JP2013113548A - Cooling storage device for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To drive a compressor efficiently over a range from high thermal load time to low thermal load time.SOLUTION: A cooling storage device for vehicle includes: an electric motor 32 which is mounted on a vehicle; a cooling unit 27 which cools the interior of a container mounted on the vehicle; an input selection mechanism 30 which is connected to a compressor 24 compressing a refrigerant in the cooling unit 27 and can select an input destination of power; an engine power transmission section 39 which transmits the power of an engine EG to the input selection mechanism 30; a motor power transmission section 31 which transmits the power of an electric motor 32 to the input selection mechanism 30; and a driving control section 100 which operates the input selection mechanism 30 to perform selection from the engine EG or electric motor 32 as the input destination of the power to the compressor 24 when the engine EG operates.

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle cooling and storage apparatus.

  When carrying goods, such as frozen food, vehicles provided with a cooling storage device are often used. In this type of vehicular cooling storage device, the cooling unit is driven to supply cooling air to the inside of the heat insulating storage, and the product stored in the heat insulating storage is maintained at a desired cooling temperature. The cooling unit includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, and circulates high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed in the compressor.

  As a drive source of the compressor, there are one using a traveling engine mounted on a vehicle (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) and one using an electric motor mounted on a vehicle (for example, refer to Patent Document 2).

JP 2006-290116 A JP 2000-283622 A

  The configuration in which the compressor is driven by the traveling engine is advantageous in terms of power transmission efficiency, and the internal temperature of the heat insulating storage is constantly increased by rotating the compressor at a high speed as in pull-down operation. It is suitable for high heat load conditions that cool the battery in a short time. However, the traveling engine is operated regardless of the heat load of the cooling unit. For this reason, for example, under a low heat load situation where the deviation between the internal temperature of the heat insulating storage and the target temperature is small, the number of revolutions required for the compressor and the number of revolutions of the engine are greatly different from each other. Control for proper operation becomes extremely complicated.

  On the other hand, the configuration in which the compressor is driven by the electric motor can easily and arbitrarily control the rotation speed of the electric motor regardless of the traveling state of the vehicle. Therefore, even under a low heat load situation where the deviation between the internal temperature of the heat insulating storage and the target temperature is small, the compressor can be finely operated without complicated control. However, in order to drive the compressor by the electric motor, the kinetic energy generated by the operation of the engine is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is converted again into kinetic energy by driving the electric motor. In view of the loss, it is not necessarily preferable. For example, when the pull-down operation is performed, there is a risk that the energy consumption increases as compared with the case where the compressor is driven by the engine.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicular cooling storage device that can efficiently drive a compressor from a high heat load to a low heat load.

  In order to achieve the above object, a vehicular cooling and storing apparatus according to the present invention includes an electric motor mounted on a vehicle, a cooling unit that cools the inside of a heat insulating storage mounted on the vehicle, and refrigerant in the cooling unit. An input selection mechanism that is connected to a compressor to be compressed and can select a power input destination, an engine power transmission unit that transmits engine power to the input selection mechanism, and a power of the electric motor is transmitted to the input selection mechanism And a drive control means for selecting an input destination of power to the compressor from the engine and the electric motor when the engine is operated by operating the input selection mechanism. It is characterized by that.

  Further, the present invention provides the above-described vehicular cooling and storage apparatus, wherein a generator that supplies electric power to the electric motor, and an engine power transmission unit are interposed between the generator and the power output destination of the engine. An output selection mechanism selectable from an input selection mechanism, wherein the drive control means outputs the power of the engine to the generator when the electric motor is selected by the input selection mechanism, and the input selection When the engine power transmission unit is selected by a mechanism, the output selection mechanism is operated so as to output the engine power to the input selection mechanism.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described vehicular cooling and storing apparatus, wherein the drive control unit operates the output selection mechanism so as to alternatively output the engine power to the generator and the input selection mechanism. It is characterized by that.

  The present invention further includes a battery capable of supplying electric power to the electric motor in the above-described vehicular cooling storage device, wherein the drive control unit selects the electric motor by the input selection mechanism. In this case, the power supply source to the electric motor is selected from the generator and the battery according to the operating state of the engine and the storage state of the battery.

  Further, the present invention provides the above-described vehicular cooling storage device, wherein the drive control unit monitors the thermal load of the cooling unit, and the compressor is operated by the engine when the thermal load of the cooling unit exceeds a threshold value. On the other hand, when the heat load of the cooling unit is less than the threshold value, the electric motor drives the compressor.

