JP2013013185A - Electric work vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric work vehicle which implements shock prevention at the leakage of the vehicle, can specify the leakage part, and improves the safety by prompt recovery efforts.SOLUTION: While the electric power is supplied from the battery B mounted on a machine platform 4 that composes the vehicle to the actuators M1-M6 through inverters I1-I6 provided on the vehicle, a traveling part of the vehicle and a working part comprising a plurality of processing parts are driven by these actuators M1-M6. A battery case that accommodates the batteries B, an inverter case that accommodates the inverters I1-I6, and a control case 103 that packs the controller inside are connected to the machine platform 4 through earth, and the minus terminal of the battery B is connected to the machine platform 4 through an electrical leakage resistance 105.

Description

  The present invention includes a battery mounted on a machine base that constitutes a vehicle, and the battery supplies electric power to an actuator via an inverter provided in the vehicle. More specifically, an electric work vehicle that drives a working unit composed of a processing unit, and more specifically, a battery case that houses a battery, an inverter case that houses an inverter, and a control case that houses a controller are grounded to the machine base In addition, the present invention relates to an electric work vehicle such as a combine that can prevent an electric shock and enhance safety by connecting a negative terminal of a battery to a machine base through a leakage resistance.

  A conventional combine (electric work vehicle) uses a driving force of an engine as a prime mover mounted on a vehicle body to drive a vehicle such as a crawler and a plurality of processing units such as cutting and threshing through various mechanical power transmission mechanisms. The working part consisting of was driven. In recent years, however, environmental problems have been emphasized, and air pollution reduction and fuel economy savings have been increasing. As a power source, a hybrid combine in which an engine and an electric motor are mounted on a vehicle has been proposed. This is because the vehicle has two drive sources, an engine and an electric motor, and uses them properly to reduce exhaust gas and improve fuel efficiency. As an example, the vehicle is equipped with an engine, a generator, a battery, an electric motor provided in the processing section, etc., and the driving section of the vehicle is driven by the power of the engine. There is one that supplies the electric power to the electric motor via a battery and drives a working unit such as a reaping device or a threshing device (for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, as a working part, an auxiliary output motor is provided in the handling cylinder separately from the engine that drives the handling cylinder of the threshing part, and when the vehicle speed linked to the driving of the handling cylinder is reduced, it is already cut off. Since the cereals that are being carried are transported to the threshing section as they are, the transport amount is not reduced, and if the handling cylinder is overloaded, the auxiliary output motor is operated and the auxiliary output motor cooperates with the engine. Then, there is one that drives the handling cylinder and performs assist control of the handling cylinder (for example, Patent Document 2).

  Furthermore, each of the electric motors for driving the traveling device, the reaping device and the threshing device is provided, and when the traveling load increases and the torque of the traveling electric motor is insufficient, each of the continuously variable transmissions of the threshing electric motor is The transmission clutch is turned on and off via the gear meshing interlock, and the electric motor for threshing is interlocked with the electric motor for traveling to assist the lack of torque of the electric motor for traveling by using the margin output of the electric motor for threshing. There is also a thing (patent document 3).

JP 2005-095057 A JP 2007-1111012 A JP 2003-000035 A

  However, in the combine as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3, in addition to the engine as a power source of the vehicle, an electric motor is used for a traveling device, a reaping device, a threshing device, etc. Since a large driving force is required due to the weight of the vehicle body and workability, the electric motor that drives them requires high-voltage power. Conventionally, the electric motor installed from the battery to the entire vehicle body uses the engine as the main power source. High voltage power is supplied.

  Therefore, for example, when a vehicle is immersed in water in a wet paddy field or the like is poorly insulated, or when the vehicle body collides with an obstacle and the wiring to the electric motor contacts the machine base, There is a risk of electric shock.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electric work vehicle that is capable of preventing an electric shock at the time of electric leakage of a vehicle and that can specify a location of electric leakage so that safety can be quickly restored.

