JP2013008034A - Display device and terminal device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display device capable of displaying images respectively toward a plurality of view points in which display quality can be prevented from lowering and high image quality can be achieved without changing a lens shape of a lenticular lens and an uneven structure of a reflection plate, and a terminal device.SOLUTION: A reflection type liquid crystal display panel 2 is a liquid crystal panel for stereoscopic display in which pixel pairs, each being a display unit constituted of one left eye pixel 4L and one right eye pixel 4R, are provided in matrix arrangement. A lenticular lens 3 is an optical member for image separation that is provided to separate light from left and right pixels, and is a lens array in which a number of cylindrical lenses 3a are one-dimensionally arranged. An anisotropic scattering sheet 6 being an anisotropic scattering element is provided between the lenticular lens 3 and the reflection type liquid crystal display panel 2.

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device and a terminal device that can display images toward a plurality of viewpoints, and more particularly to a display device and a terminal device that can reduce deterioration in image quality due to the structure of the display device.

  With recent technological progress, the display panel is changed from a large terminal device such as a monitor and a television receiver to a medium-sized terminal device such as a notebook personal computer, a cash dispenser and a vending machine, a personal TV, and a PDA (Personal Digital Assistance: It is mounted on small terminal devices such as personal information terminals, mobile phones, and portable game machines, and is used in various places. In particular, liquid crystal display devices using liquid crystals have advantages such as thinness, light weight, small size, and low power consumption, and thus are mounted on many terminal devices. Even when the current display device is observed from a viewpoint other than the front direction, the same content as the front direction is visible, but a display device that can visually recognize different images depending on the viewpoint has been developed and is expected as a next-generation display device Has been. As described above, a stereoscopic image display device can be given as an example of a device that can display different images toward a plurality of viewpoints. As a function of the stereoscopic image display apparatus, it is necessary to present different images with respect to the left and right viewpoints, that is, to display parallax images to the left and right eyes.

  The method of specifically realizing this function can be roughly divided into a method using glasses and a method not using glasses. Among these, methods using glasses include an anaglyph method using a difference in color and a polarized glasses method using polarized light, but the troublesomeness of wearing glasses cannot be avoided. Therefore, in recent years, a spectacleless method that does not use spectacles has been actively studied.

  Examples of the method without glasses include a lenticular lens method and a parallax barrier method. As described in Patent Document 1, the lenticular lens system is a system that uses a lenticular lens as means for separating images from a plurality of viewpoints. A lenticular lens has one surface composed of a flat surface, and a plurality of kamaboko-shaped convex portions (cylindrical lenses) extending in one direction on the opposite surface so that their longitudinal directions are parallel to each other. . In the lenticular lens type stereoscopic image display device, a lenticular lens and a display panel are arranged in this order from the observer side, and the pixels of the display panel are located on the focal plane of the lenticular lens. In the display panel, pixels that display an image for the right eye and pixels that display an image for the left eye are alternately arranged. At this time, a group of pixels adjacent to each other corresponds to each convex portion of the lenticular lens. Thereby, the light from each pixel is distributed in the direction toward the left and right eyes by the convex portion of the lenticular lens. The left and right eyes can recognize different images, and the observer can recognize a stereoscopic image.

  On the other hand, the parallax barrier method is a method in which a large number of thin vertical stripe-shaped openings, that is, a barrier (light-shielding plate) in which slits are formed is used as image separation means. A group of pixels that display an image for the left eye and pixels that display an image for the right eye is arranged corresponding to the slit of the parallax barrier. As a result, the observer's right eye cannot visually recognize the pixels that display the image for the left eye because it is blocked by the barrier, and only the pixels that display the image for the right eye are visually recognized. The left eye cannot visually recognize the pixel that displays the image for the right eye, but only the pixel that displays the image for the left eye. As a result, when the parallax image is displayed, the observer can recognize the stereoscopic image.

  When the parallax barrier method was originally devised, the parallax barrier was disposed between the pixels and the eyes, which was problematic because it was unsightly and low in visibility. However, with the recent realization of liquid crystal display devices, it has become possible to arrange a parallax barrier on the back side of the display panel, thereby improving visibility. For this reason, a parallax barrier type stereoscopic image display device has been actively studied. However, while the parallax barrier method is a method that “hides” unnecessary light by the barrier, the lenticular lens method is a method that changes the direction in which the light travels, and the lenticular lens method is in principle the brightness of the display screen. It has the advantage that there is no reduction. For this reason, application of the lenticular lens method to portable devices and the like where high brightness display and low power consumption performance are particularly important is being studied.

  As another example of an apparatus capable of displaying different images toward a plurality of viewpoints, a multi-image simultaneous display apparatus capable of simultaneously displaying a plurality of different images from a plurality of viewpoints has been developed (for example, Patent Document 2). reference). This is a display that simultaneously displays different images for each viewing direction under the same conditions using the image distribution function of the lenticular lens. Thereby, one multiple image simultaneous display apparatus can provide mutually different images simultaneously to a plurality of observers positioned in mutually different directions with respect to the display apparatus. Patent Document 2 describes that by using this multiple image simultaneous display device, it is possible to reduce the installation space and the electricity bill as compared with the case where a normal single image display device is prepared for the number of images to be displayed simultaneously. Has been.

  As described above, in order to display different images for different viewpoints, display devices in which optical members such as a lenticular lens and a parallax barrier are arranged are actively studied. The present inventor has found that such a problem occurs and has so far proposed a configuration for solving this problem.

In one example, as described in Patent Document 1, when a reflective display panel and a transflective display panel in which pixels are provided with a reflective plate having a concavo-convex structure are used, the display brightness is partially reduced depending on the observation position. When an area is generated and the observation position is changed, the display appears to be dark at a position where the luminance is lowered. In some cases, a dark line pattern is superimposed on the image and observed. Due to the change in luminance of the display, a problem that the display quality is deteriorated and observed is caused. The cause of this problem is that when the external light collected by the lenticular lens is reflected by the concavo-convex structure formed on the reflecting plate, the reflection angle changes depending on the inclination angle of the slope that forms the concavo-convex structure. There is to do. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, a method in which the focal length of the lenticular lens is different from the distance between the reflector and the lens, and the slope of the concavo-convex structure so that the concavo-convex structure reflects light collected by the lenticular lens multiple times. A setting method and a method of setting the concavo-convex structure so that the existence probability of a slope having a certain inclination angle in the concavo-convex structure in the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses is uniform in the pixel are proposed.

  As another problem that occurs when an optical member is provided, as described in Patent Document 3, when an optical member for image separation is combined with a transmissive display device, the illumination member of the transmissive display device is used. Due to the influence of the formed concavo-convex structure, a stripe pattern is superimposed on the display image, and there is a problem that display quality is remarkably deteriorated. The cause of this problem is that an in-plane distribution occurs in the directivity of the light beam emitted from the illumination member due to the concavo-convex structure formed on the illumination member, and this in-plane distribution is enlarged and observed by the optical member for image separation. It is in. This problem becomes more apparent as the uneven structure of the illumination member approaches the focal plane of the lenticular lens due to a reduction in thickness or the like. Therefore, in Patent Document 3, the distance between adjacent convex portions in the concavo-convex structure is made smaller than a value obtained by multiplying the lens pitch of the lenticular lens by the distance between the pixel and the concavo-convex structure and dividing by the focal length, etc. There has been proposed a method for suppressing deterioration in display quality by changing the concavo-convex structure.

JP 2004-280079 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-332354 JP 2006-17820 A

  However, the above-mentioned problem, that is, the image quality deterioration due to the uneven structure formed on the reflector or the image quality deterioration due to the uneven structure formed on the illumination member is solved by changing the performance of the uneven structure or the lenticular lens. In this method, the following problems occur. That is, there is a problem that the optical element such as a lens, and the uneven structure of the reflector and the uneven structure of the illumination member must be changed. In particular, when general standard products are used as these members, there is a possibility that there is no change option. In addition, in a member having a three-dimensional shape such as a lens or an illuminating member, it is necessary to change from the mold when changing the surface shape. Therefore, a method for solving the problem more easily without changing the lens surface and the uneven structure is expected.

  In addition, when the present inventors diligently studied display devices provided with optical members such as a lenticular lens and a parallax barrier, in these display devices, a pattern of a region that does not contribute to display, such as a boundary region of adjacent pixels, It has been found that there is a problem that image quality is deteriorated by being observed as a line parallel to the lens or slit arrangement direction.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and in a display device provided with an optical member for image separation, the quality of the reflective display can be achieved without changing the lens shape of the lenticular lens and the uneven structure of the reflector. It is an object of the present invention to provide a display device and a terminal device that can suppress deterioration and realize high image quality.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a display device and a terminal device that can suppress deterioration in quality of a transmissive display and realize high image quality without changing the lens shape of the lenticular lens and the uneven structure formed on the illumination member. There is to do.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide a display device capable of suppressing image quality deterioration due to observation of a pattern in a region that does not contribute to display as a line parallel to the lens and slit arrangement direction, and realizing high image quality. It is to provide a terminal device.

  According to the present invention, an anisotropic scattering unit is provided in a display device, so that an image sorting unit (an image separating optical unit) and a lens, a barrier, and the like can be obtained without significantly impairing the image separating effect of the image separating optical unit. It is characterized by suppressing deterioration in display image quality due to a combination with a display panel. For this purpose, it is preferable to arrange an anisotropic scattering portion that scatters light incident on or emitted from the pixels of the display panel so that scattering in the image separation direction is different from scattering in other directions. . As a result, not only the deterioration of the display image quality can be suppressed, but also the cost can be reduced because it is not necessary to change the structure of the image distribution unit and the display panel.

  In particular, by setting the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximized to a direction orthogonal to the image separation direction, the image separation effect by the image distribution portion (image separation optical means) can be reduced without impairing the image quality. Improvement is possible. And it is preferable to arrange | position the said anisotropic scattering part to the image distribution part (image separation means) side rather than the pixel of the said display panel. At this time, in combination with a display panel having a reflection plate in the pixel, deterioration in image quality due to the concavo-convex structure formed on the reflection plate and the image distribution unit can be suppressed, and high image quality of reflection display can be achieved. Further, in combination with a transflective or transmissive display panel, deterioration in image quality due to the combination of the boundary between adjacent pixels and the image distribution unit can be suppressed, and high image quality can be achieved.

  In the display device of the present invention, the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering unit is maximized is to display the pixel for displaying the first viewpoint image and the image for the second viewpoint in the display unit. The first direction in which the pixels to be arranged can be arranged. And along this 1st direction, the said image distribution part distributes the light radiate | emitted from each said pixel to a mutually different direction. In this case, by arranging the anisotropic scattering portion on the back side of the display panel, it is possible to maximize the effect of suppressing image quality deterioration due to the anisotropic scattering portion. In particular, when a planar light source that emits light in a planar shape is provided on the back surface of the display panel, high image quality can be achieved. The planar light source emits light in a planar shape due to the concavo-convex structure formed on the surface or inside thereof, but the present invention suppresses deterioration in display quality due to the concavo-convex structure of the image distribution unit and the planar light source. Because you can. Moreover, since a scattering direction can be limited by using an anisotropic scattering part, the fall of front luminance can be suppressed.

  According to the present invention, in a display device provided with an optical member for image distribution such as a lenticular lens and a parallax barrier, scattering in the direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction of the optical member in the display surface is image distribution. By providing an anisotropic scattering portion larger than the scattering in the direction, the influence of the concavo-convex structure formed on the reflector can be reduced, and high image quality can be realized. In addition, it is possible to reduce the influence of the concavo-convex structure formed on the lighting member and to realize high image quality. Furthermore, the influence of the non-display area observed as a line segment parallel to the image distribution direction can be reduced, and high image quality can be realized.

  In this way, according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress a decrease in display quality due to the structure of the image distribution unit and the display panel, and it is possible to improve the image quality. Further, since it is not necessary to change the structure of the image distribution unit and the display panel, the cost can be reduced.

It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the anisotropic scattering sheet | seat of the display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the relationship between the image distribution direction of an image distribution part, and the scattering direction of an anisotropic diffusion sheet. It is a perspective view which shows the terminal device which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the optical model in the cross section cut | disconnected by the line segment parallel to a X-axis direction in the reflection type liquid crystal display device of this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the optical model at the time of using a lenticular lens. FIG. 3 is an optical model diagram showing a minimum radius of curvature for calculating image separation conditions for a lenticular lens. FIG. 6 is an optical model diagram showing a maximum radius of curvature for calculating image separation conditions for a lenticular lens. It is sectional drawing which showed the case where an anisotropic scattering structure exists in the focus vicinity of a cylindrical lens, and shows the case where the influence of an anisotropic scattering structure is especially large. It is sectional drawing which showed the case where an anisotropic scattering structure exists in the focus vicinity of a cylindrical lens, and shows the case where the influence of an anisotropic scattering structure is especially small. It is sectional drawing which shows the case where an anisotropic scattering structure exists in the position fully distant from the focus of the cylindrical lens. It is an optical model figure for calculating the position in the Z-axis direction of an anisotropic scattering structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the optical model at the time of using a parallax barrier. FIG. 5 is an optical model diagram showing a maximum opening width of a slit for calculating an image separation condition of a parallax barrier. It is an optical model figure for calculating the position in the Z-axis direction of an anisotropic scattering structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the light-guide plate and LED shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the light-guide plate and LED shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the optical model in the cross section cut | disconnected by the line segment parallel to a X-axis direction in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the optical model at the time of arrange | positioning a parallax barrier on the back side of a display panel. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 1st comparative example of this invention. It is a top view which shows the pixel of the display panel which concerns on this 1st comparative example. It is a figure which shows the visual recognition image of a display screen when an observer visually recognizes the display apparatus which concerns on this 1st comparative example. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the pixel of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the optical model for calculating the maximum observation distance. It is sectional drawing which shows the optical model for calculating the minimum observation distance. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the definition of visual acuity. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the pixel of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel which concerns on this embodiment. It is a top view which shows another example of the pixel of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 9th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the pixel of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 10th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the pixel of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel which concerns on this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the terminal device which concerns on the 11th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 12th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 13th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 14th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on 15th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 16th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the fly eye lens which is a component of the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a top view which shows a fly eye lens. Regarding the anisotropic scattering sheet, which is a component of the display device, (a) shows the scattering characteristics of the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) shows the scattering characteristics of the sixteenth embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the display apparatus which concerns on the 17th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the fly eye lens which is a component of the display apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is the figure which showed the scattering characteristic of the anisotropic scattering sheet which concerns on this embodiment. It is the figure which showed the scattering characteristic of the anisotropic scattering sheet | seat which concerns on this embodiment, making the horizontal axis the angle in a display surface, and taking the scattering performance on the vertical axis | shaft.

  Hereinafter, configuration examples of the present invention will be described. The display device according to the present invention includes a display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel for displaying an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for a second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix, and the display unit The light emitted from each of the pixels in different directions along a first direction in which pixels that display the image for the first viewpoint and pixels that display the image for the second viewpoint are arranged. An anisotropy that scatters in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, with respect to incident light or outgoing light with respect to the image distribution unit to be distributed and the display panel so as to be different from the scattering in the first direction And a scattering portion.

  In addition, since the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximized is the second direction, an adverse effect on the image distribution effect of the image distribution portion is suppressed to a minimum, and anisotropy is achieved. The image quality can be improved by the scattering part.

  Further, the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximized is the direction rotated from the second direction to the first direction, so that scattering in the first direction and the second direction can be easily performed. Since it can adjust and a big member change can be prevented, cost reduction is attained.

  Furthermore, the anisotropic scattering portion may have a structure in which convex portions or concave portions extending in one direction are formed, and a one-dimensional array in which a plurality of prisms extending in one direction are arranged in parallel to each other. You may have a prism structure. Furthermore, it may have a lenticular lens structure in which a plurality of cylindrical lenses extending in one direction are arranged in parallel to each other, and the pitch of the lenticular lenses may be smaller than the arrangement pitch of the pixels.

  Further, the anisotropic scattering part is disposed, for example, between the image distribution part and the display panel. Thereby, it is possible to suppress deterioration in display quality due to the structure of the image distribution unit and the display panel, and particularly when using a reflective display panel, deterioration in display quality due to the uneven structure of the reflector. Can be suppressed.

  In this case, the anisotropic scattering part can be configured to have a transparent substrate and an anisotropic scattering structure formed on the surface of the transparent substrate. Thereby, a general anisotropic scattering sheet can be used, and when the anisotropic scattering effect needs to be changed, the influence on other members can be minimized.

  Furthermore, the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering part is formed can be disposed on the image distribution part side of the display device. Thereby, an undesirable interaction with the image distribution unit can be reduced, and high image quality can be achieved.

  Furthermore, by integrating the anisotropic scattering part with the image distribution part, a portion supporting the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering part can be eliminated, so that the thickness can be reduced. . In addition, compared to the case where the anisotropic scattering portion and the image distribution portion are separately formed and combined, it is possible to integrally form, so the number of members can be reduced and the number of assembly steps can be reduced. Cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the positional variation between the anisotropic scattering part and the image distribution part during assembly can be eliminated, the variation can be reduced.

  Furthermore, since the anisotropic scattering part is formed on the surface of the image distribution part on the display panel side, when manufacturing the image distribution part, the anisotropic scattering part can be simultaneously formed on the back surface. The manufacturing cost can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.

