JP2012522933A - Energy release buoyancy actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

  A buoyancy actuator (10) used in a device (11) for capturing wave energy in a water area such as the ocean. The buoyancy actuator (10) is disposed in the water area (12) and is adapted to respond to wave motion in the water area. The buoyancy actuator (10) comprises a body (101) incorporating a flow path through which water can flow, and gate means (115) for controlling flow along the flow path. . The gate means (115) comprises a plurality of lid elements configured as flaps (221) that provide a barrier (222) across the flow path through the body (101). Each flap (221) is movable such that the flap (221) cooperates with the other flaps (221) to provide and release from the barrier (222). A latch mechanism (231) is provided to releasably hold each flap (221) in a state that provides a barrier (222). The latch mechanism (231) includes a magnetic coupler.

Description

  The present invention relates to an energy release buoyancy actuator that responds to wave motion and, more particularly, to such a buoyancy actuator for incorporating wave motion into a device operable in response to wave motion. The present invention also relates to a wave energy conversion system.

  The present invention is not necessarily limited to this, but in particular captures wave energy and converts the captured energy into a linear motion for driving an energy conversion device such as a fluid pump or linear generator. It has been devised as a buoyancy actuator. In such a configuration, the buoyancy actuator may be operably connected to the energy conversion device in a state where the buoyancy actuator is floated by buoyancy in the water area, typically below the water surface. The buoyancy actuator is substantially a submerged floating body that moves according to the wave motion in the water area.

  The following discussion of the background art is only intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. This review does not approve or acknowledge that any of the referenced materials were or were part of general knowledge on the priority date of this application.

  It is known to incorporate a wave motion into a device operable in response to the wave motion. As an example of this, a method of converting a wave motion into a reciprocating pump action using a floating body can be mentioned. Typically, such floats have a solid structure and include a buoyancy material such as foam.

  When exposed to severe sea conditions, typically bad weather conditions (such as in storm conditions), floating bodies can experience extreme forces. When exposed to such conditions, known floating bodies are prone to damage, collapse or detach. Further, in such a state, the tether to which the floating body is connected may be damaged or broken. It may also be desirable to control the movement of the buoyancy actuator to limit the pump stroke and load on the attached equipment.

  The present invention has been developed for this background and the problems and difficulties associated with it. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to address at least one of the problems and difficulties of the floating bodies known in the art or as an alternative to at least provide useful options.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion, comprising a body defining an internal space comprising gate means for changing the response of the buoyancy actuator to wave motion. Is provided.

  Preferably, the gate means is confined within the interior space.

  Preferably, the gate means is configured to allow water to flow through the body of the buoyancy actuator.

  Preferably, the gate means is adapted to a particular sea condition.

  In one configuration, the particular sea condition is a severe sea condition in bad weather conditions (such as in a storm condition). This is intended to maintain the integrity of the buoyancy actuator when exposed to such conditions and any mechanism to which the buoyancy actuator is coupled.

  Preferably, the gating means may comprise at least one lid element, the lid element being in a closed state where the lid element is normally closed, preventing the water flow through the body; The element may be movable between an open state that allows water flow through the body.

  Preferably, a detachable coupling is provided to releasably hold the lid element in the closed state.

  Preferably, the releasable coupling is adapted to operate to disengage the lid element, move the lid element from the closed state to the open state, resulting in an open state. The withdrawal may be performed by sea conditions or by remote control.

  Preferably, the detachable coupler includes a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler may be configured to hold the lid element in a closed state using a magnetic attractive force. The magnetic coupling may include a plurality of magnets provided at corresponding positions along a portion of the body that is disposed on each lid element and / or when the lid element is in a closed state. In this way, the lid element will remain closed until the force on the lid element sufficiently exceeds the magnetic attraction force, when this force is sufficiently exceeded, the force will cause the flap to disengage and close. It will be biased to swing away from the state and provide an opening.

  Preferably, the lid element comprises a flap.

  Preferably, the flap is closed when the flap is normally closed, preventing the flow of water through the body, and allowing the flap to swing outward to allow water flow through the body. It is possible to turn between the open state.

  The magnetic attraction force is set for a specific wave motion by changing one or more of the following: the number of magnets, the strength of the magnets, and the gap that the magnetic field traverses to provide the attraction force It is good that it is supposed to be done.

  The magnetic attractive force may be adjustable.

  The magnetic attachment means is adjusted from a remote location.

  Preferably, the magnetic attachment means is an electromagnet type.

  The magnetic coupling device may comprise magnet means located at a location adjacent to its inner end on the lid element, and a mating part adapted to magnetically attract the magnet means. The mating part may have an impact plate. The magnetic coupler is operable to hold each lid element in a closed state until the force on the lid element sufficiently exceeds the magnetic attraction force, when the force is sufficiently exceeded, The connector will be biased to cause the lid element to disengage and swing away from the closed state, resulting in an opening that allows water flow through the body.

  The magnet means may comprise an array of permanent magnets housed in the housing. The housing is adapted to isolate the magnet from the water environment in which the buoyancy actuator will be operated.

