JP2013013843A - Method for treating alkali metal-containing waste - Google Patents

Method for treating alkali metal-containing waste Download PDF

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JP2013013843A
JP2013013843A JP2011147183A JP2011147183A JP2013013843A JP 2013013843 A JP2013013843 A JP 2013013843A JP 2011147183 A JP2011147183 A JP 2011147183A JP 2011147183 A JP2011147183 A JP 2011147183A JP 2013013843 A JP2013013843 A JP 2013013843A
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waste
alkali metal
dust
solid
firing furnace
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Takayuki Suzuki
崇幸 鈴木
Eiji Fukamachi
英司 深町
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To treat alkali metal-containing waste while recovering alkali metal.SOLUTION: Alkali metal-containing first waste W1 is calcined together with chlorine-containing second waste W2 in a kiln 2 to evaporate the alkali metal contained in the first waste in the kiln. A part or all of exhaust gas G1 from the kiln is cooled to solidify components evaporated in the kiln. Dust D containing solidified volatile components is recovered and then the dust is subjected to solid-liquid separation while performing water-washing. Filtrate F produced by solid-liquid separation is brought into contact with zeolite to adsorb the alkali metal onto the zeolite Z. A rotary kiln or the like can be used as the kiln.

Description

本発明は、アルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法に関し、特に、アルカリ金属含有廃棄物に含まれるアルカリ金属を回収しながら該廃棄物を処理する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for treating alkali metal-containing waste, and more particularly to a method for treating the waste while recovering alkali metal contained in the alkali metal-containing waste.

近年、増大する廃棄物の有効利用の一環として、廃棄物をセメント原料化する試みがなされている。しかし、セメントの品質や安定運転の問題からアルカリ金属や塩素を多量に含む廃棄物の利用は制限されている。そのため、色付ガラス瓶等のアルカリ金属を含む廃棄物は有効に再利用されることなく埋め立て処理され、塩素を含有するプラスチック廃棄物等は、燃焼すると塩化水素やダイオキシン等の有害物質を発生する懸念があり、不用意に燃焼処理することができない。   In recent years, attempts have been made to use waste as a raw material for cement as part of the effective use of increasing waste. However, the use of waste containing a large amount of alkali metals and chlorine is restricted due to the quality of cement and stable operation. Therefore, waste containing alkali metals such as colored glass bottles is landfilled without being effectively reused, and plastic waste containing chlorine may generate harmful substances such as hydrogen chloride and dioxin when burned. Inadequate combustion treatment is not possible.

一方、近年、最終処分場としての埋立地は不足しているため、上記廃棄物を埋め立て処理する上でも問題がある。このような社会的背景から、アルカリ金属や塩素を多量に含む上記廃棄物を有効利用する方法が切望されていた。   On the other hand, since there is a shortage of landfill sites as final disposal sites in recent years, there is a problem in landfilling the waste. From such a social background, a method for effectively utilizing the waste containing a large amount of alkali metals and chlorine has been desired.

そこで、特許文献１には、塩素含有可燃物を燃料又は燃料の一部として用い、アルカリ金属含有物を塩素含有可燃物と共に焼成してアルカリ金属を塩化物に転じて揮発させ、セメント原料の一部として再利用する方法が提案されている。   Therefore, in Patent Document 1, a chlorine-containing combustible material is used as a fuel or a part of the fuel, the alkali metal-containing material is fired together with the chlorine-containing combustible material, and the alkali metal is converted into chloride to volatilize. A method of reusing as a part has been proposed.

特開２００２−５９１１４号公報JP 2002-59114 A

特許文献１に記載の焼成物の製造方法により、塩素やアルカリ金属を多量に含む廃棄物を有効利用することができるが、同文献には、塩化物に転じたアルカリ金属の処理については触れられておらず、アルカリ金属の処理方法が問題となる。   Although the waste containing a large amount of chlorine and alkali metal can be effectively used by the method for producing a fired product described in Patent Document 1, the same document mentions the treatment of alkali metal converted to chloride. However, the method for treating alkali metal becomes a problem.

