JP2013111712A - Polishing method and polishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polishing method and a polishing device that can efficiently polish a hard material.SOLUTION: When a member 23 to be polished is polished using a polishing device 10 including a grindstone 14 containing many abrasive grains 16 and a drive portion 17 rotation-driving the grindstone 14, the polishing device is used which includes: a filling-up working member 18 for performing filling-up working of an abrasive surface 15 of the grindstone 14; filling-up working member holding means 20 which holds and fixes the filling-up working member 18 and is provided movably; and a control portion which controls the drive portion 17 and filling-up working member holding means 20. When the member 23 to be polished is polished, the control portion moves the filling-up working member holding means 20 to always press the filling-up working member 18 to the abrasive surface 15, and polishes the member 23 to be polished while performing control so that a blind state of the abrasive grains 16 may be constant.

Description

  The present invention relates to a polishing method and a polishing apparatus capable of performing precision polishing such as mirror finishing of a material to be polished, and more specifically, crushing of a grindstone formed of a material made of a hard material such as sintered diamond (PCD). The present invention relates to a polishing method and a polishing apparatus capable of performing precision polishing such as mirror processing of a material to be polished made of a hard material such as sintered diamond while constantly controlling the state.

  Conventionally, mirror surface processing (also referred to as “mirror surface finishing”) is performed in which the surface of a workpiece, which is a member to be polished formed of a hard material such as PCD, is polished and polished like a mirror. The reason for performing such mirror finishing is not only to make the surface look like a mirror, but also to make the cutting surface of the cutter wheel smooth by, for example, mirror finishing the cutter blade part of the cutter wheel. It is because it can be made. A grindstone used in a polishing apparatus or the like that performs polishing such as mirror finishing will cause clogging, clogging, and spilling, resulting in poor polishing efficiency. At that time, dressing that removes the part of the binding material of the grindstone is performed, and new abrasive grains are appropriately made to appear on the polished surface, so that polishing such as clogging can be adjusted and polishing can be performed again. . This dressing is performed regularly according to the use condition of the grindstone.

  However, since the grinding stones that have just been sharpened vary in the amount of protrusion of the abrasive grains and are not uniform, there is a risk that the polishing accuracy will deteriorate due to scratches on the workpiece to be polished. Therefore, conventionally, in order to adjust the protrusion amount of the abrasive grains with respect to the sharpened grindstone, for example, crushing is performed using a dummy work such as white stone to adjust the protrusion amount of the abrasive grains. .

  As such an example, Patent Document 1 below discloses an invention of a grinding method that reliably prevents a workpiece from being processed poorly. In the invention described in Patent Document 1 below, in a grinding method in which a workpiece is inserted and arranged between a pair of grindstones and the workpiece is ground while rotating the grindstone against the workpiece, a dummy having the same shape as the workpiece is used instead of the workpiece. The workpiece is inserted and disposed between the two grindstones, and while rotating the dummy workpiece, the grinding action surfaces of the two grindstones are brought into rotational contact with the dummy workpiece to dress the grinding action surface of the grindstone. And by having such a structure, according to invention of following patent document 1, when the grinding action surface of an upper and lower whetstone is rotationally contacted with the dummy workpiece | work replaced with a workpiece | work, the grinding action of both whetstones is carried out. Since the surface is dressed, the sharpness of the abrasive grains of each wheel segment in the upper and lower wheels can be made uniform, so even if the regular workpiece is ground after dressing the upper and lower wheels, the workpiece will not work correctly It is possible to prevent the workpiece from being ground unnecessarily.

  Patent Document 2 below discloses an invention related to a dressing device and a dressing method for a grinding wheel. In the invention described in Patent Document 2 below, a dressing tool having a dressing member, and a drive for driving the dressing tool so that the dressing member moves along the grinding wheel surface of the grinding wheel in a direction different from the moving direction of the grinding wheel surface. In the grinding wheel dressing apparatus comprising the means, the dressing member includes a sharpening grindstone that is in sliding contact with the grindstone surface and a steel material that is in sliding contact with the grindstone surface. And by having such a structure, according to the invention described in Patent Document 2 below, the grinding wheel is sharpened and crushed approximately in parallel only by rotating the dressing tool a predetermined number of times by the driving means. Therefore, the crushing process can be completed in substantially the same time as the time required for dressing only with the conventional sharpening process, and the workpiece grinding efficiency can be improved.

