JP2013107762A - Damage quantity display device of swivel working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a damage quantity display device of a swivel working machine capable of preventing a member at a specific location of a base carriage from causing fatigue breakdown at an early stage even when exclusively doing drainer work at harbor loading and unloading or the like in order to significantly lengthen the fatigue life of the base carriage.SOLUTION: In the swivel working machine, an upper swivel body is loaded on a base carriage rotatably for 360 degrees around a swivel center and an attachment is arranged on the upper swivel body. The damage quantity display device of the swivel working machine includes a measurement means 41 which measures a load imparted on the base carriage in the course of work using the attachment for each predetermined swivel range around the center of base carriage, an operation means 42 which computes a damage quantity for each predetermined swivel range on each base carriage based on the load measured for each predetermined swivel range by the measurement means, and a display means 43 which displays the damage quantity computed for each predetermined swivel range by the operation means.

Description

  The present invention relates to a damage amount display device for displaying a damage amount applied to a lower traveling body of a swing work machine such as a crane or an excavator.

  In general, a swivel work machine such as a crane or an excavator can turn 360 degrees around a turning center (center of a turning bearing) with a lower traveling body traveling by a wheel or a crawler, and a rotating bearing interposed on the lower traveling body. And an attachment provided on the upper swing body. Here, in the case of a crane, an attachment is a work that is suspended by a hook that is suspended from the tip of a boom, and in the case of an excavator, an operation such as excavation is performed by a bucket that is provided at the end of an arm. .

  By the way, in recent years, for such a turning work machine, various devices and the like for setting an appropriate replacement time for each member by quantitative evaluation of the work amount and suppressing the occurrence of a major trouble in the machine have been proposed, It is publicly known. For example, in Patent Document 1, as a device for evaluating a work history of a crane, a detection means for detecting a work radius of a boom, a suspension load and a work time, and a moment which is a product of the work radius of the boom and the suspension load are used. A computing means for obtaining a moment time obtained by further multiplying the time, or a moment power time obtained by further multiplying the power of the moment by a work time, and an evaluation means for evaluating the work history of the crane based on the moment time or the moment power time. What is provided is described. Also, in Patent Document 2, as a data processing device for a construction machine, a damage amount calculating means for calculating an actual damage amount applied to the engine, and a correspondence relationship between the magnitude of the damage amount and the engine life are set in advance. A correspondence relationship setting means and a life prediction means for obtaining an engine life corresponding to the actual damage amount calculated by the damage amount calculation means based on the correspondence relation set by the correspondence relationship setting means. Have been described.

JP 2007-204208 A JP 2001-11900 A

  However, none of the above-mentioned conventionally known ones measure the load or damage amount of the lower traveling body of the swivel work machine, and cannot contribute to extending its life. In other words, the load or damage applied to each member of the lower traveling body of the rotary work machine varies greatly depending on the working state in which the upper swinging body is directed, but this is completely considered. Absent. In particular, in the case of a swivel work machine that exclusively performs draining (landing) work such as cargo handling at a port, the upper swivel of the work machine often repeats work within a predetermined swivel range. Since no countermeasure is taken, a member at a specific portion of the lower traveling body may cause fatigue failure at an early stage.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the problem is that the load or damage applied to the lower traveling body of the swivel work machine at the time of work is determined based on the predetermined turning around the turning center of the lower turning body. By calculating for each range and informing the operator, even if the drainage work such as harbor cargo handling is performed exclusively, the operator will take appropriate measures to prevent the member at a specific part of the lower traveling body from fatigue early. It is an object of the present invention to provide a damage amount display device for a swivel work machine that can suppress and significantly extend the fatigue life of the lower traveling body.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is directed to a swivel work in which an upper swing body is mounted on a lower traveling body so as to be capable of rotating 360 degrees around a swing center, and an attachment is provided on the upper swing body. As a machine damage amount display device, a measuring means for measuring a load applied to the lower traveling body during work by the attachment for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body, and a predetermined turning measured by the measuring means Calculation means for calculating a damage amount for each predetermined turning range applied to the lower traveling body based on a load for each range, and a display means for displaying the damage amount for each predetermined turning range calculated by the calculation means. Make the configuration.