  Further, the present invention is the above-described vehicular cooling storage device, wherein the drive control means uses the deviation between the internal temperature of the heat insulating storage and a preset target temperature as a heat load of the cooling unit, and the drive source of the compressor Is selected from the engine and the electric motor.

  The present invention is the above-described vehicular cooling and storing apparatus, wherein the drive control means selects the drive source of the compressor from the engine and the electric motor in accordance with a selection signal of an input changeover switch. To do.

  Further, the present invention provides the above-described vehicular cooling and storage apparatus, wherein the generator and the battery are connected so that the electric power supplied from the generator can be stored in the battery, and the drive control means includes The power storage state of the battery is monitored, and when the power can be stored, surplus power during the output of the engine power to the generator is stored in the battery by the output selection mechanism. .

  The present invention further includes an external connection terminal that can be connected to an external power supply in the above-described vehicle cooling and storage device, and the drive control means is configured to be external when an external power supply is connected through the external connection terminal. The power supplied from the power source is stored in the battery.

  Further, according to the present invention, in the above-described vehicular cooling and storage device, even when an engine key switch for turning on / off the engine is turned off, electric power can be supplied from the battery to the electric motor. The battery and the electric motor are connected as described above.

  The present invention further includes a battery capable of supplying electric power to the electric motor in the above-described vehicular cooling storage device, wherein the drive control unit selects the electric motor by the input selection mechanism. In this case, the power supply source to the electric motor is selected from the generator and the battery according to the selection signal of the output changeover switch.

  Moreover, the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-described vehicle cooling and storing apparatus, the output changeover switch is disposed in the heat insulating storage.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to select a power input destination for the compressor from the engine and the electric motor even when the engine is operated. Therefore, an optimal compressor drive source can be selected according to the heat load of the cooling unit, and the compressor can be efficiently driven from a high heat load to a low heat load.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a main configuration of a vehicular cooling storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2-1 is a side view conceptually showing a vehicle to which the cooling storage device shown in FIG. 1 is applied. FIG. 2B is a diagram of the vehicle shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a vehicular cooling storage device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a main part of a vehicular cooling storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and illustrates a cooling storage device mounted on a vehicle shown in FIGS. 2-1 and 2-2. Yes. The vehicle FT to which the cooling storage device is applied is a truck of a type called a cabover in which a traveling engine EG is mounted in a front portion of a body frame FM and a cabin CB is provided in an upper portion of the engine EG. is there. Although not clearly shown in the figure, inside the cabin CB, a driver's seat on which the driver is seated and an operation unit for operating the vehicle FT are provided.

  In this vehicle FT, a container (heat insulating storage) 10 made of a heat insulating material is mounted on a portion of the vehicle body frame FM that is behind the cabin CB. The container 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and constitutes a product storage area 11 for storing a product such as frozen food therein. On the rear wall of the container 10, a door 12 for taking in and out the merchandise with respect to the merchandise storage area 11 is provided. A unit housing 20 is provided on the front wall of the container 10 at a position above the cabin CB. The unit housing 20 is a box that communicates with the inside of the container 10 through the air outlet 21 and the air inlet 22, and accommodates the evaporator 23 therein. As shown in FIG. 1, the evaporator 23 constitutes a cooling unit 27 in which a refrigerant is circulated and supplied between a compressor 24, a condenser 25, and an expansion valve 26. As shown in FIG. 2A, the evaporator 23 passes air until the air sucked into the unit housing 20 through the suction port 22 is supplied into the container 10 through the blowout port 21. It is disposed in the region and has a function of cooling the passing air to a desired cooling temperature. Needless to say, the compressor 24, the condenser 25, and the expansion valve 26 of the cooling unit 27 are also mounted on the vehicle FT, although not explicitly shown in the drawing.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an input selection mechanism 30 is connected to the compressor 24 of the cooling unit 27. The input selection mechanism 30 is a mechanical component that operates according to a control signal from a drive control unit (drive control means) 100 described later, and selectively selects a power input destination for the compressor 24. For example, a clutch device is applied. An output end of an electric motor 32 is connected to one input end of the input selection mechanism 30 via a motor power transmission unit 31.

  The electric motor 32 rotates according to the electric power supplied from the motor drive unit 33 and is mounted on the vehicle FT. Although not explicitly shown in the figure, the motor drive unit 33 includes a converter circuit and an inverter circuit, and also includes a transistor switching circuit, and operates according to a control signal from the drive control unit 100 described later. The power source for the electric motor 32 is selected from a commercial power source (external power source) through the generator 34, the battery 35, and the external connection terminal 36. The motor drive unit 33 also has a function of storing, in the battery 35, supply power from the generator 34 or commercial power supplied via the external connection terminal 36.