そこで、本発明は、上記従来の技術における問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、アルカリ金属を回収しながら、アルカリ金属含有廃棄物を処理する方法を提供することを目的とする。   Then, this invention is made | formed in view of the problem in the said prior art, Comprising: It aims at providing the method of processing an alkali metal containing waste, collect | recovering alkali metals.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、アルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法であって、アルカリ金属を含有する第１の廃棄物を、塩素を含有する第２の廃棄物と共に焼成炉で焼成し、該焼成炉において前記第１の廃棄物に含まれるアルカリ金属を揮発させ、前記焼成炉の排ガスの一部又は全部を冷却して前記焼成炉で揮発した成分を固体化し、該固体化した揮発成分を含むダストを回収し、該ダストを水洗しながら固液分離し、該固液分離により生成したろ液をゼオライトに接触させ、該ゼオライトに前記アルカリ金属を吸着させることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for treating alkali metal-containing waste, in which a first waste containing an alkali metal is fired in a firing furnace together with a second waste containing chlorine. In the firing furnace, the alkali metal contained in the first waste is volatilized, the exhaust gas of the firing furnace is partially or wholly cooled to solidify the components volatilized in the firing furnace, and the solidified volatilization The dust containing the components is collected, the dust is solid-liquid separated while being washed with water, the filtrate produced by the solid-liquid separation is brought into contact with the zeolite, and the alkali metal is adsorbed on the zeolite.

そして、本発明によれば、アルカリ金属含有廃棄物に含まれるアルカリ金属を、最終的にゼオライトに吸着させて回収することができ、アルカリ金属を回収しながら該廃棄物を処理することができる。   According to the present invention, the alkali metal contained in the alkali metal-containing waste can be finally adsorbed on the zeolite and recovered, and the waste can be treated while recovering the alkali metal.

上記アルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法において、前記第１の廃棄物を、下水汚泥、建設発生土、廃油、廃ガラス、食品廃棄物、木質系バイオマス廃棄物及び医療廃棄物からなる群から選択される一つ以上とすることができる。   In the method for treating alkali metal-containing waste, the first waste is selected from the group consisting of sewage sludge, construction generated soil, waste oil, waste glass, food waste, woody biomass waste, and medical waste. Can be one or more.

また、前記第２の廃棄物を、焼却灰、ばいじん、廃プラ、廃塩ビ及びＡＳＲからなる群から選択される一つ以上とすることができる。   The second waste may be one or more selected from the group consisting of incineration ash, dust, waste plastic, waste PVC, and ASR.

さらに、前記焼成炉から排出される残渣、又は／及び前記ダストの水洗及び固液分離により得られる水洗ケーキを、セメント原料として使用することができる。   Furthermore, the residue discharged | emitted from the said baking furnace, and / or the water washing cake obtained by the water washing and solid-liquid separation of the said dust can be used as a cement raw material.

また、前記焼成炉を、ロータリーキルンとすることができる。   Further, the firing furnace can be a rotary kiln.

以上のように、本発明によれば、アルカリ金属を回収しながら、アルカリ金属含有廃棄物を処理することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, waste containing alkali metal can be treated while collecting alkali metal.

本発明にかかるアルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法を実施するシステムの一例を示す全体構成図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a whole block diagram which shows an example of the system which enforces the processing method of the alkali metal containing waste concerning this invention.

