JP2013061282A - Current/voltage transducer - Google Patents
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、被測定回路を流れる被測定電流を計測するために、被測定回路に直列に接続されると共に被測定電流を電圧に変換する電流電圧変換器であって、該電圧を計測することで被測定電流を求めることを可能にする電流電圧変換器に関する。 The present invention is a current-voltage converter that is connected in series to a circuit to be measured and converts the current to be measured into a voltage in order to measure the current to be measured flowing through the circuit to be measured, and measures the voltage The present invention relates to a current-voltage converter that makes it possible to obtain a current under measurement.
従来、送配電線、電力機器、制御機器、情報通信機器、計測機器等の状態監視や計測のために、被測定回路の被測定電流を計測する電流計測機器としては、被測定電流の周波数特性に応じて、様々な電流計が用いられている。 Conventionally, as a current measuring device that measures the measured current of the circuit under test for monitoring and measuring the status of power transmission and distribution lines, power devices, control devices, information communication devices, measuring devices, etc., the frequency characteristics of the measured current Various ammeters are used depending on the situation.
例えば、直流の場合、可動コイル型電流計が一般的に知られており、交流の場合、可動鉄片型、整流型、熱電対型電流計などが一般的に知られている。これらは、被測定回路に直列に接続されて被測定電流の計測を行うものである。 For example, in the case of direct current, a moving coil type ammeter is generally known, and in the case of alternating current, a movable iron piece type, a rectifying type, a thermocouple type ammeter, etc. are generally known. These are connected in series to a circuit under measurement to measure the current under measurement.
また、送電線、配電線等の電流を測定する場合には、電圧が高電圧になるので、変流器（ＣＴ）が用いられている。この場合の基本回路を図２６に示す。変流器は、被測定回路に設けられる一次側コイルと二次側コイルとを有し、一次側コイルの巻き数と二次側コイル巻き数との比率と二次側電流計の指示値によって一次電流である被測定電流を計測するようになっている。この場合、内部鉄心の磁気飽和のため周波数の上限が１ｋＨｚほどであるため、高周波領域の測定には不適当である。また、大型でかつ使用電圧との関係で安全離隔距離が必要なため、設置に際し、広い設置面積を必要とするという問題がある。 Moreover, when measuring the electric current of a power transmission line, a distribution line, etc., since a voltage turns into a high voltage, the current transformer (CT) is used. The basic circuit in this case is shown in FIG. The current transformer has a primary side coil and a secondary side coil provided in the circuit to be measured, and depends on the ratio of the number of turns of the primary side coil and the number of turns of the secondary side coil and the indicated value of the secondary side ammeter. A current to be measured which is a primary current is measured. In this case, the upper limit of the frequency is about 1 kHz due to the magnetic saturation of the internal iron core, which is inappropriate for measurement in the high frequency region. Moreover, since it is large and requires a safe separation distance in relation to the operating voltage, there is a problem that a large installation area is required for installation.
また以上のように被測定回路に直列に計測機器を接続する場合、課電中（電圧印加中）に計測機器を取り外すことは、両端に過電圧またはアーク放電あるいは双方が発生し極めて危険であり被測定回路に支障をきたすことになり、且つこの危険を回避するための設備費用が高額であるため、通常、計測機器は据え付けの状態で使用されている。しかしながら、計測機器に故障が発生した場合には、計測機器の両端に高電圧が印加することになるので、依然として危険であるという問題がある。 Also, when connecting measuring equipment in series to the circuit under test as described above, it is extremely dangerous to remove the measuring equipment during voltage application (voltage application) because overvoltage or arc discharge or both will occur at both ends. The measuring equipment is usually used in an installed state because it impedes the measurement circuit and the equipment costs for avoiding this danger are high. However, when a failure occurs in the measuring device, a high voltage is applied to both ends of the measuring device, which is still dangerous.
一方、被測定回路に対して非接触で測定を行うものとしては、ロゴスキーコイルが広く用いられている。これは、積分回路、オシロスコープ、測定用ケーブルなどの付属装置が必要となり、最大ピーク電流も被測定回路の周波数特性に依存するという問題がある。 On the other hand, a Rogowski coil is widely used as a non-contact measurement for a circuit under test. This requires an auxiliary device such as an integration circuit, an oscilloscope, and a measurement cable, and has a problem that the maximum peak current also depends on the frequency characteristics of the circuit to be measured.
また、パルス性電流を測定する場合、電磁結合を利用した素子（カーレントプローブなど）が広く用いられている。 Further, when measuring a pulsed current, an element using electromagnetic coupling (such as a current probe) is widely used.
電磁結合を利用した電流計測機器としては、被測定電流の流れる導体を検出素子のコイル内の内側に挿入したものがあり、被測定電流の流れる導体から生じる磁場の変化を外側のコイルで検出するようになっている。しかしながら、導体の大きさ、形状によってコイル内に挿入することの困難を生じる場合がある。 Some current measurement devices using electromagnetic coupling include a conductor through which the current to be measured flows inserted inside the coil of the detection element, and a change in the magnetic field generated from the conductor through which the current to be measured flows is detected by the outer coil. It is like that. However, it may be difficult to insert into the coil depending on the size and shape of the conductor.
この困難さを解消したものとして、図２７に示すように、被測定電流の流れる導体を開閉式のバーで挟み込んだクランプ式の電流計が知られている。これは、被測定電流によって発生する磁界をバーに内蔵されているコイルと高透磁率の部材で検出し、本体内部回路で計測し電流を表示するものであり、携帯の用途で広く用いられている。しかしながら、大電流を計測する場合、被測定電流の流れる導体は大きく、かつ導体の形状が多種多様であるため、クランプ式の電流計の製作は困難であるという問題がある。 As a solution to this difficulty, as shown in FIG. 27, a clamp-type ammeter is known in which a conductor through which a current to be measured flows is sandwiched between open / close bars. This is to detect the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured with the coil built in the bar and the high permeability member, measure it with the internal circuit of the main body, and display the current, which is widely used in portable applications Yes. However, when measuring a large current, there is a problem that it is difficult to manufacture a clamp-type ammeter because the conductor through which the current to be measured flows is large and the shape of the conductor is various.
さらに、各電流計測計器はそれぞれに固有の周波数特性があり、電磁誘導式の場合、最大２００ＭＨｚ位しか使えない。 Furthermore, each current measuring instrument has its own frequency characteristic, and in the case of an electromagnetic induction type, only a maximum of about 200 MHz can be used.
このように従来の電流計測機器は、その種類に応じて以上の諸問題を抱えており、さらには、各用途によって広い設置面積の必要性、被測定電流の流れている部材の形状および寸法によって測定の困難さを生じるという問題があり、機器の小型化が求められている。 As described above, conventional current measuring devices have the above-mentioned problems depending on the type of the current measuring device, and further, depending on each application, the need for a large installation area, the shape and dimensions of the member through which the current to be measured flows. There is a problem that measurement is difficult, and there is a demand for miniaturization of equipment.