  For this reason, the invention according to claim 1 mounts a battery on a machine base that constitutes a vehicle, and the battery supplies electric power to an actuator via an inverter provided in the vehicle. In an electric work vehicle that drives a traveling unit of the vehicle and a working unit composed of a plurality of processing units, a battery case that houses the battery, an inverter case that houses the inverter, and a control case that houses a controller The ground is connected to the machine base, and the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the machine base via a leakage resistance.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the electric work vehicle according to the first aspect, the battery and the actuator form an electric circuit via the inverter, and a leakage is detected in the electric circuit. An earth leakage detection circuit is provided.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the electric work vehicle according to the first or second aspect, a conductor that can cut off the supply of power supplied from the battery is provided in the electric circuit in the electric circuit. It is characterized by that.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the electric work vehicle according to the first to third aspects, the leakage detection circuit obtains electric power from the input capacitor of the inverter after the conduction of electricity from the battery by the conductor is interrupted, The voltage can be measured.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the battery is mounted on the machine base that constitutes the vehicle, and the battery supplies electric power to the actuator via the inverter provided in the vehicle, and the vehicle travel unit is driven by the actuator. And an electric work vehicle that drives a working unit composed of a plurality of processing units, and a battery case that houses the battery, an inverter case that houses the inverter, and a control case that houses the controller are grounded to the machine base Because the negative terminal of the battery was connected to the machine base via the earth leakage resistance, the body collided with an obstacle or the earth leakage due to an insulation failure, etc. It is possible to prevent the high voltage power from receiving an electric shock to the operator via the machine base. Therefore, it is possible to provide an electric work vehicle with improved safety.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the battery and the actuator form an electric circuit via the inverter, and the electric leakage detection circuit for detecting electric leakage is provided in the electric circuit. Measures the voltage in the electric circuit constantly, and based on the voltage detection result by the leakage detection circuit, when the voltage drops below the reference voltage, the controller recognizes the leakage and can quickly detect the leakage. . Therefore, it is possible to provide an electric work vehicle with improved safety.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the electric circuit is provided with a conductor on the battery side that can cut off the supply of power supplied from the battery, so that the vehicle body collides with an obstacle or has poor insulation. When electric leakage is caused by the above, the electric power supply from the battery is temporarily interrupted by the conductor, and the driving of each working unit driven by the electric motor can be stopped to prevent electric shock and ensure safety. Therefore, it is possible to provide an electric work vehicle with improved safety.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, since the leakage detection circuit obtains electric power from the input capacitor of the inverter after the conduction of electricity from the battery by the conductor is cut off, the voltage can be measured. Or the motor power wiring side can be determined, and a quick countermeasure can be performed by specifying the location of the electric leakage. Therefore, it is possible to provide an electric work vehicle with improved safety.

It is the left view which showed the electric combine as an example of the electric work vehicle which concerns on this invention. The top view of an electric combine. It is a left view of a cereal conveyance apparatus. It is a left side schematic diagram of a threshing part and a selection part. It is a power transmission block diagram of an electric combine. It is a schematic diagram which shows the power transmission path | route to each drive system of an electric combine. It is a left view of the vehicle lower part which connected each case to the negative terminal of the battery via the machine base. It is a front view of the vehicle lower part which connected each case to the negative terminal of the battery via the machine base. It is a schematic electric circuit diagram of the electric combine which shows earth connection. It is a schematic electric circuit diagram of an electric combine provided with a circuit for detecting electric leakage and cutting off power supply. It is a control block diagram of the electric circuit by a controller.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 is a right side view of an electric combine as an example of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a left side view of the electric combine, FIG. 3 is a left side view of the cereal conveying device, and FIG. FIG.

  First, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the electric combine 1 has a pair of left and right aircraft frames 2 provided with a traveling unit 3 that is a pair of left and right crawler type traveling devices. Is built. Further, on the machine base 4, a threshing device 7 including a pulling mechanism 8, a cutting blade 9, and a harvested product conveying means 10, and a feed chain 18 is stretched on the left side of the machine body and a handling cylinder 6 is built in. A certain threshing unit 5, a slaughter processing unit 11 that faces the end of the sewage chain, a glen tank 12 that carries in a mash from the threshing unit 5 via a milling cylinder, and a gutter from this glen tank 12 is carried out of the machine. A discharge auger 13 or the like as the transport unit 16 is installed.

  Furthermore, on the machine base 4 at the front of the machine body, a handle 14, a driver seat 15, and an engine (prime mover) E, a generator D and a battery B, which will be described later, are provided below the driver seat 15, With these configurations, the self-removing electric combine 1 is configured to continuously harvest and thresh crops such as rice.

  A vertical auger 13a of a discharge auger 13 for discharging the soot in the Glen tank 12 to the outside is erected at the rear of the machine base 3, and a horizontal auger 13b is provided at the upper end of the vertical auger 16a. It is connected continuously. With this vertical auger 13a as the center, the Glen tank 12 is provided so as to be able to turn left and right, and the front side of the Glen tank 12 can be rotated outward to be opened. In addition, a cereal conveyance device 17 is provided in the rear part of the machine base 3 continuously to the threshing unit 5.

