JP2013068298A - Fastener - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fastener capable of fixing and releasing an object in a more appropriate direction by the mounting work and removing work from one direction.SOLUTION: A fastener is equipped with a fixing mechanism and a stopper. The fixing mechanism can fix the insertion part to the object to be fixed by inserting an insertion part into a hole provided to the object to be fixed and rotating a grip to change a thickness of the insertion part. The stopper stops the rotation of the grip at a specific rotating position of the grip.

Description

  Embodiments of the invention relate to fasteners.

  Conventionally, a screw-type fastener capable of fixing two members by tightening from one direction is known (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). This screw-type fastener is provided with one end of a cylindrical body portion having a hook-shaped tip portion coaxially and the other as a grip. The screw-type fastener is configured such that when the grip is rotated, the screw housed in the body portion rotates, and the hook-shaped tip portion expands.

  Therefore, when the hook-shaped tip of the fastener is inserted into a hole provided in advance in the workpiece to be fixed and the grip is rotated, the hook-shaped tip does not come out of the hole of the workpiece. For this reason, a fastener can be fixed to a work only by inserting a fastener into a work from one direction and rotating it. On the other hand, if the fastener grip is rotated in the reverse direction, the tip end portion returns to the original thickness, so that the tip end portion of the fastener can be pulled out from the hole of the workpiece.

  A conventional screw type fastener having such a structure is used for temporarily fixing parts in an assembly operation of an aircraft. In aircraft assembly work, it may be necessary to temporarily fix parts or temporarily attach jigs to the parts. Therefore, the worker holds the fastener grip with a tightening tool having a rotating holder, and attaches the fastener to the member to be fixed by driving the tightening tool.

  The hole for attaching the fastener can be provided in the member in advance by using an automatic drilling machine in addition to a hand tool such as a hand drill (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  And an operator can perform a required assembly operation in the state where a member was fixed by a fastener. When the operation is complete, the operator can again remove the fastener from the member by holding the fastener grip with the tightening tool and driving the tightening tool.

JP 2005-177957 A

Monogram Aerospace Fasteners, Temporary Fasteners Catalog, [online], [searched August 23, 2011], Internet <URL: http://www.monogramaerospace.com/products/temporary_fasteners>

  As described above, attachment / detachment of the fastener to / from the member is conventionally performed manually by an operator. Therefore, it is desired to develop a fastener that can be easily attached and detached using a hand tool such as a tightening tool. For example, when an operator manually attaches a fastener to a member using a hand tool, it is important that the fastener can be inserted into the hole in the member with less movement.

  In addition, automation of fastener attachment / detachment is a challenge. In particular, when a hole for inserting a fastener is processed by an automatic punching machine, it is desirable that the fastener can be automatically attached by the automatic punching machine.

  However, when the conventional screw-type fastener continues to rotate the grip in order to pull out the tip from the workpiece, the screw is released and the grip is idled. On the other hand, the rotary holder provided in the automatic punching machine mainly has a one-way clutch mechanism. The one-way clutch mechanism is a clutch mechanism that transmits rotational force only in one direction. Therefore, the grip is held by the rotary holder while the rotational torque is applied to the grip. On the other hand, when the grip is idle, the rotating holder is loosened and the grip falls.

  For this reason, in order to automate the attachment and detachment of the fastener, it is necessary that the fastener grip is not always detached from the rotary holder.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the fastener which can fix and release | release an object more efficiently by the attachment operation | work from one direction, and a removal operation | work.

  A fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fixing mechanism and a stopper. The fixing mechanism can fix the insertion part to the fixed object by inserting the insertion part into a hole provided in the fixed object and rotating the grip to change the thickness of the insertion part. . The stopper stops the rotation of the grip at a predetermined rotation position of the grip.

  According to the fastener which concerns on embodiment of this invention, a target object can be more efficiently fixed by the attachment operation | work from one direction.

The perspective view of the fastener concerning the embodiment of the present invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fastener shown in FIG. The figure which shows the example which hold | maintained the fastener shown in FIG. 1 with the hand tool for fastening. The figure which shows the example which hold | maintained the fastener shown in FIG. 1 with the automatic tightening apparatus. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the state which fixed the fastener shown in FIG. 1 to the target object.