  In this case, the anisotropic scattering part is formed on an adhesive layer for fixing the image distribution part, thereby forming a mold for forming the anisotropic scattering structure and an anisotropic scattering structure. Since the transfer process is unnecessary, the cost can be reduced.

  Alternatively, by forming the anisotropic scattering portion in the internal structure of the image distribution portion, the adhesive layer can be selected from more options, and the cost can be reduced.

  Alternatively, the anisotropic scattering portion can be formed on the display panel. In this case, the display panel has an optical film, and the anisotropic scattering portion uses the optical film as a substrate of the display panel. It can be set as the anisotropic scattering adhesion layer fixed to.

  In the display device of the present invention, the anisotropic scattering portion may be disposed on the back side of the display panel. In this case, it is preferable that the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximized is the first direction. As described above, the anisotropic scattering portion can be maximized in the effect of suppressing the image quality deterioration due to the anisotropic scattering portion by being arranged on the back side of the display panel.

  The anisotropic scattering portion has a transparent substrate and an anisotropic scattering structure formed on the surface of the transparent substrate, and the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering portion is formed. The surface can be disposed on the back side of the display device. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the image quality by the anisotropic scattering unit while suppressing the adverse effect on the image distribution effect of the image distribution unit to a minimum.

  In addition, the display device of the present invention has a planar light source that emits light in a planar shape on the back surface of the display panel, and the planar light source makes the light planar by a concavo-convex structure formed on the surface or inside thereof. It can comprise so that it may radiate | emit. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in display quality due to the uneven structure of the image distribution unit and the planar light source without impairing the image distribution effect of the image distribution unit. Moreover, since a scattering direction can be limited by using an anisotropic scattering part, the fall of front luminance can be suppressed.

  The planar light source may have a light guide plate, and the light guide plate may have a concavo-convex structure, and the planar light source may have an optical member for improving brightness, The optical member may have a concavo-convex structure. Thereby, the choice of the optical member for a brightness improvement can be increased, and cost reduction is attained.

  In the display device of the present invention, the display panel is, for example, a transmissive type. In the present invention, it is possible to suppress the deterioration in image quality due to the combination of the boundary between adjacent pixels and the image distribution unit, and the image quality can be improved. Furthermore, when a planar light source is provided on the back surface, it is possible to suppress deterioration in image quality due to the combination of the planar light source and the image distribution unit, and high image quality is possible.

  The display panel is, for example, a display panel having a reflection plate in a pixel, and an uneven structure may be formed on the reflection plate. Thereby, it is possible to suppress deterioration in image quality due to the uneven shape of the reflecting plate and the image distribution unit, and it is possible to improve the image quality of the reflective display.

  In this case, the reflection plate can be a transflective display panel formed in a partial region of the pixel. Thereby, in the transmissive display, not only the striped pattern caused by the light shielding area but also the striped pattern caused by the reflective display area can be reduced by the anisotropic scattering portion, so that the quality of the transmissive display can be improved. . In the reflective display, the anisotropic scattering portion can reduce not only the striped pattern caused by the light shielding area but also the striped pattern caused by the transmissive display area, so that the quality of the reflective display can be improved. That is, the quality of transmissive display and reflective display in the transflective display device can be improved.

  In this case, a reflective display area in which the reflective plate is formed and a transmissive display area that transmits the light of the pixels may be repeatedly arranged in the second direction. Thereby, the suppression effect of the image quality fall by an anisotropic scattering part can be exhibited to the maximum extent.

  Furthermore, as the display panel, for example, a liquid crystal display panel can be preferably used. This liquid crystal display panel is, for example, a horizontal electric field mode or multi-domain vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display panel. In the present invention, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of image quality due to the alignment dividing means of the liquid crystal layer and the image distributing unit, and a display device with a wide viewing angle can be realized.

  Furthermore, for example, the display unit of the display panel has a stripe-shaped color pixel arrangement for realizing color display, and the arrangement direction of the color stripe is the second direction. When the arrangement direction of the color stripe is the second direction, the ratio of the pixel boundary region extending in the first direction is increased. However, this effect can be reduced by the present invention, so that the image quality can be improved. It becomes.

  Furthermore, the display unit can be configured to be formed in a square. Thereby, the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the display image can be matched, and higher image quality can be realized.

  Furthermore, each pixel in the display unit may have a light shielding area around the display area, and the light shielding area extending along the second direction may be inclined with respect to the second direction. . Thereby, the range which can visually recognize a display image can be expanded, and the effect of the present invention can be exhibited more.

  Furthermore, each pixel in the display unit has a trapezoidal display area, and can be configured to be arranged point-symmetrically with respect to adjacent pixels. Accordingly, the present invention can be suitably applied particularly to an active matrix display panel using thin film transistors, and a high aperture ratio can be achieved.

  In the display device of the present invention, for example, the image distribution unit is a lens array formed such that lenses are arranged in the first direction. As a result, no light loss is caused by the image separation means, and bright display is possible.

  In the display device of the present invention, for example, the image distribution unit is a parallax barrier formed so that openings of a finite width are arranged in the first direction. As a result, since it can be easily manufactured using a photolithography technique, the cost can be reduced.

  The terminal device according to the present invention includes the display device. The terminal device is, for example, a mobile phone, a personal information terminal, a personal television, a game machine, a digital camera, a video camera, a video player, a notebook personal computer, a cash dispenser, or a vending machine.

  The display panel according to the present invention is a display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel for displaying an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for a second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix. In the first direction in which the pixels for displaying the first viewpoint image and the pixels for displaying the second viewpoint image are arranged in the display unit. Along with this, the light emitted from each pixel is distributed in different directions.

  The optical member according to the present invention is an optical element used in a display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel for displaying an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for a second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix. The member has a planar image distribution unit that distributes incident light in different directions, and an anisotropic scattering unit that provides anisotropy to scattering in the plane of the image distribution unit. And According to the present invention, a high-quality display device can be realized in combination with a display panel.

  In this case, the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering unit is maximized can be a direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction of the image distribution unit.

  Furthermore, the optical member may include a substrate, and the image distribution unit and the anisotropic scattering unit may be formed on opposite surfaces of the substrate, respectively.

  Furthermore, the optical member has a substrate, and an anisotropic scattering portion can be formed in the substrate.

  Furthermore, the optical member has an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer can be an anisotropic scattering portion.

  Another display device according to the present invention includes a display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least pixels that display an image for a first viewpoint and pixels that display an image for a second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix, Lights emitted from the respective pixels are different from each other along a first direction in which pixels displaying the first viewpoint image and pixels displaying the second viewpoint image are arranged in a display unit. It is characterized by having an image distribution part which distributes in a direction, and an anisotropic scattering part which has a direction in which the degree of scattering differs from the first direction for incident light or outgoing light to the display panel.

  In this display device, the scattering in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction is equivalent to the scattering in the first direction, or the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum This is different from the first direction. In the latter case, there are a plurality of directions in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum.

  In addition, it is preferable that the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is minimized is the first direction or a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the display panel has a non-display area extending in the first direction.

  Furthermore, the image distribution unit is, for example, a lens array formed such that lenses are arranged in the first direction. In this case, for example, when the pitch of the lens in the first direction is L, the number of viewpoints in the first direction is N, and the distance between the lens and the pixel is H, the lens and the The distance H1 from the anisotropic scattering portion is L × H / (L + 3 × N × P) or less.

  Furthermore, the image distribution unit is, for example, a parallax barrier formed so that openings of a finite width are arranged in the first direction.

  Next, a display device, a terminal device, a display panel, and an optical member according to an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, a display device, a terminal device, a display panel, and an optical member according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a top view showing the anisotropic scattering sheet shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an image distribution unit of the display device shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a top view showing the relationship between the image distribution direction and the scattering direction of the anisotropic scattering sheet, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the terminal device according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the display device according to the first embodiment is a reflective liquid crystal display device 1 using a reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 as a display panel and provided with a lenticular lens 3. The lenticular lens 3 is arranged on the display surface side of the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2, that is, on the user side. An anisotropic scattering sheet 6 that is an anisotropic scattering element is provided between the lenticular lens 3 and the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2. That is, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 1, the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2, the anisotropic scattering sheet 6, and the lenticular lens 3 are laminated in this order toward the user.

  The reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 is a liquid crystal panel for stereoscopic display in which pixel pairs as display units each including one left-eye pixel 4L and right-eye pixel 4R are provided in a matrix. The lenticular lens 3 is an image separating optical member provided to separate light from the left and right pixels, and is a lens array in which a large number of cylindrical lenses 3a are arranged one-dimensionally. The arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses 3a is set to a direction in which the left-eye pixels 4L and the right-eye pixels 4R are repeatedly arranged. Thereby, the extending direction of the cylindrical lens 3a, that is, the longitudinal direction is a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction in the display surface. The cylindrical lens 3a is a one-dimensional lens having a semi-cylindrical convex portion and having a lens effect only in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The focal length of the cylindrical lens 3a is set to the distance between the principal point of the cylindrical lens 3a, that is, the apex of the lens, and the pixel (the left eye pixel 4L or the right eye pixel 4R).

  In this specification, for convenience, an XYZ orthogonal coordinate system is set as follows. In the direction in which the left-eye pixel 4L and the right-eye pixel 4R are repeatedly arranged, the direction from the left-eye pixel 4L toward the right-eye pixel 4R is defined as + X direction, and the opposite direction is defined as -X direction. The + X direction and the −X direction are collectively referred to as the X-axis direction. The longitudinal direction of the cylindrical lens 3a is defined as the Y-axis direction. Furthermore, a direction orthogonal to both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is a Z-axis direction, and a direction from the left-eye pixel 4L or the right-eye pixel 4R toward the lenticular lens 3 is a + Z direction. The opposite direction is defined as the -Z direction. The + Z direction is the front, that is, the direction toward the user, and the user visually recognizes the surface on the + Z side of the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2. The + Y direction is a direction in which the right-handed coordinate system is established. That is, when the thumb of the person's right hand is oriented in the + X direction and the index finger is oriented in the + Y direction, the middle finger is oriented in the + Z direction.

  When the XYZ orthogonal coordinate system is set as described above, the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses 3a is the X-axis direction, and the left-eye pixels 4L and the right-eye pixels 4R are arranged in a line in the Y-axis direction. In addition, the arrangement period of the pixel pairs in the X-axis direction is substantially equal to the arrangement period of the cylindrical lenses. In this X-axis direction, a column in which one pixel pair is arranged in the Y-axis direction corresponds to one cylindrical lens 3a.

  In the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2, a liquid crystal layer 5 is sandwiched between two substrates 2a and 2b arranged with a minute gap between them, and the substrate arranged on the −Z side. A reflector 4 is formed on the surface of 2b on the + Z side. A large number of concavo-convex structures 41 are provided on the surface of the reflective plate 4, and the concavo-convex structure 41 makes the surface of the reflective plate 4 a diffuse reflection surface. That is, external light incident on the reflecting plate 4 from a specific direction is diffused and reflected in various directions by the uneven structure 41 on the surface of the reflecting plate 4 and also reflected in the viewer direction. As a result, the specular reflection component can be reduced, so that a bright reflective display can be realized at an angle at which the reflection of the light source pattern does not occur. Further, when the light source emits diffused light, the light component reflected in the front direction can be increased as compared with simple specular reflection, so that a bright reflective display can be realized.

  As shown in FIG. 2, an anisotropic scattering structure 61 is formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 on the + Z direction side. That is, the anisotropic scattering portion, that is, the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 as the anisotropic scattering means has a transparent substrate and an anisotropic scattering structure 61 formed on the surface of the transparent substrate. The anisotropic scattering structure 61 is a belt-like convex portion extending in the X-axis direction in the XY plane, and a plurality of anisotropic scattering structures 61 are formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6. Thereby, when the surface on the + Z direction side of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 is traced along the Y-axis direction, a large number of anisotropic scattering structures 61 are traversed. That is, this surface has many irregularities in the Y-axis direction. On the other hand, when the surface is traced along the X-axis direction, only a few anisotropic scattering structures 61 are traversed or not traversed at all. Therefore, this surface is less uneven in the X-axis direction.

  In more general terms, the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 has many irregularities in a specific direction, and less irregularities in a direction perpendicular to the specific direction. And in this embodiment, the said specific direction with many unevenness | corrugations is set to the Y-axis direction. Thereby, this anisotropic scattering sheet 6 has the largest scattering in the Y-axis direction and the smallest scattering in the X-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 3, in the XY plane, the scattering performance at an angle between the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction depends on the shape of the anisotropic scattering structure 61. The scattering performance decreases rapidly as it rotates in the axial direction.

  In general, the image distribution effect by the image distribution unit such as the lenticular lens 3, that is, the image distribution unit or the image separation unit tends to be reduced when the scattering unit is installed. For example, in the example of the present embodiment, when the light reflected by the reflector 4 of the left-eye pixel 4L is greatly scattered by the scattering means, it is used in the same manner as the light reflected by the right-eye pixel 4R. This is because it also enters the right eye of the person. As described above, in the present embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical lens 3a constituting the lenticular lens 3 is set in the Y-axis direction, and the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses 3a is set in the X-axis direction. 3 has an image distribution effect in the X-axis direction. On the other hand, the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 is set so that the scattering in the Y-axis direction is maximized and the scattering in the X-axis direction is minimized. In other words, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment, the scattering performance of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 is arranged so as to minimize the influence on the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens 3. In the present invention, the lenticular lens is described as being an image distribution unit. Strictly speaking, the cylindrical lens constituting the lenticular lens is means for separating the light of the left eye pixel and the light of the right eye pixel in different directions. Thus, the lenticular lens can distribute the left-eye image and the right-eye image in different directions. In the present invention, including these phenomena, the lenticular lens is treated as having an image distribution effect.

  Furthermore, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment, the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 and the lenticular lens 3 are not in close contact, and the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 and the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 are not in close contact. That is, an air layer is provided in the gap between the three members.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the terminal device according to this embodiment is a mobile phone 9. The mobile phone 9 is equipped with the reflective liquid crystal display device 1 described above. The X-axis direction of the reflective liquid crystal display device 1 is the horizontal direction of the screen of the mobile phone 9, and the Y-axis direction of the reflective liquid crystal display device 1 is the vertical direction of the screen of the mobile phone 9.

  Next, the operation of the display device according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an optical model in a cross section of the reflective liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 taken along a line segment parallel to the X axis. As shown in FIG. 5, since the display device of this embodiment is a reflection type, external light is used for display. First, the operation will be described by paying attention to the light 89 of a certain parallel light component in the external light incident on the reflective liquid crystal display device 1. The light 89 incident on the lenticular lens 3 is collected by the lenticular lens 3. As described above, the focal length of the lenticular lens 3 is set so as to focus on the reflector 4.

  Here, considering the case where the influence of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 is excluded, the light condensed by the lenticular lens is focused on the surface of the reflector. When this focal point exists on the slope of the concavo-convex structure, it is reflected in an oblique direction by the slope. As a result, the reflected light travels in a direction different from the direction of the user and does not substantially contribute to display. On the other hand, when the flat portion of the concavo-convex structure is focused, it is reflected in the front direction, and the reflected light travels in the direction of the user, contributing to display. In this way, a bright area and a dark area are generated in the display depending on the angle of the external light and the position of the user, so that a difference in brightness is observed on the display image and the image quality is deteriorated.

  In contrast, in the present invention, an anisotropic scattering sheet 6 is provided between the lenticular lens 3 and the reflecting plate 4. As described above, the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 has the largest scattering in the Y-axis direction and the smallest scattering in the X-axis direction. For this reason, the light condensed by the lenticular lens 3 is collected on the surface of the reflector 4 with some scattering in the X-axis direction. Thereby, compared with the case where there is no anisotropic scattering sheet 6, the area which irradiates a reflecting plate is large. In the Y-axis direction, since the scattering is larger than that in the X-axis direction, the area for irradiating the reflector can be increased. As a result, the light condensed by the lenticular lens 3 irradiates various places such as the slope portion and the flat portion of the concavo-convex structure 41 on the reflection plate 4. In other words, the parallel light incident on the display device is collected in the X-axis direction by the lenticular lens 3, but is slightly scattered in the X-axis direction by the anisotropic scattering sheet 6, and is greatly scattered in the Y-axis direction. The That is, even when parallel light is incident, it can be equivalent to the case where anisotropic diffused light having a large scattering characteristic in the Y-axis direction is incident. The reflected light then travels at various angles. Some of the light passes through the lenticular lens 3 again, the left and right images are separated and travel in the direction of the user, and stereoscopic display is realized. In addition, it passes through the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 again before passing through the lenticular lens 3, but the image quality deterioration due to the concavo-convex structure can also be reduced by the effect of anisotropic scattering at this time.

  Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described. As described above, in the present embodiment, an anisotropic scattering sheet is provided between the lenticular lens and the reflector, and the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering sheet is minimized is the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens. It is arranged in the direction to demonstrate. The direction in which the scattering is maximum is arranged orthogonal to the direction in which the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens is exhibited. Thereby, it is possible to suppress a decrease in display quality due to the concavo-convex structure of the lenticular lens and the reflector without significantly impairing the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens. If isotropic scattering is used, it is difficult to achieve both the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens and the effect of suppressing deterioration in display quality due to the uneven structure. By adopting anisotropic scattering, both of these can be achieved. Even when parallel light is incident, it can be equivalent to the case where diffused light having anisotropy is incident by an anisotropic scattering means such as an anisotropic scattering sheet. In other words, the anisotropic scattering means converts the parallel light component of the incident light into diffuse light having anisotropy. The diffused light having this anisotropy is set so as not to impair the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens. Thereby, not only can the image quality when parallel light is incident be improved, but also the image quality when light having a relatively high s directivity such as a spotlight is incident can be improved. That is, high display image quality can be realized without depending on the illumination conditions. In addition, when the concavo-convex structure of the reflector is large, the image quality is deteriorated due to the graininess caused by the pitch of the concavo-convex structure as well as the dark line pattern. Since scattering in a non-directional direction can be set large, it is possible to suppress deterioration in image quality due to the graininess and improve display quality. Furthermore, since the anisotropic scattering sheet in the present embodiment has scattering performance even in a direction slightly inclined from the Y-axis direction in the XY plane, the dark line pattern is reduced by using the scattering in the oblique direction. Display quality can be improved. Furthermore, it is not necessary to change the concavo-convex structure of the lenticular lens and the reflector, and the same lenticular lens can be used for, for example, a transmissive display device and a reflective display device, so that the types of members necessary for manufacturing can be reduced. Cost reduction is possible. In this embodiment, since the anisotropic scattering sheet is used, it is possible to easily adjust the scattering performance in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction only by changing the angle of the sheet in the XY plane. Become. Thereby, for example, when the scattering performance in the X-axis direction is insufficient, it is only necessary to arrange the anisotropic scattering sheet so that the scattering performance in the X-axis direction is increased, and it is possible to prevent a large member change and the like. Cost can be reduced.

  Note that the arrangement angle of the anisotropic scattering sheet in the present embodiment has been described assuming that the direction in which the scattering is minimum is arranged in the direction in which the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens is exhibited, but the present invention is not limited to this. It may be arranged with an angle instead of an object. Thus, as described above, it is possible to easily adjust the scattering performance in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction only by changing the angle of the sheet in the XY plane, and without changing a large-scale member. Since the scattering performance can be adjusted, the cost can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, an example is shown in which the anisotropic scattering structure 61 is a convex portion formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 on the + Z direction side, but the anisotropic scattering structure 61 is anisotropic. It may be formed on the surface of the ionic scattering sheet 6 on the −Z direction side. However, if the anisotropic scattering structure 61 is disposed close to the focal point of the lenticular lens 3, depending on the anisotropic scattering structure 61, the risk of image quality deterioration due to the structure itself increases, so that from the focal point. It is preferably formed on the surface on the + Z direction side which is a separated surface. That is, by disposing the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure is formed toward the lenticular lens side, it is possible to suppress deterioration in image quality. In addition, a concave portion may be used instead of the convex portion. Further, any anisotropic scattering sheet can be used as long as it has anisotropy in scattering. As an example, a mother mold prepared with an anisotropic scattering pattern may be prepared, and a film on which a mold pattern is transferred by a hot embossing method or a 2P method may be used. A graphic diffuser may be used, or a general isotropic scattering sheet may be stretched to have anisotropy. When an isotropic scattering sheet is stretched to have anisotropy, the isotropic scattering sheet as a raw fabric has scattering due to the surface uneven structure and is anisotropic to the surface uneven structure by stretching. It may be an anisotropic scattering sheet in which the above is generated. In addition, the isotropic scattering sheet that is the raw fabric contains materials with different refractive indexes inside the sheet, and anisotropy occurs in the distribution of materials with different refractive indexes due to stretching. An anisotropic scattering sheet that causes scattering may be used.

  Furthermore, the anisotropic scattering pattern may be a one-dimensional prism array in which a large number of one-dimensional prisms are arranged, or a one-dimensional lens array in which a large number of cylindrical lenses that are one-dimensional lens bodies are arranged. May be. Note that the lenticular lens used as the image distribution unit is set so as to separate the image displayed by the left-eye pixel and the right-eye pixel at a predetermined angle, but the one-dimensional lens as the anisotropic scattering unit The array is arranged so as not to have such an image separation effect. In one example, the lenses are arranged at a much finer pitch than the pixels. Further, the focal length is set to be several times or a fraction of the lens-pixel distance so that the lens focal point is not disposed on the pixel. In the case of using such a one-dimensional optical element, it is effective to arrange it with a rotation angle in the XY plane as a display surface. That is, the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximized is preferably a direction rotated from the second direction to the first direction.

  Although the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 in the present embodiment has been described as a structure in which an air layer exists in the gap with the lenticular lens 3 or the gap with the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2, the present invention is limited to this. Instead, the gap may be filled with an adhesive or an adhesive having a predetermined refractive index. Thereby, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the positions of the lenticular lens and the reflective liquid crystal display panel, and it is possible to reduce reflection at the interface, so that display quality can be further improved. In addition, as described in this embodiment, when using an anisotropic scattering sheet having a concavo-convex structure formed on the surface as an anisotropic scattering portion, the scattering effect is obtained by fixing with a material having the same refractive index as the concavo-convex structure. Therefore, it is appropriate to use materials having different refractive indexes. The advantage of separately configuring the anisotropic scattering portion as an anisotropic scattering sheet as in this embodiment is that a general anisotropic scattering sheet can be used and the anisotropic scattering effect needs to be changed. In this case, the influence on other members can be minimized.

  Furthermore, although the display panel in the present embodiment has been described as using a reflective liquid crystal display panel, the present invention is not limited to this, and the display panel uses a reflector having a concavo-convex structure. Can be applied effectively. For example, the present invention can be applied to a case where a transflective liquid crystal display panel capable of not only reflective display but also transmissive display is used, and can also be applied to a case where a reflective display panel other than the liquid crystal display panel is used. The transflective liquid crystal display panel can be applied to the micro-reflective liquid crystal display panel having a large transmissive area ratio and the micro-transmissive liquid crystal display panel having a large reflective area ratio in the same manner as the present embodiment. Further, the driving method of the liquid crystal display panel may be an active matrix method such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) method and a TFD (Thin Film Diode) method, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal) method, or the like. A passive matrix method may be used.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the case of the binocular stereoscopic display device provided with only the left eye pixel and the right eye pixel has been described. However, the present invention is an N eye type (N is an integer greater than 2). It is also applicable in some cases.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, in addition to color display using a color filter, a color image can be displayed by using a method of lighting a plurality of color light sources in a time-sharing manner.

  The structure of the lenticular lens in the present embodiment when the lens surface is arranged on the surface in the + Z direction, which is the user side direction, has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the lens surface is displayed. You may arrange | position in the surface of -Z direction which is a direction of a panel side. In this case, since the lens-pixel distance can be reduced, it is advantageous in dealing with high definition. Further, the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure is formed can be arranged farther from the focal point of the lenticular lens. Thereby, high image quality can be achieved.

  In the present embodiment, the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses constituting the lenticular lens is the X-axis direction, and the anisotropic scattering means is described as having a larger scattering characteristic in the Y-axis direction than in the X-axis direction. And in FIG. 4, it described so that the display surface of a display apparatus might be comprised from the side parallel to a X-axis direction, and the side parallel to a Y-axis direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses may be rotationally arranged on the display surface. At this time, it may be considered that the XY plane is rotated in FIG. That is, it is important that the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses and the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering means satisfy the configuration of this embodiment.

  Although the image distribution unit in the present embodiment has been described as using a lenticular lens, the present invention is not limited to this, and also for a parallax barrier system using a slit array as the image distribution unit. Can be applied. The lenticular lens has a three-dimensional shape having a structure in the height direction, whereas the parallax barrier has a planar two-dimensional shape and can be easily manufactured by using a photolithography technique, so that the cost is low. Can be realized. However, as described above, when a lenticular lens is used, no light loss occurs due to the image separation means. Therefore, the lenticular lens method is more advantageous in realizing bright reflection display.

  Next, conditions for the lenticular lens to act as the image distribution means will be described in detail. In this embodiment, the image distribution means distributes the light emitted from each pixel in different directions along the first direction in which the left-eye pixels and the right-eye pixels are arranged, that is, the X-axis direction. There must be. First, a case where the image distribution effect is maximized will be described with reference to FIG.

  The distance between the principal point of the lenticular lens 3, that is, the vertex and the pixel, is H, the refractive index of the lenticular lens 3 is n, and the lens pitch is L. Also, let P be the pitch of each one of the left-eye pixels 4L or the right-eye pixels 4R. At this time, the arrangement pitch of the display pixels composed of one left-eye pixel 4L and one right-eye pixel 4R is 2P.

  The distance between the lenticular lens 3 and the observer is the optimum observation distance OD, and the period of the enlarged projection image of the pixel at this distance OD, that is, the left eye on a virtual plane that is separated from the lens by the distance OD and parallel to the lens. The period of the width of the projected image of the pixel for use 4L and the pixel for the right eye 4R is assumed to be e. Further, the distance from the center of the cylindrical lens 3a positioned at the center of the lenticular lens 3 to the center of the cylindrical lens 3a positioned at the end of the lenticular lens 3 in the X-axis direction is WL, and the center of the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 is set. Let WP be the distance between the center of the display pixel composed of the left-eye pixel 4L and the right-eye pixel 4R and the center of the display pixel located at the end of the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 in the X-axis direction. Furthermore, the incident angle and the exit angle of light in the cylindrical lens 3a located in the center of the lenticular lens 3 are α and β, respectively, and the incident angle of light in the cylindrical lens 3a located at the end of the lenticular lens 3 in the X-axis direction and Let the outgoing angles be γ and δ, respectively. Furthermore, the difference between the distance WL and the distance WP is C, and the number of pixels included in the area of the distance WP is 2 m.

  Since the arrangement pitch L of the cylindrical lenses 3a and the arrangement pitch P of the pixels are related to each other, the other is determined according to one, but usually the lenticular lens is often designed according to the display panel. Therefore, the pixel arrangement pitch P is treated as a constant. Moreover, the refractive index n is determined by selecting the material of the lenticular lens 3a. On the other hand, the observation distance OD between the lens and the observer and the period e of the pixel enlarged projection image at the observation distance OD are set to desired values. These values are used to determine the distance H and lens pitch L between the vertex of the lens and the pixel. From Snell's law and geometrical relationships, the following formulas 1 to 6 hold. Also, the following formulas 7 to 9 are established.

[Formula 1]
n × sin α = sin β

[Formula 2]
OD × tan β = e

[Formula 3]
H × tan α = P

[Formula 4]
n × sin γ = sin δ

[Formula 5]
H × tan γ = C

[Formula 6]
OD × tan δ = WL

[Formula 7]
WP-WL = C

[Formula 8]
WP = 2 × m × P

[Formula 9]
WL = m × L

  First, consider the case where the image distribution effect is maximized as described above. This is the case where the distance H between the vertex of the lenticular lens and the pixel is set equal to the focal length f of the lenticular lens. As a result, the following formula 10 is established. When the radius of curvature of the lens is r, the radius of curvature r can be obtained by the following formula 11.

[Formula 10]
f = H

[Formula 11]
r = H × (n−1) / n

  Summarizing the above parameters, the pixel arrangement pitch P is a value determined by the display panel, and the observation distance OD and the period e of the enlarged pixel projection image are values determined by the setting of the display device. The refractive index n is determined by the material of the lens or the like. The lens arrangement pitch L and the lens-to-pixel distance H derived from these are parameters for determining the position at which the light from each pixel is projected onto the observation surface. The parameter for changing the image distribution effect is the radius of curvature r of the lens. That is, when the distance H between the lens and the pixel is fixed, if the radius of curvature of the lens is changed from the ideal state, the images of the left and right pixels are blurred and cannot be clearly separated. That is, it is only necessary to obtain a radius of curvature range in which separation is effective.

  First, the minimum value of the radius of curvature range for the lens separation action is calculated. As shown in FIG. 7, in order for the separation effect to exist, a triangle having a lens pitch L as a base and a focal length f as a height is similar to a triangle having a pixel pitch P as a base and Hf as a height. It is sufficient if the relationship is established. Thus, the following formula 12 is established, and the minimum value fmin of the focal length can be obtained.

[Formula 12]
fmin = H × L / (L + P)

  Next, the radius of curvature is calculated from the focal length. Using Equation 11, the minimum value rmin of the radius of curvature can be obtained as Equation 13 below.

[Formula 13]
rmin = H × L × (n−1) / (L + P) / n

Next, the maximum value is calculated. As shown in FIG. 8, in order for the separation effect to exist, a triangle having a lens pitch L as a base and a focal length f as a height is similar to a triangle having a pixel pitch P as a base and fH as a height. It is sufficient if the relationship is established.
Thus, the following formula 14 is established, and the maximum focal length fmax can be obtained.

[Formula 14]
fmax = H × L / (LP)

  Next, the radius of curvature is calculated from the focal length. Using Equation 11, the minimum value rmax of the radius of curvature can be obtained as Equation 15 below.

[Formula 15]
rmax = H * L * (n-1) / (LP) / n

  In summary, in order for the lens to exhibit the image distribution effect, the radius of curvature of the lens needs to be within the range of the following Expression 16 expressed by Expression 13 and Expression 15.

[Formula 16]
H × L × (n−1) / (L + P) / n ≦ r ≦ H × L × (n−1) / (LP) / n

  In the above description, a two-viewpoint stereoscopic image display device having a left-eye pixel and a right-eye pixel has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be similarly applied to an N-viewpoint display device. In this case, in the above-described definition of the distance WP, the number of pixels included in the area of the distance WP may be changed from 2m to N × m.

  Next, a desirable position in the Z-axis direction of the anisotropic scattering structure will be described. In the case where the above-described anisotropic scattering structure has no scattering component in the X-axis direction, it does not pose any significant problem regardless of the position in the Z-axis direction. However, generally, some scattering components are also generated in the X-axis direction. And if the structure which generate | occur | produces the scattering of this X-axis direction exists uniformly, it will not become a big problem. However, in a case where a scattering structure in the X-axis direction exists in a part in the X-axis direction and does not exist in other parts, the position of the scattering structure in the Z-axis direction greatly affects the image quality. It is an important parameter.

  This phenomenon will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the case where the anisotropic scattering structure exists near the focal point of the cylindrical lens, and particularly shows the case where the influence of the anisotropic scattering structure is large. FIG. 10 shows a case where the influence of the anisotropic scattering structure is small. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a case where the anisotropic scattering structure is present at a position sufficiently away from the focal point of the cylindrical lens. The anisotropic scattering structure has the maximum scattering performance in the Y-axis direction, but has some scattering in the X-axis direction. And the part which has scattering also in the X-axis direction is only a part of the anisotropic scattering structure. Here, since attention is particularly paid to scattering in the X-axis direction, only a portion having a scattering component in the X-axis direction is described as the anisotropic scattering structure 61 in FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the anisotropic scattering structure 61 that scatters in the X-axis direction exists near the focal point of the cylindrical lens 3a, most of the light emitted from the cylindrical lens 3a is anisotropically scattered. Under the influence of the structure 61. However, as shown in FIG. 10, when the angle of the light emitted from the cylindrical lens 3a is slightly changed, that is, when the observer observes from a slightly oblique direction, the influence of the anisotropic scattering structure 61 becomes small. As described above, the influence of the anisotropic scattering structure increases or decreases depending on the angle at which the observer visually recognizes the display device. When the influence of the anisotropic scattering structure is large, the scattering in the X-axis direction is large, and when the influence is small, the scattering is also small.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10, when the anisotropic scattering structure 61 exists at a position sufficiently away from the focal point of the cylindrical lens 3a, it is always affected by the anisotropic scattering structure 61. Is not recognized as a reduction in image quality. Thus, it is preferable to dispose the anisotropic scattering structure away from the focal point of the lens.

  Next, the degree to which the anisotropic scattering structure should be separated from the focal point will be described in detail. As described above, it is desirable that the anisotropic scattering structure having scattering in the X-axis direction is uniformly present in the X-axis direction, and in this case, it is not a big problem. That is, it is desirable that the anisotropic scattering structure is fine, and the problem becomes large when it is coarse. For example, when the distance between the anisotropic scattering structures in the X-axis direction is larger than the lens arrangement pitch L, a cylindrical lens in which the anisotropic scattering structure exists and a cylindrical lens that does not exist are generated. In this case, since it is perceived by the observer as a reduction in image quality, when there are a plurality of anisotropic scattering structures having scattering in the X-axis direction, the interval is preferably less than or equal to the lens arrangement pitch L. . Therefore, consider a case where the spacing between the anisotropic scattering structures is L and one anisotropic scattering structure corresponds to one cylindrical lens. In addition, since it is preferable that the anisotropic scattering structure has a larger width in the X-axis direction because it can be made more uniform, a case where the width in the X-axis direction is zero is considered as a boundary condition. Furthermore, since it is difficult to separate the anisotropic scattering structure from the focal point of the lens when the focal length of the lens is short, the minimum focal length condition represented by Expression 12 or 13 is considered.

  Further, as a precondition, consider the case where the anisotropic scattering structure acts not only in the main lobe but also in the primary side lobe. As described above, in the present embodiment, the display unit composed of the left and right pixels and the lens are arranged in correspondence with each other. In general, a main lobe refers to light emitted from a display unit and passing through a corresponding lens. The primary side lobe refers to light emitted from a pixel pair and passing through a lens corresponding to the pixel pair adjacent to the pixel pair. The main lobe exists in the front direction of the display device, and the primary side lobe exists in an obliquely inclined direction along the lens arrangement direction.