本発明はかかる従来の課題に鑑みなされたもので、被測定回路に直列に接続されるものでありながら、従来のような危険性がなく、且つ、設置面積が小さくてよく小型化することができ、直流・交流に拘わらず使用することができ、大電流も測定することができると共にパルス性電流も応答性よく測定することができる電流電圧変換器を提供することを本発明の目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and while being connected in series to a circuit to be measured, there is no danger as in the prior art, and the installation area may be small and downsized. It is an object of the present invention to provide a current-voltage converter that can be used regardless of whether it is direct current or alternating current, can measure a large current, and can also measure a pulsed current with good responsiveness. .
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、被測定回路に対して直列に接続される電流電圧変換器であって、
境界面を挟んで隣接して配置された導電率の異なる２つの導体を有し、該２つの導体には、被測定回路に接続されて計測するべき被測定電流がそれらの間を流れる２つの入出力接続部と、電圧を計測可能な計測器が接続される２つの検出接続部とが設けられており、
前記２つの入出力接続部は、前記導体内の異なる任意の２点であり、
前記２つの検出接続部は、前記導体内の異なる任意の２点であり、
前記２つの入出力接続部間の抵抗は、前記計測器の入力インピーダンスよりも小さく、前記計測器によって前記２つの検出接続部間の電圧が計測可能となっており、該電圧が前記被測定電流と比例関係を持つ、ことを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a current-voltage converter connected in series to a circuit under test,
There are two conductors with different conductivities arranged adjacent to each other across the boundary surface, and the two conductors have two currents to be measured connected to the circuit to be measured and flowing between them. An input / output connection and two detection connections to which a measuring instrument capable of measuring voltage is connected are provided,
The two input / output connections are any two different points in the conductor;
The two detection connections are any two different points in the conductor;
The resistance between the two input / output connection parts is smaller than the input impedance of the measuring instrument, and the voltage between the two detection connecting parts can be measured by the measuring instrument, and the voltage is the current to be measured. It is characterized by having a proportional relationship.
本発明によれば、導電率の異なる２つの導体を隣接して配置することによって、２つの入出力接続部となる２点間及び２つの検出接続部となる２点間には、計測可能な電圧降下が発生し、且つ、それらの電圧は比例関係にあるために、２つの検出接続部間で計測された電圧から被測定電流を計測することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to measure between two points serving as two input / output connections and between two points serving as two detection connections by arranging two conductors having different conductivities adjacent to each other. Since a voltage drop occurs and these voltages are in a proportional relationship, the current to be measured can be measured from the voltage measured between the two detection connections.
本発明によれば、構成が簡単で可動部分もなく、堅牢で信頼性があるために、安全であり、大きな設置面積を要せずに小型に構成することができる。 According to the present invention, since the configuration is simple, there are no movable parts, and it is robust and reliable, it is safe and can be configured in a small size without requiring a large installation area.
また、導体を使用することで、ほぼ抵抗成分のみで、電圧と電流との位相差はほぼ零として扱うことができるので、周波数依存性も少なく、周波数領域が直流から高周波まで、被測定電流をほとんど減衰なしで計測でき、パルス性電流も解析することができる。 In addition, by using a conductor, the phase difference between the voltage and current can be handled as almost zero with only a resistance component, so there is little frequency dependence, and the current to be measured can be measured from DC to high frequency. It can be measured with almost no attenuation, and pulsed current can be analyzed.
以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施形態を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図１及び図２は、本発明の実施形態に係る電流電圧変換器１０の主要部の構成を表している。図において、電流電圧変換器１０は、導電率の異なる２つの導体１２（導電率ρ１），１４（導電率ρ２）を有している。２つの導体１２、１４は、この例では、平面視で矩形形状をなし、肉厚に対して平面寸法が大きい平板状となっており、それらの一辺が隣接した境界面１３となり、互いの境界面１３を挟んで隣接して配置されている。 1 and 2 show a configuration of a main part of a current-voltage converter 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the current-voltage converter 10 has two conductors 12 (conductivity ρ1) and 14 (conductivity ρ2) having different conductivities. In this example, the two conductors 12 and 14 have a rectangular shape in a plan view, and are formed in a flat plate shape having a large planar dimension with respect to the wall thickness. They are arranged adjacent to each other across the surface 13.
そして、各導体１２、１４には、境界面１３に平行な方向において離間した位置に、接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ、１４ａ、１４ｂが設けられている。接続部の数は、図示した例では、２つずつとなっているが、これに限るものではなく、少なくとも１つあればよく、または３つ以上あってもよく、後述のように、適した接続部を選択して使用するようにしてもよい。また、接続部の配置も、図示した例に限定されるものではないが、この例では、矩形形状の導体１２、１４の本体の両端部に各接続部が形成されている。また、この例では、矩形形状の導体１２，１４の本体の両端部から接続部が延設されるようになっているが、これに限るものではなく、必ずしも延設部として設けずに、導体１２，１４の本体の一部を接続部とすることも可能である。 Each of the conductors 12 and 14 is provided with connecting portions 12a, 12b, 14a, and 14b at positions separated in a direction parallel to the boundary surface 13. In the illustrated example, the number of connection portions is two, but the number of connection portions is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that there is at least one, or three or more, which are suitable as described later. You may make it select and use a connection part. Further, the arrangement of the connection portions is not limited to the illustrated example, but in this example, the connection portions are formed at both ends of the main bodies of the rectangular conductors 12 and 14. Further, in this example, the connecting portions are extended from both ends of the main bodies of the rectangular conductors 12 and 14, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the conductors are not necessarily provided as the extending portions. A part of the main body of 12 and 14 can also be used as a connection part.
２つの導体１２、１４は、板状またはブロック状材料を所定の形に切断または切削することで作製することができ、またはエッチングや蒸着によって作製することも可能である。また、２つの導体１２、１４としては、導電率が比較的高いものを用いることが、ジュール熱による損失を防ぐために好ましく、一例として、２つの導体１２、１４の一方を銅とし、他方をアルミニウムとした２つの異種金属を使用することができる。 The two conductors 12 and 14 can be produced by cutting or cutting a plate-like or block-like material into a predetermined shape, or can be produced by etching or vapor deposition. In addition, it is preferable to use a conductor having a relatively high conductivity as the two conductors 12 and 14 in order to prevent loss due to Joule heat. As an example, one of the two conductors 12 and 14 is copper and the other is aluminum. These two different metals can be used.