次に、本発明を実施するための形態について図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   Next, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明にかかるアルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法を実施するシステムの一例を示し、このシステム１は、焼成炉としてロータリーキルン２を備え、ロータリーキルン２の燃焼排ガス（以下「排ガス」という）Ｇ１の一部又は全部を冷却するガス冷却工程３と、冷却されたガスに含まれるダストＤを捕集するダスト捕集工程４と、捕集したダストＤを水洗するダスト水洗工程５と、水洗後のスラリーＳを固液分離するろ過工程６と、固液分離されたろ液Ｆに含まれるアルカリ金属をゼオライトＺに吸着させるゼオライト吸着工程７とで構成される。尚、同図において、実線が固体を、目の粗い破線がガスを、目の細かい破線が液体の流れを示す   FIG. 1 shows an example of a system for carrying out a method for treating alkali metal-containing waste according to the present invention. This system 1 includes a rotary kiln 2 as a firing furnace, and combustion exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust gas”) of the rotary kiln 2. Gas cooling step 3 for cooling part or all of G1, dust collecting step 4 for collecting dust D contained in the cooled gas, dust water washing step 5 for washing collected dust D, and water washing It comprises a filtration step 6 for solid-liquid separation of the later slurry S and a zeolite adsorption step 7 for adsorbing alkali metal contained in the filtrate F obtained by solid-liquid separation to the zeolite Z. In the figure, the solid line indicates the solid, the rough broken line indicates the gas, and the fine broken line indicates the flow of the liquid.

ロータリーキルン２は、アルカリ金属を含有する第１の廃棄物Ｗ１を、塩素を含有する第２の廃棄物Ｗ２と共に１２００℃以上の温度で焼成し、ロータリーキルン２において第１の廃棄物Ｗ１に含まれるアルカリ金属を塩化揮発させるために備えられる。   The rotary kiln 2 bakes the first waste W1 containing alkali metal together with the second waste W2 containing chlorine at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher, and the alkali contained in the first waste W1 in the rotary kiln 2. Provided to volatilize metals.

ガス冷却工程３は、ロータリーキルン２の排ガスＧ１を冷却用空気Ａによって冷却するために備えられ、これによって排ガス中のアルカリ金属の塩化物が微結晶化する。   The gas cooling step 3 is provided for cooling the exhaust gas G1 of the rotary kiln 2 with the cooling air A, whereby the alkali metal chloride in the exhaust gas is microcrystallized.

ダスト捕集工程４は、ガス冷却工程３で冷却され、排ガス処理剤Ｔが添加された後の排ガスＧ２に含まれるダストＤを捕集するために備えられ、バグフィルタ、電機集塵機、サイクロン等が配置される。   The dust collection process 4 is provided for collecting dust D contained in the exhaust gas G2 after being cooled in the gas cooling process 3 and added with the exhaust gas treating agent T, and includes a bag filter, an electric dust collector, a cyclone, etc. Be placed.

ダスト水洗工程５は、ダスト捕集工程４で捕集したダストＤをスラリー化用水Ｌを用いて水洗するために備えられ、撹拌槽等が配置される。   The dust water washing step 5 is provided for washing the dust D collected in the dust collecting step 4 using the slurrying water L, and a stirring tank or the like is arranged.

ろ過工程６は、ダスト水洗工程５で水洗後のスラリーＳを固液分離するために備えられ、フィルタプレス、ベルトフィルタ等が配置される。   The filtration step 6 is provided for solid-liquid separation of the slurry S after water washing in the dust water washing step 5, and a filter press, a belt filter, and the like are arranged.

ゼオライト吸着工程７は、ろ過工程６で固液分離されたろ液Ｆに含まれるアルカリ金属をゼオライトＺに吸着させるために備えられ、アルカリ金属の吸着に天然又は人工のゼオライトが用いられる。   The zeolite adsorption step 7 is provided for adsorbing the alkali metal contained in the filtrate F solid-liquid separated in the filtration step 6 on the zeolite Z, and natural or artificial zeolite is used for adsorption of the alkali metal.

次に、上記システム１の動作について、図１を参照しながら説明する。   Next, the operation of the system 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