JP 2000-006019 A JP 2005-084443 A

  According to the invention of Patent Document 1, the sharpening of abrasive grains can be made uniform, and according to the invention of Patent Document 2, sharpening and crushing can be performed substantially in parallel. become. However, these treatments are performed periodically, and if the surface of the grindstone becomes irregular during the polishing of the workpiece, the surface is polished with an irregular grindstone. become. In addition, when the workpiece to be polished is a hard member such as PCD, there is a greater risk of a problem with the grindstone.

  In general, when the PCD material is mirror-finished, if the grindstone side is clogged, the mirror-finishing is effective. That is, if polishing is continued using a grindstone, as the surface of the member to be polished becomes smooth, the abrasive grains of the grindstone gradually become clogged or clogged. As a result, the sharpness of the grindstone is reduced but the polishing effect is improved. It comes to be demonstrated. However, since it is difficult to control the crushing state of the grindstone to a certain level, the conventional mirror surface processing does not perform dressing of the polishing surface, and the mirror surface processing is performed while continuously crushing for several tens of hours by dry polishing. As a result, work efficiency is very poor.

  As a result of repeating various experiments to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the inventor continuously controls the crushing state of the abrasive grains on the grinding surface of the grindstone to maintain the optimum crushing state for mirror finishing. As a result, it has been found that it is possible to perform mirror finishing superior to that of the prior art, and the present invention has been completed.

  That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a polishing method capable of carrying out precise polishing such as mirror processing of a material to be polished by constantly performing dressing on the polishing surface of the grindstone to control the crushing state of the grindstone to be constant. And providing a polishing apparatus.

In order to achieve the above object, the polishing method of the present invention is a polishing method for polishing a member to be polished by rotationally driving a grindstone containing a large number of abrasive grains.
When the member to be polished is polished, polishing is performed while a crushing member is always brought into contact with the polishing surface of the grindstone, and the crushing state of the abrasive grains is controlled to be constant.

When a member to be polished made of a hard material is polished by a conventional polishing method, the polishing surface is worn and the polishing surface becomes non-uniform, and if the polishing is advanced on this polishing surface, the polishing accuracy of the member to be polished deteriorates. There is a fear. According to the polishing method of the present invention, the crushing member is provided, and the movement of the crushing member is controlled and pressed against the polishing surface of the grindstone so that the uneven portion of the polishing surface formed during polishing is always clogged with the crushing member. Since it can always be adjusted to a flat state, the member to be polished can be polished excellently. In addition, as a member to be polished made of a hard material to which the present invention can be applied, sintered diamond, natural diamond, synthetic single crystal diamond or synthetic polycrystalline diamond, silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), zirconia (ZrO ₂ ), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), cubic boron nitride (CBN), cemented carbide such as sialon (Si ₃ N ₄ —Al ₂ O ₃ ), and cemented carbide such as tungsten carbide (WC) , Cermet and the like.

  In the polishing method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a material made of a material having the same composition as the member to be polished as the crushing member.

  According to the present invention, the material of the crushing member and the material of the member to be polished have the same composition, so that the crushing state of the abrasive grains on the grinding surface of the grindstone is continuously controlled, and the crushing state optimal for mirror finishing Thus, the crushing can be performed efficiently and excellent polishing can be performed.

  In the polishing method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a member containing sintered diamond as the member to be polished and the crushing member.

  According to the present invention, even when sintered diamond having a very high hardness is used for the member to be polished, the conspicuousness can be crushed efficiently by using the same sintered diamond as the member to be polished as the crushing member. It is possible to keep the crushing state constant.

  In the polishing method of the present invention, it is preferable that the contact pressure of the crushing member is a feed rate of 1.5 to 5 μm / sec.

  According to the present invention, by controlling and pressing the crushing member at a feed rate in the range of 1.5 to 5 μm / sec, it is possible to crush the setting more uniformly and to make the grindstone flat. become.

Further, in the polishing apparatus of the present invention, in a polishing apparatus comprising a grindstone containing a large number of abrasive grains, and a drive unit that rotationally drives the grindstone,
The polishing apparatus includes a crushing member that crushes the polishing surface of the grinding wheel,
Holding and fixing the crushing member, the crushing member holding means provided movably,
A control unit for controlling the driving unit and the crushing member holding means;
When the polishing member is polished, the control unit moves the crushing member holding means to press the crushing member against the polishing surface, and controls the crushing state of the abrasive grains to be constant. However, the member to be polished is controlled to be polished.