これら導体１２、１４は、接合によって隣接配置することができ、接合方法としては、圧接接合が好ましく、さらに２つの導体に圧力をかけた状態で境界面に大電流を流す処理を行うとよい。これにより、合金層の除去ができ、境界面を一様な状態にすることが可能となり、境界面における機械的強度の低下を防ぐことができる。 These conductors 12 and 14 can be arranged adjacent to each other by bonding. As a bonding method, pressure welding is preferable, and a process of flowing a large current to the boundary surface in a state where pressure is applied to the two conductors may be performed. As a result, the alloy layer can be removed, the boundary surface can be made uniform, and a decrease in mechanical strength at the boundary surface can be prevented.
以上の接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ、１４ａ、１４ｂのいずれかが入力接続部、出力接続部、２つの検出接続部となり、これら接続部は、互いに異なる位置にある入力接続部と出力接続部と、互いに異なる位置にある２つの検出接続部とを、任意に選択して接続可能である。但し、入出力接続部と２つの検出接続部は兼用することも可能である。 Any one of the above connection portions 12a, 12b, 14a, and 14b becomes an input connection portion, an output connection portion, and two detection connection portions, and these connection portions are connected to each other at an input connection portion and an output connection portion that are at different positions. Two detection connections at different positions can be arbitrarily selected and connected. However, the input / output connection part and the two detection connection parts can also be used together.
図３に、本発明の電流電圧変換器の一つの接続例を示す。この例では、導電率の高い導体１２の接続部１２ａ及び接続部１２ａに対して斜め向かいにあって導電率の低い導体１４の接続部１４ｂのいずれか一方を入力接続部、他方を出力接続部としており、被測定電流が接続部１２ａと接続部１４ｂとの間を流れるようになっている。そして、導体１４の接続部１４ａ、１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１４ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器（オシロスコープ、Ａ／Ｄ変換器を含みマイクロプロセッサを含んだ計測器等：以下同じ）１６が接続される。この場合、接続部１４ｂは共通端子となる一方で、接続部１２ｂは開放となっており省略することも可能である。 FIG. 3 shows one connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In this example, one of the connection portion 12a of the conductor 12 with high conductivity and the connection portion 14b of the conductor 14 with low conductivity that is diagonally opposite to the connection portion 12a is an input connection portion, and the other is an output connection portion. The current to be measured flows between the connection portion 12a and the connection portion 14b. The connection portions 14a and 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection portions, and a measuring instrument capable of measuring a voltage between the detection connection portions 14a and 14b (an instrument including an oscilloscope, an A / D converter, and a microprocessor) : Same below) 16 is connected. In this case, the connection portion 14b serves as a common terminal, while the connection portion 12b is open and can be omitted.
計測器１６の入力インピーダンスは、入出力接続部１２ａ、１４ｂ間の抵抗（１Ω未満）に比較して、十分大きくなっている。 The input impedance of the measuring instrument 16 is sufficiently larger than the resistance (less than 1Ω) between the input / output connection parts 12a and 14b.
計測器１６で計測される検出接続部１４ａ、１４ｂ間の電圧は、入力接続部１２ａと出力接続部１４ａとを流れる電流に比例するので、該電圧を計測することで、被測定電流を計測することができる。 Since the voltage between the detection connection parts 14a and 14b measured by the measuring instrument 16 is proportional to the current flowing through the input connection part 12a and the output connection part 14a, the current to be measured is measured by measuring the voltage. be able to.
図２５は、被測定電流（交流電流）と計測器１６で計測される電圧との関係を表すグラフであり、両者の間には、比例関係が成り立つことが分かる。図２５は交流電流の場合であるが、直流電流においても、同様な比例関係が成り立つ。また、電圧が、電流（Ａ）に対して１０-3のオーダ（ｍＶ）で得られるために、被測定電流が大電流であったとしても、計測器１６でその１０-3のオーダの電圧として計測することができるようになる。 FIG. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between the current to be measured (alternating current) and the voltage measured by the measuring instrument 16, and it can be seen that a proportional relationship is established between the two. FIG. 25 shows the case of alternating current, but the same proportional relationship holds for direct current. Further, since the voltage is obtained on the order of 10 −3 (mV) with respect to the current (A), even if the current to be measured is a large current, the measuring instrument 16 uses the voltage of the order of 10 −3. Can be measured as
このように、導電率の高い導体を使用することで損失がほとんどなく、しかしながら境界面１３を設けることで、本来であればほとんど電位差が発生しない筈の導体の２点間に、計測可能な電圧を発生させることが可能になる。そして、その電圧が被測定電流と比例関係にあるので、予めその比例定数を求めておくことで、計測器１６の計測値と比例定数から被測定電流を算出し計測できるようになる。２つの導体間で発生する電圧は２つの導体間のフェルミ準位の差に起因するものと推測される。図３（ｃ）は電流電圧変換器１０の等価回路を表す。この抵抗r０および抵抗ｒ１は使用する導体１２、１４によって決まるものである。 In this way, by using a conductor with high conductivity, there is almost no loss. However, by providing the boundary surface 13, a voltage that can be measured between two points of a conductor that is unlikely to cause a potential difference is normally generated. Can be generated. Since the voltage is in a proportional relationship with the current to be measured, the current to be measured can be calculated and measured from the measured value of the measuring instrument 16 and the proportionality constant by obtaining the proportionality constant in advance. It is assumed that the voltage generated between the two conductors is caused by the difference in Fermi level between the two conductors. FIG. 3C shows an equivalent circuit of the current-voltage converter 10. The resistance r 0 and the resistance r 1 are determined by the conductors 12 and 14 to be used.
導体を使用することで、ほぼ抵抗成分のみで、電圧と電流との位相差はほぼ零として扱うことができるので、周波数依存性も少なく、周波数領域が直流から高周波まで、被測定電流をほとんど減衰なしで計測でき、パルス性電流も解析することができる。 By using a conductor, the phase difference between voltage and current can be handled as almost zero with almost only a resistance component, so there is little frequency dependence, and the measured current is almost attenuated from DC to high frequency. It can be measured without a pulse current.
この電流電圧変換器１０は、被測定回路に直列に接続されるものであるが、構成が簡単で可動部分もなく、堅牢で信頼性があるために、安全であり、大きな設置面積を要せずに小型に構成することができる。 The current-voltage converter 10 is connected in series to the circuit to be measured, but is safe and has a large installation area because it is simple in structure, has no moving parts, is robust and reliable. And can be made compact.
図４Ａ〜図４Ｅは、本発明の電流電圧変換器の別の接続例を示す。図４Ａでは、図３と異なり、導電率の高い導体１２の接続部１２ａ、１２ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図４Ｂでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ａが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図４Ｃでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図４Ｄでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ａが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図４Ｅでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが入出力接続部と検出接続部とを兼ねており、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。 4A to 4E show another connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In FIG. 4A, unlike FIG. 3, the connection portions 12a and 12b of the conductor 12 having high conductivity serve as detection connection portions, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection portions 12a and 12b. In FIG. 4B, the connection portion 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection portion 14a of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection portions, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection portions 12b and 14a. In FIG. 4C, the connection part 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12b and 14b. In FIG. 4D, the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14a of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12a and 14a. In FIG. 4E, the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as the input / output connection part and the detection connection part, and the measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring the voltage between the detection connection parts 12a and 14b is provided. Connected.
