Therefore, attempts have been made to mix additives in the sliding surface material in the same manner as the ski wax in order to obtain sufficient sliding properties without the wax being removed. The main examples taken up to date include the above-mentioned C: soft metal, Ga, In, etc., D: titanium oxide, TiO2, etc., E:
Spherical microsilica particles, F: fullerene, C60. However, as these sliding surface additives, only graphite, which is a low-priced layered structure, currently penetrates the market, and there are no other successful attempts from the viewpoint of market penetration. .

When you look at the commercially available C-compounding sliding surface material, you can see that Ga (gallium) particles are unevenly distributed and scattered three-dimensionally in the rigid polyethylene sheet. is there. In this case, only a part of the additive exposed on the surface layer can actually come into contact with the snow and ice surface, and a sufficient lubrication effect to replace waxing cannot be expected. Further, many of the blended additives remain buried under the surface layer of the sheet and are not used until the end of the tool life, so that there is a lot of waste in terms of production efficiency and cost.

The only reason why graphite penetrates the market is that ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), the main raw material for sliding surfaces, is a thermoplastic resin, but its kinematic viscosity at the time of melting is extremely high. This is because it is difficult to uniformly disperse the additive in any of the production methods of the high-pressure and high-pressure high-temperature molding methods, so if graphite is used, the raw material cost is low, so this problem can be solved by mixing in large quantities. .

However, since the lubricant effect of graphite is low, a sliding surface that does not require waxing and that provides sufficient sliding performance has not been realized. Furthermore, this graphite mixed surface material is completely black due to its large amount of graphite, and its industrial value is low especially for snowboards where the design of the surface side design is important in the equipment market.

There is one unique problem in the ski and snowboard situation in Japan. A large amount of yellow sand begins to fall every spring. This yellow sand is the dust that is rolled up in the atmosphere by sandstorms from the Gobi Desert and the Loess Plateau in Mongolia to Japan, and it is said that various particles are adsorbed while floating over the industrial city of China, and naturally these also remain adsorbed Descent onto snow and ice.

In addition, when the yellow sand falls, it is hit by strong winds, so if the surrounding vegetation is a wind-borne flower such as cedar or beech (this is a flower that sows pollen by the wind regardless of birds and bees), these pollen Even sap will be scattered together. In addition, recent studies have revealed that special microorganisms that grow in low-temperature environments called snow-ice microorganisms propagate during the snow melting period, and various organic substances derived from these microorganisms also accumulate on the snow surface. Yes. These composite deposits turn brown on the snow and ice surface (see Fig. 1, A and B).

In these composite deposits, various components such as yellow sand flying by wind as well as microorganisms and organic matter are mixed, but since then, the hardest of them is mainly hard. Hereinafter, this composite deposit will be referred to as “yellow sand”.

  This yellow sand causes a significant anti-sliding action on skis and snowboards and other equipment that slides on snow. In addition, it is said that the anti-sliding action by yellow sand has begun gradually before the full-scale fall of yellow sand occurred. From the viewpoint of leisure activities such as skiers and snowboarders, uncomfortable clogging during the run or sudden The clogging causes the balance to fall and lead to a fall, and so on, it is called “Grab Snow”, “Spring Board Grab”, and eventually “Yokai Board Grab” etc. As a result, the skiing of good quality snow that the leisure activity participants generally prefer is limited to the time before the fall of yellow sand.

From the viewpoint of cableway operators (ski resort operators) and related operators, this project is originally a limited-time project with high seasonality of snowfall. The business period depends on the amount of snowfall at the start of business, but in the spring season, even though there is a sufficient amount of snowfall, this yellow sand causes a negative effect on visitors. As a result, for the cableway business (ski resort management business) and related businesses that are conducted for a limited time, this yellow sand has further shortened the actual business period.

If the yellow sand falls on the snow and ice surface and becomes a snow and ice surface mixed with yellow sand, none of the above four theory of lubrication on snow and ice will be valid. And any known ski wax additive is totally powerless against this yellow sand. This is because lubrication on snow and ice, which is one of the three leading technologies of existing technology, requires water, but this depends on melting snow from the surface of snow and ice, so water is not involved on yellow sand, so fluid lubrication due to the water repellent effect does not occur Because.

In addition, the components in yellow sand contain high hardness particles equivalent to Mohs hardness 6-7 such as quartz and feldspar. From these particles, the ski wax additive is a material with a Mohs hardness of 1-2, which is significantly lower in hardness. Therefore, it is easily worn out. In particular, among the ski wax additives, the above-mentioned B. layered structure (see paragraph 0026), which has lubricity due to wear of the layered structure, is easily worn at high speed on yellow sand and loses lubricity at a short run distance. .

In the prior art, in order to obtain sliding performance on yellow sand, an expensive sulfur-based lubricant such as tungsten disulfide (WS2) is used in the same concept as the above graphite-containing sliding surface material. Only a large amount can be contained in the ski wax base material, and this high-speed wear can only be dealt with by the amount. However, it is difficult to stably disperse and maintain a sulfur-based lubricant with a high specific gravity in the ski wax base material. In fact, it is extremely short-lived and liquid as a ski wax for snowy surfaces contaminated with yellow sand in the goods market. In the case of a base material, there is only a material that requires a troublesome stirring operation every time it is used.

Since these sulfur-based lubricants are black, ski wax containing a large amount of this naturally becomes dark black. For snowboards where design characteristics such as the design of the running surface are regarded as important in the product, the use of the snowboard is more valuable than yellow sand and sludge and is not worth it.

The above-mentioned four issues are summarized in the above-mentioned leisure activities participants of snow and ice sliding equipment and related industries.

The first is an urgent issue based on an international treaty, and there is an urgent need to proceed with the development of alternative technologies. However, as a new additive for lubricant compositions for snow and ice sliding and moving equipment, currently the mainstream fluoropolymers Instead, it is to find a new additive that exhibits a sliding effect on snow and ice that is at least as good as that of fluororesin alone, desirably better than that of fluororesin, and is harmless to the environment and living organisms.

The second issue, which seems to be an important issue unique to Japan, is to eliminate the unpleasant phenomenon that skiers and snowboarders and other leisure activities cannot handle, leading to the extension of the actual operating period for cableway and related operators. This new additive is strongly required to eliminate the “spring grab snow” phenomenon and to continuously exert the sliding movement effect even on snow and ice covered with yellow sand.

The third issue is essentially an inevitable issue as a tool used on snow and ice, but it is necessary to respond to unstable and suddenly changing weather, which is also a feature of snowy mountains, and to follow climate change from winter to spring. In addition, the new additive is not based on a limited-condition lubrication concept that relies on the currently unknown theory for reducing friction on snow and ice, but is based on a new lubrication mechanism based on a new theory for reducing friction on snow and ice. Is also required.

The fourth is the needs of the era for snow and ice sliding tools and lubricant compositions, but the current state of modern ski wax is not necessarily using solid paraffin, and various parts such as edges, blades, and sole materials. In order to meet this need based on the current situation where the frictional force of materials is required to be reduced, especially in snowboards, where the design of the sliding surface is important, this new additive is a lubricant composition in various forms. It is desired to be invisible and transparent (invisible).

The present invention realizes a novel and advanced lubrication theory on snow and ice that is not bound to any of the four theories of lubrication on snow and ice sliding tools that have been discussed over the past 160 years. Provide solutions to four issues.

The inventors have intensively studied, and as a result, nanosized diamond particles (hereinafter, abbreviated as nanodiamond particles) obtained by detonating an oxygen-deficient glaze in an inert medium and artificially synthesizing them. ) On the basis of the following four conditions, the nano-sized "roller" action by water-soluble high-hardness nanoparticles is constantly expressed, and a new lubrication theory on snow and ice that has never existed before has been realized. I came up with the idea that the above problems could be solved.

These four conditions form the core of the technical concept of the present invention, which is a fundamental technical disparity from the conventional technology that can operate only in a complicated and limited manner based on the theory of lubrication on snow and ice. In the following, the “four conditions” for the expression of the nano-sized “roller” action will be individually explained.

The first condition is the “shape condition”. In order for the nanodiamond particles to exhibit nano-sized roller action, the most important requirement is that the particles be spherical and pseudospherical so that the particles can easily roll.

The next condition is the “number condition”. There is a micro-level real contact surface between the snow ice surface and the snow ice sliding tool based on Coulomb's friction law, which is a small number, but the occurrence time and location are unpredictable. In order for nanoscale “rollers” to be sufficiently supplied to this unpredictable true contact surface at all times, a very large number of nanodiamond particles are not present in the base material of the lubricant composition. Must not.

The third condition is the “ubiquitous condition”. In order for nanoscale “rollers” to always be adequately supplied to the unpredictable true contact surface described above, the nanodiamond particles are incorporated into the substrate of the various forms of lubricant composition. The particles must be uniformly dispersed and ubiquitous, and the dispersion state must be stably maintained.

   The last condition is a “safety condition”. Taking into account that snow and ice gliding devices are mainly used in snowy mountains and the lubricant composition is released into the natural environment, the nanodiamond particles do not cause environmental pollution, and skiers, snowboarders, In order to touch the skater's body, it must be a safe substance without any biotoxicity.

In order to satisfy these “four conditions”, it is necessary to use “twelve specific means” described below. This specific means corresponds to the problem solving means of the present invention.

That is, the first means is a lubricant composition used for a surface in contact with snow and ice provided in a sliding movement tool used on snow and ice according to claim 1, wherein the additive comprises nano-diamond particles, and the addition A lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice, comprising a base material of a lubricant composition for containing an agent and a dispersion medium for dispersing the additive in the base material. .

The second means corresponds to the primary single crystal of nanosized diamond according to claim 2, wherein the additive is artificially synthesized by detonating an oxygen-deficient glaze in an inert medium. 2. The lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant composition is a particle.

A third means is the lubricant composition according to claim 3, wherein the base material is a paraffinic hydrocarbon, and used for the sliding tool on snow and ice according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

A fourth means is the lubricant composition according to claim 4, wherein the base material is a hydrocarbon-based synthetic wax, and used for the snow and ice sliding and moving device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

The fifth means is the lubricant composition according to claim 5, wherein the base material is a wax produced by the Fischer-Tropsch method.

A sixth means is a lubricant composition according to claim 6, wherein the base material is an olefinic hydrocarbon. The lubricant composition is used for a sliding tool on snow and ice according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

A seventh means is the lubricant composition for use in the sliding tool for snow and ice according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the base material is a polymer having a siloxane bond skeleton.

The eighth means is the dispersion medium a comprising a colloidal solution in which an additive is dispersed in a nonpolar solvent or the dispersion medium b comprising a colloidal solution dispersed in a polar solvent according to claim 8. Next, either the direct type in which the dispersion medium a is directly stirred and dropped into the base material and dispersed, or the indirect type in which the dispersion medium b is indirectly dispersed in the base material via an intermediate substance is used. It is a manufacturing method of the lubricant composition used for the sliding tool on snow and ice as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 7 characterized by the above-mentioned.

The ninth means is the lubricant used in the sliding tool for snow and ice according to claim 8, wherein the dispersion medium a is a colloidal solution dispersed in a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil as a nonpolar solvent. It is a manufacturing method of a composition.

The tenth means is the production of the lubricant composition for use in the sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 8, wherein the dispersion medium b is a colloidal solution dispersed in a lower alcohol as a polar solvent. Is the method.

The eleventh means is a method for producing a lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 8, wherein the dispersion medium b is a colloidal solution dispersed in water as a polar solvent. It is.

A twelfth means is a lubricant composition used for a snow and ice sliding movement tool produced by the method according to any one of claims 8 to 11 according to claim 12.

Hereinafter, the characteristics of the configuration will be described for each claim. First, the basic composition of the lubricant composition according to claims 1 and 2 and the additive composed of nanodiamond particles as the center thereof are the most important features in the present invention, and as means for solving the problems of the present invention. , Among the four conditions of the above-mentioned nano-sized "roller" action necessary to make nanodiamond particles function as "rollers" of water-soluble high-hardness nanoparticles and to develop a new snow-running effect on snow. This is the only method that can satisfy the two conditions of shape and number.

The inventor has succeeded in taking out the primary single crystal in a dispersed particle state because the substance of artificial nanodiamond called detonation nanodiamond is a polycrystalline aggregate. (For example, refer to Patent Document 7).

The new nanodiamond primary single crystal particles have an average particle size of dynamic light scattering (Dynamic
The volume average particle diameter measured by light scattering (DLS method) (hereinafter abbreviated as the average particle diameter) is 3.7 ± 0.6 nm, and the shape is a pseudo-spherical shape close to a sphere.

Note that the average particle size above is obtained by varying the sample concentration over an average of about 500 consecutive measurements, since the DLS method is indirect method measurement and poor reproducibility. The concentration range to be surely found was found, and the median of the average values within the concentration range was obtained. The value of ± 0.6 nm is an indirect value corresponding to the standard deviation.

Subsequent studies have revealed that the interior of the new nanodiamond particles forms a core-shell dual structure. The core is a cubic diamond single crystal, while the shell is a nano graphene layer formed by spontaneous phase transition of surface atoms of highly active nano diamond. This rare core-shell double structure has a great influence on the electronic and geometrical structure of the entire particle, but here only the influence on the “roller” action is noted (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 4).

The core of this new nanodiamond particle is Mohs hardness 10 and Young's modulus 1050 GPa, which is the hardest and most resistant diamond single crystal on earth. It is hard and does not wear even with yellow sand. This unique property makes it an ideal material for rolling under high pressure at the micro level true contact surface as a nano-sized “roller”. On the other hand, the shell is a thin graphite layer, but it is much more flexible than the core part, so it easily slips between layers, and it becomes a good buffer zone between the core part and the sliding and ice / snow surfaces. It was considered to induce rolling of the “roller” action (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 5).

It was also found that the new nanodiamond particles have extremely rare characteristics in water when dispersed. It dissolves very well in water, giving a very stable colloidal solution up to a concentration of about 8%. This colloidal solution exhibits a high zeta potential of about +50 mV. The reason for the high zeta potential is not fully understood yet, but because of the difference in the sign and size of the electronegativity of the core and shell described above, large spontaneous polarization occurs between the core and shell. Is considered to be a factor. The shell surface having a negative electrostatic charge causes hydrogen bonding interaction with water molecules to form a hydrated layer having a thickness of about 1 nm. Interestingly, this nano-level surface hydrated layer does not freeze even at zero degrees below freezing (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 6).

Therefore, when this new nanodiamond particle, which has a soft shell / hard core dual structure and is expected to have a rolling effect due to a slight stress due to its pseudospherical shape, is dispersed in advance in a hydrophobic ski wax substrate, As the wax substrate, which is much softer due to friction with the snow and ice surface, is peeled off, the nano-diamond primary single crystal particles are spilled directly under the sliding tool on the snow and ice and dissolved in the melt layer on the snow and ice surface. The nano-sized "roller" particles, and it was thought that the rolling action reduces friction and develops a new snow lubrication effect.

In addition, it has been proved that the nanodiamond particles used here have no chemical reactivity and do not show any toxicity to various living cells (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 7).

Next, the basic composition of the lubricant composition according to the present invention according to claims 1 and 2 and how the additive composed of the new nanodiamond particles, which is the center of the composition, is confined to the conventional theory of on-snow lubrication. We will explain in detail how the new lubrication effect on snow is produced in comparison with the conventional technology.