  The cereals harvested by the reaping unit 7 are conveyed to the rear by the harvested product conveying means 10, and the stocker side is inherited from the upper end of the harvested product conveying means 10 to the feed chain 18 of the cultivated item conveying device 17, and the handling cylinder 6 The cereal meal is transported into the threshing apparatus comprising the threshing section 5 and the sorting section 19 through the supply start end. A waste transport chain 20 is disposed at the rear end of the feed chain 18, and a waste processing section (not shown) made up of a cutter, a binding machine and the like is formed below the rear of the waste transport chain 20, After cutting into pieces, it is released uniformly into the field while diffusing, or released without cutting.

  The threshing unit 5 is arranged on the left side in the traveling direction of the combine 1, and the grain tank 12 for storing the refined grains after sorting is arranged on the right side of the threshing unit 4. A driver seat 15 is disposed in front of the Glen tank 12. That is, the driver's seat 15 is disposed at the right front portion in the traveling direction of the aircraft. On the other hand, a vertical auger 13a of a discharge auger 13 is erected on the rear side of the Glen tank 12 so that the discharge auger 13 and the Glen tank 12 can be turned sideways around the vertical auger 16, and the Glen tank 12 is moved to the side. The inside of the fuselage is easily maintained by turning in the direction.

  A discharge conveyor 12a, which will be described later, is disposed in the front and rear direction at the bottom of the Glen tank 12, and the rear portion of the discharge conveyor communicates with the lower portion of the vertical auger 13a. Is transmitted so that the grain in the glen tank 12 can be discharged from the tip of the horizontal auger 13b to a truck or the like. Further, below the threshing unit 5, a sorting unit 19 is arranged to sort the grains from grains and swarf flowing down from the threshing unit 5, and to transport the refined grains to the glen tank 12, Etc. are discharged outside the machine.

  In the above-mentioned threshing unit 5, the cereal conveying device 17 is for conveying while squeezing one end (stock source side) of the harvested cereal, and rejecting and conveying the cereal harvested by the reaping unit 7. A feed chain 18 that conveys the chain 20, a clip 21 that is disposed above the feed chain 18 and clamps the cereal that is being conveyed, and a plurality that elastically supports the clamp 21 with respect to the machine side The elastic support 22 and the like.

  In this cereal transporting device 17, the stocker side of the cereal harvested by the reaping part 7 is sandwiched between the opposingly arranged squeegee 21 and the feed chain 18, and the handling cylinder 6 in the handling chamber 31 is used. It is configured to thresh, and a portion where the pinch 21 and the feed chain 18 face each other is used as a conveyance path. Then, the waste that has been shed by the threshing unit 5 is passed to the waste transport chain 20 at the rear end (downstream end) of the feed chain 18, and the waste transport chain 20 causes the waste to be removed. It is conveyed to the processing unit.

  The clamp 21 is provided by a support rod 24 fixed by a stay 23 and the like, and elastically supported by the support rod 24 via a plurality of elastic supports 22. The clamp 21 has a shape in which a pair of plate-like members are arranged in parallel to the left and right along the feed chain 18, and is formed in a reverse U-shape when viewed in the conveying direction by the feed chain 18. .

  The support rod 24 is a hollow columnar member, and is formed so as to be long in the front-rear direction on the left side in the handling chamber cover (not shown) and to be arranged in parallel with the pinching rod 21. On the side surface of the support rod 24, the elastic support 22 is arranged at regular intervals while the upper portion thereof is supported and disposed, and the clamp 21 is elastically supported on the lower portion of the elastic support 22. . The lower part of the elastic support 22 is pivotally supported by the pin 21 with a connecting pin, and the upper part of the elastic support 22 extends above the support bar 24.

  Next, the threshing unit 5 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the handling chamber 31 formed in the threshing unit 5 is provided with a substantially cylindrical handling cylinder 6 pivoted in the front-rear direction of the machine body. The teeth 32 are implanted. A semicircular receiving net 33 is detachably provided so as to cover the lower periphery of the barrel 6.

  On the other hand, the feed chain 18 restrains the stock side of the grain straw while the tip side of the grain straw is inserted below the barrel 6 and the grain straw is conveyed to the rear of the machine body. At this time, threshing is performed by rotation of the barrel 6 so that grains, sawdust and the like leak from the receiving net 33.