いずれも場合も、比例定数は、図３の場合と必ずしも同じではないが、計測器１６で計測される電圧と、入出力接続部１２ａ、１４ｂ間を流れる電流とが比例関係を満足することには変わりなく、図３の例の場合と同様に作用させることができる。 In either case, the proportionality constant is not necessarily the same as in the case of FIG. 3, but the voltage measured by the measuring instrument 16 and the current flowing between the input / output connections 12a and 14b satisfy the proportional relationship. Can be operated in the same manner as in the example of FIG.
図５は、本発明の電流電圧変換器のさらに別の接続例を示す。この例では、導電率の高い導体１２の接続部１２ａ及び接続部１２ａに対向した導電率の低い導体１４の接続部１４ａのいずれか一方を入力接続部、他方を出力接続部としており、被測定電流が接続部１２ａと接続部１４ａとの間を流れるようになっている。そして、導体１４の接続部１４ａ、１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１４ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。この場合、接続部１４ａは共通端子となる一方で、接続部１２ｂは開放となっており省略することも可能である。 FIG. 5 shows still another connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In this example, one of the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 with high conductivity and the connection part 14a of the conductor 14 with low conductivity facing the connection part 12a is used as an input connection part and the other as an output connection part. A current flows between the connecting portion 12a and the connecting portion 14a. And the connection parts 14a and 14b of the conductor 14 become a detection connection part, and the measuring device 16 which can measure a voltage is connected between these detection connection parts 14a and 14b. In this case, the connecting portion 14a serves as a common terminal, while the connecting portion 12b is open and can be omitted.
この場合でも、比例定数は図３の場合と必ずしも同じではないが、計測器１６で計測される電圧と、入出力接続部１２ａ、１４ａ間を流れる電流とが比例関係を満足することには変わりなく、図３の例の場合と同様に作用させることができる。 Even in this case, the proportionality constant is not necessarily the same as in the case of FIG. 3, but the voltage measured by the measuring instrument 16 and the current flowing between the input / output connections 12a and 14a satisfy the proportional relationship. However, it can be operated in the same manner as in the example of FIG.
図６Ａ〜図６Ｅは、本発明の電流電圧変換器のさらに別の接続例を示す。図６Ａでは、図５と異なり、導電率の高い導体１２の接続部１２ａ、１２ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図６Ｂでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ａが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図６Ｃでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図６Ｄでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ａが入出力接続部と検出接続部とを兼ねており、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図６Ｅでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。 6A to 6E show still another connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In FIG. 6A, unlike FIG. 5, the connection portions 12a and 12b of the conductor 12 having high conductivity serve as detection connection portions, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection portions 12a and 12b. In FIG. 6B, the connection portion 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection portion 14a of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection portions, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection portions 12b and 14a. In FIG. 6C, the connection part 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12b and 14b. In FIG. 6D, the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14a of the conductor 14 serve as an input / output connection part and a detection connection part, and the measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage between the detection connection parts 12a and 14a is provided. Connected. In FIG. 6E, the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12a and 14b.
この場合でも、比例定数は図３の場合と必ずしも同じではないが、計測器１６で計測される電圧と、入出力接続部１２ａ、１４ａ間を流れる電流とが比例関係を満足することには変わりなく、図３の例の場合と同様に作用させることができる。 Even in this case, the proportionality constant is not necessarily the same as in the case of FIG. 3, but the voltage measured by the measuring instrument 16 and the current flowing between the input / output connections 12a and 14a satisfy the proportional relationship. However, it can be operated in the same manner as in the example of FIG.
図７は、本発明の電流電圧変換器のさらに別の接続例を示す。この例では、導電率の高い導体１２の接続部１２ａ及び接続部１２ｂのいずれか一方を入力接続部、他方を出力接続部としており、被測定電流が接続部１２ａと接続部１２ｂとの間を流れるようになっている。そして、導電率の低い導体１４の接続部１４ａ、１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１４ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。 FIG. 7 shows still another connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In this example, one of the connection part 12a and the connection part 12b of the conductor 12 having high conductivity is used as an input connection part, and the other is used as an output connection part. The current to be measured is between the connection part 12a and the connection part 12b. It comes to flow. And the connection parts 14a and 14b of the conductor 14 with low conductivity become a detection connection part, and the measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring the voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 14a and 14b.
図８Ａ〜図８Ｅは、本発明の電流電圧変換器のさらに別の接続例を示す。図８Ａでは、図７と異なり、導電率の高い導体１２の接続部１２ａ、１２ｂが入出力接続部と検出接続部とを兼ねており、この検出接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図８Ｂでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ａが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図８Ｃでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図８Ｄでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ａが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図８Ｅでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。 8A to 8E show still another connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In FIG. 8A, unlike FIG. 7, the connection portions 12a and 12b of the conductor 12 having high conductivity also serve as an input / output connection portion and a detection connection portion, and a voltage can be measured between the detection connection portions 12a and 12b. A measuring instrument 16 is connected. In FIG. 8B, the connection part 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14a of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12b and 14a. In FIG. 8C, the connection part 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12b and 14b. In FIG. 8D, the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14a of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12a and 14a. In FIG. 8E, the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12a and 14b.
これら図７及び図８の場合でも、比例定数は図３の場合と必ずしも同じではないが、計測器１６で計測される電圧と、入出力接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ間を流れる電流とが比例関係を満足することには変わりなく、図３の例の場合と同様に作用させることができる。 7 and 8, the proportionality constant is not necessarily the same as in FIG. 3, but the voltage measured by the measuring instrument 16 and the current flowing between the input / output connections 12 a and 12 b have a proportional relationship. It does not change that it is satisfied, and it can be operated in the same manner as in the example of FIG.
図９は、本発明の電流電圧変換器のさらに別の接続例を示す。この例では、導電率の低い導体１４の接続部１４ａ及び接続部１４ｂのいずれか一方を入力接続部、他方を出力接続部としており、被測定電流が接続部１４ａと接続部１４ｂとの間を流れるようになっている。そして、導体１４の接続部１４ａ、１４ｂが検出接続部も兼ねており、この検出接続部１４ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。 FIG. 9 shows still another connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In this example, one of the connection part 14a and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 with low conductivity is used as an input connection part, and the other is used as an output connection part. The current to be measured is between the connection part 14a and the connection part 14b. It comes to flow. The connection portions 14a and 14b of the conductor 14 also serve as detection connection portions, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection portions 14a and 14b.