First, in the prior art, the reason why skis, snowboards, skates, etc. can slide on snow and ice is that, from the past, melted water from the snow and ice surface due to frictional heat in a small area (interface) between the bottom surface of the sliding tool and the snow and ice surface Due to the action of this water, the idea that it is possible to make a sliding movement from the boundary friction, which is in a direct contact state with high frictional resistance, to the fluid friction state with low frictional resistance, has been widely supported. For this reason, in the prior art, the ski wax material does not have water solubility, and the search has been made with a focus on substances that increase the water repellency effect. Yes (see FIG. 2, A).

However, this is an interpretation only by macro observation, and when viewed at the micro level, it can be said that the interface between the bottom surface of the sliding tool and the snow / ice surface is always in contact. This is the micro level true contact surface generated at the interface between two materials that rub based on Coulomb's law of friction. In this 1950s, F. Bowden's experiment revealed that in this 1950s, the true contact surface actually produced a contact between two substances and applied a large force to the tip of the contact to create a deformed, fused, and bonded state. . This bonded state is destroyed and eliminated by the movement of the two interfaces, but the force applied to the bond breaking of the true contact surface at this time is equal to the friction force generated at the two interfaces.

In actual sliding on snow and ice, the rider cannot directly observe this true contact surface, but if there are sliding obstructions such as yellow sand on the snow and ice surface during the sliding, it will be experienced as clogging or board grabbing etc. Can do. At this time, the molten water existing on the micro level true contact surface is easily broken by high pressure due to deformation, welding, and bonding of the true contact surface and easily drained from this region.

Although these are micro level observations, the present invention further considers the phenomenon that occurs at the interface between two substances in snow / ice sliding even at 1/1000 size nano level, and the new nano diamond particles according to claim 1 and 2 The idea of renewing this frictional force generation mechanism has been reached.

The nano-diamond particles of the present invention, which is an ideal material as a nano-sized "roller" particle, is because this micro-level true contact surface is rather a huge space when viewed from nanoparticles with an average particle size of an order of magnitude. It focuses on the fact that countless numbers can exist in that area.

In other words, by utilizing the water-solubility of the nanodiamond particles in an infinite number of melts in the real contact area at the interface between the snow-ice gliding tool and the snow-ice surface, even if slippage of yellow sand or the like is inhibited on the snow-ice surface. Even if there is a material, it is a new mechanism to suppress the generation of frictional force on snow and ice that can be suppressed by the action of many nano-sized “rollers” at the interface state before the frictional force is generated. Yes (see FIG. 2, B).

However, in order to develop a new theory of on-snow / ice lubrication by this mechanism for suppressing the generation of frictional force on snow / ice, as a precondition, a large number of nano-sized “rollers” must always be sufficiently supplied to the sliding surface and the true contact surface. Don't be. The time and place where this true contact surface occurs is unpredictable, so in the end, it has a very large number of nano-sized "rollers" in the base material of the lubricating composition of the sliding tool on snow and ice. There must be particles. This is the reason why the number condition is necessary for the nano-sized “roller” action.

Here, since the nanodiamond particles used in the present invention have an average particle diameter of 3.7 ± 0.6 nm, the unique characteristics of single-digit nanoparticles, including a huge number of particles even with a minute weight, are alive. When the particle number density per unit weight is determined from the spherical particle diameter and specific gravity measurement value (2.99 g / cm 3), it is 12,600,000,000,000,000,000 particles / g, that is, 1.26 × 10 19 power / g. The number density of 10 is the trillion and the power of 10 is the unit of Kyo, so this number density is an astronomical value of the order of 1000 Kyo, and the detonation nanodiamond primary single crystal particles used in the present invention are It was predicted that the number condition of

Needless to say, in the prior art, the various physical properties of the diamond as described above and the unique features of the nano-sized primary single crystal particles, dual structure action, water solubility, antifreeze characteristics, and astronomy Focusing on the number effect of numerical figures, and using them effectively, we realized a new lubrication theory on snow and ice that suppresses the generation of frictional force itself on snow and ice, even if there is yellow sand on snow and ice. There is no technical concept comparable to the present invention that enables sliding movement.

The results of verifying the above are shown below. As described in the Examples, the concentration of nanodiamond particles dispersed in the base material of a lubricating composition such as ski wax used for snow and ice sliding tools shows high sliding movement performance even at an ultra-dilute concentration of 0.001 w / v%. Thus, it was estimated by simple calculation how many nanodiamond particles can be expected to exist at the initial true contact surface even at ultra-dilute concentration.

Here, a general ski is used as a model, and the upper and lower curved portions are excluded from the dimensions, and the width is 100 mm, the length is 1500 mm, and the apparent sliding surface area is 1.5 × 105 mm 2. In another experiment, there was a result of calculating the total area of the initial true contact point using two soft iron plates. According to this result, the initial true contact area is 0.001% of the apparent contact area (for example, non-patent literature) 8).

If this ratio is used as it is, the initial real contact area with the snow surface is 1.5 mm2 (= 1.5 × 10 12 nm2) per ski run. When the wax constituting the true contact surface is scraped by 4 nm, all the nanodiamond particles in the wax move to the nanoaqueous phase. In other words, the number of nanodiamond particles contained in a wax having a cylindrical area (volume 6 × 10 12 nm3) having a bottom area of 1.5 × 1012 to the 12th power nm2 and a height of 4 nm is obtained. The answer is 1.51 × 10 5, or 151,000.

So far, it is a story of the micro world, but in the nano world, it is thought that nano diamond particles begin to act as "rollers" when the true contact area (cylinder bottom area) is several orders of magnitude lower than the above values. . On the other hand, since the snow and ice surface deforms at a high speed with much smaller stress compared to the soft iron plate, the bottom area of the cylindrical wax that gives to the true contact point as thought above is expected to easily increase to the micron level. Is done. Since these two effects antagonize, each time the ski moves on snow and ice, a large number of nanodiamond particles (about 150,000) as determined above spill out from the ski wax as nanosized “roller” particles. it is conceivable that.

As for the estimation from the above calculation, it is actually the most reliable verification to try to slide on snow and ice with skis etc. using ski wax in which nano diamond particles of extremely small weight are dispersed, This estimation was verified as shown in the examples.

In addition, even if single-digit nanoparticles exist in an extremely minute weight, the property of storing a huge number of particles therein is known as a “number density effect” common to nanoparticles. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 9.).

But here is an important fact. The fact is that many of the commercially available nanodiamonds do not satisfy the shape condition and the number condition in the four conditions of the nanosize “roller” action.

These commercial products are distributed in the market under trade names such as “cluster diamond”, “super-dispersed diamond”, “Ultra-Dispersed Diamonds = UDD”, and “Nagome stone stone”. In many cases, the names of varieties derived from production methods such as “explosive nanodiamonds” and “detonation diamonds” are given.

When the particle size of these products is actually measured, it reaches several hundred nm to several tens of microns. That is, these are irregular polycrystalline aggregates (coagulums) of detonated nanodiamond primary single crystal particles and secondary particles that have not been subjected to a dispersion treatment.

Even if the individual particle shape is a nano-diamond primary single crystal particle that is a sphere or pseudo-sphere, the shape of the agglomerates that are irregularly aggregated in units of tens to hundreds is no longer quasi-spherical. It is an irregular shape that is not even a sphere. Therefore, the most important shape condition is not satisfied among the four conditions of the nano-size “roller” action. And the surface features consisting of its unique dual structure, which is expected to be more effective, cannot be expected at all in the aggregate.

In addition, since the particle distribution of agglomerates is irregularly distributed over a wide range of several hundreds of nanometers to several tens of microns, the “number density effect” that is a unique feature of single-digit nanoparticles is also several hundred to several tens of thousands of minutes. The number will be irregularly reduced to one, and the number of four conditions of nano-sized “roller” action cannot be expected.

In other words, in order to develop a nano-sized “roller” action on commercially available nanodiamonds (aggregates), the irregularly aggregated secondary particles are not peptized until they become primary single crystals. must not.

In order to distinguish the nanodiamond primary single crystal particles of the present invention from the nanodiamond agglomerate secondary particles described above, these nanodiamond agglomerate secondary product groups will be referred to as “CD / UDD” hereinafter. . Further, hereinafter, “nanodiamond particles” basically refers to the nanodiamond primary single crystal particles (dispersion) of the present invention.

At present, the only artificial diamond-adapted products that are distributed in the snow and ice sliding tool supply market are diamond files (files) that polish the edges. Needless to say, there is no concept for solving the problem of friction on snow and ice like the present invention from the micro level to the nano level and using nanotechnology. The contradictory effects of the abrasive and the lubricant are the difference between the present invention and the prior art as it is.

Various base materials according to claims 3 and 7 are also an essential configuration essential in the present invention, and a new additive comprising nanodiamond particles used as a means for solving the problems of the present invention is actually lubricated on snow. Four conditions of nano-size "roller" action necessary to store innumerable amounts of this additive and continue to supply a sufficient number to feed the above-mentioned true contact surfaces that occur unpredictably in running Satisfies the ubiquitous condition.

Paraffinic hydrocarbon is a representative base material that has been adopted worldwide as a ski wax standard base material since the past because of its good affinity with a sliding surface material made of polyethylene (see paragraph 0007). And now, this is exclusively oil-derived solid paraffin, so it can be used in the same way to penetrate into the sliding surface material at low cost using widely known conventional waxing techniques and waxing products. Fixing is possible.

The hydrocarbon-based synthetic wax is an artificially synthesized wax unlike the above-described petroleum-derived solid paraffin. For this reason, since there are no petroleum-derived residual impurities in the components, the use of this substrate has the advantage that the nanodiamond particles are not affected by these impurities even at ultra-dilute concentrations. Among these hydrocarbon-based synthetic waxes, especially Fischer-Tropsch (hereinafter abbreviated as FT) waxes have a low melting point and high fluidity when heated and melted. It is easy to settle.

Polymers with olefinic hydrocarbons and siloxane bond skeletons have different molecular structures from the above-mentioned paraffinic hydrocarbons, so using this substrate does not lose fluidity even at temperatures below freezing that cannot be achieved with paraffinic substrates. It can be changed to various forms and uses such as soft wax having a melting point lower than body temperature, or modification of paraffinic base material, and this makes it possible to expand the application range to various snow and ice skiing equipment.

The production method according to claims 8 to 11 is a production method indispensable for the present invention, and as means for solving the problems of the present invention, an additive composed of nanodiamond particles is added to the above-mentioned nanosize “roller”. It is the only method for dispersing the lubricant composition on the base material while adapting to the shape condition, the number condition, and the ubiquitous condition among the four conditions of action.

The important fact here is that neither the commercially available nanodiamond secondary particles (CD / UDD) nor the nanodiamond primary single crystal particles of the present invention are non-polar materials such as general ski wax-based paraffin wax. Is not dispersible.

In the present invention, nanodiamond particles are first made into a dispersion medium composed of a colloidal solution in which the nanodiamond particles are completely dispersed in a nonpolar or polar solvent, and the above-described various forms are obtained by direct or indirect operation via the colloidal dispersion medium. This makes it possible to disperse the lubricant composition in the base material or the material of various parts.

Next, how the manufacturing method according to claims 8 to 11 is indispensable for the present invention will be described in detail in comparison with the prior art.

Also in the prior art, there is known a technique for reversing the surface potential by adsorbing molecules having large surface activity to polar particles on the surface and dispersing them in a nonpolar medium such as paraffin wax. Various types of surfactants are also commercially available and can be easily applied.

Therefore, the idea of lubrication using nanoparticles is the famous soccer ball type molecule C60 fullerene or fumed.
Many people came up with the discovery of silica, and eagerly applied it in anticipation of nanobearing applications. However, the nanoparticles having a simple uniform structure close to the limit of the nano size are too high in agglomeration property, and the smallest particles are actually higher-order aggregates having nanopores. Therefore, it is difficult to make primary particle dispersion in a solvent using any known dispersant, and C60 fullerene or the like cannot achieve high lubricity as in the present invention.

Commercially available ski wax products include those to which C60 fullerene is added (for example, Patent Document 6). In summary, “Introduction of commercial fullerene C60 (average particle size 30 to 70 μm) into normal paraffin wax in which it is heated and dissolved, and using a thickener and a thickener to stir at high speed within a predetermined viscosity range and mix. Thus, it is possible to uniformly disperse fullerene in paraffin wax by utilizing intermolecular shearing force. "

However, this does not serve as a safe and harmless new additive that can be slid even if there is yellow sand instead of fluororesin, which is an important problem of the present invention. This is because it does not meet the most important shape conditions, the number conditions, and the safety conditions among the above-mentioned four conditions of the nano-sized “rollers” that are important in the technical concept of the present invention.

The reason for nonconformity to the most important shape condition is shown. It is well known that the van der Waals diameter of the C60 molecule is about 1 nm (nanometer), but since it is a commercially available particle with an average particle size of 30 to 70 μm (micrometer), it is just an order of magnitude. It is a different super-high-order aggregate.

Even if the C60 ultra-high-order aggregate is manipulated by the viscosity-adjusted high-speed stirring and mixing as described above, even if some agglomeration is released, the physical agglomeration force due to the mutual attractive force due to the super-large surface area characteristic of the nanoparticles in general, and more particularly 1 nanometer which is the primary particle of C60 due to the remarkable strong van der Waals cohesion force added to simple uniform structure nanocarbon particles like C60
It is impossible to complete the collection up to (nm).

The molecular shape of C60 is the famous soccer ball type pseudosphere, but it is clear that the irregularly aggregated one is not spherical and does not roll. That is, this C60 irregular aggregate is the same kind of particles as the above-mentioned CD / UDD. Therefore, it is incompatible with the number condition for the same reason as CD / UDD.

C60 alone is bioactive and is said to react to bioreceptors. Although acute toxicity has not been reported, there are still many unclear points, such as reports of damage to DNA caused by C60 passing through the cell membrane and reaching in vivo receptors in fish experiments. Therefore, it is also incompatible with safety conditions. In addition, it is thought that the reason why it does not normally act on the in vivo receptor is that it is inactive because it can only exist in the aggregate as described above.

As mentioned above, the reason why the conventional technology did not realize the idea of lubrication by applying nano-bearings using nanoparticles was because the characteristics such as the characteristic cohesiveness of nanoparticles were not correctly understood. This is a problem inherent to nanotechnology. Note that these failure examples in the prior art have common points. That is, processing was attempted with visible fine powdery high-order aggregates.

According to the present invention, with a diamond of 3.7 ± 0.6 nm slightly larger than C60 (1 nm), the nano-sized “roller” effect was obtained for the first time, and a new lubrication theory on snow and ice was realized. In order to disperse the additive to the base material of the lubricant composition with various solubility, understand the characteristics such as strong cohesiveness of such nanoparticles and operate using nanotechnology. Because.

Specifically, a feature common to the production methods according to claims 8 to 11 is that the nanodiamond particles are first stabilized as a colloidal dispersion medium suitable for the polarity of each of the dispersion destination substrates. By passing through the colloidal state, the nanodiamond particles have a characteristic shell layer that interacts with the solvent and loses agglomeration and becomes stable, which is essential in the production method of the present invention.

Further, when the colloidal dispersion medium is dropped and stirred onto the base material, the kinematic viscosities of each other are considered to be substantially the same, and the wax base material is slightly swirled and sucked during stirring in the heated and melted state. In consideration of oxidative damage caused by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere on the surface of the nanodiamond particles, these were operated in an inert gas environment.