  An output selection mechanism 37 is connected to the input end of the generator 34. The output selection mechanism 37 is a mechanical component that operates in response to a control signal from the drive control unit 100 to be described later and selectively selects a power output destination from the engine EG. For example, a clutch device is applied. Configured. A generator 34 is connected to one output end of the output selection mechanism 37.

  The other input end of the input selection mechanism 30 is connected to the other output end of the output selection mechanism 37 via an engine power transmission unit 39 provided with a speed change mechanism 38. The speed change mechanism 38 is switched in response to a control signal from the drive control unit 100 described later, and when the engine power transmission unit 39 is rotated by the engine EG, the rotation speed is appropriately changed to change the other speed of the input selection mechanism 30. Output to the input terminal.

  In addition, the vehicular cooling storage device includes a drive control unit 100. The drive control unit 100 is based on the door switch 101, the internal temperature sensor 102, the input changeover switch 103, the output changeover switch 104, the engine key switch 105, the output signal from the motor drive unit 33 and data stored in the memory 106 in advance. The operation of the input selection mechanism 30, the motor drive unit 33, the speed change mechanism 38, and the output selection mechanism 37 is controlled. The door switch 101 is provided between the container 10 and the door 12, as shown in FIGS. 2-1 and 2-2, and detects whether or not the door 12 is open. The internal temperature sensor 102 is disposed inside the container 10 and detects the temperature of the product storage area 11. The input changeover switch 103 is a switch for outputting a command signal for operating the input selection mechanism 30, and the output changeover switch 104 is a switch for outputting a command signal for operating the output selection mechanism 37. is there. The input changeover switch 103 and the output changeover switch 104 are provided in a position where the driver can operate in the cabin CB, and also provided in the commodity storage area 11 of the container 10. The engine key switch 105 is a switch for starting the engine EG. The engine key switch 105 is disposed at a position where the driver can operate inside the cabin CB, and can be operated only when the driver inserts a key.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the drive control unit 100 includes a thermal load calculation unit 110, a mode selection unit 111, a battery monitoring unit 112, and a changeover switch monitoring unit 113. The thermal load calculation unit 110 calculates a deviation between the output result of the internal temperature sensor 102 and a preset target temperature (for example, −20 ° C. in the case of frozen food), and the deviation is preset. It is compared whether the threshold value is exceeded. When the deviation exceeds the threshold value, a signal indicating that the state is a high thermal load state is output, and when the deviation is equal to or less than the threshold value, a signal indicating that the state is a low thermal load state is output. The mode selection unit 111 selects an operation mode of the compressor 24 based on output signals from the heat load calculation unit 110 and output signals from the door switch 101 and the engine key switch 105.

  In the present embodiment, three operation modes of a rapid operation mode, a steady operation mode, and an engine stop operation mode are set in advance, and these operation modes are alternatively selected by the mode selection unit 111. .

  In the rapid operation mode, power from the engine EG is output to the engine power transmission unit 39 by the output selection mechanism 37, and the engine power transmission unit 39 is selected as an input destination of power to the compressor 24 by the input selection mechanism 30. .

  On the other hand, in the steady operation mode, power from the engine EG is output to the generator 34 by the output selection mechanism 37, and the electric motor 32 is selected as an input destination of power to the compressor 24 by the input selection mechanism 30. .

  Further, in the engine stop operation mode, when the engine EG is stopped in the steady operation mode, the motor drive unit 33 is configured so that the electric motor 32 can be driven by the commercial power source connected to the battery 35 or the external connection terminal 36. The switching circuit is switched. Whether or not the engine EG is stopped is determined based on the output signal from the engine key switch 105 or when the door 12 of the container 10 is opened for a preset time by the door switch 101. It can also be determined that the engine EG has stopped. This is because when the door switch 101 is opened for a long time, the goods are often put in and out of the goods storage area 11 of the container 10, and the vehicle FT is stopped, that is, the engine EG is stopped. This is because it can be regarded as a state. When the switching circuit of the motor drive unit 33 is switched so that the electric motor 32 can be driven by the battery 35, the battery 35 is switched to the electric motor 32 even when the engine key switch 105 is turned off. The two are connected so that power can be supplied. However, when the battery monitoring unit 112 described later determines that the stored voltage of the battery 35 is lower than the threshold value, the electric motor 32 can be driven only by a commercial power source connected to the external connection terminal 36. The switching circuit of the motor drive unit 33 is switched.