図１０Ａ〜図１０Ｅは、本発明の電流電圧変換器のさらに別の接続例を示す。図１０Ａでは、図９と異なり、導電率の高い導体１２の接続部１２ａ、１２ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図１０Ｂでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ａが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図１０Ｃでは、導体１２の接続部１２ｂと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ｂ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図１０Ｄでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ａが入出力接続部と検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ａ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。図１０Ｅでは、導体１２の接続部１２ａと導体１４の接続部１４ｂが検出接続部となり、この検出接続部１２ａ、１４ｂ間に電圧を計測可能な計測器１６が接続される。 10A to 10E show still another connection example of the current-voltage converter of the present invention. In FIG. 10A, unlike FIG. 9, the connection portions 12a and 12b of the conductor 12 having high conductivity serve as detection connection portions, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection portions 12a and 12b. In FIG. 10B, the connection part 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14a of the conductor 14 serve as a detection connection part, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12b and 14a. In FIG. 10C, the connection part 12b of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12b and 14b. In FIG. 10D, the connection portion 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection portion 14a of the conductor 14 serve as an input / output connection portion and a detection connection portion, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection portions 12a and 14a. In FIG. 10E, the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 and the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 serve as detection connection parts, and a measuring instrument 16 capable of measuring a voltage is connected between the detection connection parts 12a and 14b.
これら図９及び図１０の場合でも、比例定数は図３の場合と必ずしも同じではないが、計測器１６で計測される電圧と、入出力接続部１２ａ、１２ｂ間を流れる電流とが比例関係を満足することには変わりなく、図３の例の場合と同様に作用させることができる。 9 and 10, the proportionality constant is not necessarily the same as in FIG. 3, but the voltage measured by the measuring instrument 16 and the current flowing between the input / output connections 12 a and 12 b have a proportional relationship. It does not change that it is satisfied, and it can be operated in the same manner as in the example of FIG.
以上の構成の中から適した比例定数を示す構成を選択して、計測を容易にすることが可能である。 It is possible to facilitate measurement by selecting a configuration showing a suitable proportionality constant from the above configurations.
本発明によれば、大電流を流すことができるにも拘わらず、非常に小型で抵抗が小さく、ほぼ抵抗成分のみを持つ電流電圧変換器とすることが可能である。導体１２を銅とし、導体１４をアルミニウムとして、５ｍｍ×２０ｍｍ（厚み：５ｍｍ、幅：２０ｍｍ）の断面積を持つ導体を用いて全長約２００ｍｍの図３及び図４に示す電流電圧変換器を構成し、入出力接続部１２ａ、１４ｂ間に５Ａの交流電流を流し、検出接続部を以下にしたときの検出接続部間の電圧を計測すると、次のようになった。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a current-voltage converter that is very small, has a low resistance, and has almost only a resistance component even though a large current can flow. The current-voltage converter shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 having a total length of about 200 mm is formed using a conductor having a cross-sectional area of 5 mm × 20 mm (thickness: 5 mm, width: 20 mm), with the conductor 12 being copper and the conductor 14 being aluminum. Then, when a 5 A alternating current was passed between the input / output connection parts 12a and 14b and the voltage between the detection connection parts when the detection connection part was set to the following was measured, it was as follows.
比例定数（＝計測電圧／５Ａ）である抵抗値は０．２〜３．２ｍΩの範囲を示し、電圧計測に好適な範囲の値となっている。仮に、このような範囲の抵抗値を持つ装置を、同じ断面積を持つ銅のみまたはアルミニウムのみの導体で構成しようとする場合、これらの導体の導電率は非常に高く抵抗は非常に小さいことから、約１００倍の全長が必要となり装置が非常に大型化し抵抗成分だけで構成することは困難となり、または、同じ全長で構成しようとすれば、断面積を１／１００にする必要があり、大電流を流すことができなくなる。 The resistance value which is a proportionality constant (= measurement voltage / 5A) indicates a range of 0.2 to 3.2 mΩ, which is a value in a range suitable for voltage measurement. If a device with a resistance in this range is made up of copper-only or aluminum-only conductors with the same cross-sectional area, the conductivity of these conductors is very high and the resistance is very low. The total length of about 100 times is required, and the apparatus becomes very large, making it difficult to configure with only the resistance component, or if it is to be configured with the same total length, the cross-sectional area must be reduced to 1/100. The current cannot flow.
また、図８Ａや図９の例では、入出力接続部と検出接続部とが兼用されており、従って、一見すると、導体１２のみまたは導体１４のみで構成されている場合と変わりない構成となっているが、仮に導体１２のみまたは導体１４のみだけで構成しようとする場合には、上述のように導電率が非常に高く抵抗が非常に小さいために、計測可能な電圧降下を発生させることは困難である。しかしながら、異なる導電率の導体を隣接して配置することによって、２つの導体の境界面を通過する電流の回り込みが発生し、これが２点間の電圧降下を引き起こすことにより、計測可能な電圧降下を発生させることができる。 Further, in the examples of FIGS. 8A and 9, the input / output connection portion and the detection connection portion are also used. Therefore, at first glance, the configuration is not different from the case where only the conductor 12 or the conductor 14 is configured. However, if only the conductor 12 or only the conductor 14 is to be configured, since the conductivity is very high and the resistance is very small as described above, it is not possible to generate a measurable voltage drop. Have difficulty. However, by placing conductors of different conductivity adjacent to each other, a current wrap around the interface between the two conductors occurs, which causes a voltage drop between the two points, resulting in a measurable voltage drop. Can be generated.
上述と同じ条件、即ち、導体１２を銅とし、導体１４をアルミニウムとして、５ｍｍ×２０ｍｍ（厚み：５ｍｍ、幅：２０ｍｍ）の断面積を持つ導体を用いて全長約２００ｍｍの図７−図１０に示す電流電圧変換器を構成し、入出力接続部に１０Ａの交流電流を流し、検出接続部を以下にしたときの検出接続部間の電圧を計測すると、次のようになった。 7 to 10 having a total length of about 200 mm using the same conditions as described above, that is, conductor 12 is copper, conductor 14 is aluminum, and a conductor having a cross-sectional area of 5 mm × 20 mm (thickness: 5 mm, width: 20 mm). The current-voltage converter shown in the figure was constructed, and a 10 A AC current was passed through the input / output connection, and the voltage between the detection connections when the detection connection was set to the following was measured.
以上表から、通常では考えられない導体内の２点において計測可能で且つ被測定電流に比例する電圧を発生させることができることが分かる。 From the above table, it can be seen that it is possible to generate a voltage that can be measured at two points in a conductor that is not normally considered and is proportional to the current to be measured.