By the operation of the present invention, the nanodiamond particles are maintained in a dispersed state in the base material of the lubricant composition. For this reason, when laser light is irradiated on the substrate immediately after dispersion by the operation of the present invention, the Tyndall effect characteristic of colloids occurs (see FIG. 7).

The reason for the Tyndall phenomenon is that the dispersed additive is dispersed without being visible. Apparently, the color of the base material is transparent, so that the design of the sliding surface, which is important for snowboarding, is not impaired. This is also a feature of the present invention that has not been realized in the prior art.

A C60-added ski wax constructed without considering the four conditions of nano-sized "roller" action that is the center of the technical idea of the present invention and manufactured by the prior art, and a ski wax dispersed with nanodiamond particles according to the present invention The difference in the technical idea is obvious when sliding on snow and ice where the yellow sand actually falls.

Commercially available C60-added ski wax is a compound additive containing C60 fullerene blended with “ultra-high fluorine content” and also containing graphite and molybdenum disulfide, but the nanodiamond particles according to the present invention are dispersed. The ski wax produced exhibited a sliding effect comparable to that of an additive consisting of nanodiamond particles alone. This apparent difference in effect is the difference in technical idea between the prior art and the present invention.

The specific operation up to the above will be described in detail in the section “DETAILED DESCRIPTION”.

Based on detonation nanodiamond particles, it has been discussed over the past 160 years by twelve specific means to meet the four conditions of nano-sized “roller” action by water-soluble high-hardness nanoparticles. We have realized a new theory of lubrication on snow and ice that is not bound by any of the four theories of lubrication.

As a result, it was possible to find a new additive which is the first urgent issue of the present invention, which is equivalent to or better than fluororesin, and is harmless to the environment and living body. The second important issue, which was not possible with the prior art, was able to demonstrate an excellent sliding movement effect on snow and ice covered with yellow sand, and was able to eliminate the grazing snow phenomenon in spring. The third challenge, the simple lubrication mechanism of “rolling” action, was able to cope with the unstable and suddenly changing weather characteristic of snowy mountains, which was difficult with conventional technology, and a wide range of climate changes. Fourthly, the present invention can be applied to other forms other than solid or various parts. Further, the invisible particles below the visible light wavelength enable these with a transparent color that does not impair the design property at all.

As shown in the examples, by realizing a new lubrication theory on snow and ice, performance beyond expectations, such as adapting to puddles of snowy valleys, dirt on snow and ice derived from surrounding vegetation, and even special environments such as off-piste sliding showed that. The ability to adapt beyond expectations is more adaptive than the limited and complex effects that rely on water on the snow and ice surface of the prior art, as the nano-sized “roller” action depends only on the rolling of simple spheres. Probably because it was expensive. In other words, it is considered that the physically simple, classical and mechanical “roller” action showed a better lubricating effect than the fluororesin, which is a product of advanced chemistry.

`` Kolo '' lubrication technology itself is an intellectual asset of mankind from the ancient pyramid era 2500 B.C., but it was also effective for sliding on snow and ice such as skiing, snowboarding, skating, The biggest factor is the use of “rollers” made of detonated nanodiamond primary single crystal particles according to the present invention. However, this nanodiamond “Koro” could not be realized without the state-of-the-art nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is not just the use of nanometer-sized materials, but is a technology that creates new functions that have never existed by controlling the structure of nanometer-sized materials. The present invention is the first example in which cutting-edge nanotechnology is introduced into ancient technology and a new lubrication theory for sliding movement on snow and ice is realized.

: Example of distribution map of yellow sand in the atmosphere : Heavy yellow sand bar at Tsukiyama Ski Resort in Yamagata Prefecture ： Illustration of nano-sized roller sliding mechanism between snow surface and sliding surface : Snow condition on the day of Example 12 enforcement ： Snowboard comparison surface after the run (front is the ND dispersion WAXLub according to the present invention, and the back is a commercial ski wax) : Snow condition on the day of Example 13 enforcement ： Snowboard running surface immediately after the run (sludge adhesion on poor snow surface) ： Sludge cleaning on snowboard sliding surface (sludge adhesion can be easily removed) : Test ski construction status (under construction) : Situation after construction (dropping water drops and observing) : Example 14 Snow surface condition on the day of construction (before sliding) : Snow surface condition after about 1 hour (sudden weather change and snowstorm) : List of specifications and effects of lubricant composition used for snow and ice sliding equipment according to the present invention A photograph showing an example of a colloidal wax produced by the production method of the present invention (If laser light is transmitted, A is invisible, C has Tyndall effect, B is a reflection point) : Photo showing an example of maintaining the colloidal state immediately after the wax production (Because the additive is invisible, the wax is transparent) : Photo showing an example of the above wax solidifying in a colloidal state (If laser light is transmitted, A is invisible, C has Tyndall effect, B is reflection point) : Example 23, photomicrograph showing “gripping snow” sample (solid impurities (black organic particles) are conspicuous) : Example 23, photomicrograph showing "gripping snow" sample (many solid impurities (mineral particles)) : Example 23, photomicrograph showing “gripping snow” sample (solid impurities (black organic particles) are conspicuous) : Photomicrograph showing high magnification of FIG. 8C (Example of snow and ice microorganism (Chloromonas nivalis)) : Photomicrograph showing FIG. 8C at high magnification (example of pollen (Pinaceae)) : Example 23, Analysis results of "gripping snow" collected specimen (ion chromatography dissolved chemical component analysis, etc.)

The lubricant composition of the snow and ice sliding / moving device of the present invention will be described in detail below based on the embodiment.

  The composition of the lubricant composition of the present embodiment is composed of an additive composed of nanodiamond particles as water-soluble high-hardness roller action particles, and this additive can be applied to various parts and materials of sliding equipment on snow and ice. A base material of a lubricating composition to be held and a dispersion medium composed of a colloidal solution for dispersing and dispersing the additive composed of nanodiamond particles in the base material. .

The additive must be a particle corresponding to the primary single crystal of diamond artificially synthesized by the detonation method. So-called nanodiamonds (CD / UDD) that are generally commercially available are also artificially synthesized diamonds by the detonation method, but these do not conform to the embodiment of the present invention as they are, so that they are aggregated until they correspond to primary single crystals. It is necessary to crush the state (see paragraph 0099-0104). The completely pulverized primary single crystal particles have an average particle size in the range of 3.7 ± 0.6 nm (see paragraphs 0075-0077).

In addition, although the artificial diamond synthetic | combination material using the high temperature high hydrostatic pressure method which is not based on the detonation method is a micro size diamond, this cannot be crushed into a nano size diamond. Despite the discovery of a synthesis method in 1955, this micro diamond has a fatal defect that it still cannot be processed at all, and even today it is applied to ski equipment such as diamond files that polish the edges you see. It ’s just a “file”. However, this uses only the hardness of the world's highest physical properties that diamond originally has. Needless to say, even if file powder is mixed with the base material, it does not become a lubricant.

In 1963, just a few years after the synthesis of the above-mentioned artificial microdiamond, detonation nanodiamonds were discovered in the former Soviet Union of Ukraine. It was not transmitted to. Today, small-scale industrial production is carried out mainly in the former Soviet Union, such as Russia and Ukraine, and China, but this artificial diamond has a strong agglomeration effect between particles, and means such as high-energy ultrasonic irradiation By continuing the treatment for a long time, it was possible to crush secondary particles with a relatively uniform distribution of about 60 nm, but even the primary particles beyond that could not be crushed.

However, one of the inventors succeeded in destroying this aggregate by a wet milling method using true spherical zirconia microbeads, and after the discovery of the detonation method, nanodiamond primary single crystal formation was achieved in Japan. ing. This is “Nanoamand” manufactured by Nanocarbon Laboratory Co., Ltd., which is sold as a development reagent by New Metals End Chemical Corporation, Brabus Japan Co., Ltd.

Unfortunately, these circumstances have been misunderstood, and we see an example where even the irregularly aggregated secondary particles CD / UDD are distributed as `` 5 nm nanodiamonds ''. Call attention to.

In order for the base material of the lubricating composition to hold the nanodiamond particles on the various parts and materials of the snow and ice sliding movement tool, a plurality of embodiments corresponding to the parts and the materials are required.

For example, if it is a polyethylene sliding surface material for skis, snowboards, etc., solid paraffin, which is widely used today, is advantageous due to its widespread use, but the hot paraffin is also applied by dissolving the solid paraffin overheat with a ski iron. In the case of cold waxing (raw coating), which is directly rubbed as it is, suitable substrates are different. In addition, the edges and skate blades at both ends of the sliding surface are made of metal and solid paraffin is not fixed. Therefore, it is necessary to change the form such as using a liquid with excellent fixing on the metal material. In addition, a material that meets the above-mentioned “safety conditions” should be used for the base material.

As a specific base material of the lubricating composition, firstly, commercially available solid paraffin that is representative of paraffinic hydrocarbons excellent in fixability to a sliding surface material can be used. These products are available from “Nihon Seikisha” and the like in the product name “Paraffin Wax XX”, where the ◯ part is indicated with a melting point (Fahrenheit). The penetration corresponding to this melting point is determined, and the penetration is a hardness standard defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K2235 petroleum wax. There are also harder ones with higher proportions of linear hydrocarbons than normal standard products that have been purified to a high degree of purity, and softer ones that are mainly composed of branched hydrocarbons (isoparaffins). Can be adjusted. Commercially available solid paraffin (paraffin wax product) is excellent in that it can be obtained inexpensively in various substrates.

Since the above-mentioned commercially available solid paraffin is exclusively provided with artificial paraffin purified from petroleum, it contains petroleum-derived impurities and oily residues. These are considered to be about 0.1% by mass, but even if the concentration of dispersed nanodiamond particles in the substrate is 0.001 w / v%, a high sliding movement performance effect is achieved by having a huge number of nanodiamond particles. Mass is significantly inconvenient for properties (number density effect). Therefore, it was possible to solve these problems by using hydrocarbon-based synthetic waxes produced by chemical synthesis starting from hydrocarbon-based compounds such as methane and ethylene.

Hydrocarbon synthetic waxes include low molecular weight polyolefins (such as polyethylene waxes) and FT waxes. The former is commercially available from Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd. under the product name “High Wax”, and the latter from Nihon Seisakusha under the product name “FT ○○” from the initials of Fischer-Tropsch. Is available.

Hydrocarbon synthetic waxes have the above-mentioned advantages, but have the disadvantage of a high melting point. For example, in hot waxing, work at a high ski iron temperature setting is required, so there is a concern about damage to the sliding surface material when a work mistake occurs. In this respect, the FT method is advantageous in that it is more workable because it has a lower melting point and higher fluidity during heating and melting. On the other hand, low molecular weight polyolefin is more advantageous in terms of wear resistance after successful construction. Therefore, an appropriate type may be selected or used in combination depending on the worker's skill in waxing. In order to reduce the difficulty of handling low molecular weight polyolefin, low melting point solid paraffin or the like can be mixed.

  An olefinic hydrocarbon polymer can also be used as the base material of the lubricating composition. Among the various olefinic hydrocarbons, poly α-olefin (PAO) is easy to use because it does not crystallize in the low-temperature range where snow and ice sliding tools are used, and it has alkyl groups as branches in the molecular structure. In addition, it can be mixed with solid paraffin to give flexibility. Utilizing this property, it is highly convenient, for example, hard paraffin that can only be used for hot wax can be applied to cold waxing. Regarding PAO, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. develops and sells various PAO products centered on “Linearlen PAO” in Japan.

So far, the hydrocarbon base material is used, but in addition to this, so-called silicone products such as silicone oil and silicone wax can be used as the base material of the lubricating composition. Silicone products are polymers having a siloxane bond skeleton in the molecular structure, and have various characteristics not found in polymers having a carbon skeleton. In addition, some silicone groups have various organic groups added to change the compatibility. By using them, the above additives are dispersed and soft wax that can be applied at low temperatures and lubrication of colorless and transparent liquid phases. Development into a composition becomes possible. As silicone products, various products are commercially available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Momentive Performance Materials Japan GK, Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd., etc., and these can be used.

An application example in which an additive made of nanodiamond particles is added as a paraffinic hydrocarbon using a commercially available ski wax product as a base material is also conceivable. However, although the main component is the above-mentioned commercially available solid paraffin, since the subcomponents are not indicated, there is a high possibility that this adversely affects the dispersibility of the additive. In addition, since many commercially available ski wax products contain a fluororesin as an additive, the effect is reduced if the water-soluble action of the nanodiamond particles is inhibited. These points should be carefully considered when using commercially available ski wax products as a substrate. In reality, there are few that satisfy this point.

In addition, a form in which detonation nanodiamond primary single crystal particles are added as a base material to a sliding surface material (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE), which is a ski material, is also conceivable. However, since UHMWEPE does not flow at all even when heated to the melting point, it should first be taken into account that all previous examples of attempts to disperse additives in a general mixing operation have failed to achieve their objectives. See paragraph -0038). Further, in order to disperse the additive in the sliding surface material, the amount of the additive used reaches several tens of times that in the form of ski wax, so that corresponding production facilities and costs are required. Therefore, these points should be fully considered in the implementation of this embodiment.

As this mitigation measure, for example, a sliding surface material is usually provided in the form of a sheet with a thickness of 1.2 mm, but a sliding surface material that is thinner than this normal standard is prepared, and on this embodiment, A method such as a two-layered sliding surface material in which a lubricant composition based on a UHMWPE sliding surface material is formed into a thin film and these are welded can be considered.

In order to disperse the additive composed of nanodiamond particles in various base materials as described above and to make them ubiquitous in the base material, a dispersion medium is required. This dispersion medium consists of a colloidal solution. The problem of the present invention is not solved by mixing it with the base material in a fine powder state (high-order agglomerate) that lacks this. Since various materials and forms are required for the base material, it is necessary to use various forms corresponding to the dispersion medium. As a method of using the dispersion medium, an additive is dispersed in the dispersion medium in advance, and the dispersion medium is directly dropped into the base material by stirring and dispersed, or the dispersion medium is indirectly applied to the base material via an intermediate substance. Either the indirect type to be dispersed is used.

Specifically, when the base material is a paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil typified by PAO corresponding to these nonpolar solvents can be used as a colloid medium. Since PAO has an alkyl group in the branched chain due to its molecular structure, it can be widely applied to alkyl-modified silicones and the like, and is advantageous in this wide range of expandability.

Since nanodiamond particles generally exhibit water solubility, they are not dispersed in a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil medium such as PAO as it is. For this reason, surfactant molecules such as nonionic glycerin monooleate and polyoxyethylene stearyl ether phosphate can be used as a dispersant in the medium. Of course, the medium dispersant that can be used to achieve the purpose of the dispersion is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, it was possible to obtain a stable hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil colloid having a concentration of about 0.1 w / v%. However, in the case of a high concentration colloid having a concentration of 1 w / v%, an abnormality was observed in the colloid in about 1.5 months. Therefore, there is a certain upper limit of concentration. To store 0.1 w / v% hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil colloid, it is necessary to store it in a cool and dark place by sealing an inert gas such as argon gas in a sealed container.