  In this configuration, the load or damage amount applied to the lower traveling body during work by the attachment is calculated for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body, and the damage amount for each turning range is displayed by the display means. The operator who sees this display will take appropriate countermeasures such that the amount of damage for each turning range is uniform. For example, in the case of a swivel work machine that exclusively performs draining work such as harbor handling, the upper swing body often repeats work within a predetermined swivel range, and the lower traveling body has a specific swivel range corresponding to this work. Although the amount of damage is greater than that of other turning ranges, the operator can equalize the amount of damage for each turning range of the lower traveling body by changing the direction of the lower traveling body during draining work, etc. it can.

  The invention according to claim 2 provides a preferable form of the measuring means in the damage amount display device for the turning work machine according to claim 1. That is, the measuring means is configured by a plurality of load detectors that are installed for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body and that respectively detect the load at the installation location. In this configuration, since the load is detected by each of the plurality of load detectors installed for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body, the load measurement accuracy for each turning range, and hence the amount of damage for each turning range. The calculation accuracy of can be improved.

The invention according to claim 3 provides a more specific form of the calculation means in the damage amount display device for the swing work machine according to claim 1 or 2. That is, the calculation means obtains an equivalent load Feq with which the amount of damage is equivalent according to the following formula using the load Fi and the number of times Ni during work for each predetermined turning range,
Feq = {Σ (Ni × Fi ^m ) / ΣNi} ^{1 / m}
Here, m is the slope of the fatigue strength diagram of the steel sheet constituting the lower traveling body, and further, this equivalent load Feq is multiplied by the total number of times ΣNi to calculate the damage amount for each predetermined turning range.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the damage amount display device for a swing type work machine according to the third aspect, when the calculation means calculates the damage amount for each predetermined turning range, the maximum value among the damage amounts On the other hand, the display means is configured to display the ratio of the damage amount for each predetermined turning range with respect to the maximum value together with or instead of the damage amount for each predetermined turning range. To do. In this configuration, the display means displays the ratio of the damage amount for each predetermined turning range to the maximum value together with or instead of the damage amount for each predetermined turning range. The operator can easily determine which turning range has the greatest damage amount.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the damage amount display device for a swing work machine according to the third or fourth aspect, the calculating means constitutes the lower traveling body when calculating the damage amount for each predetermined turning range. While calculating the ratio of the amount of damage to the fatigue life set in consideration of the joint grade of the steel plate, the display means is provided with a predetermined turning range together with or instead of the damage amount for each predetermined turning range. The ratio of the damage amount to the fatigue life is displayed. In this configuration, the display means displays the ratio of the damage amount with respect to the fatigue life for each predetermined turning range together with or instead of the damage amount for each predetermined turning range. Can grasp the ratio of the damage amount with respect to the fatigue life for each predetermined turning range, and for example, when performing a service diagnosis, it is possible to appropriately carry out inspection points and inspection contents.

  As described above, according to the damage amount display device of the swing type work machine in the present invention, the damage amount applied to the lower traveling body during work by the attachment is calculated for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body, Since the amount of damage for each turning range is displayed, the operator who sees this display can take appropriate measures to equalize the amount of damage for each turning range of the lower traveling body. The fatigue life can be greatly extended.

  In particular, in the invention according to claim 2, since the load is detected by each of a plurality of load detectors installed for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body, the measurement accuracy of the load for each turning range, The calculation accuracy of the damage amount for each turning range can be increased, which can contribute to the improvement of reliability.

  Further, in the invention according to claim 4, since the ratio of the damage amount for each predetermined turning range to the maximum value is displayed by the display means together with the damage amount for each predetermined turning range or instead of the damage amount. The operator who sees this display can easily determine which turning range has the largest damage amount, and can enhance the display effect.

  Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 5, since the ratio of the damage amount with respect to the fatigue life for each predetermined turning range is displayed by the display means together with the damage amount for each predetermined turning range or instead of this damage amount, The operator who sees this display can grasp the ratio of the damage amount with respect to the fatigue life for each predetermined turning range, and there is also an effect that the inspection location and the inspection content in the case of the service diagnosis can be appropriately performed. .

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a working posture of a wheel crane according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the same. FIG. 3 is a plan view when the draining operation is performed using the wheel crane. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the damage amount display device. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the load and the number of times. FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between fatigue life and stress range.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments that are modes for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1 and 2 show a wheel crane A as a turning work machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wheel crane A has a lower traveling body 4 having a front axle 1 of one axis and rear wheels 2 and 3 of two axes, and a turning bearing 5 on the lower traveling body 4 to turn 360 degrees around the turning center. An upper swing body 6 that can be mounted, a crane device 7 as an attachment provided on the upper swing body 6, and a driver's cab during travel and an operation room during work provided at the front of the upper swing body 6. And a cab 8 that also serves as a vehicle.