  The battery monitoring unit 112 monitors the storage voltage of the battery 35, and switches the switching circuit of the motor driving unit 33 so that the battery 35 can be charged while driving the electric motor 32 when the storage voltage falls below a threshold value. . The power source for charging the battery 35 is power supplied from the generator 34 when the generator 34 is driven, and is supplied via the external connection terminal 36 when a commercial power source is connected. Power. In any case, while the electric motor 32 is being driven, the driving of the electric motor 32 is prioritized and the battery 35 operates so as to be stored only when there is a surplus in the supplied power.

  The changeover switch monitoring unit 113 monitors a command signal from the input changeover switch 103 or the output changeover switch 104, and when the command signal is output, the input selection mechanism 30 and the output selection mechanism 37 are switched according to each command signal. Make it work. However, the present invention is not limited to this when the input selection mechanism 30 and the output selection mechanism 37 are selected so that the compressor 24 cannot be driven. That is, even when the engine power transmission unit 39 is selected by the output selection mechanism 37, the electric motor 32 can be driven by the battery 35 or the commercial power source, so that the input motor 30 can be selected by the input selection mechanism 30. When the generator 34 is selected by the output selection mechanism 37, the engine power transmission unit 39 cannot be selected by the input selection mechanism 30. Similarly, even when the electric motor 32 is selected by the input selection mechanism 30, the engine power transmission unit 39 can be selected by the output selection mechanism 37, but the engine power transmission unit 39 is selected by the input selection mechanism 30. In the state, the generator 34 cannot be selected by the output selection mechanism 37.

  Hereinafter, the processing content of the drive control part 100 is demonstrated and the characteristic part of the cooling storage apparatus for vehicles is explained in full detail collectively. First, the drive control unit 100 constantly monitors command signals from the input changeover switch 103 and the output changeover switch 104 via the changeover switch monitoring unit 113. When no command signal is output from any of the change-over switches 103 and 104, the thermal load calculation unit 110 calculates whether the current thermal load is a high thermal load state or a low thermal load state, and a mode selection unit. The operation mode is selected through 111.

  For example, when the vehicle FT has not been used for a long time, the product storage area 11 of the container 10 is often in the almost same state as the room temperature, and the heat load calculation unit 110 determines that it is in a high heat load state. Then, the rapid operation mode is selected by the mode selection unit 111. As a result, the compressor 24 of the cooling unit 27 is directly driven by the power of the engine EG, and the compressor 24 is continuously and efficiently rotated at a high speed, so that the goods stored in the container 10 can be stored in a short time. It becomes possible to cool the zone 11 to a desired temperature.

  After the product storage area 11 of the container 10 is cooled to a desired temperature, the product storage area 11 is in a low heat load state unless the door 12 of the container 10 is opened for a long time. When the low heat load state is calculated through the heat load calculation unit 110, the steady operation mode is selected through the mode selection unit 111. As a result, the generator 34 is driven by the rotation of the engine EG, and the electric motor 32 is driven by the electric power supplied from the generator 34. The compressor 24 of the cooling unit 27 is driven by the power of the electric motor 32. Will be driven.

  In this steady operation mode, the voltage and frequency of the electric power supplied from the generator 34 via the inverter circuit of the motor drive unit 33 can be changed to finely change the speed of the electric motor 32, and complicated control can be performed. The compressor 24 can be finely operated without being accompanied. Moreover, in the steady operation mode, when the battery monitoring unit 112 detects that the stored voltage of the battery 35 is below the threshold, the switching circuit of the motor drive unit 33 is switched so that the battery 35 can be charged. In the engine stop operation mode, the drive time of the electric motor 32 by the battery 35 can be sufficiently secured.

  On the other hand, in the state where the engine EG is stopped, the rapid operation mode and the steady operation mode cannot be performed. For this reason, the drive control unit 100 that has detected that the engine EG has been stopped can select the engine stop operation mode and drive the electric motor 32 by the commercial power source connected to the battery 35 or the external connection terminal 36. Thus, the switching circuit of the motor drive unit 33 is switched. That is, the electric motor 32 is selected by the input selection mechanism 30 as a power input destination for the compressor 24, and the electric motor 32 can be driven by a commercial power source connected to the battery 35 or the external connection terminal 36. The switching circuit of the unit 33 is switched. Even in this engine stop operation mode, the speed and speed of the electric motor 32 can be finely changed by changing the voltage and frequency of the electric power supplied from the generator 34 via the inverter circuit of the motor drive unit 33, which is complicated. The compressor 24 can be finely operated without any control.