  A fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fastener shown in FIG.

  The fastener 1 is a fastener capable of detachably fixing a plurality of objects to be fixed, which are previously provided with through holes, by attaching and removing operations from one direction. Alternatively, the fastener 1 can be detachably fixed to a single fixed object provided with a hole by attaching and removing work from one direction. The fastener 1 having such a function has a fixing mechanism 2 for inserting and fixing in a hole provided in an object to be fixed. The fixing mechanism 2 includes a body part 3, a movable body 4, a fixed plate 5, and a cylindrical grip 6.

  The body part 3 of the fixing mechanism 2 has a cylindrical shape that is open at both ends. Two steps in the axial direction are provided on the inner surface of the body portion 3. In other words, the body portion 3 is provided with a stepped through-hole having a gradually decreasing inner diameter due to a step and having three inner diameters.

  Part of the cylindrical grip 6 having a cylindrical shape is inserted into one end of the body portion 3 on the side having the larger inner diameter. The outer diameter of the cylindrical grip 6 is larger than the inner diameter at the center of the body part 3 and smaller than the largest inner diameter at the end of the body part 3. For this reason, the cylindrical grip 6 can be rotated inside the body portion 3. Further, one end of the cylindrical grip 6 is in contact with a step surface formed inside the body portion 3. As a result, the other end of the cylindrical grip 6 protrudes from the body portion 3, and rotational torque can be applied to the other end of the protruding cylindrical grip 6. Further, on the inner surface of the cylindrical grip 6, a thread groove of a female screw 6A for tightening and loosening is provided coaxially.

  The movable body 4 of the fixing mechanism 2 has a rod-like elongated shape, and includes an insertion portion 7 and a moving screw portion 8. The distal end of the insertion portion 7 has a hook shape. On the other hand, the portion away from the distal end of the insertion portion 7 has a cylindrical outer shape having a diameter smaller than the smallest inner diameter on the side where the cylindrical grip 6 of the body portion 3 is not inserted. Further, the flange-shaped portion at the distal end of the insertion portion 7 has a diameter smaller than the smallest inner diameter of the body portion 3.

  In addition, the insertion portion 7 is provided with a dividing groove 9 penetrating the axial direction in the length direction. The dividing groove 9 through which the insertion portion 7 penetrates has a shape in which the width becomes narrower as it approaches the distal end of the insertion portion 7, while the width becomes constant at a portion away from the distal end by a certain distance. Accordingly, the insertion portion 7 has a shape in which two plate-like members are formed side by side, except for the vicinity of the tip, where the outer side forms a part of the surface of the cylinder and the inner side forms a plane.

  The moving screw portion 8 of the movable body 4 is provided with a screw groove for tightening and loosening. Specifically, the moving screw portion 8 is a male screw having a thickness larger than that of the insertion portion 7 and smaller than an inner diameter at the center of the body portion 3. In addition, the male screw of the moving screw portion 8 has a size that can be fastened to the female screw 6 </ b> A formed in the cylindrical grip 6.

  Further, a stopper 8A is provided at the end of the moving screw portion 8 opposite to the insertion portion 7. The stopper 8 </ b> A has a function of stopping the rotation of the female screw 6 </ b> A of the cylindrical grip 6 fastened to the moving screw portion 8. FIG. 2 shows an example in which a disk-shaped member having a diameter larger than the thread of the moving screw portion 8 is joined to the end portion of the moving screw portion 8 as the stopper 8A.

  However, as long as it has a function of stopping the rotation of the female screw 6A of the cylindrical grip 6, the structure of the stopper 8A can be an arbitrary structure. For example, the stopper 8 </ b> A that stops the rotation of the female screw 6 </ b> A of the cylindrical grip 6 can be formed at the end of the moving screw portion 8 only by performing the thread groove processing of the moving screw portion 8 halfway. In this case, the stopper 8A becomes a part of the movable body 4.