このように、本発明の電流電圧変換器は、２つの異なる導体を隣接して配置することで、大電流を流すための断面積を確保することができると共に全体の寸法を非常に小さく抑えることができる。本発明の電流電圧変換器では、１００ｋＡまでの電流を流すことが可能である。 As described above, the current-voltage converter of the present invention can secure a cross-sectional area for flowing a large current and keep the overall size very small by arranging two different conductors adjacent to each other. Can do. In the current-voltage converter of the present invention, a current of up to 100 kA can be passed.
２つの導体１２、１４の隣接配置としては、上述の接合による他に、図１１に示すように、重ね合わせ、すなわち単に接触させるだけとすることも可能である。この重ね合わせ配置を行う場合には、境界面１３において、接触圧力が一定に保持されるように圧力保持手段（図示略）を設けるとよく、圧力保持手段として具体的には、導体１２、１４を互いに圧着するボルト、スプリングワッシャー、ナット、クランプ器材等とすることができる。 As the adjacent arrangement of the two conductors 12 and 14, in addition to the above-described joining, as shown in FIG. 11, they can be overlapped, that is, simply contacted. When this overlapping arrangement is performed, pressure holding means (not shown) may be provided on the boundary surface 13 so that the contact pressure is kept constant. Specifically, the conductors 12 and 14 are used as the pressure holding means. Can be used as a bolt, a spring washer, a nut, a clamp device, etc.
重ね合わせる面積、即ち境界面１３の面積を変化させると、比例定数も変化するので、図１２に示すように、導体１２、１４を互いに相対的にスライド可能に構成することで、比例定数の任意の調整を可能にすることもできる。 When the overlapping area, that is, the area of the boundary surface 13 is changed, the proportionality constant also changes. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, by configuring the conductors 12 and 14 to be slidable relative to each other, the proportionality constant can be arbitrarily set. Can also be adjusted.
また、２つの導体１２、１４の隣接配置として図１３に示すように、各導体１２、１４の境界面１３に相当する部分に互いに係合可能な係合部１７、１８を設けて、係合部１７、１８を互いに係合させることで、引張り強さを補強するように構成することも可能である。 Further, as shown in FIG. 13 as the adjacent arrangement of the two conductors 12 and 14, engagement portions 17 and 18 that can be engaged with each other are provided at portions corresponding to the boundary surfaces 13 of the respective conductors 12 and 14. It is possible to reinforce the tensile strength by engaging the portions 17 and 18 with each other.
導体１２、１４の形状としては、以上に示したような平板状とする他に、図１４Ａ、図１４Ｂに示すような棒状形状とし、または図１５及び図１６に示すような立体形状とすることも可能である。図１５においては、薄肉の各導体１２、１４を境界面１３で接合した後、これを丸めて立体形状にしている。また、図１６においては、各導体１２，１４を４本脚の机のような形態で作製して、互いの頂面を境界面１３として接合し、いずれか一方の導体１２、１４の脚に相当する接続部１２ａ〜１２ｄ、１４ａ〜１４ｄの中から選択された接続部を入力接続部とし、他方の導体１４、１２の脚に相当する接続部１４ａ〜１４ｄ、１２ａ〜１２ｄの中から選択された接続部を出力接続部とし、入力接続部及び出力接続部間に被測定電流を流し、また、接続部１２ａ〜１２ｄ、１４ａ〜１４ｄの中から選択された任意の２つの接続部のペアを検出接続部として、２つの検出接続部の間の電圧を計測器１６で計測することで、被測定電流を測定できる。 As the shape of the conductors 12 and 14, in addition to the flat plate shape as described above, the conductors 12 and 14 have a rod shape as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, or a solid shape as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. Is also possible. In FIG. 15, the thin conductors 12 and 14 are joined at the boundary surface 13 and then rounded to form a three-dimensional shape. In FIG. 16, the conductors 12 and 14 are produced in the form of a four-legged desk, and the top surfaces of the conductors 12 and 14 are joined as a boundary surface 13. The connection portion selected from the corresponding connection portions 12a to 12d and 14a to 14d is used as the input connection portion, and the connection portions 14a to 14d and 12a to 12d corresponding to the legs of the other conductors 14 and 12 are selected. The connected portion is used as an output connecting portion, a current to be measured is passed between the input connecting portion and the output connecting portion, and a pair of any two connecting portions selected from the connecting portions 12a to 12d and 14a to 14d. The current to be measured can be measured by measuring the voltage between the two detection connection portions with the measuring instrument 16 as the detection connection portion.
次に、本発明の電流電圧変換器を用いた様々な応用について説明する。 Next, various applications using the current-voltage converter of the present invention will be described.
図１７は、三相電源回路において半導体素子を用い、位相制御して三相回路を直流にして負荷（例えば、電動機）に供給する基本回路において、負荷電流を計測するために本発明の電流電圧変換器１０を負荷回路に直列に接続した例である。これによって、負荷電流の歪、変動、直流分、高周波分などを電圧波形として測定及び観測できる。 FIG. 17 shows a current voltage of the present invention for measuring a load current in a basic circuit that uses a semiconductor element in a three-phase power supply circuit and controls the phase to make the three-phase circuit a direct current and supply it to a load (for example, an electric motor). This is an example in which the converter 10 is connected in series to a load circuit. Thereby, distortion, fluctuation, direct current component, high frequency component and the like of the load current can be measured and observed as voltage waveforms.
図１７の例では、三相電源としたが、航空機などに用いられているような多相電源回路において、その回路網における被測定電流を計測する場合、本発明による電流電圧変換器１０は、振動に対して強固で、周波数測定範囲が比較的高帯域までを含むため、信頼性が極めて高い計測を行うことができる。同様に、振動の大きい海上の船舶などに用いられる多相電源回路においても有効である。 In the example of FIG. 17, a three-phase power supply is used. However, in a multiphase power supply circuit used in an aircraft or the like, when measuring a current to be measured in the circuit network, the current-voltage converter 10 according to the present invention is: Since it is strong against vibration and the frequency measurement range includes a relatively high band, extremely reliable measurement can be performed. Similarly, it is also effective in a multiphase power supply circuit used for a marine vessel having a large vibration.
さらに、図１８Ａは、電流電圧変換器１０の検出接続部間をフォトカプラ２０を介して電圧を計測可能な計測器２６に接続した例である。フォトカプラ２０の発光ダイオード２２を電流電圧変換器１０の検出接続部間に接続し、発光ダイオード２２からの光をフォトカプラ２０の受光素子２４で受光し、その受光素子２４に流れる電流の変化を、電圧計、オシロスコープ、またはＡ／Ｄ変換器を含みマイクロプロセッサを含んだ計測器２６で計測する。 Further, FIG. 18A is an example in which the detection connection portion of the current-voltage converter 10 is connected to the measuring device 26 capable of measuring the voltage via the photocoupler 20. The light emitting diode 22 of the photocoupler 20 is connected between the detection connection portions of the current-voltage converter 10, the light from the light emitting diode 22 is received by the light receiving element 24 of the photocoupler 20, and the change of the current flowing through the light receiving element 24 is changed. Measurement is performed by a measuring instrument 26 including a voltmeter, an oscilloscope, or an A / D converter and including a microprocessor.