Next, when the base material is a silicone product, a polar medium such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol or lower alcohol such as ethanol and methanol can be used. Propylene glycol is advantageous because its saturation solubility in detonation nanodiamond primary single crystal particles is as high as 3%. Therefore, it is possible to develop into various silicone products using a modified silicone as a base material via a polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol as an intermediate substance. Of course, colloidal media and intermediate materials that can be used to achieve the purpose of this development are not limited to these. In this embodiment, since a nanodia hard gel obtained by partially evaporating a colloid solvent instead of a colloid can be obtained, it is advantageous in storage.

  Finally, an embodiment having the highest solvent efficiency will be described as an embodiment of the present invention. It uses a colloid using water, which is a highly polar solvent, as a medium. Nanodiamond particles are water-soluble and have a water solubility of 8% (see paragraph 0080). Therefore, the nanodiamond aqueous colloid is first solid at room temperature or lower, is a low-viscosity liquid near the melting point of the carbon-hydrogen base material, has polarity, and can be mixed with a hydrocarbon base material. The structure can be applied to a substrate having various alkyl groups by passing a flexible crystal having a chemical formula of CnHnO (n = about 4 to 10) as an intermediate substance. As an intermediate substance, tertiary-butylalcohol (hereinafter t-BuOh) is considered to be the best embodiment at present, but is not limited to t-BuOH as long as it is a flexible crystal that can achieve this purpose.

The effect is manifested by actually applying the lubricant composition of the present invention to a tool that slides on snow and ice. Specifically, the lubricant composition according to the present invention is applied to a surface that generates friction by contact with snow and ice included in these tools, for example, a skiing surface for skiing and snowboarding, a skiing side including an edge, and a blade for skating. The process of applying, fixing, and holding, or “waxing”.

This method is divided into hot waxing that requires a special waxing article such as a ski iron, and cold waxing that does not require these, and there are various methods and articles. It is possible to use techniques and supplies that are widely used from In addition, instead of waxing, the use of a ski-and-ice sliding movement tool in which the above additives are dispersed with a dispersion medium using a ski material such as a sliding surface material as a base material can also produce an effect.

The snow and ice sliding / moving device to which the lubricant composition according to the present invention is applied is a ski / snowboard or other device that mainly slides on the snow surface. An effect is expressed by sliding, and a tool such as skate that moves mainly on ice exhibits an effect by actually sliding on a natural or artificial skating rink.

Handling during use of the lubricant composition according to the present invention, as with handling of conventional ski wax, after cleaning the snow and ice contact surface, removing foreign matter, or polishing as appropriate according to the use of the tool, The effect can be maintained by replenishing the consumed lubricating composition. In addition, after the use of the sliding equipment on snow and ice, after carrying out the usual recommended cleaning, drying, and other after-maintenance of each tool, it may be stored and stored properly until the next use. No handling is required.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. First, the manufacturing method of the lubricant composition according to the present invention will be described, and then, for each application of the lubricant composition, the sliding movement tool on snow and ice to which the lubricant composition according to the present invention was applied was used on snow and ice. Record the record.

Regarding the production method, Example 1 relates to the additive based on nanodiamond particles in the paragraph 0138-0142 of the invention embodiment, Example 2 relates to the dispersion medium based on the hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil in the paragraph 0156-0157 of the embodiment of the invention, Example 3 Corresponds to item 0158 of the embodiment of the dispersion medium with lower alcohol, and Example 4 corresponds to item 0159 of the embodiment of the dispersion medium with water.

Subsequently, Example 5 shows the substrate based on paraffinic hydrocarbons in the paragraph 0146 of the invention, Example 6 shows the substrate based on hydrocarbon synthetic waxes in the paragraph 0147-149 of the invention, and Example 7 shows the FT In the case of the base material by the method wax, in the paragraph 0147-0149 of the embodiment of the invention, in the example 8 in the case of the base material by the olefinic hydrocarbon in the paragraph 0150 of the embodiment of the invention, and in the embodiment 9 by the polymer having a siloxane bond skeleton in the molecular structure Example 10 corresponds to the article 0151 of the embodiment of the invention, and Example 10 corresponds to the article 0152 of the embodiment of the invention for the substrate made of commercially available ski wax products.

The application of the lubricant composition is described in Example 11 for each of the various substrates in response to item 0160-0161 of the embodiment of the invention. Further, in Examples 12 to 23, in response to the item 0162 of the present embodiment, it is a snow and ice sliding movement device that actually applied the lubricant composition of the present invention, various weather conditions, snow surface conditions, yellow sand This section describes skiing and off-piste skiing tests in natural and artificial snow under the environment of falling snow and ice.

This sliding test was started in March 2011. However, an unprecedented disaster called the Great East Japan Earthquake occurs immediately after the start. Many ski resorts were forcibly closed due to non-convergent aftershock activity, planned blackouts in a wide range from Tohoku to Kanto, serious material and fuel shortages, and radiation leakage due to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, and the inventor himself Due to the disaster, the planned plan for the trial run became difficult. For this reason, the tests were carried out considerably before and after the permutation of the embodiment throughout the 2011-2012 season, so they are organized in a separate table (see FIG. 6).

“Detonation nanodiamond primary single crystal particles” Nanodiamond particles that are additives for this lubricant composition include detonation nanodiamond primary single crystal particles “Nanoamand” manufactured by NanoCarbon Research Institute, Ltd. This is used because it satisfies all the conditions of the problem solving means of the invention and is the best embodiment.

This "Nanoamand" is a detonation nanodiamond agglomerate (Lingyun) produced by underwater detonation using explosives such as TNT and RDX as starting materials.
Granda Nano) is the primary product, and it corresponds to the secondary product peptized by a wet milling device using zirconium microbeads. The “nanoamand” thus obtained is the smallest artificial diamond in the world with an average particle size of 3.7 ± 0.6 nm.

  In the above, the nano diamond particle which is an additive which forms the center of the configuration of the present invention has been described. In the following examples, the nanoamand used as the nanodiamond particles is abbreviated as “ND”.

“Dispersion medium with hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil” In order to disperse the nanodiamond particles “ND” shown in Example 1 on a substrate such as paraffinic hydrocarbon and olefinic hydrocarbon by direct operation, it is nonpolar. SpectraSyn, an improved product of polyalphaolefin (PAO) manufactured by Exxon-Mobil, among hydrocarbon synthetic oils
Plus was used. Since PourPoint is below 50 ° C below freezing, it can also be used for snow and ice sliding equipment used under low-temperature weather conditions. Its kinematic viscosity is 3.6.
-6 cSt, which is considerably lower than the kinematic viscosity (50-127 mm2 / s) of PAO materials that are generally marketed in Japan, and this kinematic viscosity value is the kinematic viscosity value (6)
It is extremely the same as the dispersion medium of this embodiment (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 10).

The preparation of a specific dispersion medium will be described. 1L Erlenmeyer flask, 1L of the above-mentioned PAO modified SpectraSyn Plus6 as a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil, 1.0g of nano diamond particle "ND"
(0.1w / v%), non-ionic glycerin monooleate, a nonionic glycerin monooleate often used for dispersing additives in engine oil as a medium dispersant, 10.0g of Rhedol MO-60, even weakly acidic Toho Chemical Co., Ltd., LB400, phosphanol 10.0g as polyoxyethylene stearyl ether phosphate
That is, 1.0 w / v% of both medium dispersants were added in this order, and electromagnetic stirring was continued for 2 days using a magnetic stirrer in a nitrogen atmosphere as an inert gas at room temperature. The dissolution of “ND” started after half a day, and solids disappeared almost completely after one day, and a light blackish transparent solution with a light indigo color was obtained after two days. The dispersion medium obtained by this operation is referred to as “ND-PAO” in the following examples.

The following describes the dispersion of ND-PAO on the substrate. For example, when the base material of the lubricating composition is a paraffinic hydrocarbon, the direct type in which ND-PAO is added dropwise to solid paraffin heated and melted in consideration of the final ND concentration in the lubricating composition is added. Lubricating compositions can be obtained by operation. This ND-PAO-solid paraffin mixture is solidified by stopping heating and cooling at room temperature, and the colloidal dispersion state becomes a frozen solid. When used, it can be handled in the same way as solid paraffin. There is an advantage that can be handled in the same way.

For comparison, two prototype ski waxes not having the characteristics of Example 1-2 were produced. Firstly, ultrasonically pulverized until about 20 nm based on a commercially available CD / UDD, dispersed in a high viscosity PAO with a kinematic viscosity of 1000 mm2 / S or more without considering the kinematic viscosity of the dispersion medium and the base material, and solid paraffin Next, using “Nagome Kumishi powder” from commercially available CD / UDD, CD / UDD, which tends to be a conventional manufacturing method, is converted into solid paraffin with high-speed stirring equipment, etc. The samples with simple stirring were manufactured as "CD / UDD ski wax No. 1" and "No. 2" respectively. The contrast difference between the best mode of the present invention and these CD / UDD ski wax groups will be described in the examples described later.

"Dispersion medium with lower alcohol" In order to disperse "ND" shown in Example 1 on a silicone product substrate by an indirect operation, ethylene glycol was used from lower alcohols as a polar solvent. In this example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) obtained by polymerizing ethylene glycol was used as an intermediate substance. These are easily available from test reagent handling companies such as Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. This time, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) average molecular weight 3000, mp50-60 ° C. was prepared as an intermediate substance. For ND, the same ethylene glycol colloid was obtained by direct solvent displacement from a nanoamand aqueous colloid made by Nanocarbon Laboratory, which is a dispersion.

When the particle size distribution of this colloid was measured by the DLS method, the particle size was 4.1 ± 0.6 nm (100.00 vol%), which satisfied the conditions of the problem solving means of the present invention. The colloid concentration was 2.00 w / v% and the zeta potential was +47.6 m. This nanoamand ethylene glycol colloid is hereinafter abbreviated as “ND-EG”.

The preparation of a specific dispersion medium will be described. First, 57 g of the intermediate substance PEG4000 was weighed, placed in a beaker, and heated and stirred with the top covered with a wrap. After confirming that the solution was melted at a liquid temperature of 62.4 ° C. and became completely transparent, 2.5 ml of the ND-EG (ND = 0.05 g) was added dropwise, and the mixture was then heated and stirred with an electromagnetic stirrer for about 30 minutes. In order not to oxidize atmospheric oxygen by vortex during heating and stirring and oxidize the surface structure peculiar to nanodiamond particles, experimental high purity N2 gas is introduced through a glass tube that penetrates the wrap on the beaker, and is dropped and stirred. went.

The mixed liquid obtained by this operation is 50 ml (PEG specific gravity is 1.2), of which PEG (95%) and EG (5%) are contained as a dispersion medium, and ND solid is 0.1 w / v% of the whole. . This mixed solution is abbreviated as “ND-EG-PEG” in the following examples.

The dispersion of ND-EG-PEG on the substrate will be described. For example, in indirect operation, when the substrate is a silicone product, PEG-modified silicone is introduced after this intermediate material in consideration of the final ND concentration in the lubricating composition. When the heating of this ND-EG-PEG mixture is stopped and allowed to cool to room temperature, it becomes a hard gel that is solidified and frozen in a dispersed state. When used, it exhibits a wax-like property of being liquefied and restored to a colloidal state by reheating. Therefore, there is an advantage that the quality is stabilized and long-term storage is easy by making it into a hard gel state.

“Dispersion medium with water” Water, which is a highly polar solvent, was used to disperse the ND shown in Example 1 on a hydrocarbon-based substrate by an indirect operation. In this example, t-BuOh (tertiary-butylalcohol) was passed as an intermediate substance as a flexible crystal having a melting point of 25 ° C. and having polarity and could be mixed with a hydrocarbon base material. Both water (distilled water) and t-BuOh are available from many test reagent handling companies, including Wako Pure Chemicals and Tokyo Chemical Industry. For ND, nano-amand aqueous colloid manufactured by Nanocarbon Laboratory (ND concentration 5.0%, particle size 3.8 + -0.7 nm, Lot
No. ND64 / 143-02 to 05 / RY (2) P-25, zeta potential +56.7 mv) was used.

The preparation of a specific dispersion medium will be described. First, as an advance preparation of the equipment, an electromagnetic stirrer, arms, and cooling water piping are installed in the draft chamber. A silicone oil bath is placed on the heating plate of the magnetic stirrer and heated to 80 ° C, and a thermometer and reflux are installed. A 300 ml three-neck flask equipped with a condenser and a magnetic rotor was attached.

In this procedure, first, 59.5 g of t-BuOh crystals were weighed, put into the 300 ml three-necked flask, and melted with magnetic stirring. The flask was heated while monitoring the thermometer in the solvent, and t-BuOh was boiled. Next, argon gas was introduced into the flask, and 240 ml of ND (5% aqueous colloid) was dropped into the flask from a pipette. The point at which t-BuOH falls into the liquid in the flask becomes slightly cloudy, but the turbidity does not increase. When the magnetic stirring is continued for about 1 hour after the addition is completed, a highly transparent mixed solution is obtained.

The ND concentration of the liquid mixture obtained by this operation is 0.2 wt%, and the water content is about 0.4%. This mixed solution is abbreviated as “ND-H 2 O-tBu” in the following examples.

The dispersion of ND-H2O-tBu on the substrate will be described. For example, in the case of an indirect operation, in the case of a hydrocarbon base material, the final ND concentration in the lubricating composition is taken into consideration after this intermediate material, and the hydrocarbon base material is heated and melted to adjust the viscosity and then charged. This ND-H2O-tBu solidifies at room temperature when it is heated and cooled at room temperature. However, as described above, appropriate preparation and procedures are required to reheat and disperse in the substrate. It is desirable to proceed to configuration.

[Substrate with Paraffinic Hydrocarbon] Solid paraffin was used from among paraffinic hydrocarbons as the base material of the lubricating composition for containing ND via the dispersion medium. However, solid wax is also suitable for hot waxing and cold waxing because the waxing method is different. First, for hot waxing, ParaffinWax-140, a standard paraffin wax manufactured by Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd., is used as the sliding surface. The total amount was used as a component as a wax for fixing taking advantage of the fixing property. This corresponds to a base (base) wax according to the prior art.

Next, for cold waxing, ParaffinWax-125 was used as the main component, and the EMW series product EMW-0001 manufactured by the same company was added as a subsidiary component, and the viscosity was adjusted. This viscosity adjustment is an operation for fixing the base material to the sliding surface material in cold waxing whose effect persists inferior to hot waxing. EMW-0001 is a solid paraffin mainly composed of isoparaffin, and its main use is also ski wax.

Specific preparation of the substrate will be described. First, main components and subcomponents of solid paraffin serving as a base material are determined and added and adjusted in advance. In this operation, the entire amount of ParaffinWax-140 (hereinafter abbreviated as P140) was used. Next, about 130 g of P140 was placed in a beaker and completely heated and dissolved with an electric heater. After filtering the impurities through a filter paper, 100 g was weighed and transferred to a 300 ml beaker. The beaker was placed on an electromagnetic stirrer, covered with a paper lid, heated to 84 ° C., and kept warm. High-purity N2 gas for experiment was continuously introduced through a heat resistant tube made of silicone through a paper lid break on a beaker, 1 g of “ND-PAO” of Example 2 was weighed and dropped with a whole pipette, and electromagnetic stirring was performed for 17 minutes. Finally, after confirming that scattering due to the Tyndall phenomenon occurred uniformly in the beaker, the contents of the beaker were immediately transferred to a silicone container for cooling molding and cooled in a cold water bath.