  Next, the selection unit 19 will be described. The sorting unit 19 performs swing sorting by the swing sorting device 41 and wind sorting by the Kara 42, and is sorted into the first thing, the second thing, the sawdust, and the like.

  The swing sorting device 41 is housed in the machine casing 43. A front end portion of the swing sorting device 41 extends to a position below the front end portion of the handling cylinder 6, and a swing shaft (not shown) is provided at the front lower portion of the swing sorting device 41, and a swing described later is provided at the rear portion. A drive mechanism 44 is provided, and the swing drive mechanism 44 is configured to swing the swing sorting device 41 with respect to the machine frame 43. A fuel tank (not shown) is disposed below the swing drive mechanism 44.

  At the front portion of the swing sorting device 41, a drifting grain plate 45 is provided, and a conveying plate 46 is provided below and below the drifting grain plate 45. These cereal plates 45 and conveying plates 46 are formed by corrugating plate-like members, and the processed material (mixture with grains and swarf etc.) that has passed through the receiving net 33 is the cereal plate 45 and It falls onto the transport plate 46 and is transported to the rear of the machine body by the swing of the swing sorting device 41.

  A net-like grain sieve (sieving device) 47, which is a second sorting unit, is connected to the rear of the transport plate 46, and above the grain sheave 47 and the transport plate 46 and behind the cereal plate 45. A chaff sheave 48, which is a first sorting unit, is mounted. Further, a stroller 49 is disposed behind the chaff sheave 48.

  The chaff sheave 48 is composed of a plurality of chaff fins, and can adjust the opening degree of the chaff fins according to the amount of the processed material to be input. That is, the upper and lower end portions of the chaff fin are pivotally supported by the swing sorting device 41 and are pivotally connected to swing plates provided on the left and right sides of the chaff sheave 48, and the other end portions are provided on the left and right sides of the chaff sheave 48. It is pivotally connected to a sliding plate (not shown) provided.

  The sliding plate is swung integrally with the swing sorting device 41, and an adjusting lever (not shown) is pivotally connected to the sliding plate, and the loosening of a wire (not shown) connected to the adjusting lever is relaxed. Alternatively, the sliding plate is slid back and forth by traction. The adjustment lever is urged in a direction to make the inclination angle of each chaff fin small (lay down) by a spring (not shown) provided on the opposite side of the wire.

  Then, the angle of the chaff fin is changed by sliding of the sliding plate, and when the inclination angle of the chaff fin is made large (standing), the amount of leakage of the grains is increased by increasing the opening of the chaff sheave 48, When the inclination angle of the chaff fin is made small (sleeps), the opening of the chaff sheave 48 is made small so that the amount of grain leakage is reduced.

  Thus, the grains and fine swarf fall down through the chaff sheave 48, and swarf and the like larger than the opening of the chaff sheave 48 are conveyed backward. At this time, an air flow from the front to the rear of the sorting unit 19 is generated between the chaff sheave 48 and the grain sheave 47 by the tang koji 42, and a part of the fine swarf is blown back and separated from the grains. The

  The tang 42 is arranged below the rear part of the front grain board 45 and below the front part of the rear grain board 46 in the swing sorting device 19, and blows the sorting wind to the chaff sheave 48 and the grain sieve 47.

  In the vicinity of the rear end portion of the swing sorting device 41, a suction fan 50 is installed across the entire width, and sucks dust that has been carried on the flow of sorting wind supplied from the Karatsu 42, dust generated during threshing, and the like. The air is sucked by the fan 50 and discharged out of the apparatus.

  In the process in which the mixture of grains, shoots adhering grains, immature grains and fine swarf that have been thrown into the sorting unit 19 and leaked onto the front-flow grain board 45 is leaked onto the chaff sheave 48, Due to the air flow from the front to the rear of the sorting unit 19 generated by the tang 42, a part of the fine sawdust is blown away backward.

  Then, the mixture of grains, shoots adhering grains, immature grains and fine shavings that have leaked onto the chaff sheave 48 is conveyed rearward by the swinging of the swing sorting device 41. At this time, these grains Grains, immature grains, shoots adhering grains, fine swarf, etc. fall below the opening of the chaff sheave 48, and large swarf is transported to the rear of the chaff sheave 48 and is discharged out of the machine through the stroller 49. The

  In addition, the grains, the immature grains, the shoots adhering grains, the fine shavings, and the like that have dropped below the opening of the chaff sheave 48 are leaked onto the backflow grain plate 46 and the grain sieve 47. At this time, a part of the fine swarf is blown away and separated by the sorting air from the tang 42.