  As shown in FIG. 12, when the anisotropic scattering structure exists in the vicinity of the optical axis of the lens, the anisotropic scattering structure not only in the main lobe but also in the primary side lobe if it is far away from the focal point of the lens. Can act. If the distance from the principal point of the lens, that is, the apex to the anisotropic scattering structure is H1, the distance from the anisotropic scattering structure to the pixel surface is H-H1. Therefore, considering the case where the light emitted from the adjacent pixel pair passes through the anisotropic scattering structure 61 and enters the end of the cylindrical lens 3a, L / 2, which is half the arrangement pitch of the lenses, is used as the base. A similar relationship is established between a triangle with a height of H1 and a triangle with a distance of 1.5N × P (N = 2 for left and right pixels) for H1 and a height of H-H1. Then, the following formula 17 is established.

[Formula 17]
L / 2: H1 = 1.5N × P: H−H1

  When formula 17 is arranged for H1, the following formula 18 is obtained.

[Formula 18]
H1 = L × H / (L + 3N × P)

  Since the value calculated by Equation 18 is a boundary condition, there is no problem as long as it is within a range smaller than this value as shown in Equation 19. The lower limit of H1 is zero, which is when an anisotropic scattering structure is formed on the lens surface.

[Formula 19]
H1 ≦ L × H / (L + 3N × P)

  As a precondition, it is assumed that the anisotropic scattering structure exists on the optical axis of the lens. However, as described above, the primary side lobe adjacent to the main lobe is taken into consideration. This condition can also cope with the case where the device exists in the location.

  In summary, the anisotropic scattering having a scattering property along the X-axis direction is arranged by arranging the distance between the apex of the lens and the anisotropic scattering structure to be L × H / (L + 3N × P) or less. Even when the structure is not sufficiently miniaturized, the present invention can be applied and an improvement in image quality can be realized.

  Next, in the case where a parallax barrier is used as the image distribution means, conditions for the parallax barrier to effectively exhibit the image distribution action will be described in detail. First, the parallax barrier method will be described with reference to FIG.

  The parallax barrier 7 is a barrier (light-shielding plate) in which a number of thin vertical stripe-shaped openings, that is, slits 7a are formed. In other words, the parallax barrier is an optical member formed such that a plurality of slits extending in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction serving as the distribution direction are arranged along the first direction. is there. The light emitted from the left-eye pixel 4L toward the parallax barrier 7 becomes a light beam traveling toward the region EL when transmitted through the slit 7a. Similarly, the light emitted from the right-eye pixel 4R toward the parallax barrier 7 becomes a light beam traveling toward the region ER when passing through the slit 7a. At this time, when the observer places the left eye 552 in the region EL and places the right eye 551 in the region ER, the observer can recognize a stereoscopic image.

  Next, the size of each part of the stereoscopic image display device in which a parallax barrier having a slit-like opening is arranged on the front surface of the display panel will be described in detail. As shown in FIG. 13, the arrangement pitch of the slits 7a of the parallax barrier 7 is L, and the distance between the parallax barrier 7 and the pixel is H. Further, the distance between the parallax barrier 7 and the observer is set as the optimum observation distance OD. Further, WL is a distance from the center of the slit 7a located at the center of the parallax barrier 7 to the center of the slit 7a located at the end of the parallax barrier 7 in the X-axis direction. Since the parallax barrier 7 itself is a light-shielding plate, it does not transmit light incident on other than the slit 7a, but a substrate that supports the barrier layer is provided, and the refractive index of this substrate is defined as n. If there is no support substrate, the refractive index n may be set to 1, which is the refractive index of air. When defined in this way, the light emitted from the slit 7a is refracted according to Snell's law when emitted from the substrate supporting the barrier layer. Therefore, the incident angle and the emission angle of light in the slit 7a located in the center of the parallax barrier 7 are α and β, respectively, and the incident angle and emission of the light in the slit 7a located at the end of the parallax barrier 7 in the X-axis direction Let the angles be γ and δ, respectively. Furthermore, let S1 be the opening width of the slit 7a. Since the arrangement pitch L of the slits 7a and the arrangement pitch P of the pixels are related to each other, the other is determined according to one, but usually, a parallax barrier is often designed according to the display panel. Therefore, the pixel arrangement pitch P is treated as a constant. Moreover, the refractive index n is determined by selecting the material of the support substrate of the barrier layer. On the other hand, the observation distance OD between the parallax barrier and the observer and the period e of the pixel enlarged projection image at the observation distance OD are set to desired values. These values are used to determine the distance H and the barrier pitch L between the barrier and the pixel. From Snell's law and geometrical relationships, the following formulas 20 to 25 are established. Further, the following mathematical formulas 26 to 28 are established.

[Formula 20]
n × sin α = sin β

[Formula 21]
OD × tan β = e

[Formula 22]
H × tan α = P

[Formula 23]
n × sin γ = sin δ

[Formula 24]
H × tan γ = C

[Formula 25]
OD × tan δ = WL

[Formula 26]
WP-WL = C

[Formula 27]
WP = 2 × m × P

[Formula 28]
WL = m × L

  In the above description, a two-viewpoint stereoscopic image display device having a left-eye pixel and a right-eye pixel has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be similarly applied to an N-viewpoint display device. In this case, in the above-described definition of the distance WP, the number of pixels included in the area of the distance WP may be changed from 2m to N × m.

  Summarizing the above parameters, the pixel arrangement pitch P is a value determined by the display panel, and the observation distance OD and the period e of the enlarged pixel projection image are values determined by the setting of the display device. The refractive index n is determined by the material of the support substrate or the like. The slit arrangement pitch L derived from these and the distance H between the parallax barrier and the pixels are parameters for determining the position at which the light from each pixel is projected onto the observation surface. The parameter for changing the image distribution effect is the opening width S1 of the slit. That is, when the distance H between the barrier and the pixel is fixed, the images of the left and right pixels are more clearly separated as the slit opening width S1 is smaller. The principle is the same as that of a pinhole camera. When the aperture width S1 is increased, the left and right pixel images are blurred and cannot be clearly separated.

  The range of the slit width in which separation is effective in the parallax barrier can be calculated more intuitively than in the lens system. As shown in FIG. 14, the light emitted from the boundary between the left-eye pixel 4L and the right-eye pixel 4R is narrowed to a width S1 that is the opening width when passing through the slit 7a. The distance OD travels and reaches the observation surface. In order for the separation effect to exist, the width of the observation surface must be e or less. If it is wider than this width, it will be longer than the projection period of the left and right pixels, so it will not be separated. The opening width S1 of the slit 7a at this time is half of the slit pitch L. That is, the range of the slit width in which separation is effective in the parallax barrier is ½ or less of the slit pitch.

  Next, a desirable position in the Z-axis direction of the anisotropic scattering structure in the parallax barrier method will be described. As shown in FIG. 15, the parallax barrier method can be considered in the same manner as the lens method. Therefore, by treating the lens arrangement pitch L as the opening width S1 of the slit 7a and applying it to the above equation 19, the following equation 29 can be obtained.

[Formula 29]
H1 ≦ S1 × H / (S1 + 3N × P)

  In summary, by arranging the parallax barrier and the anisotropic scattering structure so that the distance between them is S1 × H / (S1 + 3N × P) or less, the anisotropic scattering has a scattering property along the X-axis direction. Even when the structure is not sufficiently miniaturized, the present invention can be applied and an improvement in image quality can be realized.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a mobile phone is exemplified as a terminal device, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various devices such as a PDA, a personal TV, a game machine, a digital camera, a digital video camera, and a notebook personal computer are used. It can apply to the portable terminal device. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to portable terminal devices but also to various fixed terminal devices such as cash dispensers, vending machines, monitors, and television receivers.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment. In the above-described first embodiment of the present invention, the anisotropic scattering sheet that is an anisotropic scattering portion is disposed between the lenticular lens that is the image distribution portion and the reflective liquid crystal display panel. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, an anisotropic scattering structure is provided on the surface opposite to the surface on which the lens surface of the lenticular lens that is the image distribution unit is formed, and is integrally formed with the lenticular lens. Is different.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 16, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 11 according to the present embodiment, the lenticular lens 31 that is an image distribution unit is provided on the + Z direction side that is the outermost surface of the reflective liquid crystal display device 11. A large number of cylindrical lenses 31 a are formed on the surface in the + Z direction which is the surface on the user side of the lenticular lens 31. An anisotropic scattering structure 62 that is an anisotropic scattering portion is formed on the surface in the −Z direction that is the surface on the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 side of the lenticular lens 31. In one example, the anisotropic scattering structure 62 is formed by setting and pressing a mold for the anisotropic scattering structure on the back surface when the lens surface is formed on the lenticular lens 31 using the hot embossing method. It can be formed simultaneously with the surface. In addition to this method, a technique of applying a pattern extending in one direction using an anisotropic blaster such as an oblique blaster, or a technique of rubbing in one direction such as a rubbing technique can be suitably used. The lenticular lens 31 and the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 are fixed by an adhesive material 51. The adhesive material 51 uses a material whose refractive index value is different from the refractive index value of the lenticular lens 31. ing. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, similar to the first embodiment described above, by using the anisotropic scattering portion, the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens is not greatly impaired, and is caused by the uneven structure of the lenticular lens and the reflector. Decrease in display quality can be suppressed. Further, since the anisotropic scattering part is integrally formed with the lenticular lens as compared with the first embodiment described above, the part supporting the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering part can be eliminated. Thinning becomes possible. In addition, compared to the case where the anisotropic scattering portion and the image distribution portion are separately formed and combined, it is possible to integrally form, so the number of members can be reduced and the number of assembly steps can be reduced. Cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the positional variation between the anisotropic scattering part and the image distribution part during assembly can be eliminated, the variation can be reduced. In this embodiment, it is necessary to prepare a special lenticular lens in which the anisotropic scattering portion and the image distribution portion are integrally formed, but it is not necessary to change the pitch and curvature of the lens, and the conventional mold Therefore, the cost can be reduced. Furthermore, the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure is formed can be arranged further away from the focal point of the lenticular lens, and high image quality can be achieved. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment. In the above-described second embodiment of the present invention, the anisotropic scattering structure that is the anisotropic scattering portion is formed on the surface opposite to the surface on which the lens surface of the lenticular lens that is the image distribution portion is formed. It had been. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, the lenticular lens as the image distribution unit and the reflective liquid crystal display panel are bonded using the anisotropic scattering paste 63 having anisotropic scattering performance. Is different.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 17, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 12 according to the present embodiment, the anisotropic scattering paste 63 is applied to the surface of the lenticular lens 3 opposite to the surface on which the cylindrical lens 3a is formed. The lenticular lens 3 and the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 are bonded together by the anisotropic scattering paste 63. In one example, the anisotropic scattering paste 63 is a fiber or rod-shaped material that is oriented and dispersed in the paste, and both have different refractive indexes. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the second embodiment described above.

  In the present embodiment, similarly to the second embodiment described above, by using the anisotropic scattering portion, the lenticular lens and the reflecting plate are unevenly formed without significantly impairing the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens. Decrease in display quality can be suppressed. Further, as compared with the second embodiment described above, a die for molding the anisotropic scattering structure and a process for transferring the anisotropic scattering structure are not required, so that the cost can be reduced. . Furthermore, since the fiber-like or rod-like material contained in the anisotropic scattering paste has a very fine structure, the in-plane uniformity of scattering is high. Thereby, it is possible to further improve the image quality. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the second embodiment described above.

  Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment. In the above-described third embodiment of the present invention, the lenticular lens as the image distribution unit and the reflective liquid crystal display panel are bonded using the anisotropic scattering paste 63 having anisotropic scattering performance. . On the other hand, the fourth embodiment is different in that the lenticular lens as the image distribution unit itself has an anisotropic scattering structure.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 8, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 according to the present embodiment, the base material of the lenticular lens 32 has anisotropic scattering, which makes the lenticular lens 32 itself anisotropic. It has scattering performance. As a method for producing a base material having anisotropic scattering performance, a fiber-like or rod-like material having a different refractive index is oriented and dispersed at the time of producing the base material, and a base material having isotropic scattering is stretched. A method of imparting anisotropy to scattering can be suitably used. The lens shape is transferred to the surface of the thus-prepared base material having anisotropic scattering performance using, for example, a hot embossing method, and the lenticular lens 32 having anisotropic scattering can be manufactured. The lenticular lens 32 is fixed to the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 with an adhesive material 52. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the third embodiment described above.

  In the present embodiment, similarly to the third embodiment described above, by using the anisotropic scattering portion, the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens is not significantly impaired, and is caused by the uneven structure of the lenticular lens and the reflector. Decrease in display quality can be suppressed. Further, when compared with the second embodiment described above, it is not necessary to use an adhesive material having a refractive index different from that of the lenticular lens. Furthermore, when compared with the third embodiment described above, it is not necessary to use anisotropic scattering glue. That is, compared to the second or third embodiment described above, the choice of usable adhesive material and glue can be greatly increased, so in addition to the features of the second or third embodiment described above, Cost can be further reduced. Furthermore, the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure is formed can be arranged further away from the focal point of the lenticular lens, and high image quality can be achieved.

  In the present embodiment, the lenticular lens that is the image distribution unit has been described as having an anisotropic scattering structure therein, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other constituent members May have anisotropic scattering performance inside. In one example, a plastic substrate is used for the display panel, and this plastic substrate may have anisotropic scattering performance. Moreover, the polarizing plate or phase difference plate used for a liquid crystal display panel may have anisotropic scattering. Furthermore, the adhesive layer for fixing the optical film provided on the display panel to the substrate of the display panel may be an anisotropic scattering adhesive layer. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the third embodiment described above.

  Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment, FIG. 20 is a top view showing the light guide plate and LEDs shown in FIG. 19, and FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the light guide plates and LEDs shown in FIG. It is.

  As shown in FIG. 19, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device 14 of this embodiment, the lenticular lens 3, the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 21, the anisotropic scattering sheet 64, and the backlight unit 8 are provided in this order from the user side. It has been. Similar to the reflective liquid crystal display panel 2 in the first embodiment of the present invention described above, the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 21 includes the left-eye pixels 41L and the right-eye pixels 41R to which the display pixels of the display panel are adjacent. Has been. Each display pixel is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical lens 3a, and the lenticular lens 3 is arranged so that one cylindrical lens 3a corresponds to the arrayed display pixel column. It is the same. That is, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device 14 of the present embodiment, the basic configuration of the lenticular lens as the image distribution unit and the display panel is the same as that of the first embodiment of the present invention, and the display panel serves as a backlight. The difference is that it is a transmissive type that requires a planar light source. The focal length of the cylindrical lens 3a constituting the lenticular lens 3 is set to a distance between the principal point of the cylindrical lens 3a, that is, the apex of the lens, and the left-eye pixel 4L or the right-eye pixel 4R. . The backlight unit 8 includes an LED 81 serving as a light source and a light guide plate 82 for propagating light emitted from the light source to form a planar light source. As shown in FIG. 20, the LED 81 is disposed on the surface of the light guide plate 82 on the −Y side. The light emitted from the LED 81 enters the light guide plate 82 from the surface in the −Y direction of the light guide plate 82 and propagates while totally reflecting the light guide plate.

  As shown in FIG. 20, a large number of dots 83 (uneven structure) are arranged on the surface of the light guide plate 82 on the + Z side. In one example, the dots 83 are formed by printing on the light guide plate 82 and play a role of breaking the total reflection condition for light propagating in the light guide plate and extracting the light in the + Z direction. As shown in FIG. 21, when the light emitted from the LED 81 disposed on the -Y side surface of the light guide plate 82 is incident on the light guide plate, it propagates while being totally reflected in the light guide plate as described above. Is a case where light is incident on a portion where the dot 83 is not formed. When light propagating while being totally reflected enters the portion of the dot 83, the total reflection condition collapses due to the shape of the dot. Thereby, the light propagating in the light guide plate is taken out of the light guide plate, and the light guide plate acts as a planar light source. Thus, in the light guide plate in which dots are formed, light is extracted from the dot portions. In other words, when the planar light source on which dots are formed is observed microscopically, the dot portion is brighter than the other portions. This difference in microscopic brightness does not occur only in the light guide plate on which dots are formed, but by providing some structure such as a minute groove on the light guide plate, the total reflection condition is broken, leading to This phenomenon occurs in common when light is extracted from the optical plate. That is, in the light guide plate having a minute uneven shape, the emitted light has a microscopic in-plane distribution due to the uneven structure.

  The anisotropic scattering sheet 64 in this embodiment has the same basic structure as that of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 in the first embodiment of the present invention, but the direction in which the scattering is maximum is the X-axis direction. The difference is that the direction in which scattering is minimized is set in the Y-axis direction. Furthermore, the anisotropic scattering structure 641 is formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet 64 on the −Z side. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Next, the operation of the transmissive liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an optical model in a cross section taken along a line segment parallel to the X-axis direction in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 22, since the display device according to the present embodiment is a transmissive type, display is realized using light emitted from the light guide plate 82 and incident on the display panel 21. Now, focusing on the light that passes through a certain point of the display pixel of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 21 and is incident on the cylindrical lens corresponding to the pixel, the light ray group incident on the cylindrical lens 3a is focused on the lens pitch as a base. Form a triangle with the distance as the height. Further, since the focal length of the cylindrical lens is set to the distance between the apex of the lens and the pixel as described above, the light emitted from the cylindrical lens becomes parallel light.