In the cooled and solidified P140, 0.001 wt% of ND is dispersed. In the following examples, this solid obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-PAO-P140” because it is a lubricant composition containing an ND additive, a PAO dispersion medium, and a P140 base material. In addition, if the base material is based on ParaffinWax-125 in accordance with this example, it will be referred to as “ND-PAO-P125”. There is an advantage that the waxing using these may be the same as that of the conventional method.

“Substrate made of hydrocarbon synthetic wax” Low molecular weight polyethylene, which is a low molecular weight polyolefin, is used as the base material of the lubricating composition to contain ND via a dispersion medium. It was. This is superior in physical properties such as lubricity and surface modification, and is superior in that the quality is stable compared to solid paraffin derived from petroleum. However, since there is a problem of high melting point and softening point as a difficulty, considering the waxing method and the temperature range where commercial ski irons can be installed, Mitsui Chemicals, Mitsui High Wax, high density polymerization type 400P with hot waxing method The whole amount was used as a component as a base sliding wax. This has a softening point of 136 ° C. and a melt viscosity of 650 mpa.s / cps, which is close to that of a hard base wax with an emphasis on preventing base burn.

Specific preparation of the substrate will be described. First, a hydrocarbon-based synthetic wax as a base material is prepared and added and adjusted in advance as necessary. In this operation, the entire amount of Mitsui High Wax 400P (hereinafter abbreviated as PE400) was used as it was. Next, 200 g of PE400 was put into a beaker and completely heated and dissolved. The beaker was placed on an electromagnetic stirrer, covered with a resin lid, heated to 150 ° C., and then electromagnetically stirred to dissolve the whole amount. 10 g of “ND-PAO” of Example 2 was weighed and dropped into a beaker under electromagnetic stirring from a hole pipette in a state where high-purity N 2 gas for experiment was introduced from a beaker top lid through a heat-resistant silicone tube. Due to the high operating temperature, the ND dispersion state in the substrate during stirring was constantly observed by observing the scattered light due to the Tyndall phenomenon while applying the laser pointer from multiple directions. After stirring for 24 minutes, the operation was terminated, and the contents of the beaker were transferred to a silicone container for cooling molding, and immersed in a cold water tank for rapid cooling.

In PE400 which has been cooled and solidified, 0.005 wt% of ND is dispersed. In the following examples, this solid material obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-PAO-PE400” following the above-mentioned example of designation. Waxing that uses this must be handled along the EC system (ski wax for snow where crystals remain at very low temperatures) as a commercial product, and it is necessary to pay attention to the sliding surface damage at high heat above all, If this point can be eliminated, the durability is considerably higher than that of solid paraffin.

The above low-molecular-weight polyolefin operations are performed in a considerably higher temperature range than solid-paraffin operations, so oxidative damage to the surface layer of nanodiamond particles that will be exposed to the heated and melted substrate is fully considered. The heating and stirring operation should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the operator is required to take appropriate maintenance measures for the operation of the base material that has been heated and melted.

"Base material by wax produced by FT method 1" As a base material of the lubricating composition for incorporating ND into the dispersion medium via a dispersion medium, Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd. synthetic wax from the wax produced by FT method FT-0165 was used. This is a chemically synthesized wax obtained from natural gas (methane gas). Although it is a paraffinic hydrocarbon in terms of components, it has a feature that it has fewer impurities than petroleum-derived solid paraffin. It is also a hydrocarbon-based synthetic wax having a lower melting point than low molecular weight polyolefin.

In particular, the kinematic viscosity is 6 mm2 / s at 100 ° C, which is the same as the ND-PAO (SpectraSyn Plus6) kinematic viscosity (@ 100 ° C 6mm2 / s). Conceivable. If the melting point is 73.5 ° C and the waxing operation temperature is 80 ° C, the kinematic viscosity is 9mm2 / S and low viscosity. The difficulty is that the penetrating and fixing properties of sliding surfaces (UHMWPE / HDPE, etc.) are poor, so the best mode is to use the entire amount as a wax for sliding by the hot waxing technique. The prior art corresponds to a sliding wax that waxes from a base wax specialized for sliding performance.

Specific preparation of the substrate will be described. First, the main component and subcomponent of the FT method wax as the base material are determined and added and adjusted in advance. In this operation, the entire amount of the above FT-0165 was used, but of course, it may be adjusted by mixing with other FT waxes. Next, FT-0165 was completely heated and dissolved in a beaker A with an electric heater, and transferred to a 900 ml heat-resistant glass container B so that the total amount was 400 g. Place this container B on a magnetic stirrer, cover it with a resin lid, heat it at a temperature setting of 130 ° C so that the subsequent dispersion operation is optimal, and use a non-contact thermometer to FT-0165 in container B The solution temperature was adjusted to be kept at 100 ° C. Next, the subsequent operations were carried out in a state where the high purity N2 gas for experiment was continuously blown out from the top. A plurality of laser pointers were placed on the container A so that the dispersion of ND on the substrate could be easily confirmed. In this state, when 4 g of “ND-PAO” of Example 2 was weighed and poured from the upper part of the container A, the Tyndall phenomenon was immediately confirmed from a plurality of directions. After continuing magnetic stirring for 7 minutes, the contents of the beaker were transferred to a silicone container for cooling molding and immersed in a cold water bath to be solidified by cooling.

The cooled and solidified FT-0165 has 0.001 wt% of ND dispersed therein. This solid obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-PAO-FT” in the following examples. The lubricant composition fixed on the sliding surface material by ND-PAO-FT waxing has intermediate properties between solid paraffin and low molecular weight polyolefin and is highly versatile. However, as described above, ND-PAO-FT alone has poor penetration and fixation on the sliding surface material, so in order to improve the ND-PAO-FT, ND-PAO-P140, which is a paraffinic hydrocarbon base material, must be waxed first. Is effective. This operation corresponds to the base wax / sliding wax in the conventional method, but it is sufficient once, unlike the conventional so-called base makeup.

“Substrate by wax produced by FT method 2” As described above, since “ND-PAO-FT” is used for hot waxing, adjustment for cold waxing will be described next. First, the main component and subcomponent of the FT method wax as the base material are determined and added and adjusted in advance. In this operation, the entire amount of the above FT-0165 was used, but of course, it may be adjusted by mixing with other FT waxes. Next, the operation of Example 4 was performed, and a mixed solution “ND-H2O-tBu having an ND concentration of 0.2 wt% using 240 ml of nanoamand 5% aqueous colloid as ND and 59.5 g of t-BuOh as an intermediate substance was used. Was adjusted. Third, 4.7 g of this ND-H2O-tBu (5.998 ml as a specific gravity of 0.78581) is taken and poured into a liquid in which 31.5 g of FT-0165 is heated and melted in a three-necked flask, and magnetically stirred in an argon atmosphere. Went. The ND dispersion state in the base material was inspected by the Tyndall phenomenon by applying a laser pointer from multiple directions, and after about 30 minutes when it was confirmed that the scattering occurred uniformly, this operation was stopped, and the three-necked flask composite composition was The product was transferred to a PP container, and the PP container was rotated while applying a strong water flow to be rapidly cooled to obtain a solidified product in the PP container.

In the composite composition cooled and solidified, 0.028 wt% of ND is dispersed. Finally, in the fourth operation, 5.1 g of this ND-dispersed composite composition was weighed, and 10.2 g of the above FT was weighed and dissolved, respectively, and electromagnetically stirred to obtain a final substrate. In the final substrate, 0.009 wt% of ND is dispersed. This final substrate obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-tBu-FT” in the following examples.

“Substrate made of olefinic hydrocarbon” As a base material of the lubricating composition for containing ND via a dispersion medium, a side chain crystalline poly α-olefin was used from among branched olefinic polymers. . This is a new material that uses a metallocene catalyst and has a low melting point below that of solid paraffin and a hardness similar to that of low molecular weight polyolefin, and is marketed as Idemitsu Kosan Elkrista CPAO. In this example, grade: XF4100, melting point 42 ° C., penetration 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as CPAO) was used.

  CPAO alone was not fixed to the sliding surface, so it was used in combination with solid paraffin. The special paraffin wax product manufactured by Nippon Seisaku Co., Ltd., HNP series product (high purity purified paraffin wax) HNP-5 was used for the solid paraffin to be combined so that the characteristics of CPAO can be extracted. With the mixing ratio combining these, appropriate flexibility and viscosity were given to the base material, and they were used properly for hot waxing and cold waxing (for severe winter season and normal use).

Specific preparation of the substrate will be described. First, the base material was selected, but in this example, as described above, the entire amount of ELCRYSTA CPAO grade XF4100 (hereinafter abbreviated as CPAO) was used. Next, 50 g of CPAO was weighed into a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask and completely heated and dissolved on an electric heating board. The beaker was heated to 95 ° C. on a magnetic stirrer and then kept warm. Weighed 5g of "ND-PAO" of Example 2 while continuing to flow into the Erlenmeyer flask from the Erlenmeyer flask via the glass tapered tube, and dropped with a whole pipette, followed by 37 minutes of electromagnetic stirring. Went. The Tyndall phenomenon at this point was examined (see FIG. 7, A), and then the contents of the Erlenmeyer flask were transferred to a resin petri dish container for cooling molding (see FIG. 7, B), and air-cooled as it was. This solid obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-PAO-CPAO” in the following examples.

In ND-PAO-CPAO, 0.01 wt% of ND is dispersed. In order to inspect whether ND is ubiquitous in ND-PAO-CPAO by the above operation, a laser pointer was applied from the outside of the resin Petri dish after the above operation. The result is that the laser beam, which is normally invisible even if the light streak is removed from the top and cannot be seen without reflection, passes only through the ND-PAO-CPAO. Phenomenon (Tyndall
A red stripe was confirmed by scattering due to the effect) (see FIG. 7, C).

Finally this ND-PAO-CPAO (= A)
And the above-mentioned HNP-5 (= B) was combined by changing the mixing ratio according to each waxing method and the specification temperature zone, heated and dissolved, and electromagnetically stirred to obtain a final substrate. Mixing ratio is A = 5.5g + B = 28.5g = 34.0g in total for hot wax-like cold waxing, where the wax surface is softened by softly applying wax to a ski iron, etc., and the mixing ratio is the total amount The ratio of A to the total is 16%. By using the same combination, the mixing rate was set to “44”% for normal cold waxing and “26”% for normal use. In the following examples, this final substrate was referred to as “ND-PAO-CPAO + HNP”, and “16”, “44”, and “26” were assigned to each waxing form. The final substrate has ND concentrations of 0.0016, 0.0044, and 0.0026 wt%, respectively.

  “Substrate with Polymer Having Siloxane Bonding, Part 1” A polyoxyethylene-modified water-dispersible low-melting-point silicone wax was used as a base material of a lubricating composition for incorporating ND therein via a dispersion medium. This is a hydrophilic soft wax that is a cosmetic material and is used for skin care. It is imported and sold as DOWCORNING 2501COSMETICWAX manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd. In this example, this was used as it is for the edge or blade and side wall as a soft wax-like base material for cold waxing.

Specific preparation of the substrate will be described. First, the base material is selected, but in this example, as described above, DOWCORNING
A total amount of 2501 COSMETICWAX (hereinafter abbreviated as 2501) was used. 18.5g of 2501 was weighed in a heat-resistant glass cup and dissolved by heating on an electric heating board. The cup was placed on a magnetic stirrer and heated to 76 ° C. and then kept at this temperature. In this, 0.37 g of “ND-EG-PEG” of Example 3 was weighed and charged, and electromagnetic stirring was performed for about 17 minutes. The ND was inspected by scattering due to the Tyndall phenomenon, and the contents of the back cup were transferred to a PP resin container for cooling molding and air-cooled as it was.

0.002 wt% of ND is dispersed in the soft wax-like base material obtained by the above operation. This soft wax-like base material obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-EG-PEG-2501” in the following examples.

  “Substrate with polymer having siloxane bond skeleton, part 2” High fatty acid ester-modified silicone oil was used as the base material of the lubricating composition for incorporating ND therein via a dispersion medium. This is a kind of modified silicone excellent in lubricity and is marketed as TSF411 made by Momentive Performance Materials Japan as a lubricant additive. Since the pour point is 0 ° C., in this example, it was used as it was in the specification environment or mixed with general dimethyl silicone oil or the like as a liquid substrate for edges or blades and side walls.

Specific preparation of the substrate will be described. First, the base material is selected, but in this example, TSF411 (hereinafter abbreviated as 411) manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan is mixed with TSF431 (methylphenyl silicone oil; hereinafter abbreviated as 431) as described above. did. Weigh 80.3 g of TSF411 in a sterilized resin cup and place the cup on a magnetic stirrer. Then weigh 2.4 g of “ND-PAO” in Example 2 and add it dropwise for 42 minutes. Stirring was continued. Next, this mixed solution was weighed to 16 g, 84 g of 431 was added, and electromagnetic stirring was further continued for 40 minutes. The ND ubiquity in the substrate was simply inspected by scattering due to the Tyndall phenomenon, and the mixed solution in the back cup was filtered with a filter paper.

In the liquid base material obtained by the above operation, 0.0006 wt% of ND is dispersed. The liquid substrate obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-PAO-411 + 431” in the following examples.

  “Application using commercially available ski wax products as a base material” Application test of commercially available ski wax products mainly composed of paraffinic hydrocarbons as a base material of a lubricating composition for containing ND via a dispersion medium. Carried out. There are few commercially available products that meet the requirements of the substrate of the present invention. In this example, KWX, a solid wax for “Kashiwax” snowboard manufactured by Quest, was used. This KWX uses a pure paraffin material that does not contain fluorine resin and decomposes naturally. Among these, “KWX-3” was used as a base material for hot waxing.

Specific preparation of the substrate will be described. 75 g of the above-mentioned KWX-3 was weighed into a beaker and dissolved by heating to around 85 degrees on an electric heating board. The KWX-3 melt silicon cup was poured and kept warm, and the subsequent operations were performed while blowing high-purity N2 gas for experiment from the top. Next, 0.87 g of “ND-PAO” of Example 2 was weighed and added, and electromagnetic stirring was performed for about 17 minutes. The ND ubiquity in the base material is easily inspected by scattering due to the Tyndall phenomenon, and the laser pointer is applied from multiple directions to check whether the ND ubiquity condition in the base material is met.
The silicon cup was air-cooled in the room as it was.

In the ND-dispersed KWX-3 obtained by the above operation, 0.001 wt% of ND is dispersed. The commercially available ski wax product application base material obtained by the above operation is referred to as “ND-PAO-KWX3” in the following examples. However, as mentioned above, this base material “KWX-3” is only one of kashiwax's hot wax product group KWX, which has 5 types in all, so the actual usage etc. followed the recommended method of Kashiwax.

Characterized in that it contains an additive made of nanodiamond particles, various base materials containing the additive dispersed therein, and a colloidal dispersion medium for the dispersion, as described in the above examples. About the method of actually applying these lubricant compositions to a sliding tool on snow and ice obtained by a manufacturing method characterized by maintaining nano-diamond particles ubiquitously in a substrate such as wax and maintaining a colloidal state Describe.

The lubricant composition according to the present invention basically has no characteristics in its application method, and can use conventional waxing methods and waxing products that are widely used as they are, and can provide new products and large-scale products. No special equipment preparation is required. Since the premise of the lubricant composition of the present invention is to replace fluororesin, which is the mainstream ski wax additive, a conventional technique for adapting high fluororesin paraffin wax to a sliding surface material, so-called `` There is no need for excessive waxing, which is called "base makeup", which is more than a dozen times complicated and laborious.