  On the other hand, when the stopper 8A and the moving screw portion 8 are not integrated as shown in FIG. 2 and are formed as separate members, the stopper 8A is attached to the moving screw portion 8 by any joining method such as welding. Can be fixed. When the stopper 8A and the moving screw portion 8 are separate members, the stopper 8A can be made of a material suitable for the screw fixing function. As a material for the stopper 8A, a highly versatile material includes carbon steel such as S45C, but any material such as other metals and ceramics can be used.

  The movable body 4 having such a structure is inserted into the cylindrical grip 6 and the body portion 3 with the moving screw portion 8 side facing the cylindrical grip 6 side. For this reason, the moving screw portion 8 of the movable body 4 and the female screw 6A of the cylindrical grip 6 are fastened together. On the other hand, the insertion portion 7 of the movable body 4 protrudes from the body portion 3.

  However, the moving screw portion 8 of the movable body 4 is disposed inside the body portion 3 so as not to rotate with respect to the body portion 3. The method of suppressing the rotation of the moving screw portion 8 relative to the body portion 3 is arbitrary. For example, the key portion is provided on the inner surface of the body portion 3 and the moving screw portion 8 is moved by a method of providing a key that fits into the key groove. The rotation of the screw part 8 relative to the body part 3 can be suppressed.

  Further, since the stopper 8A is provided at the end of the moving screw portion 8, the female screw 6A of the cylindrical grip 6 is always fastened to the moving screw portion 8. Conversely, when viewed from the moving screw portion 8 side, the existence range of the female screw 6 </ b> A of the cylindrical grip 6 is the range of the thread of the moving screw portion 8. This is because when the female screw 6A rotates together with the cylindrical grip 6 and the female screw 6A relatively reaches the end opposite to the insertion portion 7 of the moving screw portion 8, the female screw 6A contacts the stopper 8A. It is to do.

  On the other hand, a plate-shaped fixed plate 5 is inserted into the dividing groove 9 of the movable body 4. The fixed plate 5 has a length corresponding to the length of the dividing groove 9 so that a predetermined margin in the longitudinal direction is generated in the dividing groove 9 of the movable body 4. The width of the fixed plate 5 corresponding to the depth direction of the dividing groove 9 is set to such a width that the fixed plate 5 does not protrude from the movable body 4. The movable body 4 is configured to be able to slide outside the fixed plate 5 with the fixed plate 5 interposed therebetween.

  On the other hand, the fixing plate 5 is fixed to the body portion 3. The fixing method of the fixing plate 5 with respect to the body portion 3 is arbitrary. For example, the body portion 3 is formed by a connecting member in which the portion of the fixing plate 5 arranged inside the body portion 3 is provided in the depth direction of the dividing groove 9. Can be fixed to the body portion 3. Therefore, the movable body 4 can be moved in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed plate 5 and the body portion 3.

  Further, the fixing plate 5 fixed to the body portion 3 also has an effect of suppressing the rotation of the moving screw portion 8. Therefore, another rotation inhibiting mechanism for the body portion 3 of the moving screw portion 8 such as fitting of the key groove and the key may be omitted.

  The fixing mechanism 2 having such a structure has a function of changing the thickness of the insertion portion 7 using a screw. Specifically, the thickness of the insertion portion 7 can be set to a thickness corresponding to the amount of rotation of the cylindrical grip 6. For this reason, the insertion part 7 is inserted into a hole provided in advance in a single or a plurality of fixed objects, and the insertion part 7 is fixed by rotating the cylindrical grip 6 to change the thickness of the insertion part 7. It is possible to fix to.

  Therefore, the fastener 1 having the fixing mechanism 2 as a constituent element can be attached to and detached from the fixed object by a tightening operation from one direction. The fastening operation of the fastener 1 can be performed by a fastening tool such as a hand tool for fastening the fastener 1 or an automatic fastening device.