  When command signals from the input changeover switch 103 and the output changeover switch 104 are detected, the input selection mechanism 30 and the output selection mechanism 37 are switched according to the respective command signals via the changeover switch monitoring unit 113, and the operation is started. One of the operation modes described above is forcibly selected by the person.

  As described above, according to the vehicular cooling storage device, it is possible to select the power input destination for the compressor 24 from the engine EG and the electric motor 32 even when the engine EG is operated. Therefore, the optimum driving source of the compressor 24 can be selected according to the heat load of the cooling unit 27, and the compressor 24 can be efficiently driven from the time of high heat load to the time of low heat load. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Container 11 Commodity storage area 12 Door 20 Unit housing 21 Outlet 22 Suction port 23 Evaporator 24 Compressor 25 Condenser 26 Expansion valve 27 Cooling unit 30 Input selection mechanism 31 Motor power transmission part 32 Electric motor 33 Motor drive part 34 Generator 35 Battery 36 External connection terminal 37 Output selection mechanism 39 Engine power transmission unit 100 Drive control unit 101 Door switch 102 Internal temperature sensor 103 Input changeover switch 104 Output changeover switch 105 Engine key switch 106 Memory 110 Thermal load calculation unit 111 Mode selection Unit 112 battery monitoring unit 113 changeover switch monitoring unit CB cabin EG engine FT vehicle

Claims (12)

An electric motor mounted on the vehicle;
A cooling unit for cooling the inside of the heat insulating storage mounted on the vehicle;
An input selection mechanism that is connected to a compressor that compresses the refrigerant in the cooling unit and that can select a power input destination;
An engine power transmission unit for transmitting engine power to the input selection mechanism;
A motor power transmission unit that transmits power of the electric motor to the input selection mechanism;
And a drive control means for selecting an input destination of power to the compressor from the engine and the electric motor when the engine is operated by operating the input selection mechanism. Cooling storage device. A generator for supplying power to the electric motor;
An output selection mechanism that is interposed in the engine power transmission unit and that can select an output destination of power from the engine from the generator and the input selection mechanism;
The drive control means outputs the power of the engine to the generator when the electric motor is selected by the input selection mechanism, and when the engine power transmission unit is selected by the input selection mechanism, The vehicular cooling storage device according to claim 1, wherein the output selection mechanism is operated so that power is output to the input selection mechanism.   2. The vehicle cooling storage according to claim 1, wherein the drive control unit operates the output selection mechanism so as to selectively output the power of the engine to the generator and the input selection mechanism. apparatus. A battery capable of supplying electric power to the electric motor;
When the electric motor is selected by the input selection mechanism, the drive control means supplies power to the electric motor from the generator and the battery according to the operation state of the engine and the storage state of the battery. The cooling storage device for a vehicle according to claim 1, which is selected.   The drive control means monitors the heat load of the cooling unit, and drives the compressor by the engine when the heat load of the cooling unit exceeds a threshold value, while the heat load of the cooling unit is less than the threshold value. The vehicular cooling storage device according to claim 1, wherein the compressor is driven by the electric motor.   The drive control means selects a drive source of the compressor from the engine and the electric motor using a deviation between an internal temperature of the heat insulating storage and a preset target temperature as a heat load of a cooling unit. The vehicle cooling storage device according to claim 5.   The vehicular cooling storage device according to claim 1, wherein the drive control means selects a drive source of the compressor from the engine and the electric motor in accordance with a selection signal of an input changeover switch. Connecting the generator and the battery so that the power supplied from the generator can be stored in the battery;
The drive control unit monitors the storage state of the battery, and stores the surplus power in the battery while the power of the engine is output to the generator by the output selection mechanism when the battery can be stored. The vehicular cooling storage device according to claim 4. An external connection terminal that can be connected to an external power supply is further provided.
5. The vehicular cooling and storing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the drive control means accumulates electric power supplied from an external power source in the battery when an external power source is connected via the external connection terminal. .   The battery and the electric motor are connected so that electric power can be supplied from the battery to the electric motor even when an engine key switch for turning on / off the engine is turned off. The cooling storage device for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein A battery capable of supplying electric power to the electric motor;
The drive control means, when selecting the electric motor by the input selection mechanism, selects a power supply source to the electric motor from the generator and the battery according to a selection signal of an output changeover switch. The cooling storage device for a vehicle according to claim 1.   The vehicular cooling storage device according to claim 11, wherein the output changeover switch is disposed in the heat insulating storage.

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