A specific waxing method of the lubricant composition according to the present invention will be described for each base material. Naturally, prior to the implementation, it is also recommended in the conventional method, but it is assumed that a series of pretreatments such as inspection and repair of the construction surface, removal of foreign matter, cleaning of dirt, and smoothing are performed.

First, "ND-PAO-P140", "ND-PAO-FT", "ND-PAO-PE400" and "ND-PAO-KWX3" are constructed in the same way as the conventional "Hot Waxing". In other words, solid paraffin is dissolved using a special waxing product such as a ski iron, penetrated and fixed in a liquefied state on the sliding surface material, and then the excess solid paraffin is peeled off by scraping and brushing to finish it uniformly.

Since ND-PAO-P140 is inferior in sliding performance as a single unit, it is used as a base (fixing or base) wax in the prior art for pretreatment of “ND-PAO-FT”, which is weakly fixed on the sliding surface. Is desirable. Since ND-PAO-PE400 is difficult to construct by itself, it is desirable to use ND-PAO-PE400 as a hard base wax in the prior art by mixing it with ND-PAO-FT, which is the same synthetic wax and has a lower melting point and lower viscosity. Since ND-PAO-KWX3 is a product group of Kashiwax, it is used in the usage and procedure recommended by Kashiwax.

In the following examples, “/ HotWAX” is added to those that take the above-described waxing (waxing) embodiment, and it is referred to as “ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX”.

Next, “ND-PAO-P125”, “ND-tBu-FT”, and “ND-PAO-CPAO + HNP” are applied in the same way as the conventional “cold waxing” (also called raw coating). In other words, without using special waxing equipment such as a ski iron, solid paraffin is rubbed against the sliding surface as it is, and then the solid paraffin is uniformly spread with the elasticity and friction of cork, and then it slides with the elasticity of the horse hair brush. It pushes into the fine grain of the face material and scrapes off the excess amount. Since this type is generally small and lightweight, it can be carried and waxed on-site, so it can be used for replenishment when the lubricating composition of the present invention is worn. Those having the above embodiments are referred to as “ND-PAO-P125 / ColdWAX” by adding “/ ColdWAX” in the following examples.

Also, similar to the above cold waxing method, ND-EG-PEG-2501 has a base material melting point of 30 ° C, and it can be warmed at body temperature even in a low temperature environment and rubbed directly onto the sliding surface or ski side. Is for simple application. Those that take this embodiment are designated with “/ SoftWAX” in the following examples, and are distinguished as “ND-EG-PEG-2501 / SoftWAX”.

Finally, “ND-PAO-411 + 431”, which is classified as cold waxing, is applied in the same way as conventional liquid ski wax. That is, liquid ski wax is hung on the sliding surface as it is and spread with a cloth or the like, or is hung on a sponge or the like and applied to a narrow portion such as an edge or a side wall. In addition, when used for a skate blade, it can be replenished to the bottom side by applying it to the entire side as well as the bottom surface of the blade in contact with snow and ice. Those that take this embodiment are given “/ Liquid” in the following examples, and are called “ND-PAO-411 + 431 / Liquid” to distinguish them from the above-mentioned WAXs.

“Sliding test 1: Fluororesin comparison and yellow sand performance” According to the present invention, the basic composition of the nano-diamond particle “ND” is used as an additive on the slope of the ski slope the next day when the yellow sand came over. A sliding comparison test was conducted with a lubricant composition (hereinafter abbreviated as ND-dispersed WAXLub) used for a snow and ice sliding movement tool and a commercially available fluororesin-containing ski wax.

Test Summary: Date: May 3, 2011, Location: Gunma Prefecture: Tambara Ski Area, Weather: Cloudy, light wind, 6 ° C below freezing. Test method: Glide on about 4km of running courses two by two, evaluate the sliding performance by the acceleration from the stopping state and the running speed at the intermediate point, and observe and consider the state of the running surface after the running.

Specimen: As ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention, ND-PAO-P140 / HotWAX is a base wax (Example 5), and ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX is a sliding wax (Example 7). Contrast is based on high-quality base wax SK0009 for PROSHOP made from commercially available fluororesin-containing ski wax, and top of SSF69 (adapted / moisture-rich snow / old snow) of the same HF (high height) . Two waxes were applied to the same snowboard as a snow and ice sliding tool. This snowboard is the same size and size of the same manufacturer (fanaticfake157) that has been kept unused, and was arbitrarily selected from a total of 6 pieces with the same basic tune-up, and the same model color for the sliding comparison test It is a snowboard for exclusive use of the sliding test of the present invention used for distinguishing the binding of the difference. (Hereafter, it is abbreviated as a snowboard exclusively for sliding test).

      Test environment: Yellow sand and yellow sand deposits were scattered by the strong wind of the previous day, and the snow and ice surface was remarkably dirty and turned dark brown (see FIG. 3, A).

Test results: In the sliding performance evaluation, since the snow surface was extremely dirty, the commercially available fluororesin-containing ski wax snowboard gradually lost its sliding performance from the middle of the first run, and the running speed was halved, especially on the gentle slope part. Decreased to walking speed level. On the other hand, the ND-dispersed WAXLub-applied snowboard according to the present invention did not deteriorate the sliding performance until the end of the test.

In the state of the sliding surface, the sliding surface coated with commercially available fluororesin-containing ski wax had the wax considerably peeled off, and the yellow sand adhering substance that changed the snow surface to black-brown was adsorbed and stained on the sliding surface. (See FIG. 3B, snowboard in the back). On the other hand, the ND-dispersed WAXLub applied sliding surface of the present invention does not show any wax peeling or black yellow sand adhesion, and is not affected by yellow sand or yellow sand adhesion substances even in such an environment (FIG. 3B, snowboard in front) ).

Discussion: It was found that the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention has an effect that clearly exceeds that of fluororesin when such yellow sand falls.

“Sliding test 2: Effect of a large amount of melted water” A sliding test was performed with the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention under the condition that a large amount of surface melt was generated.

Test Summary: Date: May 1, 2011, Location: Kazawa Ski Area, Gunma Prefecture, Weather: Sunny, no wind, temperature 10 ° C. Immediately before the end of business, the lift was temporarily operated, and the ground surface was exposed due to light snow on the course, and there were water pools in some places (see FIG. 4, A). Test method: Run 4 extraordinary business courses of about 1km, evaluate the sliding performance by the acceleration from the stop state and the running speed at the intermediate point, and observe and consider the state of the running surface after the run.

Specimen: As ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention, ND-PAO-P140 / HotWAX is a base wax (Example 5), ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX is a sliding wax (Example 7), and a sliding wax is slid Waxed to the test snowboard.

Test environment: It was the worst situation of going through a puddle in an environment like Snow Valley (which means that the remaining snow remained until summer) (see FIG. 4, A).

Test results: In the evaluation of the sliding performance, the snowboard to which the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention was applied showed almost no decrease in the sliding performance until the end of the test. In the state of the sliding surface, sludge and the like were observed on the snowboard sliding surface immediately after the sliding (see FIG. 4, B), but remained on the entire ND-dispersed WAXLub sliding surface according to the present invention. It is considered that the sliding performance was not deteriorated because the sludge was sucked up by the wet tissue and did not remain on the sliding surface simply by wiping lightly with a wet tissue without entering the surface (see FIG. 4, C).

  Discussion: It was confirmed that the nano-sized "roller" lubrication by ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention is not easily affected by the resistance of water tension even in the presence of a large amount of surface melt in such a hot snowy environment.

“Running test 3: Response to spring mountain weather” In this example, using multiple snowboards and skis, under the suddenly changing weather conditions unique to spring mountain weather, to confirm ND dispersion WAXLub compatibility according to the present invention, A sliding test on the remaining snow was conducted.

Test Outline: Date: April 24, 2011, Location: Tsukiyama Ski Area, Yamagata Prefecture, Meteorology: Cloudy, weak wind, temperature below 3 ° C, gradually deteriorated to 8 ° C due to light snow and blizzard . Test method: Repeated skiing at about 1km of the Tsukiyamazawa course, where chills fell and snowed, but the overall evaluation was as if the weather was worse than expected and there was thunder and rushed down.

Specimen: Only ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX (Example 7) was waxed on the short ski (Tunu-up and base waxed at a specialty store) that participated on the day of the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention (FIG. 5, A1).・ A2). In the same snowboard A (3 times after use, no maintenance), after cleaning the sliding surface, only ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX (Example 7) was waxed. Snowboard B is a snowboard dedicated to the sliding test, and ND-PAO-P140 / HotWAX was preliminarily waxed with the base wax (Example 5) and ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX was preliminarily waxed with the sliding wax (Example 7).

Test environment: First, the Gassan ski area started operating in early April, but the start of the operation of the Gassan ski area greatly delayed from the previous year due to a serious fuel shortage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in the previous month. Due to concerns about radioactive contamination caused by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, the number of runners was about 10% last year. For this reason, although it was already late April, the snow surface was almost untreated off-piste (Fig. 5B), and wet fresh snow from the previous day was piled up on the rough snow surface with heavy yellow sand. Furthermore, it was a special environment unique to the Gassan skiing area, where snowstorms caused by sudden changes in the weather, and fresh snow with dry crystals remained, so-called powder snow, began to accumulate (Fig. 5C).

Test results: ND-distributed WAXLub applied skis and snowboards according to the present invention have a high level of sliding until the end of the test, even in extremely rare environments such as under-freezing blizzards with a mixture of intense yellow sand, wet snow, and dry snow. Performance was seen. Especially when going down the return course at the bottom of the Mt.dake area when descending, it seems to stop because the other skiers and snowboarders are fresh snow mixed with yellow sand, and the slope is extremely difficult. The ND-distributed WAXLub ski / snowboard of the present invention is still capable of accelerating, while moving forward at a slight speed, crawling on the stock, or even giving up and walking with a snowboard. And it was able to easily overtake them and reach the Awasawa area at the bottom of the ski area without difficulty.

Discussion: Nano-sized “roller” lubrication by ND-dispersed WAXLub primary single-crystal particles “ND” of the present invention is effective even in sudden weather changes and snow surfaces that would not normally be encountered. It was confirmed that the characteristics were high.

“Sliding test 4: application of commercially available ski wax” In this example, the applicability of the nanodia dispersed ski wax according to the present invention was confirmed using a commercially available high purity ski wax product as a base material.

Test Summary Date: April 23, 2011, Location: Naeba Kagura Ski Area, Weather: Rain. Test method: Glide with several snowboards on a running course of about 1km, evaluate sliding performance, and comprehensively evaluate the condition of the sliding surface.

Specimen: “ND-PAO-KWX3” was prepared as a snowboard wax in which nanodiamond particles were dispersed by the operation of Example 10. However, with regard to actual waxing, the tester predicted that the weather forecast on the test day was poor and that ND-PAO-KWX3 alone would be insufficient in paraffin hardness, and based on the recommended usage of Kashiwax, ND-PAO-KWX3 The same adjustment wax KWX-4 was applied on top and subjected to a hardness improvement treatment (for example, see Non-Patent Document 11). As a comparative test, B was a snowboard that was similarly waxed with KWX-3 and KWAX-4 without adding nanodiamonds. These two snowboards A and B had the same structure and the same siding, and were prepared so that no difference other than the dispersion of nanodiamond particles would occur.

Test environment: Due to rainy weather, the skiing course was soiled by rain, but a comparative test of the effect of adding nanodiamond particles ND was conducted. At the top of the ski area, the same person brushed the sliding surface and started the sliding test.

Test results: In terms of sliding performance, snowboards A and B were not significantly different immediately after the start of the test, but when sliding several distances of about 1 km, dirt gradually adhered to the sliding surface of snowboard B. Gliding performance began to decline. On the other hand, the snowboard A in which the nanodiamond particles ND of the present invention are dispersed hardly adheres to the sliding surface, and the sliding performance is less deteriorated than that of the snowboard B. If the skiing was continued as it was, Snowboard A could run without stress from morning to 1 pm, while Snowboard B suffered a clear decline in skiing performance.

Discussion: KWX-4 applied to the outermost surface of the sliding surface peeled off due to friction with the snow surface, and in Snowboard A, ND-PAO-KWX3 in which the nano diamond particles ND of the present invention were dispersed was exposed and gradually As a result of the effect of nano-sized “rollers”, it can be interpreted that the gap in snowboard performance between Snowboards A and B has increased. From this test, it was confirmed that the nano-sized “roller” lubrication can be used for commercially available ski wax as a base material to be dispersed and can cope with unstable weather changes in the snowy mountains in spring.

“Sliding test 6: Comparison with commercial explosion method nano diamond 1” In this example, the primary single crystal particle of nano diamond particle by detonation method is used to satisfy the above four conditions of nano size “roller” action. A sliding test was carried out for comparison between the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention and a commercial explosion-method nanodiamond (CD / UDD) lacking this important feature.

Test summary: Date: December 10, 2011, Location: Hunter Mountain Ski Area Opening Course (artificial snow), Tochigi Prefecture, Weather: Sunny to cloudy, Wind gradually increases from no wind, Temperature: Average 0 ° C Maximum 2 ° C . Test method: About 3km artificial snow course, repeated running, the first half evaluated sliding acceleration, maximum speed and so on. In addition, as a numerical evaluation, measured at the distance of the point reached from the stopped state in the almost flat part in the middle of the course, first zero the sliding arrival position only with the sliding surface material without any ski wax applied As the points, the arrival positions of the test specimens at each point were compared using an average of a plurality of times. Also, observe and consider the condition of the running surface after the run.

Specimen: ND-PAO-P125 / ColdWAX (Example 5) as the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention and a commercial CD / UDD not having the characteristics of the present invention were dispersed in solid paraffin P125 and the wax hardness was adjusted to be the same. Product (see 0175, CD / UDD ski wax No. 1) as a commercially available NF (containing no fluororesin) product for comparison, Holalenkol NaturalSkiwaxStick (hereinafter abbreviated as commercial product A), as a commercial HF product Craftywax made Tsukiyama Specal-LSK (hereinafter abbreviated as commercial product B) was prepared and waxed by cold waxing.

Test environment: First, the first day of the 2012 season, and the test method was the above simple method. This ski resort was just opened the day before, so the snow and ice surface was unique to artificial snow and the consumption of wax was intense, so the difference between specimens was clear.

Test result: In the sliding evaluation, the CD / UDD ski wax No. 1 felt awkward immediately after sliding from the mountaintop. Observations showed a sense of gliding on the spurs after someone had slid at a moderate slope, but when they deviated from that, there was always an unevenness that lost the gap between them. Next, in reaching distance comparison, when the elongation of the reaching distance from the zero point of each specimen was measured, the ND-PAO-P125 / ColdWAX of the present invention was measured.
Is + 9.0m, commercial product B is + 4.5m, commercial product A is + 2.4m, and CD / UDD ski wax No. 1 is + 2.1m, and even the commercial product A of the cheap NF product with a selling price of 1,050 yen There wasn't. When the state of the sliding surface was confirmed after the run, CD / UDD Ski Wax No. 1 had a hard artificial snow crystal piercing the entire run surface.