  FIG. 3 is a view showing an example in which the fastener 1 shown in FIG. 1 is held by a hand tool for tightening and loosening.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the cylindrical grip 6 of the fastener 1 and the end of the body part 3 are held by the hand tool 11 having the rotary holder 10, and the fastener 1 can be tightened by the operator's manual work. . That is, the fastener 1 can be attached to and removed from the fixed object by driving the hand tool 11 and rotating the cylindrical grip 6. The general rotary holder 10 has a mechanism for holding the cylindrical grip 6 and the end of the body part 3 with a one-way clutch that transmits rotational force only in one direction.

  FIG. 4 is a view showing an example in which the fastener 1 shown in FIG. 1 is held by an automatic tightening device.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the cylindrical grip 6 of the fastener 1 and the end of the body part 3 can be held by an automatic tightening device 20 having a rotary holder 10. Then, the fastener 1 can be attached to and removed from the fixed object by driving the automatic loosening device 20 and rotating the cylindrical grip 6. In this case, if a drilling tool such as a drill can be attached to the automatic tightening device 20, the processing of the hole in the fixed object and the tightening operation of the fastener 1 can be performed automatically.

  FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a state in which the fastener 1 shown in FIG. 1 is fixed to an object.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the first fixed object 30 and the second fixed object 31 that are workpieces are overlapped, and the jig 32 is placed on the second fixed object 31 side that is the attachment and removal side of the fastener 1. Can be arranged. Furthermore, a hole that coaxially penetrates the first fixed object 30, the second fixed object 31, and the jig 32 can be used as a guide hole for insertion of the insertion portion 7 of the fastener 1.

  Then, in a state where the insertion portion 7 is inserted into the holes of the first fixed object 30 and the second fixed object 31, the cylindrical grip 6 is rotated by the rotary holder 10 of the locking device as shown in FIG. , The insertion portion 7 becomes thicker due to the relative movement of the fixing plate 5 with respect to the insertion portion 7, and the fastening objects such as the first fixing object 30, the second fixing object 31 and the jig 32 are fastened by the fastener 1. Can be fixed.

  Specifically, the rotational torque necessary for tightening the screw on the cylindrical grip 6 in a state where the insertion portion 7 is inserted into the holes of the first fixed object 30, the second fixed object 31, and the jig 32. Is loaded, the inner female screw 6 </ b> A rotates together with the cylindrical grip 6. For this reason, when the female screw 6 </ b> A of the cylindrical grip 6 is tightened, the moving screw portion 8 of the movable body 4 moves away from the fixed object, that is, the side opposite to the insertion direction of the insertion portion 7. Accordingly, the insertion portion 7 integrated with the moving screw portion 8 also moves in the direction of being pulled out from the fixed object.

  On the other hand, since the fixed plate 5 is fixed to the body portion 3, the fixed plate 5 is stationary while maintaining a relative position with respect to the fixed object. As a result, the fixing plate 5 is sandwiched between the split grooves 9 on the tip end side of the insertion portion 7. That is, the rotational movement of the cylindrical grip 6 is converted into the parallel movement of the movable body 4, and the movable body 4 moves to the side away from the fixed object by a distance corresponding to the rotational angle of the cylindrical grip 6.

  Here, since the width of the dividing groove 9 of the insertion portion 7 is narrower toward the tip of the insertion portion 7, the fixing groove 5 pushes the dividing groove 9 as the end of the dividing groove 9 approaches the fixing plate 5. It will be spread. That is, if rotational power is given to the cylindrical grip 6, the insertion part 7 will bend and become thick. As a result, the thickness of the insertion portion 7 is about the diameter of the holes of the first fixed object 30 and the second fixed object 31, and the insertion portion 7 has the first fixed object 30 and the second fixed object. A force is applied in the direction of expanding the hole inner surface of the object 31.

  Furthermore, when rotational power is applied to the cylindrical grip 6, the size of the heel portion at the tip of the insertion portion 7 becomes larger than the diameter of the hole of the first fixed object 30. And the insertion part 7 moves to the side pulled out from the 1st fixed object 30 in the state which the collar part expanded. For this reason, the collar part of the insertion part 7 cannot pass the hole of the 1st fixed object 30, and contacts the surface of the 1st fixed object 30 outside the hole. On the other hand, the body portion 3 relatively approaches the jig 32 and finally contacts the jig 32. That is, the edge of the body part 3 is pressed against the edge of the hole of the jig 32.