または、図１８Ｂに示すように検出接続部間に２つのフォトカプラ２０を並列に接続し、互いの発光ダイオード２２が正方向と逆方向になるようにする。そして、それぞれのフォトカプラ２０の受光素子２４に流れる電流の変化を、電圧計、オシロスコープ、またはＡ／Ｄ変換器を含みマイクロプロセッサを含んだ計測器２６で計測する。 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18B, two photocouplers 20 are connected in parallel between the detection connection portions so that the light emitting diodes 22 are opposite to the forward direction. Then, a change in the current flowing through the light receiving element 24 of each photocoupler 20 is measured by a measuring instrument 26 including a voltmeter, an oscilloscope, or an A / D converter and including a microprocessor.
または、図１８Ｃに示すように、発光ダイオード２２と受光素子２４の間に光ケーブル２８を用いて、遠距離での被測定電流の計測をすることも可能である。この例は、特に、高電圧機器における計測において、安全に計測できる利点がある。 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18C, it is possible to measure the current to be measured at a long distance by using an optical cable 28 between the light emitting diode 22 and the light receiving element 24. This example has an advantage that measurement can be performed safely particularly in measurement in high-voltage equipment.
または、図１８Ｄに示すように、被測定電流が小さく、電流電圧変換器１０の検出接続部間に発生する電圧が小さいときには、その電圧を増幅させるために増幅器３０を設け、計測することも可能である。同様に、図１８Ａ、図１８Ｂの例においても同様に増幅器３０を設けることも可能である。 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18D, when the current to be measured is small and the voltage generated between the detection connection portions of the current-voltage converter 10 is small, it is possible to provide an amplifier 30 to amplify the voltage and measure it. It is. Similarly, in the example of FIGS. 18A and 18B, the amplifier 30 can be similarly provided.
または、図１８Ｅに示すように、電圧を計測可能な計測器として、送信機４０と、送信アンテナ４２と、受信アンテナ４４と、受信機４６とを含み、送信機４０で電流電圧変換器１０の検出接続部間に発生する電圧を電圧／周波数変換をし、または、送信機４０で電圧を変調して、それを送信アンテナ４２から電波で送信し、これを受信アンテナ４４で受信して、受信機４６で信号処理することにより、遠隔での被測定電流の測定を行うことが可能である。 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18E, the transmitter 40, the transmission antenna 42, the reception antenna 44, and the receiver 46 are included as measuring instruments that can measure the voltage. The voltage generated between the detection connection parts is subjected to voltage / frequency conversion, or the voltage is modulated by the transmitter 40, and is transmitted by radio waves from the transmission antenna 42, and is received by the reception antenna 44 and received. By performing signal processing with the machine 46, it is possible to measure the measured current remotely.
または、図１９に示すように、三相交流電流に対し、それぞれの電力線に本発明の電流電圧変換器１０を直列接続することができ、各電力線に直列接続した各電流電圧変換器１０の検出接続部間に発生する電圧をディジタル測定器５０で計測した後、論理回路５２に入力して、電流に変換した後、それぞれの電流の加算及び／又は比較することで、３相交流電流のＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ相のうちのいずれかの電力線に漏電が発生していることを検出することができる。これによって、漏電検出機能を持たせることができ、小型で簡単に構成可能な漏電検出器を実現できる。 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 19, the current-voltage converter 10 of the present invention can be connected in series to each power line with respect to a three-phase alternating current, and detection of each current-voltage converter 10 connected in series to each power line. The voltage generated between the connecting portions is measured by the digital measuring instrument 50, then input to the logic circuit 52, converted into a current, and then the currents are added and / or compared, whereby A of the three-phase alternating current is obtained. It is possible to detect that a leakage has occurred in any of the power lines of B, C, and C phases. As a result, a leakage detecting function can be provided, and a small and easily configured leakage detector can be realized.
または、図２０に示すように、交流電流計を３台用いる三電流計法による電力計測において、各電流Ｉ1、Ｉ2、Ｉ3の計測に、本発明の電流電圧変換器１０を接続することができ、各電流電圧変換器１０の検出接続部間に発生する電圧をＡ／Ｄ変換器５４−１、演算処理部５４−２及び表示器５４−３を含む計測器５４で電流に変換して、負荷の消費電力を演算することができる。 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 20, in the power measurement by the three ammeter method using three AC ammeters, the current-voltage converter 10 of the present invention is connected to the measurement of each current I 1 , I 2 , I 3. The voltage generated between the detection connection portions of each current-voltage converter 10 is converted into a current by the measuring instrument 54 including the A / D converter 54-1, the arithmetic processing section 54-2, and the display 54-3. Thus, the power consumption of the load can be calculated.
または、図２１に示すように、部分放電検出回路において外部雑音を抑制するために用いられる平衡検出回路の各検出インピーダンスに本発明の電流電圧変換器１０を用いることで、ナノ秒の部分放電パルス電流の計測が可能である。試料Ｃｘは、ある電圧以上で部分放電が発生するものである。符号５６は、演算器を含むオシロスコープ等の計測器である。 Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 21, a nanosecond partial discharge pulse can be obtained by using the current-voltage converter 10 of the present invention for each detection impedance of a balanced detection circuit used for suppressing external noise in the partial discharge detection circuit. Current can be measured. The sample Cx generates a partial discharge at a certain voltage or higher. Reference numeral 56 denotes a measuring instrument such as an oscilloscope including an arithmetic unit.
または、図２２に示すように、本発明の電流電圧変換器１０を用いて、絶縁破壊試験における放電電流の検出が可能である。符号５６は、演算器を含むオシロスコープ等の計測器である。 Or, as shown in FIG. 22, it is possible to detect the discharge current in the dielectric breakdown test using the current-voltage converter 10 of the present invention. Reference numeral 56 denotes a measuring instrument such as an oscilloscope including an arithmetic unit.
本発明による電流電圧変換器１０は、大電流の被計測電流を計測することができ、且つ、堅牢で振動に強く、信頼性が高く、周波数帯域が広く、且つ軽量、小型に構成することができるため、電気鉄道、磁気浮上鉄道（リニアーモータカー）、電気自動車などの限られた空間に配置するのに好適である。または、電気鉄道に電力を供給している変電所では各鉄道車両の総和の大電流を供給しているが、本発明による電流電圧変換器１０を用いれば、その被測定電流すなわち総和電流の計測を容易に測定できる。 The current-voltage converter 10 according to the present invention can measure a large current to be measured, and is configured to be robust, resistant to vibration, highly reliable, wide in frequency band, lightweight, and compact. Therefore, it is suitable for placement in a limited space such as an electric railway, a magnetic levitation railway (linear motor car), and an electric vehicle. Alternatively, a substation supplying electric power to the electric railway supplies a large current of the sum of the railway vehicles. If the current-voltage converter 10 according to the present invention is used, the current to be measured, that is, the total current is measured. Can be measured easily.