Discussion: Confirmed that commercial explosion nano-diamond “CD / UDD” that does not satisfy the four conditions of nano-sized “roller” action, which is the center of the technical concept of the present invention, does not serve as a solution to the problem of the present invention. did it. In addition, it is considered that the interfacial bond state at the micro level true contact surface could not be constantly suppressed from the state of artificial snow sticking to the sliding surface after the end of the sliding.

“Sliding test 7: Comparison 2 with commercially available explosive method nanodiamond” In this example, a dispersion medium comprising a colloidal solution in which an additive composed of nanoparticles is first applied to a substrate, which is an important feature of the present invention. Next, the manufacturing method of dispersing in the substrate by direct or indirect operation corresponding to the polarity, and the additive consisting of nanoparticles lacking this important feature are heated and dissolved in a visible fine powder state. A sliding test was performed for comparison with a conventional manufacturing method (see, for example, 0117) put in a base material.

Outline of the test: Date: October 21, 2012, Location: Sayama Ski Resort, Saitama Prefecture, Weather: Excluded because it is an indoor ski resort, temperature 4.8 ° C, snow temperature below 0.4 ° C. Test method: Evaluated by sliding repeatedly on the indoor course of 100% artificial snow using 320m ice crusher system (= ICS), feeling of sliding on the first half. For the numerical evaluation, we used the gentle slope part of the second half of the course, went down straight from the stop state, and measured the average passing time between two short distances between fixed points A and B.

Specimen: First, three snowboards for the sliding test were brought in as snow-ice sliding tools. As the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention, ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX was prepared as a direct manufacturing method, and ND-tBu-FT / ColdWAX was prepared as an indirect manufacturing method. (Both in Example 7). Next, an experimental product in which the commercially available CD / UDD (Nagome Kumishi powder) was stirred at high speed in its powder state on the FT method base material lacking the characteristics of the manufacturing method of the present invention (see paragraph 0175. The following CD / UDD ski wax) 2). For the contrast product, the commercial product A used in Example 16 as a commercial NF product (NaturalSkiwaxStick manufactured by Holmenkol), a Rub-onWax manufactured by TOKO (hereinafter abbreviated as a commercial product C) as a commercial HF product, and fullerene addition Matsumoto Wax FULLERENE, which is wax and ultra-high fluorine content, is ideal for ICS (ice crusher) at this ski resort
PERFECT / RED (hereinafter abbreviated as commercial product D) was prepared. Since the base material of the commercial product D was flexible, ND-tBu-FT / ColdWAX and CD / UDD Ski Wax No. 2 were mixed with 7.7% of the commercially available silicone wax, and the flexibility of each base material was almost the same. Adjusted.

Test environment: First of all, this ski resort was the first indoor ski resort to open in the Tokyo metropolitan area. It was very crowded with a large number of ski and snowboard customers who had just started the 2013 season the previous day and were waiting for their first slide. For this reason, the inventor puts safety considerations for the surrounding ski and snowboard customers first, and the sliding test is made the above-described simplified method using the edge of the slope. This ski resort is artificial snow made by ICS, which is more like shaved ice than snow, and its wax wear is surprisingly fast even though the course length is about 300m. In addition, although the indoor ski area was open with some side walls, various dirt seemed to come from outside air or snow surface maintenance vehicles was observed on the course.

Test results: In the sliding evaluation, ND-tBu-FT / ColdWAX showed the best sliding feeling when compared to the feeling of starting from the stopped state immediately after waxing, followed by ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX. And commercial product D were comparable, and thereafter, commercial product C, commercial product A, and CD / UDD ski wax No. 2 in that order. CD / UDD Ski Wax No. 2 had a feeling of being caught immediately after waxing, and it was found that this gradually disappeared due to wax consumption. In addition, the high-concentration fluorine-based (commercial product C, commercial product D) had a weak initial sliding feeling quickly. Next, with respect to the passing time between two points, CD / UDD ski wax No. 2 -0.06 seconds, commercial product C -0.28 seconds, commercial product A -0.29 seconds, commercial product, with 6.88 seconds without ski wax applied as the standard transit time D -0.30 seconds, ND-tBu-FT / ColdWAX -0.63 seconds, ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX -0.69 seconds

DISCUSSION: Without the important manufacturing features of the present invention, it was confirmed that the additive consisting of nanoparticles could not be ubiquitous in the ski wax substrate, but was even counterproductive. In numerical evaluation, CD / UDD ski wax No. 2 slightly exceeded the no-wax application, but this was greatly affected by wax wear as described above, and was clearly not possible immediately after waxing. In addition, the commercial product D, which essentially contains the same nanocarbon C60 and a fluorine-based lubricant, has a large effect difference from the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention. The reason for this is considered to be a manufacturing method that is an extension of the prior art.

  “Sliding test 8: Low temperature powder 1” In this example, the inventors inspected the ND nano-sized “roller” lubrication mechanism and the low temperature response of the base material in a low temperature environment, and confirmed the workability of ND-dispersed WAXLub under freezing. A flight test was conducted in Hokkaido.

Outline of the test: Date: December 31, 2011 Location: Sapporo International Ski Resort, Hokkaido Weather: Daytime light snow to afternoon snowstorm, windless wind to strong, temperature decreased from 10 ° C below freezing to 15 ° C below freezing. Snow quality: powder snow, snowfall 195cm. Test method: Run about 3km from the summit via Woody Course and evaluate the sliding performance. As a numerical evaluation, the average position of the arrival position from the fixed position to the stop position on the third Woodside Lift 3 slope is calculated several times. It was used for comparison measurement. Observe and consider the state of the running surface after the run at the foot of the mountain.

Specimen: Four snowboards dedicated to the sliding test were used and compared with the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention for hot waxing and cold waxing, respectively. For hot waxing, ND-PAO-CPAO16 + HNP / HotWAX (Example 8) is used for groundwork, and ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX (Example 7) is used for sliding (hereinafter referred to as test specimen NDCPFT). As a commercial HF product, a 3: 1 mixture of Holmenkol AlphaYellow: EC10 / 25 is used as the base wax, sf0 / 7red as a sliding wax (hereinafter abbreviated as a commercial product E), and Matsumoto wax is used as a commercially available high-hardness wax. ANTBB manufactured (hereinafter abbreviated as “commercial product F”) was respectively waxed. For cold waxing, ND-PAO-CPAO44 + HNP / ColdWAX (Example 8) (hereinafter abbreviated as Specimen NDCP44) is used as a comparison product, and Zao SPECIAL-Soft (hereinafter referred to as Commercial Product G) is a commercially available LF product. Were abbreviated).

Test environment: The amount of snow already close to 2m, which is unique to Hokkaido. The snow quality was so-called powder snow with hexagonal dendrites and snow crystals that can be seen visually growing. However, this powder snow has a characteristic that its frictional resistance is high due to its crystal shape, and its sliding performance is not so high due to piercing the sliding surface and frictional static electricity. If you try to pre-slide with a snowboard that has not been cared for before the running test, you can feel the so-called "powder astringency" that the snow quality is good and a unique floating feeling is felt by these actions, but the sliding speed is not so high It was a situation.

Test results: First, in the overall evaluation, the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention did not generate low-temperature astringency when sliding from the top of the mountain. System base material) showed good sliding performance near the summit. Next, in the reach distance test, the commercial product F stopped first for hot wax, the specimen NDCPFT stopped at a position 3.3 m ahead, and the specimen E stopped a further 2.2 m ahead. For cold waxing, the specimen NDCP44 stopped 4.5m before the specimen F, and the commercial product G stopped 3.6m before that.

As a consideration, as a whole, the ND-dispersed WAXLub did not lose its nano-sized “roller” lubrication mechanism even in such a low temperature environment. In the reach distance test, it exceeded the commercial LF product, but the effect far exceeding the commercial HF product was not demonstrated. This is probably because the lubrication system of the present invention relies on "roller" rotation, so that on the low-density snow and ice surface such as so-called powder snow, the "roller" rotation action decreases as the density decreases. . As a countermeasure, it is conceivable to use a roller with a slightly larger size as the density decreases on such low-density snow and ice surfaces.

“Sliding Test 9: Low Temperature Powder 2” In this example, following Example 17, in a low temperature environment, the coating properties and effects of the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention under a freezing temperature centered on a polymer substrate having a siloxane bond skeleton. A test was conducted to confirm whether this was possible in children.

Test Summary: Date: January 1, 2012, Location: Sapporo International Ski Resort, Hokkaido, Weather: Cloudy to light snow, wind slightly, temperature below freezing to 11 ° C below freezing. Snow quality: powder snow, snowfall 195cm. Test method: The lift was lifted from the bottom of the ski area, and it was measured by the distance reached from the fixed position to the stop position on the third lift side slope of Woody used in Example 17 from the fixed position. In this test, it was confirmed that the tester was a ski beginner brother of elementary school students and college students, and that the tools were stored in accordance with the general reality, and that the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention could be effective even in a so-called family ski layer.

Specimen: Both testers dared to use unmaintained skis that had been left in the storeroom. However, in order to prevent children's injury, the inventor repaired and removed the burrs and burrs on the plate. Among the ND-dispersed WAXLubs of the present invention, the softest “ND-EG-PEG-2501 / SoftWAX” (Example 9, hereinafter abbreviated as ND2501) was used. For comparison, Holmenkol's Natural SkiwaxStick (hereinafter abbreviated as commercial product H) is available as a commercially available low-cost flexible NF product, and TOKO's DiblocHighFluoro Rub-onWax (hereinafter abbreviated as commercial product I) is available as a commercially available low-cost HF product. did. Before the sliding test, the inventor demonstrated the waxing procedure with cordo wax first, and then the testers were asked to perform the work accuracy.

Test environment: First of all, in this low-temperature environment, children's waxing observation evaluation was possible even for beginners, even for beginners, a sufficient waxing procedure was possible, but for elementary school students the soft SoftWAX (ND2501) of the present invention was a waxing procedure. However, with other commercially available products, the wax was cured at a low temperature, making it difficult to execute the procedure, and the commercially available product I, which is particularly hard, could not be judged.

Test results: If the average values are aggregated except for failure cases unique to beginners by conducting multiple reach distance tests, university students first set the stop position without waxing to zero point, and the commercial product H is at the position of 9.0 m ahead The ND2501 of the present invention stopped at a further 1.5 points, and the commercial product I stopped at a further 0.6 m. Next, elementary school students first set the stop position without waxing to zero point, the commercial product H stopped at a position 7.5 m ahead, and the 2501 of the present invention stopped 0.6 m ahead. As described above, the commercially available product I was not waxable and could not be measured.

As a consideration, the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention satisfies the four conditions of nano-sized “roller” action that it can exist in various forms of substrates and satisfies its ubiquitous condition. However, it was confirmed that it was effective and effective for the so-called family ski layer.

“Sliding Test 10: Competition Test 1” In this example, under the ski competition course, in order to confirm the competition performance of the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention, a sliding test was performed in comparison with the commercially available competition wax group. went.

Test Summary: Test Summary: Date: February 25, 2011, Location: Asama 2000 Ski Resort, Nagano Prefecture, Weather: Weather: Snow, Temperature: 4 to 0 ° C below freezing, Snow temperature: 5 to 0 ° C below freezing. Snow quality: Slightly wet with fresh snow. Test method: In order for the tester to participate in the GS race, the ND dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention and the commercially available wax group for the competition are inspected (the race course preview run after explanation of the competition guide) and warm-up, etc. As a result of comparing both the skis with the construction, the performance of the ND-dispersed WAXLub multiple configuration according to the present invention is excellent, so this was used from the first in the race. Of course, since it is not possible to compare both times in the main game, we will consider it based on the experience judgment at the competition speed that the competitor has.

  Test body: ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX is used as a sliding wax (Example 7) as the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention, and ND-PAO-411 + 431 / Liquid (as the ski side part including the ski edge). Example 9 (hereinafter abbreviated as ND411) was performed by the examiner. In this example, the base wax for fixing was not used, but the sliding wax was applied directly to the sliding surface. This was because the tester was an athlete and was skilled in waxing, so the wax was applied in the post-waxing process. This is because ND-PAO-FT, which has a weak fixability, could be applied sufficiently, such as by leaving the wax in a very thin film without brushing thoroughly and leaving it lightly brushed. In contrast, Dominator MF (notation of the company's unique medium fluorine) is used as a commercially available competition wax group, and RACE ZOOM / NEW SNOW is a sliding wax with pink as the groundwork. , Abbreviated as commercial product J).

Test environment: First, it was heavy fresh snow for the Asama 2000 at an altitude of 2000 m, but it was not wet snow that could be quickly squeezed. Under this fresh snow, there was a complete race-burn condition called ice-burn. It was a cloudy and foggy weather that felt colder than the actual temperature.

Test results: In the sliding evaluation, the ND-dispersed WAXLub configuration according to the present invention showed better sliding performance in the portion where fresh snow was accumulated and the portion where the fresh snow was dug and the underlying ice burner was exposed. In this embodiment, the so-called “ski edge wax”, which has the effect of reducing friction during the rotation of the ski and improving the competition performance, was compared with a commercially available product. As a result, the ND411 was more slidable than the commercial product J, and the tester left a strong impression of “smoothly slipping”. On the other hand, the commercial product J had a feeling that the vibrations were settled and slipped while gripping.

As a consideration, it was confirmed that the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention is effective even in such a race condition and also has an effect on a ski edge that is a metal material. This is because the lubrication system of the present invention relies on "roller" rotation, and as shown in Example 17, on the low-density powder snow, the "roller" rotation action decreases as the density decreases. With the same reasoning, it can be understood that the "roller" rotating action is strengthened in a race burner in which a snow surface hardener (also called snow cement or ammonium sulfate) is sprayed to maintain a high density. In addition, it seems that the same effect was seen in comparison with the wax for ski edges.

“Sliding Test 11: Competition Test 2” In this example as well, under the ski competition course, in order to confirm the competition performance of the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention, a sliding test was performed in comparison with a commercially available wax group in multiple configurations. However, the above competition test 1 was conducted in February, while this test was conducted in March.

Outline of the test: Outline of the test: Date: March 18, 2011, Location: Nagano Pref. Ski resort, Weather: Cloudy, Temperature 1-5 ° C, Snow temperature: 0.7 ° C, Snow quality: Wet snow. Test method: Since the tester participates in the GS race, this battle board is a ND-dispersed WAXLub application board according to the present invention that was used last time, replenished according to its wear, and a preliminary competition board for inspection and warm-up. Each of the skis with a plurality of wax groups was prepared and compared. Of course, since it is not possible to compare both times in the main game, we will consider it based on the experience judgment at the competition speed that the competitor has.

Specimen: The ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention had the ND-dispersed WAXLub remaining on the board that was used in the previous race (see Section 0274). -PAO-PE400 / Hotwax (Example 6, hereinafter abbreviated as ND400), ND-EG-PEG-2501 / SoftWAX as the base solid on the ski side including the ski edge, and ND-PAO- 411 + 431 / Liquid (both Example 9) was respectively waxed. Contrast is a group of commercially available waxes on the spare plate, and Team Rescue's "Musou" (a so-called hard base wax of LDPE material; hereinafter abbreviated as "K" for commercial use) on the running surface. “Q5” and “Q7” of so-called solid HF wax for starting) were used separately for comparison. On the ski side, a commercial product J (see 0274) was used as before.

Test environment: The course condition was bad and rain and hail (sleet) fell on the previous day, so it was completely wet snow. Therefore, the race with the snow-curing agent (ammonium sulfate) sprinkled on the race course was mottled. It was implemented.