  Here, considering the case where the anisotropic scattering sheet 64 does not exist, a group of light rays emitted from the light guide plate 82 and directed to a certain point of the display pixels form a triangle. As described above, the light emitted from the light guide plate 82 is emitted mainly from the dots 83. For this reason, when a dot is not included in the base of the triangle formed by the light ray group emitted from the light guide plate 82 and directed to a certain point of the display pixel, there is no light passing through the certain point of the display pixel. become. On the other hand, when a dot is included, there is light that passes through a certain point of the display pixel. The point on the display pixel changes depending on the angle at which the user observes the display panel, and accordingly, the position of the base of the triangle formed by the light ray group toward the point also changes. For this reason, when there is no anisotropic diffusion sheet, depending on the position of the user, a bright area and a dark area are generated in the display, so that a difference in brightness is observed on the display image, The image quality will deteriorate.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the anisotropic scattering sheet 64 exists, the light ray group directed to a certain point of the display pixel is from a wider range than when the anisotropic scattering sheet 64 does not exist. It will be emitted. Thereby, it is possible to reduce a possibility that a portion where the dot 83 is not formed corresponds to a certain point of the display pixel. That is, it is possible to suppress deterioration in image quality due to a structure of a planar light source such as a lenticular lens serving as an image distribution unit and a backlight unit.

  Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described. As described above, in the present embodiment, an anisotropic scattering sheet is provided between the lenticular lens and the backlight unit, and the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering sheet is maximum is the image distribution direction of the lenticular lens. It is arranged to become. The anisotropic scattering sheet is disposed between the display panel and the backlight unit. Thereby, it is possible to suppress a decrease in display quality due to the uneven structure of the lenticular lens and the backlight unit without impairing the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens. When the isotropic sheet is used instead of the anisotropic sheet as the scattering sheet, the light emitted from the backlight unit 8 is scattered in various directions, which causes a problem of lowering the brightness in the front direction. However, since the scattering direction can be limited by using the anisotropic scattering sheet as in the present embodiment, a decrease in front luminance can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, it has been described that the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering sheet is formed is arranged toward the backlight unit 8 side, but the present invention is not limited to this. It can also be arranged toward the display panel 21 side. However, if an anisotropic scattering structure is disposed in the vicinity of the focal point of the lenticular lens 3, the anisotropic scattering structure may be affected. That is, by disposing the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure is formed toward the backlight unit 8 side, it is possible to further reduce image quality degradation.

  In the present embodiment, the light guide plate 82 having the pattern of the dots 83 formed on the surface has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and has a minute structure as described above. The same applies to the case of using an optical element. In the above description, the example in which the dot pattern is formed on the surface of the light guide plate 82 on the lenticular lens 3 side has been described. The present invention can be similarly applied to the case where the is formed. That is, the present invention can be applied as long as it has a minute structure and the emitted light has a minute in-plane distribution due to this structure. Specific examples of such a light guide plate include a method of providing a minute groove to extract light to the outside and a hologram method of providing a minute structure to control the directivity of emitted light. it can. Moreover, the optical element having a minute structure is not limited to the light guide plate, and can be similarly applied to an optical sheet for controlling light emitted from the light guide plate. As an example of such an optical sheet, a large number of prisms are formed on the surface on the + Z side, and an upward prism sheet that increases the directivity of outgoing light by utilizing refraction by this prism structure, and a large number on the surface on the −Z side. And a downward-facing prism sheet that enhances the directivity of outgoing light by utilizing refraction and total reflection by the prism structure. In this embodiment, the choices of these prism sheets can be increased, and the cost can be reduced. Furthermore, the present invention can be similarly applied to a method in which a light guide plate and an optical sheet are closely arranged via a large number of minute dots and light is extracted from the light guide plate using this contact dot structure.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering sheet is maximized is arranged so as to be parallel to the image distribution direction of the lenticular lens that is the image distribution unit. The arrangement is not limited, and a predetermined angle may be provided.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, although it demonstrated as using an anisotropic scattering sheet as an anisotropic scattering part, this invention is not limited to this, It describes in other embodiment of this invention. The anisotropic scattering part can also be preferably used. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

  Further, the display panel in the present embodiment has been described as using a transmissive liquid crystal display panel, but the present invention is not limited to this, and is effectively applied to a display panel using a backlight. can do. For example, the present invention can be similarly applied to a case where a transmissive display panel other than the liquid crystal display panel is used.

  Furthermore, the present invention can be similarly applied not only when a lenticular lens is used but also when a parallax barrier is used.

  In addition, optical members such as light guide plates and optical sheets, which are constituent elements of the backlight as the illumination means, have restrictions on optical characteristics such as in-plane uniformity of light emission, so the structure such as pitch is also restricted. There is. Therefore, even if a finer one is preferable when combined with image distribution means, it is generally difficult to make it finer. On the other hand, since the anisotropic scattering structure can be miniaturized independently of the structure of the backlight, it can be arranged close to the image distribution means, and the image quality can be improved.

  Next, a case where a parallax barrier is used as the image distribution means and the parallax barrier is arranged on the light source side of the display panel will be described in detail. First, a case where a parallax barrier is arranged on the back side of the display panel will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 23, the arrangement pitch of the slits 7a of the parallax barrier 7 is L, and the distance between the parallax barrier 7 and the pixel is H. Further, the thickness of the display panel including the parallax barrier 7 is Ht, and the distance between the display panel and the observer is the optimum observation distance OD. Further, WL is a distance from the center of the slit 7a located at the center of the parallax barrier 7 to the center of the slit 7a located at the end of the parallax barrier 7 in the X-axis direction. Since the parallax barrier 7 itself is a light-shielding plate, it does not transmit light incident on other than the slit 7a, but a substrate that supports the barrier layer is provided, and the refractive index of this substrate is defined as n. If there is no support substrate, the refractive index n may be set to 1, which is the refractive index of air. When defined in this way, the light emitted from the slit 7a and passing through the pixel is refracted according to Snell's law when emitted from the display panel. Therefore, paying attention to the light emitted from the slit 7a located at the center of the parallax barrier 7, the incident angle and the emission angle at the end face on the viewer side of the display panel are α and β, respectively. Similarly, in the slit 7a located at the end of the parallax barrier 7 in the X-axis direction, the incident angle and the outgoing angle are γ and δ, respectively. Furthermore, let S1 be the opening width of the slit 7a. Since the arrangement pitch L of the slits 7a and the arrangement pitch P of the pixels are related to each other, the other is determined according to one, but usually, a parallax barrier is often designed according to the display panel. Therefore, the pixel arrangement pitch P is treated as a constant. Moreover, the refractive index n is determined by selecting the material of the support substrate of the barrier layer. On the other hand, the observation distance OD between the parallax barrier and the observer and the period e of the pixel enlarged projection image at the observation distance OD are set to desired values. These values are used to determine the distance H and the barrier pitch L between the barrier and the pixel. From Snell's law and geometric relationships, the following formulas 30 to 35 are established. Further, the following formulas 36 to 38 are established.

[Formula 30]
n × sin α = sin β

[Formula 31]
OD × tan β = e + P × Ht / H

[Formula 32]
H × tan α = P

[Formula 33]
n × sin γ = sin δ

[Formula 34]
H × tan γ = C × Ht / H

[Formula 35]
OD × tan δ = WP− (Ht / H−1) × C

[Formula 36]
WP-WL = C

[Formula 37]
WP = 2 × m × P

[Formula 38]
WL = m × L

  In the above description, a two-viewpoint stereoscopic image display device having a left-eye pixel and a right-eye pixel has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be similarly applied to an N-viewpoint display device. In this case, in the above-described definition of the distance WP, the number of pixels included in the area of the distance WP may be changed from 2m to N × m.

  In the rear parallax barrier method, the slit width range in which image separation is effective is half of the slit pitch L as in the front type.

  Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to the present embodiment. In the fifth embodiment of the present invention described above, the anisotropic scattering sheet that is the anisotropic scattering portion is disposed between the transmissive liquid crystal display panel and the backlight unit, and the anisotropic scattering sheet is scattered. The maximum direction is arranged parallel to the image distribution direction of the lenticular lens, which is the image distribution unit, and the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering sheet is formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet on the backlight unit side It had been. On the other hand, in the sixth embodiment, a transflective liquid crystal display panel having a transmissive display area and a reflective display area for each pixel is used as the display panel. The difference is that it is arranged between the lenticular lens and the transmissive liquid crystal display panel, and the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering sheet is maximized is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction of the lenticular lens. The anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering sheet is formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet on the lenticular lens side.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 24, in the transflective image display device 15 according to the present embodiment, the lenticular lens 3, the anisotropic scattering sheet 65, the transflective liquid crystal display panel 22 and the back are sequentially arranged from the user side. A light unit 8 is provided. Furthermore, the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering sheet 65 is maximized is set in the Y-axis direction, and is orthogonal to the X-axis direction that is the image distribution direction of the lenticular lens. Furthermore, the anisotropic scattering structure 651 of the anisotropic scattering sheet 65 is formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet 65 on the + Z side. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the fifth embodiment described above.

  In the present embodiment, as in the fifth embodiment described above, it is possible to suppress deterioration in display quality due to the concavo-convex structure of the lenticular lens and the backlight unit without significantly impairing the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens. Moreover, since the scattering direction can be limited by using an anisotropic scattering sheet, it is possible to suppress a decrease in front luminance. Also, compared with the fifth embodiment described above, an anisotropic scattering portion is arranged between the lenticular lens and the transflective liquid crystal display panel, so that the uneven structure of the lenticular lens and the reflecting plate can be obtained during reflective display. The resulting display quality degradation can be suppressed. That is, it is possible to simultaneously reduce display quality deterioration due to the uneven structure of the backlight unit and display quality deterioration due to the uneven structure of the reflector.

  Further, in the present embodiment, it has been described that the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering sheet is formed is arranged toward the lenticular lens side, but compared with the case where it is arranged toward the display panel side. In addition, since the anisotropic scattering structure can be arranged away from the focal point of the lenticular lens, it is possible to further reduce image quality degradation. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the fifth embodiment described above.

  Here, before describing the subsequent embodiments, the problems newly found by the inventor will be described as problems common to the seventh to tenth embodiments of the present invention. That is, in a display device provided with an image allocating unit such as a lenticular lens, a pattern of a region that does not contribute to display, such as a boundary region of adjacent pixels, is a line parallel to the lens or slit arrangement direction. The problem is that the image quality is degraded. The present inventor has intensively studied on the improvement of image quality of a display device provided with an image distribution unit. As a result, we found a phenomenon in which the stripe pattern that overlaps the display image and extends in the image distribution direction is more visible than conventional display devices that do not have an image distribution unit. This knowledge will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a first comparative example of the present invention, FIG. 26 is a top view showing pixels of the display panel shown in FIG. 25, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the visual recognition image of a display screen when a person visually recognizes.

  As shown in FIG. 25, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device 116 of the first comparative example, a lenticular lens 103 and a transmissive liquid crystal display panel 123 are provided in this order from the user side. Similar to the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 21 in the fifth embodiment of the present invention described above, the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 123 includes left-eye pixels 142L and right-eye pixels 142R to which display pixels of the display panel are adjacent. Has been. The lenticular lens 103 is arranged so that one cylindrical lens 103a corresponds to a column of display pixels, as in the fifth embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 26, in the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 123 of the first comparative example, the left eye pixel 142L and the right eye pixel 142R are surrounded by a light shielding region 140 around the region where the light of each pixel is transmitted. have. The light shielding region 140 is formed for the purpose of removing the influence of adjacent pixels or securing a region for providing wiring. In the first comparative example, since the display pixels are arranged in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, the light shielding region 140 is a combination of a large number of line segments extending in the X-axis direction and a large number of line segments extending in the Y-axis direction. It has a shape. Such a shape of the light shielding region is often seen in a normal liquid crystal display panel.

  When a display panel having such a light-shielding region shape is provided with a lenticular lens that is an image distribution unit, the front observer observes the AA line of the left-eye pixel 142L and the right-eye pixel 142R, respectively. The part of line BB will be observed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 27, the observer cannot observe the line segment extending in the Y-axis direction as the light-shielding region, and can visually recognize only the line segment extending in the X-axis direction. That is, only the light shielding region extending in the image distribution direction is visually recognized, and the light shielding region in the direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction is not visually recognized. When the lenticular lens is not provided, the user visually recognizes the lattice pattern in the vertical and horizontal directions, but by providing the lenticular lens, the observer visually recognizes the light-shielding area only in the image distribution direction. It will be recognized as a striped pattern that stretches. In one example, in the case of the first comparative example, since the image distribution direction corresponds to the left-right direction, the horizontal stripe pattern is visually recognized superimposed on the display image. Due to the stripe pattern, the quality of the display image is deteriorated.

  Further, the present inventor has further studied the striped pattern and found that the lower the resolution of the display panel, the greater the problem. This is probably because the lower the resolution, the greater the width and spacing of the stripes, and the user can easily see. Further, it has been found that in the case of a stereoscopic image display device, if the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the display images match, it becomes a particularly serious problem. This is because when the vertical and horizontal resolutions are different, the difference in vertical and horizontal resolution is superimposed on the horizontal stripe pattern and is visible to the observer, but the difference in vertical and horizontal resolution is greater than the horizontal stripe pattern. This is because it is a big problem, and the striped pattern is not a problem. Furthermore, it has been found that the use of a lenticular lens is a greater problem than the use of a parallax barrier as the image distribution unit. This is because, in the case of a parallax barrier, a slit and other regions form a striped pattern extending in a direction perpendicular to the image distribution direction, and this striped pattern becomes a relatively large problem. Conceivable. In general, when a lenticular lens is used, a pattern that occurs in the case of a parallax barrier does not occur, so a stripe pattern extending in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction becomes a problem.

  The seventh embodiment of the present invention can also solve the above-described problems. FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment, and FIG. 29 is a top view showing pixels of the display panel shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 28, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device 16 of the seventh embodiment, the lenticular lens 3, the anisotropic scattering sheet 66, and the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 23 are provided in this order from the user side. Yes. The transmissive liquid crystal display panel 23 is the same as the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 123 described above with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26. That is, the display pixel of the display panel is configured by the left-eye pixel 42L and the right-eye pixel 42R that are adjacent to each other. The lenticular lens 3 is arranged so that one cylindrical lens 3a corresponds to a column of display pixels, as in the fifth embodiment described above. As in the first embodiment of the present invention, the anisotropic scattering sheet 66 in the present embodiment is arranged such that the direction in which the scattering is maximum is perpendicular to the image distribution direction of the lenticular lens 3, and the scattering is minimum. Are arranged in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction. The anisotropic scattering structure 661 of the anisotropic scattering sheet 66 is formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet 66 on the + Z side, that is, the surface on the lenticular lens side.

  As shown in FIG. 29, in the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 23 of the seventh embodiment, the left-eye pixel 42L and the right-eye pixel 42R have a light shielding area around the area where the light of each pixel is transmitted. 40. As in the first comparative example of the present invention described above, since the display pixels are arranged in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, the light shielding region 40 has a large number of line segments extending in the X-axis direction and a large number of lines extending in the Y-axis direction. The shape is a combination of line segments. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment described above.

  Next, the operation and effect of the transmissive liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described. In the transmissive liquid crystal display device provided with the lenticular lens described above, the light shielding region extending in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction of the lenticular lens is visually recognized as a striped pattern. In the present embodiment, the image of the lenticular lens is Since the anisotropic scattering sheet having large scattering in the direction perpendicular to the distribution direction is provided, the stripe pattern in the direction parallel to the image distribution direction is reduced by the anisotropic scattering sheet. In addition, since the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering sheet is minimized is arranged in parallel with the image distribution direction, adverse effects on the image distribution effect can be minimized.

  In the present embodiment, the effect can be further exerted on a display panel in which the width of the light shielding region extending in the image distribution direction of the image distribution unit is large with respect to the applied pixel pitch. As an example of such a display panel, there is a horizontal stripe type display panel in which red, green and blue color filters extend in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction in order to realize color display. In such a horizontal stripe type display panel in which the arrangement direction of the color stripes is a direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction, the boundary of different colors is arranged in the direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction. This is because the ratio of the light shielding region extending in the direction increases. Since the present invention can be preferably applied and the influence of the light shielding region extending in the image distribution direction can be reduced, high image quality can be achieved. Needless to say, a display panel having a larger pixel pitch can be applied more effectively. This is because a display panel having a large pixel pitch has a larger stripe pattern pitch and is easily recognized by the user.

  Further, in a display device having an image allocating unit such as a lenticular lens and a parallax barrier, it is particularly preferably applied to the case where the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the display images such as the left-eye image and the right-eye image match, A big effect can be demonstrated. This is because when the vertical and horizontal resolutions are different, the striped pattern becomes relatively unnoticeable because of the difference in resolution. That is, when the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the display images match, a striped pattern relatively parallel to the image distribution direction is conspicuous, and the striped pattern can be effectively reduced by the present invention. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve a greater effect with respect to the case where the lenticular lens is used than when the parallax barrier is used as the image distribution unit. This is because the lenticular lens is capable of high-quality display without a barrier pattern, so the stripe pattern in the direction parallel to the image distribution direction is conspicuous, and this stripe pattern can be effectively reduced. is there. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first or fifth embodiment described above.