  Further, among the grains, immature grains, shoot adhering grains, and fine swarf leaked on the grain sieve 47, the grain, immature grain, fine swarf, etc. pass through the grain sieve 47 and move downward. Fall. At this time, the heaviest grain (first) is collected by the first collecting unit 51 and is conveyed from the first conveyor 51a, which will be described later, to the grain tank 12 through a cereal conveyor (not shown).

  On the other hand, unprocessed grains mixed with immature grains with a small weight, a part of fine swarf, spiked grains, grains, etc. are blown rearward by the sorting wind from the Karatsu 42 and collected in the second collecting section 52. Then, the second conveyor 52a, which will be described later, passes through a second reduction conveyor (not shown), and is re-introduced onto the upstream cereal board 45 (or the chaff sheave 48).

  Next, the power transmission configuration of the electric combine of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a power transmission configuration diagram of the electric combine, and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a power transmission path to each drive system of the electric combine.

  The electric combine 1 according to the present invention includes a drive source of a drive system that configures a working unit 61 including a plurality of processing units such as a traveling unit 3 and a threshing unit 5 and a mowing unit 7 as an electric motor M (actuator) and an engine (motor). E is used together, and a part of the drive source of the working unit 61 is used as the power of the engine E.

  As shown in FIG. 1, for example, between the feed chain 18 and the traveling unit 3 on the left side of the vehicle and on the machine stand 4 in the vehicle front-rear direction, a plurality of batteries B to be described in detail later are provided. They are arranged in parallel (seven in the example, but the number of installation is not limited).

  A generator D connected to a crankshaft (not shown) of the engine E is installed on the machine base 4 in the vicinity of the engine E. The generator D is connected to the battery B. Accordingly, the battery B is charged with a relatively high voltage electric power generated by the generator D driven by the power of the engine E, and is used as a drive source of a vehicle drive system described later.

  In addition to the generator D described above, a known alternator (not shown) is also installed in the engine E. Electric power with a relatively low voltage generated by the alternator driven by the power of the engine E is separately installed. In a vehicle equipped with a vehicle light or cabin through a battery (not shown), it is used as a power source for an air conditioner or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the power transmission configuration of the electric combine 1 using the engine E and the generator D is as follows. First, the engine E includes a generator 6 and a barrel 6 of the threshing unit 5 constituting the working unit 61. Only connected. A battery B is connected to the generator D.

  Further, the battery B is a working unit 61 other than the handling cylinder 6 of the vehicle, which is installed in each driving unit that drives the cutting unit 7, and a handling cylinder that drives the threshing unit 5. The threshing unit electric motor M2 installed in each driving unit other than 6, the sorting unit electric motor M3 installed in each driving unit that drives the sorting unit 19, and the drain installed in each driving unit that drives the rejection processing unit 11. The scissor processing unit electric motor M4 and a transport unit electric motor M5 installed in each drive unit that drives the transport unit 16 are connected to each other through inverters I1 to I5 and a driver (not shown).

  Furthermore, a traveling unit electric motor M6 is connected to the battery B via a drive unit that drives the traveling unit 3 via an inverter I6 and a driver (not shown). In addition, each electric motor M1-M6 is an illustration of an actuator, Comprising: The structure is not limited.

  That is, the working unit 61 is driven by the power of the engine E (the handling cylinder 6), and the threshing except for the handling cylinder 6 that is driven by the power of the motors M1 to M5 by the power of the battery B and the motor B. The actuator driving unit 63 including the unit 5 is configured.

  The batteries B may be disposed on the machine base 4 on the left side of the machine body in a symmetrical position with respect to the Glen tank 12 provided on the right side of the machine body in the vehicle traveling direction. The battery B is a secondary battery, and a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion polymer battery, a nickel / hydrogen battery, or the like can be used as appropriate.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the power transmission from the engine E and the electric motors M1 to M6 to the drive systems is as follows. First, in the engine drive unit 62, the power of the engine E is the threshing clutch c and the transmission gear. G is transmitted to the drive shaft 6a of the handling cylinder 6 by the V-belt v via g or the like, and the handling cylinder 6 is driven by the power of the engine E.

  On the other hand, since the motive power of the engine E also drives the generator D, the electric power generated by the generator D is charged in the battery B connected to the inverters I1 to I6 described later.

