JP2013024003A - Tunnel excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that, when constructing a tunnel, although an excavation portion is crushed using much energy and crushed pieces are discarded, it is desired that energy consumption is saved and the excavation portion is not discarded but is effectively utilized.SOLUTION: A tunnel is constructed by excavating on the excavation outer edge line of the tunnel toward the depth, creating a tubular rock piece and destroying its deep end to draw it out. As a method for excavating the excavation outer edge line of the tunnel toward the depth, boring is performed in the excavation outer edge line toward the depth at appropriate intervals, and a clearance of holes is cut by a stone saw around the hole. In order to smoothly draw the tubular rock piece, first of all, a tubular rock piece with a narrow upper portion and a wide lower portion is created, the deep end is destroyed and the tubular rock piece is dropped down, thereby creating the clearance between bedrock and the rock piece.

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method.

Conventional tunnel excavation methods include a blast excavation method and a mechanical excavation method, all of which are methods of crushing rocks from the excavated portion of the tunnel and taking them out as crushed pieces.

  There are many prior art documents related to the location where the excavation conditions are bad, the tunnel merge, widening, etc. within the scope of the conventional excavation method in both patent documents and non-patent documents, and there are no documents related to the present invention.

In the conventional method, since all the rocks in the excavation part are crushed and taken out, the amount of work is large, a lot of energy is consumed for crushing, and even rocks having utility value are discarded as waste pieces.
The object of the present invention is to save the amount of work and energy when the rock is more than a certain level and can be used in excavation of a tunnel, and to effectively use the rock produced as a result of excavation.

We dig deeper on the outer edge of the tunnel excavation, make an elongated cylindrical rock piece that is attached to the original rock at the back edge, destroy the back edge and pull out the cylindrical rock piece, The remaining cavity becomes a tunnel.
As a method of digging toward the back on the tunnel excavation edge line, boring the tunnel excavation edge line to the back at an appropriate interval, and using the hole made by boring Use a rotating disk-type saw for stones to cut back and forth between the holes.
When pulling out the above-mentioned cylindrical rock fragment, the cross-section of the cylindrical rock fragment is narrowed upward and widened downward so that the cylindrical rock fragment is pulled out smoothly in the original bedrock. Take the gap between the bottom edge of the rock piece and the bedrock directly below the size of the roller or ball used to pull it out. After inserting the roller or ball, lower the cylindrical rock piece slightly, Alternatively, when placed on the ball, there should be sufficient clearance above and to the side of the original bedrock and cylindrical rock fragments.

After pulling out a cylindrical piece of rock, modify it into the required tunnel shape.
The term “cylindrical rock” as used herein means that the length is longer than the cross-sectional area, not the exact cylindrical shape.
The upper part of the cylindrical rock fragment is narrow and the lower part is wide. If the tunnel as designed is vertical, as shown in Fig. 2, the original rock can be moved down even if the cylindrical rock fragment is lowered. Since there is no gap between the rocks and the rocks are in contact with each other, and the friction when pulling out is large, make the rocks into a cylindrical rock with the top narrow and the bottom wide, and lower it down slightly. This is because there is a gap between the two and friction is eliminated. After that, it needs to be corrected to match the design drawing, but it is not a large amount of work.
Therefore, the construction for creating the gap is performed only on the lower side, and the construction amount as a whole can be greatly reduced.

By carrying out the present invention, it is expected that the amount of work and energy consumption required for tunnel excavation will be smaller than conventional ones, and construction costs can be saved. Moreover, since the rock pieces produced during excavation are large, they can be used as stone materials for various purposes and become valuable, so they can be deducted from the construction cost and the construction cost can be reduced.
The construction cost of the tunnel can be greatly reduced, so that not only tunnels such as traffic, water and sewage, power line communication lines, etc., but also tunnels as an alternative to buildings can be constructed within the economic scope as a place for social activities It becomes a place for social activities that do not require the cost of maintenance and repair of roofs, walls, and demolition removal after the service life. There are other necessary expenses such as lighting, ventilation, safety measures, and wired wireless devices, but the cost is much lower.

Since Japan has a small area, and there are only mountains and few flat lands, space that does not require solar irradiation can be made into the hole as much as possible to compensate for the narrowness of the area. It will be advantageous to tsunami.
Social activities in mountainous areas, rias coastlines, etc., can be changed from energy-consuming lifting behavior to energy-saving horizontal behavior.
Rather than just a single tunnel, you can dig diagonally and sideways and build a plaza within a safe range of strength.
Since abundant stones can be obtained, disaster countermeasures can be strengthened by making it possible to use abundant materials for coastal and river revetments as well as construction materials.