下水汚泥、建設発生土、廃油、廃ガラス、食品廃棄物、木質系バイオマス廃棄物、医療廃棄物等のアルカリ金属（Ｌｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｒｂ、Ｃｓ）を含有する第１の廃棄物Ｗ１を、焼却灰、ばいじん、廃プラ、廃塩ビ、ＡＳＲ等の塩素を含有する第２の廃棄物Ｗ２、及び低融点物質の生成による運転障害を防止するための、炭酸カルシウム、生石灰、消石灰等のその他の物質Ｏと共にロータリーキルン２に投入し、１２００℃以上の温度で焼成する。これにより、上記アルカリ金属は、塩化物となって揮発する。また、ロータリーキルン２からは、第１の廃棄物Ｗ１、第２の廃棄物Ｗ２及びその他の物質Ｏの燃焼による残渣Ｒが排出されるが、これはセメント原料として使用することができる。   First waste W1 containing alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) such as sewage sludge, construction generated soil, waste oil, waste glass, food waste, woody biomass waste, medical waste, etc. , Second waste W2 containing chlorine such as incineration ash, dust, waste plastic, waste PVC, ASR, and others such as calcium carbonate, quick lime, slaked lime, etc. Into the rotary kiln 2 together with the substance O, and fired at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher. Thereby, the said alkali metal volatilizes as a chloride. Moreover, although the residue R by combustion of the 1st waste W1, the 2nd waste W2, and the other substance O is discharged | emitted from the rotary kiln 2, this can be used as a cement raw material.

次に、ガス冷却工程３において、ロータリーキルン２の排ガスＧ１を冷却用空気等によって２００℃程度に急冷し、塩化物となって揮発しているアルカリ金属を固体に変化させ、アルカリ金属の塩化物の微結晶を排ガスＧ１のダストに付着させる。   Next, in the gas cooling step 3, the exhaust gas G1 of the rotary kiln 2 is rapidly cooled to about 200 ° C. with cooling air or the like, and the alkali metal that has been volatilized as chloride is changed into a solid. The microcrystals are adhered to the dust of the exhaust gas G1.

ガス冷却工程３で冷却された排ガスＧ２に、消石灰、重曹等の排ガス処理剤Ｔを添加して中和処理した後、ダスト捕集工程４において、排ガスＧ２に含まれるダストＤを捕集する。ダストＤを捕集した後の清浄な排ガスＧ３は、大気へ放出する。   After the exhaust gas treating agent T such as slaked lime and baking soda is added to the exhaust gas G2 cooled in the gas cooling step 3 and neutralized, the dust D contained in the exhaust gas G2 is collected in the dust collecting step 4. The clean exhaust gas G3 after collecting the dust D is released to the atmosphere.

次いで、ダスト水洗工程５の撹拌槽等において、ダスト捕集工程４で捕集したダストＤとスラリー化用水Ｌとを混合撹拌しながらスラリー化し、水洗する。これによって、ダストＤに付着していたアルカリ金属の塩化物が水に溶解する。   Next, the dust D collected in the dust collection step 4 and the slurrying water L are slurried while being mixed and stirred in a stirring tank of the dust water washing step 5 and washed with water. Thereby, the alkali metal chloride adhering to the dust D is dissolved in water.

次に、ろ過工程６において、水洗後のスラリーＳを固液分離し、水洗ケーキＣと、ろ液Ｆに分離する。これによって、水に溶解しているアルカリ金属イオンＭ+、及び塩素イオンＣｌ-がろ液Ｆ側に含まれることとなる。水洗ケーキＣは、残渣Ｒと同じく、セメント原料として使用が可能である。 Next, in the filtration step 6, the slurry S after water washing is separated into solid and liquid, and separated into a water washing cake C and a filtrate F. As a result, alkali metal ions M + and chlorine ions Cl − dissolved in water are contained on the filtrate F side. The washing cake C, like the residue R, can be used as a cement raw material.

最後に、ゼオライト吸着工程において、ろ液Ｆに含まれるアルカリ金属イオンＭ+をゼオライトＺに吸着させ、吸着物Ｚｍを回収する。一方、ゼオライトＺに吸着されなかった塩素イオンＣｌ-を含む排水Ｄｒは、適宜排水処理を行った後、河川等へ放流する。 Finally, in the zeolite adsorption step, alkali metal ions M + contained in the filtrate F are adsorbed on the zeolite Z, and the adsorbate Zm is recovered. On the other hand, the waste water Dr containing chlorine ions Cl − not adsorbed on the zeolite Z is appropriately discharged and then discharged to a river or the like.