本発明による電流電圧変換器１０は、周波数帯域が広範囲なため電気工学分野、通信工学分野、制御工学、ロボット工学、鉄道、航空機、船舶、医療工学など各分野の電気回路網における電流を計測に適用できる。具体的に、鉄道車両の電流計測、複合多目的ビルにおける電流計測、変電所の母線の電流計測、圧延機のモータ、電気自動車における駆動電流計測、雷電流の計測、送電配電線の線電流の計測、開閉所における電流計測に好適である。更に、この電流電圧変換器１０は導体のみで構成されており、被測定電流と測定電圧の間における位相差がほぼ零であるため、トリガー信号の装置として応用することが可能である。 Since the current-voltage converter 10 according to the present invention has a wide frequency band, the current-voltage converter 10 is used to measure currents in electrical circuits such as electrical engineering, communication engineering, control engineering, robotics, railways, aircraft, ships, and medical engineering. Applicable. Specifically, current measurement of railway vehicles, current measurement in complex multipurpose buildings, current measurement of buses in substations, motors of rolling mills, drive current measurement in electric vehicles, measurement of lightning current, measurement of line current of power transmission lines Suitable for current measurement in switching stations. Further, the current-voltage converter 10 is composed only of a conductor, and since the phase difference between the current to be measured and the measurement voltage is almost zero, it can be applied as a trigger signal device.
また、本発明の電流電圧変換器１０は、周波数帯域が広範囲なため、過渡的な電流変化（例えば、スイッチングによるパルス性電流）の解析に適し、電力機器などに用いられている絶縁材料の劣化機構の解明に供することができる。 Moreover, since the current-voltage converter 10 of the present invention has a wide frequency band, it is suitable for analysis of a transient current change (for example, a pulsed current due to switching), and deterioration of an insulating material used in a power device or the like. It can be used to elucidate the mechanism.
また、再生可能エネルギーの利用によるエネルギーの効率的な利用目的のためのスマートグリッドにおいて、電力の潮流の計測が益々重要な役割を果たすことになり、各大小の需要家（一般家庭も含む）の各負荷電流の計測は電力の融通性の制御において極めて重要となるが、本発明の電流電圧変換器１０は、強靭で、信頼性があり、可動部分がなく、周波数帯域が広範囲なため、かかる用途に好適である。 In smart grids for the purpose of efficient use of renewable energy, the measurement of power flow will play an increasingly important role for each large and small consumer (including ordinary households). Although the measurement of each load current is extremely important in controlling the flexibility of power, the current-voltage converter 10 of the present invention is robust, reliable, has no moving parts, and has a wide frequency band. Suitable for use.
異なる導電率を有する導体（導体１２：銅、導体１４：アルミニウム）を接合させて、図２３に示した寸法（単位はｍｍ）の電流電圧変換器１０を作製した。 Conductors having different electrical conductivities (conductor 12: copper, conductor 14: aluminum) were joined to produce the current-voltage converter 10 having the dimensions (unit: mm) shown in FIG.
そして、導体１２の接続部１２ａを入力接続部とし、導体１４の接続部１４ｂを出力接続部とし、導体１４の接続部１４ａ、１４ｂを検出接続部とした。 And the connection part 12a of the conductor 12 was made into the input connection part, the connection part 14b of the conductor 14 was made into the output connection part, and the connection parts 14a and 14b of the conductor 14 were made into the detection connection part.
図２４に示すように、商用周波交流電源を用いて、被測定電流を入力接続部１２ａと出力接続部１４ｂ間に流し、検出接続部１４ａ、１４ｂ間の電圧を計測した。電流電圧変換器１０の被測定電流と計測電圧との関係を図２５に示す。この図２５から被測定電流Ｉｉ［Ａ］と測定電圧Ｖｏ［ｍＶ］との関係が線形で比例関係にあり、約Ｖｏ［ｍＶ］＝ｋ・Ｉｉ［Ａ］ で表示することができることが判る。ただし、ｋは電流電圧変換器の部材の種類、形状、寸法等で決まる比例定数となる。 As shown in FIG. 24, using a commercial frequency AC power source, a current to be measured was passed between the input connection portion 12a and the output connection portion 14b, and the voltage between the detection connection portions 14a and 14b was measured. The relationship between the measured current of the current-voltage converter 10 and the measured voltage is shown in FIG. From FIG. 25, it can be seen that the relationship between the measured current Ii [A] and the measured voltage Vo [mV] is linear and proportional, and can be represented by approximately Vo [mV] = k · Ii [A]. However, k is a proportionality constant determined by the type, shape, size, etc. of the members of the current-voltage converter.
１０ 電流電圧変換器
１２、１４ 導体
１３ 境界面
１２ａ〜１２ｄ、１４ａ〜１４ｄ 接続部
１６、２６、４０〜４６、５０、５４、５６ 計測器
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Current voltage converter 12, 14 Conductor 13 Interface surface 12a-12d, 14a-14d Connection part 16, 26, 40-46, 50, 54, 56 Measuring instrument
Claims (1)
境界面を挟んで隣接して配置された導電率の異なる２つの導体を有し、該２つの導体には、被測定回路に接続されて計測するべき被測定電流がそれらの間を流れる２つの入出力接続部と、電圧を計測可能な計測器が接続される２つの検出接続部とが設けられており、
前記２つの入出力接続部は、前記導体内の異なる任意の２点であり、
前記２つの検出接続部は、前記導体内の異なる任意の２点であり、
前記２つの入出力接続部間の抵抗は、前記計測器の入力インピーダンスよりも小さく、前記計測器によって前記２つの検出接続部間の電圧が計測可能となっており、該電圧が前記被測定電流と比例関係を持つ、ことを特徴とする電流電圧変換器。 A current-voltage converter connected in series to the circuit under test,
There are two conductors with different conductivities arranged adjacent to each other across the boundary surface, and the two conductors have two currents to be measured connected to the circuit to be measured and flowing between them. An input / output connection and two detection connections to which a measuring instrument capable of measuring voltage is connected are provided,
The two input / output connections are any two different points in the conductor;
The two detection connections are any two different points in the conductor;
The resistance between the two input / output connection parts is smaller than the input impedance of the measuring instrument, and the voltage between the two detection connecting parts can be measured by the measuring instrument, and the voltage is the current to be measured. A current-voltage converter characterized by having a proportional relationship with.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011200796A JP6030293B2 (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Current-voltage converter |
| PCT/JP2012/073593 WO2013039191A1 (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | Current/voltage converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011200796A JP6030293B2 (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Current-voltage converter |
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