  In the cutting unit 7, for example, the output shaft of the cutting unit electric motor M1 connected to the inverter I1 is coupled to the cutting input shaft 7a that drives the entire cutting unit 7. The cutting unit 7 has a known configuration including a culm pulling device 65 including a pulling tine chain 64, a culm conveying device 67 including a scraping belt 66, a cutting blade device 69 including a cutting blade drive unit 68, and the like. The power can be relayed between these devices by a known mechanical transmission mechanism such as a belt or gear. However, the present invention is not limited to the above. For example, the input shaft that drives each device in the cutting unit 7 You may install an electric motor via an inverter, respectively.

  Further, the input shaft 18a that drives the feed chain 18 of the threshing unit 5 is coupled to the threshing unit electric motor M2 connected to the inverter I2, and the swing drive mechanism 44 of the swing sorting device 41 in the sorting unit 19 and The input shafts for driving the Kara 42, the first conveyor 51a linked to the cereal conveyor, the second conveyor 52a linked to the second reduction conveyor, etc. are connected to the inverters I3a, I3b, I3c and I3d constituting the inverter I3, respectively. The sorting unit electric motors M3a, M3b, M3c, and M3d that configure the connected sorting unit electric motor M3 are coupled.

  In addition, a threshing portion electric motor constituting a threshing portion electric motor M4 connected to inverters I4a and I4b constituting an inverter I4 is connected to an input shaft for driving the waste conveying chain 20 and the suction fan 50 of the waste treatment portion 11 and the like. While M4a and M4b are coupled, in the transport unit 16, a threshing unit electric motor M5 connected to the inverter I5 is coupled to an input shaft that drives the discharge conveyor 12a interlocked with the vertical auger 13a and the horizontal auger 13b.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6 described above, the traveling unit 3 according to the present invention includes a traveling unit electric motor M6 connected to the left and right drive sprockets 3a and 3b of the crawler traveling device to the inverters I6a and I6b constituting the inverter I6. The traveling section electric motors M6a and M6b constituting the motor are connected.

  By adopting such a configuration, the engine power can be limited to a part of the drive source of the working unit 61, so that the engine E can be reduced to a minimum size and the traveling unit 3 can be reduced in size. The structure of the traveling unit 3 can be simplified without the need for a mechanical power transmission member that transmits engine power.

  In particular, by using only the handling cylinder 6 that requires the most output in the drive system of the vehicle as the engine power, even the handling cylinder 6 that requires a large load on rotation by winding or pinching a large amount of cereals around the handling teeth. In addition to being able to be driven to rotate smoothly, the engine E can be reduced in size to the minimum necessary size, reducing exhaust gas and improving fuel efficiency.

  Next, a specific configuration of the vehicle safety mechanism against electric leakage of the present invention will be described. 7 is a left side view of the lower part of the vehicle in which each case is grounded to the negative terminal of the battery via the machine base, and FIG. 8 is a front view of the lower part of the vehicle in which each case is grounded to the negative terminal of the battery via the machine base. FIG. 9 is a schematic electric circuit diagram of the electric combiner showing the ground connection.

  The electric motors M1 to M6 are supplied with a higher amount of high-voltage power than ever before via the battery B, the inverters I1 to I6, and the controller C that controls the operation of the inverters I1 to I6. Therefore, for example, the vehicle is immersed in water in a wet paddy field, resulting in poor insulation, the vehicle body collides with an obstacle, the wiring toward the electric motors M1 to M6 contacts the machine base 2, and the high voltage current leaks. In this case, the electric combine 1 of the present invention is provided with a leakage prevention means so that the operator does not get an electric shock.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, this leakage prevention means is made of a metal housing a plurality of batteries B (seven in the illustrated example) placed on the rear part of the machine base 4 via the machine body frame 2. The battery case 101 and the machine base 4 are grounded by the ground wire 102. Specifically, for example, a pin protruding from the battery case 101 and a pin protruding from the machine base 4 near the battery case 101 are connected by the ground wire 102. The ground wire 102 may be, for example, a well-known brass plated with nickel.

  Next, a control case 103 such as a metal housing a controller C (described later) installed at an appropriate position in the body (on the machine base 4 in the example) and the machine base 2 in the vicinity of the control case 103 are similar to the above. The ground wire 102 is connected to the ground via a pin (not shown) projecting from each.

  Further, for example, the inverter case 104 that houses the inverters I1 to I6 provided at appropriate positions in the machine body (mounted on the front part of the machine base 4 in the illustrated example) and the machine base 4 near the inverter case 104 are described above. Similarly, the ground wire 102 is connected to the ground via a pin (not shown) projecting from each other.