尚、上記実施の形態においては、ロータリーキルンを用いて焼成したが、ストーカ炉、流動床式焼成炉等、他の焼成炉を用いることも可能である。   In the above embodiment, firing is performed using a rotary kiln, but other firing furnaces such as a stoker furnace and a fluidized bed firing furnace may be used.

次に、ゼオライトによるアルカリ金属の吸着試験結果について記載する。   Next, the results of the alkali metal adsorption test with zeolite will be described.

試験は、ゼオライトを充填したカラムにアルカリ金属を含有するろ液Ｆを通液し、通液前後のろ液中のアルカリ金属濃度を、通液前を１００とした場合で評価した。結果を下表に示す。   In the test, the filtrate F containing an alkali metal was passed through a column packed with zeolite, and the alkali metal concentration in the filtrate before and after the passage was evaluated as 100 before passing. The results are shown in the table below.

Figure 2013013843
Figure 2013013843

上記の結果から、本法を用いることにより、効率的にアルカリ金属を回収できることが判る。   From the above results, it can be seen that the alkali metal can be efficiently recovered by using this method.

１ アルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理システム
２ ロータリーキルン
３ ガス冷却工程
４ ダスト捕集工程
５ ダスト水洗工程
６ ろ過工程
７ ゼオライト吸着工程 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing system of alkali metal containing waste 2 Rotary kiln 3 Gas cooling process 4 Dust collection process 5 Dust water washing process 6 Filtration process 7 Zeolite adsorption process

Claims (5)

アルカリ金属を含有する第１の廃棄物を、塩素を含有する第２の廃棄物と共に焼成炉で焼成し、該焼成炉において前記第１の廃棄物に含まれるアルカリ金属を揮発させ、
前記焼成炉の排ガスの一部又は全部を冷却して前記焼成炉で揮発した成分を固体化し、 該固体化した揮発成分を含むダストを回収し、
該ダストを水洗しながら固液分離し、
該固液分離により生成したろ液をゼオライトに接触させ、該ゼオライトに前記アルカリ金属を吸着させることを特徴とするアルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法。 The first waste containing the alkali metal is fired in a firing furnace together with the second waste containing chlorine, and the alkali metal contained in the first waste is volatilized in the firing furnace,
Cooling part or all of the exhaust gas from the firing furnace to solidify the components volatilized in the firing furnace, and recovering the dust containing the solidified volatile components,
Solid-liquid separation while washing the dust with water,
A method for treating an alkali metal-containing waste, wherein the filtrate produced by the solid-liquid separation is brought into contact with zeolite, and the alkali metal is adsorbed on the zeolite. 前記第１の廃棄物は、下水汚泥、建設発生土、廃油、廃ガラス、食品廃棄物、木質系バイオマス廃棄物及び医療廃棄物からなる群から選択される一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のアルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法。   The first waste is one or more selected from the group consisting of sewage sludge, construction generated soil, waste oil, waste glass, food waste, woody biomass waste, and medical waste. The processing method of the alkali metal containing waste of Claim 1. 前記第２の廃棄物は、焼却灰、ばいじん、廃プラ、廃塩ビ及びＡＳＲからなる群から選択される一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のアルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法。   3. The alkali metal-containing waste according to claim 1, wherein the second waste is one or more selected from the group consisting of incinerated ash, dust, waste plastic, waste PVC, and ASR. Processing method. 前記焼成炉から排出される残渣、又は／及び前記ダストの水洗及び固液分離により得られる水洗ケーキを、セメント原料として使用することを特徴とする請求項１、２又は３に記載のアルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法。   The alkali metal-containing product according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the residue discharged from the firing furnace or / and the washed cake obtained by washing and solid-liquid separation of the dust are used as a cement raw material. Waste disposal method. 前記焼成炉は、ロータリーキルンであることを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載のアルカリ金属含有廃棄物の処理方法。   The said baking furnace is a rotary kiln, The processing method of the alkali metal containing waste in any one of the Claims 1 thru | or 4 characterized by the above-mentioned.
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