  According to the polishing apparatus of the present invention, the crushing member is provided, and the movement of the crushing member is controlled and pressed against the polishing surface of the grindstone, thereby crushing the uneven portion of the polishing surface formed during polishing. The member is crushed uniformly and the grinding surface of the grindstone is always adjusted to a flat state, so that excellent precision polishing can be performed on the member to be polished.

  Further, in the polishing apparatus of the present invention, a member containing sintered diamond can be used as the member to be polished and the crushing member.

  According to the present invention, even if the member to be polished is high-hardness sintered diamond, the material of the crushing member includes the same sintered diamond as that of the member to be polished, so that the abrasive grains on the polishing surface of the grindstone can be obtained. The crushing state can be continuously controlled, and the crushing state optimal for mirror finishing can be maintained and the crushing can be performed efficiently and uniformly.

It is a perspective view of the polish device which enforces the polish method of an embodiment. It is a schematic diagram explaining the grinding | polishing method using the grinding | polishing apparatus of FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of the polishing surface, FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of a state in which a crushing member is pressed against the polishing surface, and FIG. 3C is an enlarged view showing a state in which abrasive grains on the polishing surface are crushed. . It is the schematic diagram showing the example of the other grinding | polishing apparatus. 5A to 5H are diagrams showing examples of a grinding wheel used in a polishing apparatus.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below shows an example of a polishing method and a polishing apparatus for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention is intended to specify the polishing method and the polishing apparatus. Rather, the invention is equally applicable to other embodiments within the scope of the claims. Further, in the drawings shown below, in order to make it easy to understand each component, the scale of each component is appropriately changed, and it is not necessarily shown according to actual dimensions or angles.

  First, a polishing apparatus 10 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The polishing apparatus 10 includes a grinding wheel 14 that polishes a workpiece 23, an electric motor 17 that drives the grinding wheel 14, a crushing member 18 that crushes the polishing surface 15 of the grinding wheel 14, and the crushing member 18 includes The crushing member holding means 20 which is held and fixed and moved, a control unit (not shown) for controlling the electric motor 17 and the crushing member holding means 20, and the apparatus main body 11 provided with them.

  The grinding wheel 14 has a predetermined diameter and a predetermined width by mixing abrasive particles 16 that are extremely hard and fine particles such as aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride (CBN), and diamond with a binder. A large number of pores are formed between the abrasive grains 16 and the binder. The abrasive grains 16 are appropriately selected according to the member of the work 23. In the present embodiment, a workpiece made of sintered diamond is used, and sintered diamond is used as the abrasive.

  The grinding wheel 14 is formed with a through hole in the center, and is coupled to a motor 17 as a drive unit by a shaft. The grinding wheel 14 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the motor 17.

  The apparatus main body 11 is a part including the grinding wheel 14 and the electric motor 17, and the grinding wheel 14 is covered with a grindstone cover 11 a of the apparatus main body 11 except for a part used for polishing. The grindstone cover 11a is provided with a scraping plate 12 that prevents scraps generated during polishing, a blade receiver 13 that supports the workpiece 23 to be polished, and the like.

  Further, the apparatus main body 11 is provided with a crushing member 18 and a crushing member holding means 20 for holding and fixing the crushing member 18 movably. The crushing member holding means 20 presses the crushing member 18 against the polishing surface 15 of the grinding wheel 14 with a constant pressing force during polishing of the work 23.

The crushing member 18 has a crushing surface 19 having a predetermined area pressed against the polishing surface 15 and is formed in a cubic shape. The crushing surface 19 has a hardness capable of crushing the abrasive grains 16 of the grinding wheel 14 and is formed of a member that is the same as or harder than the hardness of the workpiece 23. For example, if the workpiece 23 is formed of sintered diamond, the crushing member 18 having the crushing surface 19 formed of sintered diamond can be used. In addition, as a workpiece member that can be applied, in addition to sintered diamond, natural diamond, synthetic single crystal diamond or synthetic polycrystalline diamond, silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), zirconia (ZrO ₂ ), Examples include carbide ceramics such as silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), cubic boron nitride (CBN), and sialon (Si ₃ N ₄ —Al ₂ O ₃ ), carbide metals such as tungsten carbide (WC), and cermets. It is done. All of the crushing members 18 may be formed of the same material, but only the crushing surface 19 pressed against the polishing surface 15 may be formed of a hard member.

  The crushing member holding means 20 includes a holding / fixing portion 21 that holds and fixes the crushing member 18, and an arm portion 22 that is connected to the holding / fixing portion 21 and can freely move the holding / fixing portion 21. ing. The arm unit 22 is attached to the apparatus main body 11 and is driven by a signal from a control unit described later to move the holding and fixing unit 21 and the crushing member 18 to a predetermined position.