  Here, the visibility of the light shielding region extending in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction of the stripe pattern, that is, the lenticular lens will be described in detail. Visibility also depends on human vision and observation distance. Regarding the observation distance, a stereoscopic display has a stereoscopic viewing area, and therefore it is assumed to be used in the viewing area. First, the stereoscopic viewing area will be described.

  FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical model for calculating the maximum observation distance in a lenticular lens type display device. Light emitted from any left-eye pixel of the display panel is deflected toward a predetermined region by a lenticular lens. This area is the left eye area 71L. Similarly, the light emitted from the right eye pixel is deflected toward the right eye region 71R. When the user positions the left eye 551 in the left eye region 71L and the right eye 552 in the right eye region 71R, different images can be incident on the left and right eyes. If these images are parallax images, the user visually recognizes a stereoscopic image.

However, each eye cannot be placed at any position in the left eye region 71L and the right eye region 71R. This is because there are restrictions due to the binocular spacing. According to the literature, the distance between the eyes of a human is generally constant. In one example, the average value of the distance between eyes of an adult male is 65 mm, the standard deviation is ± 3.7 mm, and the average value of the distance between eyes of an adult girl is 62 mm with a standard deviation of ± 3.6 mm (Neil A. Dodgson, “Variation and extrema of human interpupillary
distance ”, Proc. SPIE vol.5291) Therefore, when designing a 3D display device, it is appropriate to set the distance between the eyes to a range of 62 to 65 mm, and a value of about 63 mm is used. It is necessary to calculate the stereoscopic viewing area by adding this binocular spacing restriction to the size of the left eye area and the right eye area.

  Here, the widths of the left eye region and the right eye region will be described. As described above, the period of the enlarged projection image of each pixel at the optimum observation distance OD is e, but this value is preferably set equal to the binocular interval. If the period e is smaller than the binocular interval, the period e is limited to the period e and the stereoscopic viewing area width becomes small. Further, when the period e is larger than the binocular interval, the stereoscopic viewing area width is not limited by the period e, but is limited by the binocular interval. In addition, visual recognition using side lobes generated in an oblique direction becomes difficult. For this reason, even if the period e is increased, the stereoscopic viewing area width does not expand. For the above reason, the period e is set equal to the binocular interval.

  Then, the maximum observation distance in the stereoscopic viewing area is the intersection of the locus of light emitted from the display unit located at the end of the display panel in the X-axis direction and the center line in the X-axis direction of the left eye region or the right eye region. Become. Therefore, attention is paid to the light beam emitted from the center of the display unit in the display unit positioned at the end of the display panel in the X-axis direction. At this time, a similar relationship is established between a triangle with WL as the base and the optimum observation distance OD as height, and a triangle with e / 2 as the base and FD-OD as height. Therefore, when the following formula 39 is established and arranged, the maximum observation distance FD is obtained as shown in the following formula 40.

[Formula 39]
WL: OD = e / 2: FD-OD

[Formula 40]
FD = OD × (WL + e / 2) / WL

  Next, the minimum observation distance is calculated. FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical model for calculating a minimum observation distance in a lenticular lens type display device. The minimum observation distance in the stereoscopic viewing area is the intersection of the locus of the light beam emitted from the end of the display panel in the X-axis direction and the center line in the X-axis direction of the left eye region or the right eye region. Therefore, attention is paid to light rays emitted from the right end of the display unit in the display unit positioned at the end of the display panel in the X-axis direction. At this time, a similar relationship is established between a triangle with WL + e / 2 as the base and the minimum observation distance ND as the height, and a triangle with e / 2 as the base and OD-ND as the height. Therefore, when the following formula 41 is established and arranged, the minimum observation distance ND is obtained as shown in the following formula 42.

[Formula 41]
e / 2: OD-ND = WL + e / 2: ND

[Formula 42]
ND = OD × (WL + e / 2) / (WL + e)

  Thus, the stereoscopic viewing area 71 is calculated. This becomes a diamond-like square as shown in FIG. The width in the X-axis direction is half of the period e of the enlarged projection image of the pixel. The width in the Y-axis direction is the difference between the maximum observation distance FD and the minimum observation distance ND.

  About the visibility of a light-shielding area | region, when a user is located in this stereoscopic vision area, it is preferable that it cannot recognize. For example, it is essential that it is not visible from the maximum observation distance FD that is the farthest end from the display device in the stereoscopic viewing area, and it is preferable that it is not visible from the optimum observation distance OD. Furthermore, it is perfect if it cannot be visually recognized from the minimum observation distance ND.

  Therefore, the visibility of the light shielding area, that is, the relationship between the viewing distance and the width of the light shielding area will be described in detail. In order to prevent the user from seeing the light shielding area, it is necessary to set the width of the light shielding area to be equal to or less than the resolution based on the visual acuity of the observer. As shown in FIG. 32, the relationship between the visual acuity of the observer and the minimum recognizable viewing angle is given by the following Equation 43.

[Formula 43]
Visual acuity = 1 / visual angle

  In general, the visual acuity is 1.0, and the minimum visual angle of the observer who has the visual acuity of 1.0 is calculated as 1 minute, that is, 1/60 degrees from the above equation 43. At this time, the resolution of the observer's eye at the observation distance D (mm) is D × tan (1/60) (mm). The angle unit in tan is “degree”, and as a specific numerical value, tan (1/60) is 0.00029. Therefore, by reducing the width of the light shielding area, that is, the area that does not contribute to display, to be smaller than D × tan (1/60) (mm), the width of the light shielding area can be made smaller than the eye resolution. Visual recognition can be prevented.

  In summary, the width of the light shielding region needs to be smaller than FD × tan (1/60), and is preferably smaller than FD × tan (1/60). Furthermore, if it is smaller than ND × tan (1/60), it is possible to prevent the user from visually recognizing the light-shielding area at all locations in the stereoscopic viewing area.

  In particular, according to the present embodiment, the above-described restrictions can be relaxed, and even when the width of the light-shielding area is larger, the visibility of the light-shielding area by the user can be reduced and display quality can be improved. . That is, the present invention can be effectively applied when the width of the light-shielding region extending in the direction parallel to the image distribution direction of the image distribution unit is ND × tan (1/60) or more.

  The above description has been given for the case of a lens that maximizes the separation performance of the left and right images, but it can be similarly applied to the case of a pinhole-shaped barrier that maximizes the separation performance. In the case of a lens, when the defocus setting is performed, that is, when the focal plane of the lens is shifted from the pixel surface, the stereoscopic viewing area becomes narrower than the above. The same applies when the opening of the barrier is increased. However, when the stereoscopic viewing area is narrowed in this way, the optimum observation distance OD does not change, the maximum observation distance FD becomes smaller and approaches the optimum observation distance OD, and the minimum observation distance ND becomes larger and the optimum observation distance. It will approach OD. Therefore, the above condition calculated for the case where the separation performance is maximized can be similarly applied to the case where the separation performance is lowered.

  The configuration of the present embodiment can also reduce the influence of the light shielding region extending in the direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction of the image distribution unit. In the stereoscopic display device, the non-display area extending in the vertical direction, that is, the Y-axis direction is enlarged and projected on the observation surface by an image distribution unit such as a lens. In the present embodiment, this influence can be reduced by leaving the scattering in the X-axis direction, which is the image distribution direction, to the extent that the separation performance does not deteriorate significantly.

  Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment, and FIG. 34 is a top view showing pixels of the display panel shown in FIG. In the seventh embodiment described above, the light shielding region of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel has a shape in which a large number of line segments extending in the X-axis direction and a large number of line segments extending in the Y-axis direction are combined. On the other hand, in the eighth embodiment, the shape of the light shielding region of the transmissive liquid crystal display panel is different. That is, the line segment extending in the X-axis direction is linear, but the line segment extending in the Y-axis direction is inclined with respect to the Y-axis.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 33, the transmissive liquid crystal display device 17 in the present embodiment has a transmissive liquid crystal display panel 24 as compared with the transmissive liquid crystal display device 16 in the seventh embodiment of the present invention described above. It is used differently. The other components, the lenticular lens 3 and the anisotropic scattering sheet 66, are the same as in the seventh embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 34, in the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 24 of the eighth embodiment, the left-eye pixel 43L and the right-eye pixel 43R have a light shielding area 42 around the area where the light of each pixel is transmitted. have. The direction of the line segment in which the light shielding region 42 extends is parallel to the X-axis direction with respect to the X-axis direction, which is the direction in which the left-eye pixel 43L and the right-eye pixel 43L are adjacent. On the other hand, the line segment of the light shielding region 42 extending in the Y-axis direction is an aggregate of line segments inclined with respect to the Y-axis direction. As a result, the region that transmits the light of the pixel is formed in a substantially parallelogram shape. In addition, a region that transmits light from pixels adjacent to each other in the Y-axis direction is formed in a substantially parallelogram shape that is line-symmetric with respect to the X-axis. As a result, the line segment of the light-shielding region 42 extending in the Y-axis direction is one pixel in the Y-axis direction. It has a zigzag shape that is repeatedly arranged every time. The configuration other than the above in the present embodiment is the same as that of the above-described seventh embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, similar to the seventh embodiment described above, the anisotropic scattering effect of the anisotropic scattering sheet allows the lenticular lens of the lenticular lens, without damaging the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens that is the image distribution portion. Stripes in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction can be reduced, and image quality can be improved. Particularly in this embodiment, since the line segment of the light shielding area extending in the Y-axis direction has a zigzag shape, the light shielding area extending in the Y-axis direction is enlarged and displayed to the user by the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens, and the left eye A phenomenon in which a region with reduced brightness occurs at the boundary between the image for use and the image for the right eye can be suppressed. In this case, in the X-axis direction, which is the image distribution direction, the image can be visually recognized in a wider range compared to the above-described seventh embodiment, so that it is larger when the stripe pattern in the X-axis direction cannot be reduced. Although this is a problem, in the present embodiment, the stripe pattern can be reduced by using the anisotropic scattering portion, so that a greater effect than in the seventh embodiment can be exhibited.

  In the present embodiment, the line segment of the light shielding region extending in the Y-axis direction has been described as having a zigzag shape repeatedly arranged for each pixel in the Y-axis direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be arranged in a zigzag manner a plurality of times within one pixel, or a zigzag shape may be formed in a cycle of a plurality of pixels. In addition, the zigzag shape has been described as being configured from a line segment inclined in the + X direction or the −X direction from the Y-axis direction, but is not limited thereto, and may be configured by a curve. Furthermore, although it has been described that the light transmitting region of the pixel is formed in a substantially parallelogram shape, the present invention is not limited to this. In one example, each pixel is formed in a substantially trapezoidal shape, and adjacent pixels are formed. The substantially trapezoidal openings may be arranged rotationally symmetrically.

  FIG. 35 is a top view showing another example of the pixel of the display panel applicable to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 35, in the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 24a, the left-eye pixel 43La and the right-eye pixel 43Ra have a light-shielding region 42a around the region that transmits the light of each pixel. A region that transmits light surrounded by the light shielding region 42a is formed in a substantially trapezoidal shape. The left-eye pixel 43La and the right-eye pixel 43Ra are arranged in a rotationally symmetric relationship. Further, the pixels that are adjacent to each other in the Y-axis direction are arranged in a rotationally symmetric relationship with respect to the light transmitting region. As a result, paying attention to one line segment extending in the Y-axis direction, a line segment inclined in the + X direction from the Y-axis direction and a line segment inclined in the −X direction from the Y-axis direction are represented by Y The zigzag shape is repeatedly arranged for each pixel in the axial direction, and when attention is paid to another line segment of the light shielding region 42a adjacent to the X axis direction and extending in the Y axis direction, the zigzag shape becomes Y axis symmetrical. ing. In this embodiment, in addition to the above-described effects, it can be preferably applied to an active matrix display panel using a thin film transistor, and a high aperture ratio can be achieved. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first or fifth embodiment described above.

  Next, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described. 36 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment, and FIG. 37 is a top view showing pixels of the display panel shown in FIG. The eighth embodiment is different in that a transverse electric field type transmissive liquid crystal display panel is used.

  As shown in FIG. 36, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device 18 according to the present embodiment, the transmissive liquid crystal display panel of the horizontal electric field type is used as compared with the transmissive liquid crystal display device 17 according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. The difference is that 25 is used. The other components, the lenticular lens 3 and the anisotropic scattering sheet 66, are the same as those in the eighth embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 37, the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 25 of the ninth embodiment is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display panel, and the left eye pixel 44L and the right eye pixel 44R have a horizontal electric field in the XY plane. The comb-tooth electrode 48 for generating is formed. Further, the left-eye pixel 44L and the right-eye pixel 44R have a light-shielding region 43 around the region that transmits the light of each pixel. The basic shape of the light-shielding region 43 is the same as that of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 34 described above, but the display panel of this embodiment is of a horizontal electric field type, and reduces the influence of the horizontal electric field from adjacent pixels. Therefore, the difference is that the width of the light shielding region is larger due to the installation of the comb electrode 48. That is, the direction of the line segment in which the light shielding region 43 extends is parallel to the X-axis direction with respect to the X-axis direction that is the direction in which the left-eye pixel 44L and the right-eye pixel 44R are adjacent to each other. On the other hand, the line segment of the light shielding region 43 extending in the Y axis direction is an aggregate of line segments inclined with respect to the Y axis direction. As a result, the region that transmits the light of the pixel is formed in a substantially parallelogram shape. In addition, a region that transmits light from pixels adjacent to each other in the Y-axis direction is formed in a substantially parallelogram shape that is line-symmetric with respect to the X-axis. As a result, the line segment of the light shielding region 43 extending in the Y-axis direction is one pixel in the Y-axis direction, which is a line segment inclined in the + X direction from the Y-axis direction and a line segment inclined in the −X direction from the Y-axis direction. It has a zigzag shape that is repeatedly arranged every time. The comb electrode 48 is formed in parallel with the zigzag shape of the light shielding region 43 and has a predetermined angle in the Y-axis direction. Note that the width of the light shielding region 43 formed in a zigzag shape is wider than that in the above-described eighth embodiment in order to reduce the influence of the lateral electric field of adjacent pixels. Further, the width of the line segment of the light shielding region 43 extending in the X-axis direction is wider than that of the above-described eighth embodiment, but this is a comb-tooth portion of the comb-tooth electrode in the lateral electric field method. This is because a region where a lateral electric field cannot be generated is generated at the base portion of the comb-tooth electrode, and this region needs to be shielded from light. The configuration other than the above in the present embodiment is the same as that in the above-described eighth embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, similar to the above-described eighth embodiment, the anisotropic scattering effect of the anisotropic scattering sheet allows the lenticular lens of the lenticular lens, without damaging the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens that is the image distribution portion. Stripes in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction can be reduced, and image quality can be improved. Especially in this embodiment, it can be used suitably for the drive of the in-plane switching mode of a liquid crystal display panel, and the stripe pattern resulting from the light shielding area | region formed in the root part of a comb-tooth electrode can be reduced effectively. Furthermore, on the comb electrode, the lateral electric field is weak and the liquid crystal molecules are not driven sufficiently, resulting in a decrease in transmittance. This unevenness in transmittance reduces the display image quality. In this embodiment, anisotropic scattering is performed. Due to the anisotropic scattering effect of the sheet, this deterioration in display image quality can be suppressed without significantly impairing the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens.

  In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display panel can be suitably used for driving in an in-plane switching mode, and a wide viewing angle display in which gradation inversion does not occur over a wide angle range can be realized. Other examples of such a liquid crystal mode include a fringe field switching mode and an advanced fringe field switching mode, which are transverse electric field modes as in the in-plane switching mode. Can do. The comb electrode may be either an opaque electrode formed of a metal material such as aluminum or a transparent electrode formed of ITO (Indium tin oxide), etc. Is obtained.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display panel is not limited to the horizontal electric field mode, but is a liquid crystal mode that generates a transmittance distribution within one pixel due to the electrode structure or uneven structure of the display pixel. It can be suitably applied to. Examples of such liquid crystal modes include the multi-domain vertical alignment mode, the patterned vertical alignment mode, the advanced super-vi mode, which are multi-domain vertical alignment modes, in addition to the above-described modes. Etc. This is because in the case of this multi-domain vertical alignment mode, a region that does not transmit light is generated at the boundary between domains. The effects other than those described above in the present embodiment are the same as those in the eighth embodiment.

  The display unit of the display panel has a stripe-shaped color pixel arrangement for realizing color display. In the present invention, the arrangement direction of the color stripe can be the second direction. The display unit may be formed in a square.

  Next, a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment, and FIG. 39 is a top view showing pixels of the display panel shown in FIG. In the tenth embodiment, a transflective liquid crystal display panel having a transmissive display area and a reflective display area in the display area of each pixel is used as compared with the seventh embodiment. Is different.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 38, the transmissive liquid crystal display device 19 in the present embodiment has a transflective liquid crystal display panel 26 as compared with the transmissive liquid crystal display device 16 in the seventh embodiment of the present invention described above. The difference is that is used. The other components, the lenticular lens 3 and the anisotropic scattering sheet 66, are the same as in the seventh embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 39, in the transmissive liquid crystal display panel 26 of the tenth embodiment, the left-eye pixel 45L and the right-eye pixel 45R have a light-shielding region 44 around the display region of each pixel. is doing. The light shielding region 44 has a shape in which a number of line segments extending in the X-axis direction and a number of line segments extending in the Y-axis direction are combined. A display area for transmission and a display area for reflection are formed in the display area surrounded by the light shielding area 44 of each pixel. Specifically, a transmissive display region 45Lt and a reflective display region 45Lr are formed in the left-eye pixel 45L, and each display region is arranged so as to bisect the pixel in the Y-axis direction. Similarly, a transmissive display area 45Rt and a reflective display area 45Rr are formed in the right-eye pixel 45R. That is, when viewed over a plurality of pixels, the transmissive display area and the reflective display area each have a horizontal line shape extending in the X-axis direction. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the seventh embodiment described above.