  The housing may be made of a non-magnetic and porous material (for example, a plastic polymer), and a permanent magnet may be enclosed in the housing. Preferably, the plastic polymer has some elastic properties to provide some physical buffering. Typically, permanent magnets are cast in the housing. Such a configuration is advantageous because the housing can confine the permanent magnets and hold the permanent magnets at appropriate locations within the housing and relative to each other.

  The housing may have a contact surface that faces a mating component of the magnetic coupler. The permanent magnet may be located at a location recessed with respect to the contact surface to provide the housing with a cushion portion between the contact surface and the permanent magnet. The contact surface may function as a wear surface that protects the recessed permanent magnet from the influence of wear when the magnet means and the counterpart component come into contact with each other.

  Typically, the housing is removable and replaceable as required.

  The cushion portion is preferably integral with the housing. In other configurations, the cushioning material may be provided by a layer of cushioning material attached to the housing for contacting the mating component of the magnetic coupler.

  Preferably, at least one lid element is closed by its own weight. However, in other configurations, the at least one lid element may be biased to the closed state. This may be achieved by using a biasing mechanism, for example by incorporating a spring in the hinge for each lid element.

  In yet another configuration, the hinged lid element may be biased closed via a rubber spring mechanism attached to the free end of at least one flap.

  Typically, the gate means comprises a plurality of lid elements. This is advantageous because it provides the buoyancy actuator with fault tolerant properties against lid element failure. If one lid element is accidentally opened during normal operation, there will still be a sufficiently large flow path to allow water to enter the hollow interior of the buoyancy actuator to the extent that it will adversely affect the operation of the buoyancy actuator. Will not be. This is because at least two lid elements must be open for a flow to adversely affect the operation of the buoyancy actuator, but the probability that two lid elements will accidentally open is that only one lid element This is because it is significantly smaller than the probability of not functioning.

  Preferably, the lid elements are configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier across the flow path through the body, each lid element cooperating with other lid elements to provide a barrier. It is movable so that it enters a state and leaves the state. The barrier does not necessarily need to completely block the flow through the body, but rather simply simply block the flow by the required amount.

  In one configuration, the barrier provided by the lid element extends across the flow path so as to be substantially orthogonal to the direction of water flow through the body.

  In another configuration, the barrier has an inclined structure in which each closed lid element is inclined with respect to the direction of water flow through the body. Specifically, each lid element may be inclined in a direction toward the open upper end of the main body. That is, when in the closed state, the inner end of each lid element is located closer to the open upper end of the main body than the outer end within the boundary of the main body. In this way, the range of movement of the lid element between the fully closed state and the fully open state is narrowed. According to this configuration, the lid element in the closed state will result in an inclined, somewhat conical shaped barrier.

  Preferably, the detachable coupling of each lid element is adapted to be operated by the same sea conditions.

  In one configuration, the body has a longitudinal extension and is a flow path along which water can flow through the body parallel to the major axis of the body. It may be configured to provide

  In other configurations, the body may be frustoconical with an upper end, a lower end, and a side surface extending between the two ends. In this configuration, the side surface has a convex shape, and preferably the center is swollen.

  Preferably, the body has a modular structure.

  Preferably, the body includes an internal structure that supports a shell defining an upper end, a lower end, and side surfaces.

  The shell may comprise a plurality of sections configured as panels adapted to be connected together. The panels may be arranged in at least two rows with an upper row and a lower row. The upper row defines an upper edge at the upper end of the body and the lower row defines a lower edge at the lower end. The upper edge defines the upper portal boundary and the lower edge defines the lower portal boundary.

  Preferably, two rows are provided, namely an upper row and a lower row, and the panels each have the same shape. Therefore, any panel may be arranged at any position in any row. This is advantageous because it facilitates cost-effective manufacturing of the panel and rapid assembly of the panel to obtain a shell.

  Preferably, each panel has a substantially rectangular structure.

  Preferably, the connection between adjacent panels includes a half lap joint.

  The body may include one or more mooring points that facilitate movement of the buoyancy actuator when deployed in seawater.

  Depending on the combination of the hydrodynamic conditions and the movement of the buoyant actuator in the moving water body, the flap may close due to excessive force, i.e., close rather than gently closing. In order to alleviate this problem, some kind of physical cushioning material may be provided between the contact surfaces. The cushioning material may be in the form of a molded piece of elastic material having suitable energy cushioning properties attached to either one or both of the contact surfaces. For example, the elastic material can be attached to each flap or mating part of the body.

  Of course, other buffer structures are possible. For example, flap swing may be buffered hydrodynamically or via electrical (eddy current) buffer control. Furthermore, both the buffering of the rocking by hydrodynamic or electrical (eddy current) means may be performed together with the elastic buffering of the contact surface.

  An example of a suitable fluid pressure shock absorber is a dashpot in which the viscous fluid consists of water that is drawn into and discharged from the water environment where the buoyancy actuator is deployed. The piston of the dashpot may include an elastic bumper that contacts each flap. In this configuration, the elastic properties of the bumper provide some initial damping for the flap closing movement.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator that responds to wave motion, a body incorporating a flow path through which water can flow, and gate means for controlling the flow along the flow path. And the gate means includes a plurality of lid elements configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier across the flow path through the body, each lid element including a lid element A buoyancy actuator is provided that is movable to cooperate with the lid element to provide and leave the barrier. The barrier does not necessarily need to completely block the flow through the body, but rather simply simply block the flow by the required amount.