  The lower traveling body 4 includes a front outrigger 11 on the front side of the front wheel 1 and a rear outrigger 12 on the rear side of the rear wheel 3. As shown in FIG. 2 in the case of the front outrigger 11, both the outriggers 11 and 12 are X-types in which a pair of left and right outrigger beams 13L and 13R expands and contracts toward the ground. , 13R are extendable in the longitudinal direction by a built-in horizontal cylinder (not shown), and the outrigger beam 13L by a vertical cylinder 14 provided between the outrigger beams 13L, 13R and the lower traveling body 6 side. , 13R are provided so as to be swingable around a mounting shaft on the base end side. When the outriggers 11 and 12 are not used, the outrigger beams 13L and 13R are contracted and stored at positions higher than the wheels 1 to 3, and when the outriggers 11 and 12 are used, the outrigger beams 13L and 13R 13R extends as shown in the drawing, and the float 15 provided at the tip of the outrigger beams 13L and 13R comes into contact with the ground to lift the wheel crane A.

  The crane device 7 includes a boom 21 whose base end is supported by the front end portion of the upper swing body 6 so as to be raised and lowered, a suspension hook 23 suspended from the distal end of the boom 21 via a hoisting rope 22, and an upper portion. The hoisting winch 24 or 25 is mounted on the revolving body 6, and the hoisting rope 22 is wound or unwound by the hoisting winch 24 or 25, and the hoisting hook 23 is wound or lowered. Yes. The crane device 7 includes a gantry 26 provided at the rear of the upper swing body 6, a lower spreader 27 attached to the upper end of the gantry 26, and the other end of a guy line 28 having one end connected to the tip of the boom 21. The undulating winch 31 includes an attached upper spreader 29, a undulating rope 30 wound between the upper spreader 29 and the lower spreader 27, and a undulating winch 31 mounted on the upper swing body 6. Thus, the boom 21 is raised and lowered by winding or unwinding the hoisting rope 30 and changing the distance between the lower spreader 27 and the upper spreader 29.

  For example, when carrying out the work of harbor handling as shown in FIG. 3 with the wheel crane A, after the wheel crane A is laid on the quay near the material carrier B, the front outrigger 11 and the rear outrigger 12 of the lower traveling body 4 , The left and right outrigger beams 13L and 13R extend, and the float 15 at the tip of the outrigger beams 13L and 13R comes into contact with the ground to lift the wheel crane A, thereby preparing for the cargo handling operation by the crane device 7. In FIG. 3, C is a transport truck for transporting materials landed from the material transport ship B on land.

  The handling work at the port by the wheel crane A is mainly performed by the work of loading the material from the material transport ship B onto the land transport truck C or the work of loading the material from the land transport truck C into the material transport ship B. In this case, as can be seen from FIG. 3, the crane apparatus 7 repeats the cargo handling operation within a turning range of about 90 degrees around the turning center P of the upper turning body 6. In FIG. 3, four turning ranges W, X, Y, and Z are equally divided around the turning center P of the upper turning body 6, and the cargo handling operation is repeatedly performed in the turning range Z of FIG. 3. For this reason, since the part corresponding to the turning range Z of the lower traveling body 4 is repeatedly subjected to a load, the amount of damage increases. Of course, it is not always necessary to perform the cargo handling work in the same place, and it is conceivable to appropriately change the work range of the cargo handling work. However, while the wheel crane A is used for a long time, the damage amount of the lower traveling body 4 is All the turning ranges W to Z are not uniform and unbalanced, and a sign of fatigue failure can be seen in a specific part without knowing it.

  In order to cope with this, the wheel crane A is equipped with the damage amount display device of the present invention, and this damage amount display device 40 is attached to the lower traveling body 4 during work by the crane device 7 as shown in FIG. Based on the measuring means 41 for measuring the applied load for each of the four turning ranges W to Z around the turning center P of the lower traveling body 4 and the loads for the four turning ranges W to Z measured by the measuring means 41. A controller 42 that calculates the amount of damage for each of the four turning ranges W to Z applied to the lower traveling body 4 and the damage for each of the four turning ranges W to Z of the lower traveling body 4 calculated by the controller 42 And a display 43 as display means for displaying the quantity.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the measuring means 41 includes a front part and a rear outrigger that are positioned in every four turning ranges W to Z around the turning center P of the lower traveling body 4 in the working posture of the wheel crane A as shown in FIG. The pressure sensors 44, 44,... Are mounted on the vertical cylinders 11 and 12 and detect load pressures of the vertical cylinders 14 as load sensors.