  In the present embodiment, similar to the seventh embodiment described above, the anisotropic scattering effect of the anisotropic scattering sheet allows the lenticular lens of the lenticular lens, without damaging the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens that is the image distribution portion. Stripes in a direction parallel to the image distribution direction can be reduced, and image quality can be improved. In the present embodiment, in particular, it is possible to reduce the stripe pattern in the image distribution direction that occurs during transmissive display and reflective display. For example, in the case of transmissive display, particularly when the surroundings are dark and external light does not contribute to the display, the reflective display area is visually recognized in the same manner as the light shielding area. Therefore, when there is no anisotropic scattering portion, not only the stripe pattern caused by the light shielding area but also the reflective display area is visually recognized as a stripe pattern, and the display quality is greatly reduced. In the present embodiment, in the case of transmissive display, not only the striped pattern caused by the light shielding area but also the striped pattern caused by the reflective display area can be reduced by the anisotropic scattering portion, thereby improving the quality of the transmissive display. be able to. Similarly, in the case of reflective display, particularly when the surroundings are bright and reflective display is dominant and transmissive display is not visually recognized, the transmissive display area is visually recognized in the same manner as the light-shielded area. Therefore, when the anisotropic scattering portion is not present, not only the stripe pattern caused by the light shielding area but also the transmission display area is visually recognized as a stripe pattern, and the display quality is greatly deteriorated. In the present embodiment, in the reflective display, not only the striped pattern caused by the light shielding area but also the striped pattern caused by the transmissive display area can be reduced by the anisotropic scattering portion, thereby improving the quality of the reflective display. be able to. That is, in the present embodiment, the quality of transmissive display and reflective display in the transflective display device can be improved. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the seventh embodiment described above.

  Next, an eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 40 is a perspective view showing a terminal device according to this embodiment, and FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment.

  As shown in FIGS. 40 and 41, the reflective image display device 10 according to the present embodiment is incorporated in a mobile phone 91 as a terminal device. In this embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical lens 3a constituting the lenticular lens 3, that is, the Y-axis direction is the lateral direction of the image display device, that is, the horizontal direction of the image, as compared with the first embodiment. The difference is that the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses 3a, that is, the X-axis direction is the vertical direction, that is, the vertical direction of the image.

  As shown in FIG. 40, the reflective liquid crystal display panel 27 has a plurality of pixel pairs each including a first viewpoint pixel 4F and a second viewpoint pixel 4S arranged in a matrix. The arrangement direction of the first viewpoint pixel 4F and the second viewpoint pixel 4S in one pixel pair is the X-axis direction that is the arrangement direction of the cylindrical lenses 3a, and is the vertical direction (vertical direction) of the screen. The structure of each pixel 4F and 4S is the same as that in the first embodiment. Furthermore, the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering sheet 67 is maximized is arranged in the X-axis direction, and the direction in which the scattering is minimized is arranged in the Y-axis direction. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Next, the operation of the image display apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. The basic operation is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and the displayed image is different. The first viewpoint pixel 4F of the reflective liquid crystal display panel 27 displays an image for the first viewpoint, and the second viewpoint pixel 4S displays an image for the second viewpoint. The image for the first viewpoint and the image for the second viewpoint are not stereoscopic images with parallax but are planar images with different display contents. Moreover, although both images may be images independent from each other, they may be images indicating information related to each other.

  In the present embodiment, not only the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens is largely impaired, but also the display quality deterioration due to the concavo-convex structure of the lenticular lens and the reflector can be suppressed, and the observer can There is an advantage that the image for the first viewpoint or the image for the second viewpoint can be selected and observed only by changing the angle. In particular, when there is a relationship between the image for the first viewpoint and the image for the second viewpoint, each image can be switched and observed alternately by a simple method of changing the observation angle. Is greatly improved. In addition, when the image for the first viewpoint and the image for the second viewpoint are arranged in the horizontal direction, different images may be observed for the right eye and the left eye depending on the observation position. In this case, the observer is confused and cannot recognize the image of each viewpoint. On the other hand, as shown in this embodiment, when images for a plurality of viewpoints are arranged in the vertical direction, the observer can always observe the images for each viewpoint with both eyes, so that these images can be easily viewed. Can be recognized. The effects of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first embodiment described above. Note that this embodiment can be combined with any one of the above-described second to tenth embodiments.

  In the first to eleventh embodiments described above, a stereoscopic image is displayed by supplying an image that is mounted on a mobile phone or the like and that has a parallax between the left and right eyes of one observer. An example of an image display device that supplies a plurality of types of images to a human observer at the same time has been shown. A plurality of different images may be supplied. The same applies to the twelfth and subsequent embodiments described later.

  Next, a twelfth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to this embodiment. Compared to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, in the twelfth embodiment, an anisotropic scattering layer 681 is provided inside the substrate 2a instead of the anisotropic scattering sheet. to differ greatly. That is, it is an in-cell type display panel in which an anisotropic scattering layer is built in the panel.

  As shown in FIG. 42, a reflective liquid crystal display panel 28 is used in the reflective liquid crystal display device 111 according to this embodiment. In the substrate constituting the reflective liquid crystal display panel 28, the reflective plate 4 is not formed, and the anisotropic scattering layer 681 is provided on the liquid crystal layer 5 side of the substrate 2a disposed on the + Z direction side that is the viewer side. Is arranged. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment described above, by using the anisotropic scattering layer, the lenticular lens and the reflecting plate can be combined with the concavo-convex structure without significantly impairing the image distribution effect of the lenticular lens. The resulting display quality degradation can be suppressed. Moreover, the same lenticular lens and glass substrate as before can be used, and there is no need to use an anisotropic scattering sheet or an anisotropic scattering paste. For this reason, a member to be used can be reduced, and cost reduction and thickness reduction are possible. Furthermore, since the anisotropic scattering layer can be disposed close to the reflector, the positional accuracy in the display surface and in the thickness direction can be improved, errors can be reduced, and the image quality can be improved.

  The anisotropic scattering layer in the present embodiment can be formed using a photolithography technique in addition to the 2P method described above. Further, instead of the anisotropic scattering layer, an anisotropic scattering structure may be provided on the surface of the substrate 2a on the liquid crystal layer side. An overcoat layer may be provided on the liquid crystal side of the anisotropic scattering structure. Thereby, the unevenness | corrugation resulting from an anisotropic scattering structure is planarized, and the orientation of a liquid crystal molecule can be improved. Furthermore, the anisotropic scattering layer may be included in the color layer of the color filter for performing color display. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Next, a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is described. FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to this embodiment. Compared to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention described above, the thirteenth embodiment is different in that the anisotropic scattering layer 681 is patterned.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 43, the reflective liquid crystal display panel 29 is used in the reflective liquid crystal display device 112 according to this embodiment. The anisotropic scattering layer 681 is disposed on the liquid crystal layer 5 side of the substrate 2a. It is a so-called in-cell type. In addition, the anisotropic scattering layer 681 is partially arranged instead of the entire display surface. And the position of this anisotropic scattering layer 681 is arrange | positioned corresponding to the position of the uneven structure of a reflecting plate. In one example, the position of the concavo-convex structure of the reflecting plate in the display surface and the position of the anisotropic scattering layer 681 in the display surface are the same. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the twelfth embodiment described above.

  In the present embodiment, by disposing the anisotropic scattering layer in correspondence with the uneven structure of the reflecting plate, it is possible to suppress a deterioration in display quality due to the combination of the lenticular lens and the uneven structure of the reflecting plate. Since the anisotropic scattering layer can be disposed only in the part where the problem occurs, the influence on the other part can be reduced. For example, the present invention can be suitably applied to a transflective liquid crystal display panel, and an anisotropic scattering layer can be disposed only in the reflective display region so as not to affect the transmissive display region.

  In the present embodiment, it is important that the anisotropic scattering effect has a distribution in the display surface. For this reason, the anisotropic scattering layer is not patterned, and the scattering effect may have an in-plane distribution, and the scattering effect may exist only in a necessary portion. That is, it is also effective to give an in-plane distribution to the scattering effect of the scattering layer and enhance the anisotropic scattering effect only in the vicinity of the concavo-convex structure of the reflector. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the twelfth embodiment described above.

  Next, a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is described. FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to this embodiment. Compared to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, in the fourteenth embodiment, an anisotropic scattering structure is provided on the curved surface portion of the lens instead of the anisotropic scattering sheet. Different.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 44, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 113 according to the present embodiment, a lenticular lens 33 having a large number of cylindrical lenses 33a is used. In the lenticular lens 33, an anisotropic scattering structure 691 is provided in a valley portion of an adjacent cylindrical lens 33a. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, by providing an anisotropic scattering structure on the curved surface portion of the lens, it is possible to suppress a decrease in display quality due to the combination of the lenticular lens and the uneven structure of the reflector. Further, since the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure is formed can be arranged away from the focal point of the lenticular lens, high image quality can be achieved. Furthermore, since the anisotropic scattering structure is provided in the valley portion of the adjacent cylindrical lens, the image separation performance is not impaired in the vicinity of the optical axis with little aberration and excellent image separation performance. In other words, a portion with excellent image separation performance is used for image separation, and a portion with reduced image separation performance is used for anisotropic scattering, thereby making it possible to achieve both performances.

  In the present embodiment, although it is necessary to change the lenticular lens itself, this can be dealt with by performing additional processing on the existing mold. For this reason, it is not necessary to change the lens shape of the lenticular lens, that is, the shape of the portion acting as a lens. When the anisotropic scattering structure is added to the mold, the valley portion of the adjacent lens becomes a convex portion in the mold, so that the top portion may be processed. It is easier to process the top part than to process the valley part of the mold. Specifically, the mold may be polished only in the lens arrangement direction to intentionally provide a scratch. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Next, a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention is described. FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view showing the display device according to the present embodiment. Compared to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, in the fifteenth embodiment, an anisotropic scattering sheet is not used, and a protective plate is provided on the viewer side from the lenticular lens. Is different in that it has anisotropic scattering performance.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 45, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 114 according to the present embodiment, the protective plate 79 is disposed on the + Z direction side, which is the observer side, of the lenticular lens 3. The protection plate 79 is a plate for protecting the display panel 2 and the lenticular lens 3 from the outside. The protective plate 79 has anisotropic scattering performance. Basic anisotropic scattering performance, such as the direction of anisotropic scattering, is the same as in the first embodiment. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment described above.

  In the present embodiment, the present invention can be applied without changing the display panel and the lenticular lens, and the deterioration of the display quality due to the combination of the concavo-convex structure of the lenticular lens and the reflector can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, an anisotropic scattering structure may be formed on the surface on the −Z side that is the side surface of the protective plate on the lenticular lens side. A touch panel may be arranged instead of the protective plate. In addition, when the part which has an anisotropic scattering effect leaves | separates from a lenticular lens, since display itself will blur, it is preferable to arrange | position to the part near a lens as much as possible. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Next, a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described. 46 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device according to the present embodiment, FIG. 47 is a perspective view illustrating a fly-eye lens that is a component of the display device according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 48 illustrates the fly-eye lens. 49 is a top view, and FIG. 49 is a diagram showing the scattering characteristics of the first embodiment of the present invention in (a) and the scattering characteristics of the sixteenth embodiment in (b) regarding the anisotropic scattering sheet. Compared to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, the sixteenth embodiment is different in that a fly-eye lens is used instead of the lenticular lens. Furthermore, the anisotropic scattering sheet has a biaxial scattering characteristic having strong X-like scattering. That is, this embodiment realizes an image distribution effect with respect to a plurality of directions in the display surface. This makes it suitable for display devices that can be viewed stereoscopically even when the screen is rotated, and integral photography type display devices that can visually recognize different parallax images even when the viewpoint is moved not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction. Applicable to.

  As shown in FIG. 46, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 115 according to the present embodiment, although the constituent elements are different, the basic configuration in the Z-axis direction is the same as that in the first embodiment. That is, the fly-eye lens 34 is arranged on the display surface side of the reflective display panel 2. An anisotropic scattering sheet 601 is disposed between the reflective display panel 2 and the fly-eye lens 34.

  As shown in FIG. 47 or FIG. 48, the fly-eye lens 34 is an image separating optical member provided to separate light from the pixels of the reflective display panel 2 in different directions, and a large number of microlenses 34a. Is a two-dimensional array of lenses. In particular, in the present embodiment, the micro lens 34a has a two-dimensional spherical shape so that the fly-eye lens 34 has a separating action not only in the X-axis direction but also in the Y-axis direction. The arrangement direction of the micro lenses 34a is set in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. Accordingly, the fly-eye lens 34 is combined with a display panel in which display units each including at least the left-eye pixels 4L and the right-eye pixels 4R are arranged in a matrix, so that not only the X-axis direction but also the Y-axis Different images can also be displayed in the direction. At this time, the display units adjacent in the Y-axis direction are responsible for image display for the vertical viewpoint.

  In particular, in the present embodiment, a case is considered where the pitch of the microlenses 34a in the X-axis direction is the same as the pitch in the Y-axis direction. That is, when the pitch in the X-axis direction of the microlenses 34a is defined as a, the pitch in the Y-axis direction is also a. As described above, when microlenses having the same pitch in both directions are used, it is preferable to use pixels having the same pitch in both directions in the display panel.

  The graph shown in FIG. 49 expresses the intensity of scattering in the XY plane as a distance from the origin. With reference to this graph, the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 of the first embodiment described above are compared with the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering sheet 601 of the sixteenth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 49 (a), in the first embodiment described above, the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering sheet 6 have maximum scattering in the Y-axis direction and minimum scattering in the X-axis direction. It was. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 49B, in the sixteenth embodiment, the scattering characteristic of the anisotropic scattering sheet 601 has maximum scattering in the ± 45 ° direction, and the 0 ° direction and The scattering in the 90 ° direction, that is, the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is minimized. That is, the direction in which the scattering is maximum is in the middle of the distribution direction. In other words, the scattering in the direction that bisects the angle formed by the distribution direction is maximized. Such X-shaped biaxial scattering characteristics can be realized by a holographic diffuser in which a two-dimensional hologram pattern is recorded.

  The relationship between the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering sheet 601 and the distribution direction of the fly-eye lens 34 will be described. Since the fly-eye lens 34 has a sorting effect in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, the scattering is minimum and substantially the same in both the sorting direction and the orthogonal direction. The direction in which the scattering is maximum is different from the distribution direction. This means that the scattering characteristics in the distribution direction are different from the scattering characteristics in the other directions. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In this embodiment, the scattering performance of the anisotropic scattering sheet in the 0 ° direction and 90 ° direction, which are the image distribution directions of the fly-eye lens, is minimum. Thereby, the anisotropic scattering sheet does not impair the image distribution effect of the fly-eye lens. The scattering performance is enhanced in an oblique direction where the image distribution effect is not important, that is, in a ± 45 ° direction. Thereby, without impairing the image distribution effect, it is possible to suppress display quality deterioration due to the combination of the concavo-convex structure of the lenticular lens and the reflecting plate, and to improve the display quality. Furthermore, the present invention can be effectively applied to a display device having an image distribution effect in a plurality of directions within the display surface.

  In the present embodiment, it has been described that the scattering in the direction that divides the angle formed by the distribution direction into two is maximized, but the angular direction in which the scattering is maximized may be a direction that roughly bisects. The direction does not necessarily have to be strictly divided into two.

  In the present embodiment, the case where a fly-eye lens is used as the optical means for image distribution has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. Two lenticular lenses may be arranged orthogonally, or a larger number of lenticular lenses may be arranged at an angle other than orthogonal. Furthermore, a parallax barrier in which pinholes are two-dimensionally arranged can be used.

  In addition, the anisotropic scattering sheet has been described as having maximum scattering in two directions of ± 45 ° within the display surface, but the multiaxial anisotropic scattering performance has strong scattering in more directions. You may have. Further, the scattering intensity in two directions having strong scattering may have different values. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Next, a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention will be described. 50 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the display device according to the present embodiment, FIG. 51 is a top view illustrating a fly-eye lens that is a component of the display device according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 52 is related to the present embodiment. FIG. 53 is a diagram showing the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering sheet. FIG. 53 shows the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering sheet according to this embodiment with the horizontal axis representing the angle in the display surface and the vertical axis representing the scattering performance. FIG. In the seventeenth embodiment, the arrangement pitch of the microlenses constituting the fly-eye lens is different from that in the sixteenth embodiment. In this embodiment, the anisotropic scattering characteristics are optimized in accordance with the change in pitch.

  As shown in FIG. 50, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 117 according to this embodiment, a reflective liquid crystal display panel 29, an anisotropic scattering sheet 602, and a fly-eye lens 35 are used.