  As a result, the fastener 1 is caused by the frictional force between the insertion portion 7 and the first fixed object 30 and the second fixed object 31 and the force that sandwiches the fixed object between the body portion 3 and the flange portion of the insertion portion 7. The first fixed object 30, the second fixed object 31, and the jig 32 are fixed. In other words, the first fixed object 30, the second fixed object 31, and the jig 32 can be fixed by the fastener 1.

  Then, the worker can perform necessary work using the first fixed object 30 and the second fixed object 31 as workpieces. For example, according to the drilling guide hole provided in the jig 32 in addition to the hole into which the fastener 1 is inserted, the fixing object can be drilled using a drilling tool such as a drill.

  Furthermore, when the work is completed, the fastener 1 can be pulled out from the holes of the first fixed object 30, the second fixed object 31, and the jig 32 by rotating the cylindrical grip 6 in the reverse direction. Therefore, the fastener 1 can be used for temporarily fixing the first fixed object 30 and the second fixed object 31.

  Specifically, when the cylindrical grip 6 of the fastener 1 in a state of being fixed to the fixed object is rotated in the direction opposite to that when the fastener 1 is fixed, the movable body is rotated by the rotation of the female screw 6A in the cylindrical grip 6. The four moving screw portions 8 are translated in the axial direction, and the insertion portion 7 of the movable body 4 is moved in the insertion direction of the fixed object into the hole. As a result, the fixing plate 5 fixed to the body portion 3 is positioned away from the tip of the insertion portion 7 in the split groove 9 of the insertion portion 7.

  Then, the insertion portion 7 is released from the force applied from the fixing plate 5 and returns to the original thickness again. That is, the thickness of the insertion portion 7 is smaller than the diameter of the hole of the fixed object. Thereby, the pinching of the fixed object by the collar part of the insertion part 7 and the trunk | drum 3 is cancelled | released. For this reason, the fixed state of the fixed object can be released by pulling out the insertion portion 7 from the fixed object.

  Further, when the cylindrical grip 6 continues to rotate in the direction opposite to that when the fastener 1 is fixed, the moving screw portion 8 further moves in the inserting direction of the inserting portion 7 and is provided at the end of the moving screw portion 8. The stopper 8A is pressed against the female screw 6A in the cylindrical grip 6. As a result, the rotation of the cylindrical grip 6 together with the female screw 6A is stopped at a predetermined rotational position of the cylindrical grip 6. Specifically, at the rotation position of the cylindrical grip 6 corresponding to the minimum thickness of the insertion portion 7, the rotation of the cylindrical grip 6 is stopped by the stopper 8A. In other words, the range of rotation of the cylindrical grip 6 is limited by the stopper 8A.

  Therefore, even when the thickness of the insertion portion 7 of the fastener 1 is smaller than the diameter of the hole of the fixed object, and the insertion portion 7 is not fixed to the fixed object, the stopper 8A acts on the cylindrical grip 6. The rotation stops. As a result, the rotational force continues to be transmitted to the cylindrical grip 6 from the hand tool 11 shown in FIG. 3 or the rotary holder 10 of the automatic tightening device 20 shown in FIG. That is, the cylindrical grip 6 is firmly held by the rotary holder 10 by the one-way clutch mechanism.

  For this reason, when the attachment and detachment of the fastener 1 is a manual operation using the hand tool 11, if the hand tool 11 is pulled away from the fixed object, the insertion part 7 of the fastener 1 held by the hand tool 11 is removed. It can be pulled out from the hole of the fixed object.

  On the other hand, when the fastener 1 is mounted on the automatic tightening device 20, the insertion portion of the fastener 1 held by the rotary holder 10 is controlled by movement control in the axial direction of the rotary holder 10 provided in the automatic tightening device 20. 7 can be automatically pulled out from the hole of the fixed object.