  The controller 42 detects each pressure sensor 44 when receiving a signal of a detection timing trigger 45 that generates a signal every time the cargo handling work by the crane device 7 is finished once, that is, every time the cargo handling work is finished once. The loads for each of the four turning ranges W to Z of the lower traveling body 4 are classified into 10 t-unit load categories as shown in FIG. 5, for example, and stored in the storage unit 46, and this is repeated for each number of operations. By counting the number of times classified into each load category for each of the turning ranges W to Z, the load of the cargo handling work and the number of times are stored in the storage unit 46 for each of the four turning ranges W to Z of the lower traveling body 4. It has become. The detection timing trigger 45 determines the end of one cargo handling operation, for example, from the hoisting / lowering operation of the hoisting winches 24, 25 or the turning operation of the upper turning body 6 at a predetermined angle.

And the said controller 42 uses the following formula and the damage amount becomes equivalent using load Fi and the frequency | count Ni of the cargo handling work memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 46 for every four turning range WZ of the lower traveling body 4. Equivalent load Feq is obtained.
Feq = {Σ (Ni × Fi ^m ) / ΣNi} ^{1 / m}

  However, m is the inclination of a fatigue strength diagram as shown in FIG. Further, the controller 42 multiplies the equivalent load Feq by the total number of loading operations ΣNi to calculate the damage amount for each of the turning ranges W to Z. For example, when the load Fi and the number of times Ni in the turning range Z are numerical values as shown in FIG. 5 and m = 5, the equivalent load Feq is 28 t and the damage amount is 280000 t. The damage amount is similarly calculated for the outer turning ranges W to Y.

  Further, when calculating the damage amount for each of the four turning ranges W to Z, the controller 42 calculates the ratio of the damage amount to the maximum value, and the joint grade of the steel plate constituting the lower traveling body 4. The ratio of the amount of damage to the fatigue life set taking into consideration is calculated. For example, if the fatigue life of the steel sheet set at the time of design is set to 100,000 times at an equivalent load of 30 t, the allowable damage amount is 3 million tons, while the equivalent load in the turning range Z is 28 t and the total number of times is 10,000 times. Since the damage amount is 280,000 tons, the ratio of the damage amount to the fatigue life at this time is 28 / 300≈9%.

  Further, the display device 43 is provided in the cab 8 and includes a liquid crystal display or the like. When this indicator 43 displays the amount of damage for each of the four turning ranges W to Z of the lower traveling body 4, for example, the four turning ranges W to Z of the lower traveling body 4 as shown in FIG. 3 are displayed on the screen. In addition, the damage amount for each of the turning ranges W to Z is displayed. Further, the display 43 displays the ratio of the damage amount for each turning range W to Z and the damage amount for each turning range W to Z calculated by the controller 42 together with the damage amount for each turning range W to Z. It is provided to display the ratio to the fatigue life. The display device 43 does not have to be dedicated to the damage amount display device 40. For example, the display device 43 also serves as the display device 43 of the damage amount display device by switching the switch. You may comprise so that a function may be exhibited.

  Therefore, in the damage amount display device 40, the load or damage amount applied to the lower traveling body 4 during work by the crane device 7 is calculated for each of the four turning ranges W to Z around the turning center P of the lower traveling body 4, Since the amount of damage for each of the turning ranges W to Z is displayed on the display device 43, the operator who has seen this display takes appropriate measures so that the amount of damage for each of the turning ranges W to Z becomes uniform. For example, when the port cargo handling operation as shown in FIG. 3 is performed and the damage amount in the turning range Z of the lower traveling body 4 is larger than that in the other turning ranges W to Y, the loading platform of the transport truck C is used. The work is performed in the state where the wheel crane A enters the right rear portion of the wheel crane A, that is, the turning range Y of the lower traveling body 4, or the front and rear positions of the wheel crane A are reversed from the state shown in FIG. , X is brought close to the quay and the work is carried out with the loading platform of the transport truck C entering the turning ranges W, X, so that the amount of damage for each turning range W to Z of the lower traveling body 4 is uniform. Therefore, the fatigue life of the lower traveling body 4 can be greatly extended.