Test result: In the sliding evaluation, the sliding performance was excellent in the order of Q5, Q7, and ND400 in the trial sliding at the start point, and Q7 and -ND400 were almost equal. However, as described above, the sliding performance of the race course changed due to poor snow and ice surface conditions, and the preliminary board that was waxing the commercially available wax group significantly decreased the sliding performance by inspection alone. It was observed that Q5 and Q7 picked up and adsorbed much dirt on snow and ice. On the other hand, the ND-dispersed WAXLub (PE400) according to the present invention did not significantly impair the sliding performance in the final race and the subsequent two or three runs. In this configuration, ND-EG-PEG-2501 / SoftWAX, which was used as the base solid, became a resistance for the ski edge wax, and the comparison commercial product J slid more smoothly because the vibration was reduced.

As a consideration, the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention is quite effective in such a spring race condition, and in particular, “Q5” and “Q7” made by Dominator, which are the current contrast, are among the current commercially available competition waxes. Considering that it is the most expensive (18,900 yen) high-performance category, and that there was an HF-based LDPE wax layer underneath, the ND400 of the present invention has a performance equivalent to that of a plurality of commercially available competition wax groups. Indicated. In addition, the test results with "Ski Edge Wax" have a common point that almost all of the commercial products are lubrication concepts with an emphasis on water repellency, and it is easy to obtain a strengthening effect even when used in multiple configurations of other manufacturers and multiple types However, in the case of the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention, the concentration of the additive consisting of ND in the base material is an ultra-dilute concentration of around 0.001 wt%, so that almost 100% of the base material is the base material. . Therefore, when it was used in a composite configuration with the opposite bases of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity as in this case, the possibility that the sliding effect was attenuated was shown.

“Sliding test 12: Member parts other than sliding surface material” In this example, the ND of the present invention used for various member parts other than the sliding surface material such as edges of skis and snowboards, side walls, or skate blades. A sliding test was performed on the dispersed WAXLub (lubricant composition). However, even if one side wolves of skis are taken, a special material made of ABS resin, an extended structure of the top sheet material, the composite structure of the former two, a part of the glass fiber of the core material or bumpo (bamboo) is exposed as it is. Since it is too diverse, the representative test was performed by using a ski side member portion of a metal edge and a special material made of ABS resin provided for general skiing.

Outline of the test: Outline of the test: Date of the first test: March 20, 2011, Location: Honoki ski, Gifu Prefecture, Weather: Sunny weather, temperature below freezing 3 to 3 ° C, snow temperature: below freezing 7 to below freezing 5 ° C, Snow quality: Tight snow mixed with artificial snow and natural snow. The second test day is dates: April 14-15, place: Nagashi Prefecture Okushiga Kogen ski area, weather: 14th sleet snow, 15th fine weather, temperature: 1 to 8 ° C below freezing, snow temperature: 2 to 0 ° C below freezing , Snow quality: Dust fall on the remaining snow in the spring, spraying a snow hardener. Test method: The tester will be supplied with the ND-dispersed WAXLub application board according to the present invention and the commercially available product according to the effect and wear in each scene of practice, warm-up, qualifying, and main battle for the race for a total of three days. Each was compared.

Specimen: ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention includes ND-PAO-411 + 431 / Liquid (Example 9; hereinafter abbreviated as ND411) on a plurality of ski sides composed of testers' race races and spare plates. (Hereinafter abbreviated as ND411), and as a contrast, commercially available ski edge wax, the same commercial product J as in Example 19, and the same performance-enhanced “skate cage” (hereinafter abbreviated as commercial product K) , Each was used separately. This commercial product K is considered to be obtained by increasing the viscosity of the commercial product J and adding a Ws2-based solid lubricant in order to cope with the skate use environment.

Test environment: First, there is a time difference of about one month between the two tests. If the environment is dry to moderate wet snow and the snow temperature is about -3 ° C or less (hereinafter referred to as negative environment), The snow temperature was about -3 ° C or higher (hereinafter referred to as “plus environment”).

Test results: In the sliding evaluation, when the usage environment is below freezing, the improvement in sliding performance, which seems to be due to vibration absorption, is excellent in the order of commercial product K, commercial product J, and ND411, and ND411, commercial product K, It was excellent in the order of the commercial product J. In terms of durability, the commercial product K felt an effect of about 3000 m, and the ND411 felt an effect of about 2000 m. Next, when the usage environment is a plus environment, the commercial products K and ND411 have almost the same level as the overall sliding performance, although the respective sliding feelings are different. Characteristically, ND411 increased its effect as wet snow and snow temperature increased, and was especially resistant to dirt on snow and ice.

As a consideration, it was confirmed that the ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention is effective even when used for various member parts provided on a snow and ice sliding / moving device made of metal or resin. In contrast, according to public information, the commercially available edge wax products for skis J are made of so-called vacuum fluorine lubricants such as silicone oil and perfluoropolyether, but ND411 is also made of modified silicone oil as the main component. Since ND is used as an additive, the comparison corresponds to the comparison between these high-performance fluorine-based lubricants and the primary single-crystal particles ND of nanodiamonds according to the present invention. As described above, the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention. It was confirmed that these high-performance fluorine-based lubricants have equivalent performance and satisfy the first problem to be solved by the present invention.

“Sliding Test 13 (Comprehensive Running Test): Reiuge Tsukiyama” In this example, in order to summarize the above running test examples, it is located in the special area of Bandai Asahi National Park and is also called Reibu Tsukiyama. The general sliding test of the present invention in the backcountry was conducted in Tsukiyama, Yamagata Prefecture.

Outline of the test: Date: April 29, 2012 Location: Tsukiyama Ski Area, Yamagata Prefecture Lower Shimizu Course area, Weather: Fine weather, no wind, temperature 7-4 ° C. Test method: Using the Shimizu course from the side of the parking lot at the same ski resort, slid along the side of the Tsukiyama Sanroku spring water group, one of the 100 best waters of the Ministry of the Environment. It slides or moves with multiple snowboards using ND-dispersed WAXLub, records the correspondence of the change of snow and ice surface and its sliding movement effect, observes and considers the state of the sliding surface after descent.

Specimen 1: ND-dispersed WAXLub of the present invention was invented by the inventor for two beginners and advanced snowboarders participating on the day. The beginner's snowboard board is Snowboard A of Example 14, and ND-PAO-P140 and ND-PAO-FT were applied a year ago, and after that they were used about 4 times, but they have been specially maintained until then. There was no ND-dispersed WAXLub. This beginner's snowboard board was easily cleaned by brushing, and burrs on the edges were removed with a diamond “file”, and then ND-PAO-CPAO26 + HNP / ColdWAX (Example 8) was additionally waxed (see paragraph 0220). The advanced snowboard board is a wide snowboard board suitable for sliding under such unstressed snow. ND-PAO-P140 / HotWAX is the base wax (Example 5) and ND-PAO-FT / HotWAX is the sliding wax. (Example 7) had been previously cleaned by the previous day.

Specimen 2: Furthermore, in this example, in the sliding and movement of the unstressed snow surface peculiar to the backcountry, the snowboard is easy to dive into the snow because the speed is inferior, especially for beginners by sliding through a narrow space such as standing trees. In preparation for this, the snowboard board in contact with snow and ice, such as the side part (edge, side wall) kick part (nose, sliding part of the kick part and the top sheet), is rubbed against the snowboard board. ND-PAO-411 + 431 / Liquid (Example 9) was waxed at various sites where the phenomenon occurred. In addition, advanced users were allowed to wax ND-EG-PEG-2501 / SoftWAX (Example 9) only on the snowboard side part (edge, side wall) to prepare for diving snow on flat ground movement.

Test environment 1: The weather on that day was a warm spring day, but it was already in late April, and the first half of the test course was harsh for beginners of snowboarding who were particularly inferior on flat snowy snow and snowy flats. It was a situation. In addition to this, beech leaves and pollen from surrounding vegetation were scattered in the middle beech virgin forest. In the latter half of the wooded forest, a lot of yellow sand, pollen, branches and leaves were scattered in the narrow sliding movements between the standing trees, and it was an inferior environment where it was forced to pass through places that were no longer snowy and ice.

Test environment 2: In the above-mentioned beech primeval forest, the inventor was hit by a strong board grip (see paragraph 0043) without any effect of commercially available ski wax, and suddenly lost gliding, and in that case solid paraffin It has been observed from the past that the base material has been decomposed to become muddy and dissolved on the sliding surface material. Therefore, the inventors collected the “gripping snow” and continued analysis. As a result, we discovered a very characteristic fact on the snow and ice surface in the backcountry where ordinary people who were scattered by such yellow sand etc. would not enter. This is described in the section “Industrial Applicability”.

Test result 1: As for the sliding evaluation, even in the backcountry environment, the snowboard to which the ND-dispersed WAXLub according to the present invention was applied was not affected by various sliding obstacles on snow and ice, and maintained its sliding performance to the end. We arrived at Goshikinuma, the final point of the test course. Even if the two plates of the test specimen slid on the poor snow and ice surface, which is not normally possible, the dirt is hardly adhered to the sliding surface. When observed closely, mud mixed snow was attached to the top of the beginner's snowboard board, but this dirt was easily wiped off with tissue paper etc. as in Example 13, and this dirt remained on the sliding surface after wiping. Absent.

Test result 2: Especially in this example, the so-called one-foot skating that all beginners of snowboarding are not good at all and is also deprived of physical strength (only the foot on the axial foot side is attached to the snowboard board, and the snow surface is covered with the foot on the other dominant foot side) The sliding movement technology that kicks and moves on flat snow and ice) is forced to endlessly move on flat or loosely climbing snow and ice that is soiled with yellow sand with high frictional resistance. It is worth mentioning that the applied snowboard board for beginners was able to easily slidably move with this one foot skating or only one stock, even if the surrounding skier struggled even with rowing stock using both hands stock. .

As a comprehensive evaluation, as in this example, the wide range of skiing compatibility required for ski wax in the backcountry where the natural state is maintained as it is with few people entering, and the water system is selected as one of the 100 best waters. If the lubricant composition to be used for the sliding tool on snow and ice is selected in consideration of the safety of the water system diffusion accompanying the snow melting required for ski wax when used around such a spring water group, the nano diamond primary single crystal The only answer is the lubricant composition of the present invention, which is based on particles, meets the four conditions of nano-sized “roller” action, and realizes a new lubrication theory on snow and ice.

  The present invention realizes a new theory of lubrication on snow and ice that is not bound to any of the four theories of lubrication on snow and ice that have been discussed over the past 160 years. As a new lubrication mechanism that is harmless to the environment and living body, the industrial applicability is extremely high.

In addition, the present invention is most effective in sliding movement on snow and ice where yellow sand has fallen, which was an unpleasant phenomenon that cannot be dealt with in the related circumstances such as skiing and snowboarding in Japan, and it still has a large potential demand, but its leisure time The industrial applicability as a means of extending the actual business period in the spring mainly in the business activities of the cableway business (ski resort management business) and related businesses, while the participating population is decreasing Is expensive.

  This still large potential demand is the “sleeping needs” that have been experienced in leisure activities such as skiing and snowboarding in the past, but have not yet been realized. Re-excavation (needs revival) is easy. And among various leisure activities, skiing is said to have more than half of the current participation in leisure activities, as the potential demand population of past experiencers. The present invention can be expected to uncover this “sleeping need” and to suppress the reduction of related industries by extending the actual business period in the spring season when it is easy to travel to ski facilities.

Furthermore, as an industrial applicability of the present invention, the grasping snow (see paragraph 0043), which was an unexplained phenomenon in the sliding movement of snow and ice in the spring, without any specific action so far, New academic proposals based on the characteristic facts clarified by the analysis using, and the application to new snow and ice sliding equipment and equipment technology based on it.

The inventor collects snow ice that feels a strong plate and stores it frozen and stored it in the management facility equipment of the National University Corporation Chiba University. Microscopic observation of impurities contained in the snow, dissolved chemical components by ion chromatography The chlorophyll concentration was analyzed. As a result of microscopic observation, grabbing snow contained a large amount of black organic matter mass and mineral particles, and when observed at high magnification, snow and ice algae (Chloromonas nivalis), fungi, bacteria, etc. were also included (Fig. 8-ABCDE). ,reference). Next, in the results of ion chromatography dissolved chemical component analysis and chlorophyll concentration analysis, the values of Cl (Na) K concentration (equivalent) are particularly high, which is compared with the chemical components of residual snow measured in other regions in Japan. A very high value of 5 to 30 times was shown (see FIG. 9). Since it is highly possible that the characteristics of these grabbing snows were involved in the board grabbing phenomenon, academic proposals have already been made by the inventor (Japan Society for Snow and Ice, Snow and Ice Research Conference 2012).

Immediately after the start of the sliding test of the present invention, on March 11, 2011, an unprecedented catastrophe such as the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident hit Japan. Due to the aftershock activity, planned power outages, fuel shortages, and radioactive contamination, many ski resorts were forced to close their operations one month ahead of schedule. Skis that are forced to close their business without reaching the 2012 season due to this management damage, withdrawing the business of the management body due to concerns about reputational damage due to radioactive contamination mainly in Fukushima Prefecture, and skiing that is required to significantly reduce business including related facilities A lot of places. In the future, it will be a tough business environment for related industries in the affected areas. Finally, the inventor wishes that the effect of extending the actual business period that can be brought about by the present invention will lead to the recovery of related industries in these affected areas.

Claims (12)

Lubricant composition used on a surface that comes into contact with snow and ice in a sliding movement tool used on snow and ice, comprising an additive composed of nanodiamond particles, and a base material of the lubricant composition for containing the additive And a dispersion medium for dispersing the additive in the base material. A lubricant composition used for a sliding tool on snow and ice. 2. The snow or ice according to claim 1, wherein the additive is a particle corresponding to a primary single crystal of nano-sized diamond artificially synthesized by detonating an oxygen-deficient glaze in an inert medium. A lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool. The lubricant composition used for the snow and ice sliding / moving device according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a paraffinic hydrocarbon. 4. The lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool for snow and ice according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a hydrocarbon-based synthetic wax. 5. The lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool for snow and ice according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base material is a wax produced by a Fischer-Tropsch method. 3. The lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 1, wherein the base material is an olefinic hydrocarbon. 3. The lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a polymer having a siloxane bond skeleton. Either a dispersion medium a composed of a colloidal solution in which an additive is dispersed in a nonpolar solvent or a dispersion medium b composed of a colloidal solution dispersed in a polar solvent, and then the dispersion medium a is directly used as a substrate. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein either a direct type in which the dispersion medium b is dispersed by stirring and dropping, or an indirect type in which the dispersion medium b is indirectly dispersed in a substrate via an intermediate substance is used. A method for producing a lubricant composition for use in the snow and ice sliding movement tool described. 9. The method for producing a lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 8, wherein the dispersion medium a is a colloidal solution dispersed in a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil as a nonpolar solvent. The method for producing a lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 8, wherein the dispersion medium b is a colloidal solution dispersed in a lower alcohol as a polar solvent. 9. The method for producing a lubricant composition for use in a sliding tool on snow and ice according to claim 8, wherein the dispersion medium b is a colloidal solution dispersed in water as a polar solvent. The lubricant composition used for the snow-ice sliding movement tool manufactured by the method in any one of the said Claims 8 thru | or 11.