  In the battery case 101, for example, among the plurality of batteries B, a positive terminal of one battery B is connected to the conductor 106 as appropriate, and a leakage current is connected between the negative terminal of the battery B and the machine base 4. The resistor 105 (leakage detection means) is connected, and the negative terminal of the battery B is not directly connected to the machine base 4.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the above-described electric circuit 100 connects the positive terminal of the battery B to the electric motors M <b> 1 to M <b> 6 through the conductor 106 and the inverters I <b> 1 to I <b> 6 in the inverter case 104 by electric wiring. .

  Then, the inverter case 104 and the control case 103 are grounded to the machine base 4 by the ground wire 102. The connection destination of the ground wire 102 is not limited to the machine base 4 but may be the machine body frame 2 or the like.

  Here, for example, when the vehicle is immersed in water in a wet paddy field or the like, insulation failure occurs, or the vehicle body collides with an obstacle, a high-voltage current leaks from one of the batteries B via the battery case 101 or is controlled. When a high-voltage current leaks from the controller C or the like via the case 103, or a high-voltage current leaks from any of the inverters I1 to I6 via the inverter case 104, a leakage current leakage resistance 105 is generated.

  Next, these high-voltage currents that have leaked flow into the machine base 4 (or the machine body frame 2) via the earth-leakage leakage resistance 105.

  By adopting such a configuration, even if unexpected leakage occurs in the fuselage from the battery B, the controller C, and the inverters I1 to I6, the potential of the leaked high voltage current changes instantaneously. It is possible to detect a leakage of a high-voltage current to.

  Furthermore, the electric combine 1 of the present invention is provided with a conductor that cuts off current supply to the electric motors M1 to M6 due to electric leakage. FIG. 10 is a schematic electric circuit diagram of an electric combiner including a leakage detection circuit and a conductor, and FIG. 11 is a control block diagram of the electric circuit by the controller.

  In this case, the electric circuit 100 ′ having the leakage preventing means includes, in addition to the electric circuit 100 shown in FIG. 9 described above, for example, as shown in FIG. The well-known conductor 106 and the precharge circuit 107 are connected to a position near the battery B in the middle of the electrical wiring connecting the plus terminal of each of the inverters I1 to I6 (inverter case 104). Is done. Reference numeral 108 denotes a fuse.

  The precharge circuit 107 includes a well-known capacitor 109, a resistor 110, an electromagnetic switch 111, a battery b (for example, for 12V low voltage) and a voltmeter 112 provided between the conductor 106 and the inverter case 104, respectively. Is done. The capacitor 109, the electromagnetic switch 111, and the voltmeter 112 are connected to the controller C in the control case 103, as shown in FIG. The power source of the control case 103 can be taken from the battery b. And the earth leakage detection circuit 112 centering on the voltmeter 112 is comprised.

  Also in the precharge circuit 107, for example, the electrical wiring between the battery b and the voltmeter 112 is grounded to the machine base 4 or the like with the ground wire 102. The precharge circuit 107 charges a certain amount of voltage (voltage level) by supplying current first to the resistor 110 and the electromagnetic switch 111 in order to store electric charge in the capacitor 109 when the electric combine 1 is turned on (start switch ON). When the power is turned on, the conductor 106 is turned on and the main circuit power supply is connected to prevent overcurrent when the power is turned on (prevention of welding of the conductor).

  First, in the leakage detection circuit 112, the voltmeter 112 uses the battery b as a reference power supply, constantly measures the voltage (measurement location 107) in the leakage detection circuit 112, and transmits the detected voltage to the controller C as a reference voltage and a threshold value. . Here, when a leak occurs in the electric circuit 100 ′, a resistance is generated between the leaked circuits. Therefore, the voltage in the electric circuit 100 ′ and the leak detection circuit 112 is divided, resulting in a leak detection. The voltage detected by the voltmeter 112 of the circuit 112 decreases.

  At this time, the controller C determines that a leakage has occurred in the electric circuit 100 ′ when the detected voltage at the time of the leakage transmitted from the voltmeter 112 is lower than the threshold value, Conductor 106 is opened.

  Due to the opening of the conductor 106, the current supply from the battery B into the electric circuit 100 ′ is interrupted by the conductor 106. As a result, the driving of each working unit driven by the electric motor M can be stopped to ensure safety. On the other hand, the electric power stored in the capacitor 109 is supplied from the conductor 106 into the downstream electric circuit 100 ′ into the downstream current circuit 100 ′.