  That is, the fastener 1 as described above is provided with the stopper 8A for stopping the rotation of the screw provided on the cylindrical grip 6. For this reason, in the fastener 1, the cylindrical grip 6 is idled after the thickness of the insertion portion 7 becomes thinner than the diameter of the hole of the fixed object and the insertion portion 7 is not fixed to the fixed object. There is no.

  Therefore, the fastener 1 can be automatically pulled out from the fixed object in a state where the fastener 1 is held by the rotary holder 10 of the automatic tightening device 20. That is, the fastener 1 can be easily attached / detached without providing the rotary holder 10 of the automatic tightening / unlocking device 20 with a complicated attaching / detaching function of the cylindrical grip 6 other than the one-way clutch mechanism. In other words, the fastener 1 can be attached and detached using a standard one-way clutch mechanism of the rotary holder 10. For this reason, in particular, existing equipment such as an automatic punching machine can be used as it is as the automatic tightening device 20 of the fastener 1.

  Furthermore, if the automatic tightening device 20 is provided with a function of detecting the rotation state of the rotary holder 10, the tightening state of the fastener 1 can be determined on the automatic tightening device 20 side. Therefore, the timing at which the fastener 1 is pulled out can be appropriately controlled according to the determination result of the fastening state of the fastener 1. Alternatively, it is possible to control the timing at which the fastener 1 is easily pulled out by measuring the attachment / detachment time of the fastener 1 in advance and controlling the movement of the rotary holder 10 in the axial direction. For this reason, attachment and detachment of the fastener 1 can be completed only by the automatic tightening device 20 without an operator.

  On the other hand, in the case of manual work using the hand tool 11, conventionally, the operator confirms that the fastener is detached from the rotary holder 10 due to the idle rotation of the cylindrical grip, and the operation of pulling the hand tool 11 away from the fixed object. The operation of pulling out the conventional fastener that has fallen from the hand tool 11 from the fixed object is necessary.

  On the other hand, since the fastener 1 does not fall off from the hand tool 11, the fastener 1 can be pulled out of the fixed object only by the operation of pulling the hand tool 11 away from the fixed object. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the operation of the worker necessary for attaching and detaching the fastener 1. In addition, it is possible to determine the fastening state of the fastener 1 not by the idling of the grip but by the stop of the rotary holder 10. Therefore, the working time and energy consumption required for attaching and detaching the fastener 1 are also reduced.

  Thus, according to the fastener 1, it is more efficiently fixed by the installation work and removal work from one direction regardless of whether it is a manual work by the hand tool 11 or an automatic work by the automatic loosening device 20. It is possible to fix and release the object.

  Although specific embodiments have been described above, the described embodiments are merely examples, and do not limit the scope of the invention. The novel methods and apparatus described herein can be implemented in a variety of other ways. Various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made in the method and apparatus described herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The appended claims and their equivalents include such various forms and modifications as are encompassed by the scope and spirit of the invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the fastener 1 that converts the rotation amount of the cylindrical grip 6 into the axial movement amount of the movable body 4 and the thickness of the insertion portion 7 using screws is shown. Thus, the fastener 1 may be configured to convert the rotation amount of the cylindrical grip 6 into the thickness of the insertion portion 7. In that case, the fastener 1 is provided with a stopper having a function of stopping the rotation of the cylindrical grip 6 at a predetermined rotational position according to the structure of the fastener 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fastener 2 Fixing mechanism 3 Body part 4 Movable body 5 Fixing plate 6 Cylindrical grip 6A Female screw 7 Insertion part 8 Moving screw part 8A Stopper 9 Split groove 10 Rotating holder 11 Hand tool 20 Automatic tightening device 30 First fixing Object 31 Second fixed object 32 Jig AX Insertion direction

Claims (2)

A fixing mechanism capable of fixing the insertion part to the fixed object by inserting the insertion part into a hole provided in the fixed object and rotating the grip to change the thickness of the insertion part;
A stopper that stops rotation of the grip at a predetermined rotational position of the grip;
Fastener with. The fastener according to claim 1, wherein the fixing mechanism is configured to change the thickness of the insertion portion using a screw, and the stopper is provided at an end portion of the screw.

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