  Although not shown, the apparatus main body 11 is provided with a control unit that controls the rotation speed of the electric motor 17 and the movement of the crushing member holding means 20. This control may be programmed in advance or may be input at every work. In the present embodiment, the crushing member 18 is configured to be put in and out of the opening 11b of the grindstone cover 11a and press the crushing member 18 against the polishing surface of the grinding wheel 14.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, a polishing method using the polishing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment will be described. 2 shows a state in which the grindstone cover 11a of the apparatus main body 11 is removed. As shown in FIG. 3A, the polishing surface 15 is in a state where the abrasive grains 16 protrude from the polishing surface 15 and the tip is sharply pointed. In this embodiment, the abrasive grains 16 on the polishing surface 15 are made constant and crushed to an optimum state for polishing. That is, when polishing, as shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece 23 is pressed against the rotating grinding wheel 14 to perform polishing. In this embodiment, the grinding wheel 14 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B. As described above, the crushing member 18 is pressed against the polishing surface 15 by the crushing member holding means 20, and the abrasive grains 16 protruding from the polishing surface 15 are always clogged. FIG. 3C shows a state in which the crushing member 18 is separated from the polishing surface 15. And this press is controlled by the control part provided in the apparatus main body 11, and the arm part of the crushing member holding part is adjusted so that the crushing state of the abrasive grains 16 of the grinding wheel 14 becomes constant, and the polishing surface The pressing force for pressing the crushing member is controlled.

  By doing in this way, the non-uniform portion of the polished surface formed during polishing can be crushed by the crushing member and can always be adjusted to a flat state, so that excellent polishing can be performed on the member to be polished. It becomes possible to perform precision polishing such as excellent mirror finish. In addition, more excellent polishing can be performed by controlling the feed speed of the crushing member in the range of 1.5 to 5 μm / sec.

  In the present embodiment, the example in which the crushing member is provided on the longitudinally rotating grinding wheel has been shown. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and as shown in FIG. 4, the crushing member may be provided on the laterally rotating grinding wheel. Good. Further, the crushing member can be provided on grinding wheels 14A to 14H having various shapes as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5H, and the crushing member 18 is provided on these polishing surfaces 15, thereby enabling the present embodiment and Similar effects can be achieved. 5A is a flat type, FIG. 5B is a ring type, FIG. 5C is a single dent type, FIG. 5D is a straight cup type, FIG. 5E is a double dent type, FIG. 5F is a tapered cup type, FIG. 5G is a flat type, FIG. It is a flat type for mushrooms. Further, the crushing member is not limited to a cubic shape, but can be changed to any shape depending on the shape of the grinding wheel used and the convenience of the user.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Polishing apparatus 11: Apparatus main body 11a: Grinding wheel cover 11b: Opening part 12: Scrap board 13: Blade holder 14: Grinding wheel 15: Polishing surface 16: Abrasive grain 17: Electric motor (drive part) 18: Closing member 19 : Crushing surface 20: crushing member holding means 21: holding and fixing part 22: arm part 23: work

Claims (6)

In a polishing method for polishing a member to be polished by rotationally driving a grindstone containing a large number of abrasive grains,
When polishing the member to be polished, a polishing method is characterized in that the polishing member is always brought into contact with the polishing surface of the grindstone and polishing is performed while controlling the state of the crushing of the abrasive grains to be constant. .   The polishing method according to claim 1, wherein the crushing member is made of a material having the same composition as the member to be polished.   The polishing method according to claim 2, wherein a member containing sintered diamond is used as the member to be polished and the crushing member.   The polishing method according to claim 3, wherein a feed speed of the crushing member is 1.5 to 5 μm / sec. In a polishing apparatus comprising a grindstone containing a large number of abrasive grains and a drive unit that rotationally drives the grindstone,
The polishing apparatus includes a crushing member that crushes the polishing surface of the grinding wheel,
Holding and fixing the crushing member, the crushing member holding means provided movably,
A control unit for controlling the driving unit and the crushing member holding means;
When the polishing member is polished, the control unit moves the crushing member holding means to press the crushing member against the polishing surface, and controls the crushing state of the abrasive grains to be constant. The polishing apparatus is controlled so as to polish the member to be polished.   6. The polishing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a member containing sintered diamond is used as the member to be polished and the crushing member.

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