The cross-sectional area of a normal tunnel is quite large, and it is difficult to pull it out as a single cylindrical rock fragment. It is practical to dig and pull out.
In addition, it is reasonable to work from the higher divisions to the lower divisions.
When digging, the width between the bottom rock and the cylindrical rock fragment is a little lower than the cylindrical rock fragment in order to obtain the gap between the rock and the cylindrical rock fragment. For example, the drilling is performed in two steps according to the required width, and the hole between the holes is cut with a saw to connect to the back of the tunnel rock fragment. Take measures such as breaking the edge and pulling it out.

In order to destroy the back end, gunpowder is put on the back end of the hole in the bowling, and the entrance side of the hole is closed to blow up. Alternatively, the rocks are made brittle with strong ultrasonic waves so that they cannot withstand the gravity of cylindrical rocks and then destroyed. In addition, it is broken little by little, and the cylindrical rock is bent by the weight so that the tip part is placed on the roller or ball first, or the size of the roller or ball is attached to the original bedrock In the vicinity, it may be possible to reduce the shock of breaking down and dropping the cylindrical rock fragment, such as making it small enough to make a small drop and gradually reducing it.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a state in which a lower portion 1 of an outer edge line of a tunnel and other portions 2 of an outer edge line of the tunnel are dug toward the back according to the present invention.
The outer edge lines 1 and 2 dug from the surface 4 of the bedrock 3 to the back are displayed as having a width, but the lower part 1 of the outer edge line needs to be wide, but other parts of the outer edge line. According to the method of claim 2, the width of 2 disappears, and the width (gap) is created at the stage where the back end 5 is broken and the cylindrical rock is lowered slightly, but here it is easy to understand It is drawn so that there is a width from the beginning.
There is a cylindrical rock 6 that is attached to the original rock at the back end 5 part.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the state where the excavation outer edge is dug according to the present invention. According to the method of claim 3, only the hatched portion 7 is dug small, and the hatched portion 7 is shaped later. In both FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the lower part 1 is dug to a large width in order to use a roller and a ball, and to slightly lower a cylindrical rock piece.

FIG. 3 shows a state described in claim 2 in which boring is first carried out toward the back, and the holes 8 of the boring are cut by a stone saw and communicated by a cutting line 9.
The method shown in this figure is applied to the “other part” indicated by reference numeral 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is an example of a method for digging the lower part of the tunnel outer edge line denoted by reference numeral 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Boring up and down in two steps, connect the holes in the boring with a rotating disk-type saw for stone, and make a plate-shaped piece of rock that is attached to the bedrock at the back edge. Destroy the inner edge and pull it out.
The large circle 10 at the top and bottom bowling, which is the second from the right, depicts only one ball that rolls with the hole in the bowling as a rail when pulling out. Place a plurality of such balls in the holes of each bowl and pull out the rock pieces.

1 is a side view of a tunnel according to the present invention. It is a front view of the state dug on the excavation outer edge line by this invention. It shows a state in which the drilling is carried out toward the back, and the holes between the bores are cut with a stone saw and are connected with a cutting line. FIG. 3 is an example of how to dig a lower portion of a tunnel outer edge line denoted by reference numeral 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.

1 Lower part of tunnel outer edge line 2 Other parts of tunnel outer edge line
3 bedrock (the topsoil part is omitted)
4 Surface of the rock mass 5 Portion where the rock mass and cylindrical rock fragments are attached (the back edge)
6 Cylindrical rock pieces 7 The difference between the rock pieces drawn out by narrowing the top and making the bottom wide and the tunnel shape of the design 8 Holes for boring 9 Cutting lines connecting holes cut with stone saws
10 Ball to be placed under the outer edge of the tunnel

Claims (3)

The tunnel excavates along the outer edge of the tunnel, making an elongated cylindrical rock piece that is attached to the original rock at the back edge, destroying the back edge and pulling out the cylindrical rock piece Tunnel construction method. Boring on the outer edge of the tunnel at an appropriate interval, boring toward the back, using a hole made by boring, using a rotary disk saw for stone, etc. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel is advanced toward the back. In order to easily pull out the cylindrical rock fragment, when digging deeper on the outer edge of the excavation, the upper part is narrow and the lower part is wide as viewed from the front view of the cylindrical rock fragment. The lower end is digged to a width obtained by adding a width for lowering a cylindrical rock piece to a slightly lower position and a width for inserting a roller or a ball used to smoothly draw the cylindrical rock piece. The tunnel construction method according to 2.

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