  As shown in FIG. 51, the micro lenses 35a constituting the fly-eye lens 35 have a pitch in the X-axis direction and b in the Y-axis direction. That is, the pitches in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction have different values. Further, the pitches of the reflective liquid crystal display panel 29 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are different values in accordance with the fly-eye lens 35. As described above, as a specific example in which the pixel pitch in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are different, the case where the pitch in the X-axis direction of the unit pixels constituting the display unit is 1/3 of the Y-axis direction is given. It is done. Since a normal color display panel has pixels of three primary colors of red, blue and green, the pixel pitch in a certain direction is 1/3 of the pixel pitch in the orthogonal direction. When such a display panel is used, the pitch of the microlenses in the X-axis direction is different from the pitch in the Y-axis direction. Another example in which the pitches are different is a case in which the pitches of the pixels in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are the same, but the number of viewpoints in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are different. For example, when the number of viewpoints in the X-axis direction is 2 and the number of viewpoints in the Y-axis direction is 4, the pitch of the microlenses in the Y-axis direction is about four times the pitch in the X-axis direction. Thus, depending on the configuration of the display panel used and the display characteristics to be realized, the pitch of the microlens takes different values.

  As shown in FIG. 52, the anisotropic scattering sheet 602 has an X-shaped biaxial scattering characteristic as in the sixteenth embodiment described above, but the direction in which scattering is maximized is different. That is, the direction in which scattering is maximized is a direction rotated by + θ / 2 from the X-axis direction and a direction rotated by −θ / 2. Here, the angle θ is a cross angle in two directions in which scattering is maximized. There are two types of cross angles, θ and 180 ° −θ. In this embodiment, 0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 ° is defined, and the smaller angle is defined as the cross angle. If the cross angle θ is used, it can be expressed that the arrangement angle in the direction in which the scattering is maximum is two directions where ± θ / 2.

  And as shown in FIG. 53, the direction from which the scattering performance of an anisotropic scattering characteristic becomes the minimum value is a 0 degree direction and a 90 degree direction.

  Next, the relationship between the lens pitch a in the X-axis direction and the lens pitch b in the Y-axis direction, the cross angle θ in the direction that maximizes scattering, and the arrangement angle ± θ / 2 in the fly-eye lens of this embodiment will be described in detail. . In the present embodiment, the relationship of the following formula 44 is established for these three types of parameters a, b, and θ.

[Formula 44]
tan (θ / 2) = b / a

  In other words, this is nothing but the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering means is maximized in the diagonal direction of the microlens constituting the fly-eye lens. Thereby, the scattering performance of the fly-eye lens in the image distribution direction can be reduced. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the sixteenth embodiment described above.

  In this embodiment, the scattering performance of the anisotropic scattering sheet in the 0 ° direction and 90 ° direction, which are the image distribution directions of the fly-eye lens, is minimum. Thereby, the anisotropic scattering sheet does not impair the image distribution effect of the fly-eye lens. The scattering performance is enhanced in an oblique direction where the image distribution effect is not important. Thereby, without impairing the image distribution effect, it is possible to suppress display quality deterioration due to the combination of the concavo-convex structure of the lenticular lens and the reflecting plate, and to improve the display quality. In particular, the present invention can be suitably applied to display devices in which the pixel pitch and the number of viewpoints are different between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

  In the case where the array direction of the fly-eye lenses is an angle different from the X-axis direction, this embodiment can be applied by adding this angle as an offset.

  Furthermore, the mathematical formula 44 defines the conditions under which the maximum effect of the present invention can be exhibited, and the present invention is not limited to the numerical value calculated by this mathematical formula. In one example, in the sixteenth embodiment described above, it is possible to change only the lens pitch in the fly-eye lens without changing the direction of anisotropic scattering. It is also possible to change the cross angle.

  In the seventeenth embodiment, the lens pitch b in the Y-axis direction of the fly-eye lens is the lens pitch a in the X-axis direction in the sixteenth embodiment described above. At this time, according to Equation 44, tan (θ / 2) = a / a = 1, and θ / 2 = 45 ° is obtained. Other configurations in the present embodiment are the same as those in the sixteenth embodiment described above.

  In addition, although each above-mentioned embodiment may each be implemented independently, it is also possible to implement combining suitably.

  A part or all of the above embodiment can be described as in the following supplementary notes, but is not limited to the following.

(Appendix 1)
A display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel for displaying an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for a second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix; and for the first viewpoint in the display unit An image distribution unit that distributes light emitted from the pixels in different directions along a first direction in which pixels that display an image and pixels that display the image for the second viewpoint are arranged; An anisotropic scattering unit that scatters incident light or emitted light to the display panel so that scattering in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is different from scattering in the first direction. A display device.

(Appendix 2)
The display device according to appendix 1, wherein a direction in which scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is the second direction.

(Appendix 3)
The display device according to appendix 1, wherein a direction in which scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is a direction rotated from the second direction to the first direction.

(Appendix 4)
The display device according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 3, wherein the anisotropic scattering portion has a structure in which a convex portion or a concave portion extending in one direction is formed.

(Appendix 5)
The display device according to appendix 4, wherein the anisotropic scattering unit has a one-dimensionally arranged prism structure in which a plurality of prisms extending in one direction are arranged in parallel to each other.

(Appendix 6)
The anisotropic scattering unit has a lenticular lens structure in which a plurality of cylindrical lenses extending in one direction are arranged in parallel to each other, and the pitch of the lenticular lenses is smaller than the arrangement pitch of the pixels. 4. The display device according to 4.

(Appendix 7)
The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 6, wherein the anisotropic scattering unit is disposed between the image distribution unit and the display panel.

(Appendix 8)
The display device according to appendix 7, wherein the anisotropic scattering unit includes a transparent substrate and an anisotropic scattering structure formed on a surface of the transparent substrate.

(Appendix 9)
The display device according to appendix 8, wherein the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering portion is formed is disposed on the image distribution portion side of the display device.

(Appendix 10)
The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 6, wherein the anisotropic scattering unit is integrated with the image distribution unit.

(Appendix 11)
The display device according to appendix 10, wherein the anisotropic scattering unit is formed on a display panel side surface of the image distribution unit.

(Appendix 12)
The display device according to appendix 11, wherein the anisotropic scattering portion is formed on an adhesive layer for fixing the image sorting portion.

(Appendix 13)
The display device according to appendix 11, wherein the anisotropic scattering unit is formed in an internal structure of the image distribution unit.

(Appendix 14)
The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 6, wherein the anisotropic scattering portion is formed on the display panel.

(Appendix 15)
The display device according to appendix 14, wherein the display panel includes an optical film, and the anisotropic scattering portion is an anisotropic scattering adhesive layer that fixes the optical film to a substrate of the display panel.

(Appendix 16)
The display device according to appendix 1, wherein the anisotropic scattering portion is disposed on a back side of the display panel.

(Appendix 17)
The display device according to appendix 16, wherein the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is the first direction.

(Appendix 18)
The anisotropic scattering part has a transparent substrate and an anisotropic scattering structure formed on the surface of the transparent substrate, and the surface on which the anisotropic scattering structure of the anisotropic scattering part is formed is The display device according to appendix 17, wherein the display device is disposed on a back side of the display device.

(Appendix 19)
The display device has a planar light source that emits light in a planar shape on the back surface of the display panel, and the planar light source emits light in a planar shape by a concavo-convex structure formed on the surface or inside thereof. The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 18, which is characterized.

(Appendix 20)
The display device according to appendix 19, wherein the planar light source includes a light guide plate, and an uneven structure is formed on the light guide plate.

(Appendix 21)
The display device according to appendix 19, wherein the planar light source includes optical means for improving brightness, and the optical means for improving brightness has an uneven structure.

(Appendix 22)
The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 21, wherein the display panel is a transmissive type.

(Appendix 23)
The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 21, wherein the display panel is a display panel having a reflective plate in a pixel, and the reflective plate has a concavo-convex structure.

(Appendix 24)
The display device according to appendix 23, wherein the reflection plate is a transflective display panel formed in a partial region of the pixel.

(Appendix 25)
25. The display device according to appendix 24, wherein a reflective display region in which the reflective plate is formed and a transmissive display region that transmits light from the pixel are repeatedly arranged in the second direction. .

(Appendix 26)
The display device according to any one of appendices 22 to 25, wherein the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel.

(Appendix 27)
27. The display device according to appendix 26, wherein the liquid crystal display panel is a horizontal electric field mode or multi-domain vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display panel.

(Appendix 28)
Any one of appendices 22 to 27, wherein the display unit of the display panel has a stripe-shaped color pixel arrangement for realizing color display, and the arrangement direction of the color stripe is the second direction. A display device according to one.

(Appendix 29)
29. A display device according to any one of appendices 22 to 28, wherein the display unit is formed in a square.

(Appendix 30)
Each pixel in the display unit has a light shielding region around the display region, and the light shielding region extending along the second direction is inclined with respect to the second direction. 29. The display device according to any one of 29.

(Appendix 31)
31. The display device according to any one of appendices 22 to 30, wherein each pixel in the display unit has a trapezoidal display area and is arranged point-symmetrically with respect to an adjacent pixel.

(Appendix 32)
32. The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 31, wherein the image distribution unit is a lens array formed such that lenses are arranged in the first direction.

(Appendix 33)
32. The display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 31, wherein the image distribution unit is a parallax barrier formed so that openings of a finite width are arranged in the first direction.

(Appendix 34)
A terminal device comprising the display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 33.

(Appendix 35)
35. The terminal device according to appendix 34, which is a mobile phone, a personal information terminal, a personal television, a game machine, a digital camera, a video camera, a video player, a notebook personal computer, a cash dispenser, or a vending machine.

(Appendix 36)
In a display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel for displaying an image for the first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for the second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix, the display panel has different scattering characteristics. Emitted from each pixel along a first direction in which pixels for displaying the first viewpoint image and pixels for displaying the second viewpoint image are arranged in the display unit. A display panel that distributes the emitted light in different directions.

(Appendix 37)
In an optical member used in a display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel for displaying an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for a second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix, incident light is mutually exchanged. An optical member comprising: a planar image distribution unit that distributes the images in different directions; and an anisotropic scattering unit that imparts anisotropy to scattering within the plane of the image distribution unit.

(Appendix 38)
37. The optical member according to appendix 37, wherein the direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is a direction orthogonal to the image distribution direction of the image distribution unit.

(Appendix 39)
39. The optical member according to appendix 37 or 38, wherein the optical member has a substrate, and the image distribution portion and the anisotropic scattering portion are formed on opposite surfaces of the substrate, respectively.

(Appendix 40)
39. The optical member according to appendix 37 or 38, wherein the optical member has a substrate, and an anisotropic scattering portion is formed in the substrate.

(Appendix 41)
39. The optical member according to appendix 37 or 38, wherein the optical member has an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer is an anisotropic scattering portion.

(Appendix 42)
A display panel in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel for displaying an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel for displaying an image for a second viewpoint are arranged in a matrix; and for the first viewpoint in the display unit An image distribution unit that distributes light emitted from the pixels in different directions along a first direction in which pixels that display an image and pixels that display the image for the second viewpoint are arranged; A display device comprising: an anisotropic scattering portion having a direction in which the degree of scattering is different from the first direction with respect to incident light or outgoing light with respect to the display panel.

(Appendix 43)
44. The display device according to appendix 42, wherein scattering in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is equivalent to scattering in the first direction.

(Appendix 44)
44. The display device according to appendix 43, wherein a direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is different from the first direction.

(Appendix 45)
45. The display device according to appendix 44, wherein there are a plurality of directions in which scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum.

(Appendix 46)
44. The display device according to appendix 43, wherein a direction in which the scattering of the anisotropic scattering portion is minimized is the first direction or a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.

(Appendix 47)
The display device according to appendix 42, wherein the display panel has a non-display area extending in the first direction.

(Appendix 48)
48. The display device according to any one of appendices 42 to 47, wherein the image distribution unit is a lens array formed such that lenses are arranged in the first direction.

(Appendix 49)
When the pitch of the lens in the first direction is L, the number of viewpoints in the first direction is N, and the distance between the lens and the pixel is H, the lens and the anisotropic scattering unit 49. The display device according to appendix 48, wherein the distance H1 is equal to or less than L × H / (L + 3 × N × P).

(Appendix 50)
48. The display device according to any one of appendices 42 to 47, wherein the image distribution unit is a parallax barrier formed so that openings of a finite width are arranged in the first direction.

(Appendix 51)
A terminal device comprising the display device according to any one of appendices 42 to 50.

(Appendix 52)
52. The terminal device according to appendix 51, which is a mobile phone, a personal information terminal, a personal television, a game machine, a digital camera, a video camera, a video player, a notebook personal computer, a cash dispenser, or a vending machine.

1, 11, 12, 13, 10, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117; reflective liquid crystal display devices 14, 16, 17, 18; transmissive liquid crystal display devices 15, 19; transflective liquid crystal display devices 2, 27, 28, 29; reflective liquid crystal display panels 2a, 2b; substrates 21, 23, 24, 24a, 25; transmissive liquid crystal display panels 22, 26; transflective liquid crystal display panels 3, 31, 32, 33 Lenticular lenses 3a, 31a, 32a, 33a; cylindrical lenses 34, 35; fly-eye lenses 34a, 35a; microlens 37; parallax barrier 37a; slits 4L, 41L, 42L, 43L, 43La, 44L, 45L, 46L; Left-eye pixels 4R, 41R, 42R, 43R, 43Ra, 44R, 45R, 46R; right-eye pixels 45Lt, 45Rt Transmissive display areas 45Lr, 45Rr; reflective display area 4F; first viewpoint pixel 4S; second viewpoint pixel 4; reflectors 40, 42, 42a, 43, 44; light shielding area 41; Electrode 5; Liquid crystal layer 51, 52; Adhesive 6, 64, 65, 66, 67, 601, 602; Anisotropic scattering sheet 61, 62, 641, 651, 661, 671, 691; Anisotropic scattering structure 63 Anisotropic scattering paste 681; anisotropic scattering layer 71; stereoscopic viewing area 71L; left eye area 71R; right eye area 79; protective plate 8; backlight unit 81;
82; light guide plate 83; dot 89; light 9, 91; mobile phone 116; transmissive liquid crystal display device 103; lenticular lens 103a; cylindrical lens 123; transmissive liquid crystal display panel 142L; 140; light-shielding region 551; left eye 552; right eye

Claims (18)

  A pixel that includes at least a pixel that displays an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel that displays an image for a second viewpoint, each having a color filter, and that displays the image for each viewpoint including a color filter of the same color. A display unit in which pixels that display an image for the same viewpoint having color filters of different colors arranged in a predetermined first direction are arranged in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is a matrix. A display panel arranged in a shape, an image distribution unit that distributes light emitted from each pixel in different directions along the first direction, and scattering in the first direction and the second direction A display device comprising: an anisotropic scattering portion having different light intensities.   Each pixel of the display panel includes a first side extending in the first direction, a quadrangular display region surrounded by a side inclined with respect to the first side, and a light-shielding region surrounding the display region. The display device according to claim 1.   Each pixel of the display panel includes a first side extending in the first direction, a trapezoidal display region surrounded by a side inclined with respect to the first side, and a light-shielding region surrounding the display region. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is arranged point-symmetrically with respect to adjacent pixels.   The display device according to claim 1, wherein a direction in which scattering at the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is the second direction.   The said anisotropic scattering part is arrange | positioned at the back surface of the said display panel, The direction in which the scattering in the said anisotropic scattering part becomes the maximum is a said 1st direction. Display device.   The display device according to claim 1, wherein each pixel of the display panel includes a reflective plate having irregularities.   A terminal device comprising the display device according to claim 1.   A display unit including at least a pixel that displays an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel that displays an image for a second viewpoint, and the pixels that display the image for each viewpoint are arranged in a predetermined first direction, A display panel arranged in a matrix, an image distribution unit that distributes light emitted from the pixels in different directions along the first direction, and the first direction and the first direction. An anisotropic scattering portion having different scattered light intensities in a second direction perpendicular to each other, and each pixel of the display panel has a first side extending in the first direction and the first side A display device comprising: a quadrangular display area surrounded by inclined sides; and a light shielding area surrounding the display area.   The display device according to claim 8, wherein a display area of each pixel of the display panel is a trapezoid, and each pixel is arranged point-symmetrically with respect to an adjacent pixel.   The display device according to claim 8, wherein a direction in which scattering at the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is the second direction.   The said anisotropic scattering part is arrange | positioned at the back surface of the said display panel, The direction in which the scattering in the said anisotropic scattering part becomes the maximum is a said 1st direction. Display device.   The display device according to claim 8, wherein each pixel of the display panel includes a reflective plate having irregularities.   A terminal device comprising the display device according to claim 8.   A display unit including at least a pixel that displays an image for a first viewpoint and a pixel that displays an image for a second viewpoint, and the pixels that display the image for each viewpoint are arranged in a predetermined first direction, A display panel arranged in a matrix, an image distribution unit that distributes light emitted from the pixels in different directions along the first direction, and the first direction and the first direction. An anisotropic scattering portion having different scattered light intensities in a second direction perpendicular to each other, and each pixel of the display panel has a first side extending in the first direction and the first side A display device comprising a trapezoidal display area surrounded by inclined sides and a light-shielding area surrounding the display area, and arranged in a point-symmetric manner with respect to adjacent pixels.   The display device according to claim 14, wherein a direction in which scattering at the anisotropic scattering portion is maximum is the second direction.   15. The anisotropic scattering unit is disposed on a back surface of the display panel, and a direction in which scattering at the anisotropic scattering unit is maximum is the first direction. Display device.   The display device according to claim 14, wherein each pixel of the display panel includes a reflective plate having irregularities.   A terminal device comprising the display device according to claim 14.

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