  In particular, in the case of the above embodiment, the measuring means 41 that measures the load applied to the lower traveling body 4 during the operation by the crane device 7 for each of the four turning ranges W to Z around the turning center P of the lower traveling body 4 is provided with a wheel crane. In the working posture of A, the load pressures of the vertical cylinders 14 are mounted on the vertical cylinders 14 of the front and rear outriggers 11 and 12 located in each of the four turning ranges W to Z around the turning center P of the lower traveling body 4. Since each of the four pressure sensors 44, 44,... Is detected, the measurement accuracy of the load for each of the turning ranges W to Z and the calculation accuracy of the amount of damage for each of the turning ranges can be increased, thereby improving the reliability. Can contribute.

  When the amount of damage for each turning range W to Z of the lower traveling body 4 is displayed on the display 43, the amount of damage for each turning range W to Z is displayed together with the amount of damage for each turning range W to Z. Since the ratio with respect to the maximum value and the ratio of the damage amount with respect to the fatigue life for each of the turning ranges W to Z are displayed on the display 43, the operator who sees this display can determine the damage amount of any turning range W to Z. It is possible to easily determine whether it is the largest, and to grasp the ratio of the amount of damage to the fatigue life for each turning range W to Z. For example, when performing a service diagnosis, the inspection location and inspection contents are appropriately performed There is also an effect of being able to.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various other form is included. For example, in the above embodiment, the measuring means 41 that measures the load applied to the lower traveling body 4 during the operation by the crane device 7 for each of the four turning ranges W to Z around the turning center P of the lower traveling body 4 is used for the wheel crane A. It is mounted on each vertical cylinder 14 of the front and rear outriggers 11 and 12 located in each of four turning ranges W to Z around the turning center P of the lower traveling body 4 in the working posture, and detects the load pressure of each vertical cylinder 14. The four pressure sensors 44, 44,... Are configured in accordance with the present invention, instead of the pressure sensor 44, the information on the overload prevention device provided in the wheel crane A and the turning angle of the upper turning body 6. You may comprise so that the load applied to the lower traveling body 4 may be calculated | required for every predetermined turning range from the detection information from the detector to detect.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the wheel crane A provided with the outriggers 11 and 12 in the lower traveling body 4 was described, this invention can be applied also to a crawler type crane, Of course, a grab bucket is attached to the front-end | tip of a boom. The present invention can be similarly applied to a swivel work machine other than a crane work such as a so-called scrap loader or excavator.

A Wheel crane (Swivel work machine)
P Turning center 4 Lower traveling body 6 Upper turning body 7 Crane device (attachment)
40 Damage amount display device 41 Measuring means 42 Controller (calculating means)
43 Display (display means)
44 Pressure sensor (load detector)

Claims (5)

In the swing type work machine in which the upper swing body is mounted on the lower traveling body so as to be able to swing 360 degrees around the swing center, and the upper swing body has an attachment
Measuring means for measuring a load applied to the lower traveling body during work by the attachment for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body;
Calculating means for calculating the amount of damage for each predetermined turning range applied to the lower traveling body based on the load for each predetermined turning range measured by the measuring means;
A damage amount display device for a revolving work machine, comprising: a display means for displaying a damage amount for each predetermined turning range calculated by the calculating means.   The amount of damage to the swivel work machine according to claim 1, wherein the measuring means includes a plurality of load detectors installed for each predetermined turning range around the turning center of the lower traveling body and detecting the load at the installation location. Display device. The calculation means obtains an equivalent load Feq with which the amount of damage is equivalent by the following formula using the load Fi and the number of times Ni during work for each predetermined turning range,
Feq = {Σ (Ni × Fi ^m ) / ΣNi} ^{1 / m}
However, m is the slope of the fatigue strength diagram of the steel sheet constituting the lower traveling body, and further calculates the amount of damage for each predetermined turning range by multiplying this equivalent load Feq by the total number ΣNi. 2. A damage amount display device for a swivel work machine according to 2. The calculation means is adapted to calculate the ratio of the damage amount to the maximum value when calculating the damage amount for each predetermined turning range,
The said display means is provided so that the ratio with respect to the maximum value of the damage amount for every predetermined | prescribed turning range may be displayed with the damage amount for every predetermined turning range, or instead of this damage amount. Damage amount display device for swivel work machines. When calculating the damage amount for each predetermined turning range, the calculation means also calculates the ratio of the damage amount to the fatigue life set in consideration of the joint grade of the steel plate constituting the lower traveling body. ,
The said display means is provided so that the ratio of the damage amount with respect to the fatigue life for every predetermined | prescribed turning range may be displayed with the damage amount for every predetermined turning range, or instead of this damage amount. Damage amount display device for the revolving work machine as described.