  Then, the voltmeter 112 measures the voltage in the leakage detection circuit 112 in the circuit 100 ′ downstream from the conductor 106 using the battery b as the reference power as described above, and transmits the detected voltage to the controller C.

  Similarly to the above, when a leakage occurs in the electric circuit 100 ′ downstream of the conductor 106, resistance is generated between the leaked circuits, and therefore, in the electric circuit 100 ′ downstream of the conductor 106 and in the leakage detection circuit 112. As a result, the voltage detected by the voltmeter 112 in the leakage detection circuit 112 decreases.

  Therefore, the controller C compares the measured voltage value in the leakage detection circuit 112 in the circuit 100 ′ downstream from the conductor 106 with the above-described threshold value, and if both are the same, the circuit 100 downstream from the conductor 106. It is determined that no electric leakage has occurred in ′, and the electric leakage location in the entire electric circuit 100 ′ is specified as between the battery B on the battery B main wiring side and the conductor 106. In addition, the controller C may notify the surroundings by the alarm device which does not illustrate the said electrical leak location.

  On the other hand, if the measured voltage value is lower than the threshold value, the controller C determines that a leakage has occurred in the circuit 100 ′ downstream from the conductor 106, and determines the leakage point in the entire electric circuit 100 ′. In the circuit 100 ′ downstream from the conductor 106 on the electric motor power line side, it is specified. Similarly, the controller C may inform the surroundings of the leakage point by an alarm device (not shown).

  With such a configuration, when a leakage occurs in the electric circuit 100 ′, the leakage detection circuit 112 and the controller C can determine the occurrence of the leakage, and the conduction of the electric circuit 100 ′ is cut off by the interruption of the conductor 106. Therefore, the electric shock of the operator can be prevented. Then, the leakage detection circuit 112 and the controller C specify whether the leakage point is the battery main wiring side or the electric motor power line side, so that the operator does not need to search for the leakage point throughout the circuit 100 ′. The operator can quickly perform maintenance of the leakage point.

  The controller C completes the maintenance of the leakage point, and for example, the operator operates the reset switch (or the conductor 106 and the electromagnetic switch 111) to close the conductor 106 from the precharge by the electromagnetic switch 111. Is resumed in the entire electric circuit 100 ′ including the inverter I and the electric motor M.

  As described above in detail, the electric combine (electrically operated vehicle) 1 of this example includes the actuators M1 to M6 from the battery B mounted on the machine base 4 constituting the vehicle via the inverters I1 to I6 provided in the vehicle. In addition, the actuator M1 to M6 drives the vehicle traveling unit 3 and the working unit 61 including a plurality of processing units to drive the battery case 101 that houses the battery B, and inverters I1 to I6. The inverter case 104 to be accommodated and the control case 103 in which the controller C is housed are grounded to the machine base 4, and a leakage resistance 105 (leakage detection means) is provided between the negative terminal of the battery B and the machine base 4. It is a thing.

  The present invention can be applied to any electric work vehicle in which an actuator that is driven by power supplied from a battery mounted on the vehicle is used as a drive source of the vehicle.

2 Machine frame 4 Machine 100, 100 'Electrical circuit diagram 101 Battery case 102 Ground wire 103 Control case 104 Inverter case 105 Leakage resistance 106 Conductor 107 Leakage detection circuit 109 Capacitor 110 Resistor 111 Electromagnetic switch 112 Voltmeter B, b Battery C Controller M1 to M6 Actuator (Electric motor)
I1 to I6 inverter

Claims (4)

A battery is mounted on the machine base that makes up the vehicle.
In the electric work vehicle, the battery supplies electric power to an actuator via an inverter provided in the vehicle, and drives the traveling unit of the vehicle and a working unit including a plurality of processing units by the actuator.
A battery case that houses the battery, an inverter case that houses the inverter, and a control case that houses a controller are grounded to the machine base, and the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the machine base via a leakage resistance. Electric working vehicle characterized by being connected to   2. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the battery and the actuator form an electric circuit through the inverter, and an electric leakage detection circuit for detecting electric leakage is provided in the electric circuit. 3. Work vehicle.   3. The electric work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a conductor capable of interrupting energization of power supplied from the battery is provided in the electric circuit on the battery side.   4. The electric work according to claim 1, wherein the leakage detection circuit is capable of measuring a voltage by obtaining electric power from an input capacitor of the inverter after the conduction of electricity from the battery by the conductor is cut off. 5. vehicle.

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