  When one or more lid elements move away from the state in which the element cooperates with other lid elements to provide a barrier, the barrier opens and allows fluid flow through the barrier. Yes. In essence, the lid element is configured as an openable and closable hatch that provides a barrier when in the closed state. When in the open state, the hatches each provide an opening in the barrier, allowing water to flow through the opening.

  Preferably, the barrier is configured and positioned to be within the boundaries of the body. Furthermore, the lid element that provides the barrier is adapted to remain within the boundaries of the body even when in the fully open state.

  In one configuration, the barrier provided by the lid element extends across the flow path so as to be substantially orthogonal to the direction of water flow through the body.

  In another configuration, the barrier has an inclined structure in which each closed lid element is inclined with respect to the direction of water flow through the body. Specifically, each lid element may be inclined in a direction toward the open upper end of the main body. That is, when in the closed state, the inner end of each lid element is located closer to the open upper end of the main body than the outer end. In this way, the range of movement of the lid element between the fully closed state and the fully open state is narrowed. According to this configuration, the lid element in the closed state will result in an inclined, somewhat conical shaped barrier.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion has a support structure adapted to receive a plurality of sections defining a chamber for impeding water flow through the body. A buoyancy actuator is provided, wherein the support structure and the plurality of sections are adapted to be transported and assembled on site.

  The body may have any suitable shape, for example, the shape of a cylinder, a sphere, a truncated sphere, or a truncated cone. The shape of the body may be obtained by providing contoured elements on the body. The contoured element may typically be a buoyancy structure formed from a buoyancy material having a low specific gravity, such as a foam material.

  Preferably, each section comprises a frame having two ends, one end adapted to receive a wall portion and the other end configured to be connected to a support structure.

  Preferably, the plurality of sections are configured to be coupled together to define a chamber that impedes water flow through the body.

  In one configuration, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the buoyancy actuator may be selectively changed. This allows the performance characteristics of the buoyancy actuator to be calibrated depending on the environment in which the buoyancy actuator is operating at any particular time (eg, possible sea conditions).

  Examples of changes in hydrodynamic properties include changes in buoyancy (either addition or removal) or changes in the response area of the body (eg, volume or shape), and combinations thereof.

  If the hydrodynamic property that is changed is the buoyancy of the buoyancy actuator, this change may be achieved by the addition or removal of buoyancy material from the buoyancy actuator. For example, changing the buoyancy material includes adding buoyancy material to the support structure or removing buoyancy material from the support structure. This may be accomplished automatically by the addition or removal of fluid (liquid or gas). An example of the response region is a change in the shape of the main body. The shape of the body may be changed by using a contouring element as described above. As an example, the outer shape of the buoyancy actuator may be changed, for example, by attaching a buoyancy material to the outer surface of the buoyancy actuator.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator adapted to be immersed in a body of water, a body defining a hollow interior adapted to receive a certain amount of water from a surrounding body of water. The body has flow control means for controlling flow through the hollow interior, the flow control means having a first condition that blocks or at least impedes flow of fluid through the body; A buoyancy actuator is provided having a second state that allows fluid flow through the interior.

  Preferably, the flow control means is confined within the interior space.

  Preferably, the flow control means is adjustable.

  In one configuration, the flow control means may be remotely adjustable.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a kit for assembling a buoyancy actuator comprises a support structure and a plurality of sections adapted to be connected to the support structure to assemble a buoyancy actuator. A kit is provided.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion comprising a body defining an interior space, the body comprises an internal structure that supports a shell defining the interior space. A buoyancy actuator is provided wherein the shell comprises a plurality of sections configured as panels adapted to be connected together.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion comprising a body defining an interior space, the body extends between an open upper end, an open lower end, and two ends. A buoyancy actuator is provided having a frustoconical shape with a side surface. In this configuration, the side surface has a convex shape, and preferably the center is swollen.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator that responds to wave motion, a body incorporating a flow path through which water can flow, and a gate means for controlling the flow along the flow path The gate means includes a plurality of lid elements that provide a barrier across the flow path through the body, the lid element being in a state in which the lid element cooperates with other lid elements to provide a barrier; A gate means which is movable so as to be disengaged from the state, and a latch means for releasably holding each lid element in the state, wherein the latch means comprises a magnetic coupling. A buoyancy actuator is provided.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wave energy conversion system comprising at least one buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding aspects of the present invention described above.

  Preferably, the buoyancy actuator is operably connected to an energy conversion device (such as a fluid pump or a linear generator) and is adapted to transmit wave motion to the energy conversion device.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, a method for capturing wave energy in a body of water comprising deploying a buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding aspects of the present invention in the body of water. Is provided.

  The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of some specific embodiments of the invention as shown in the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective view of a buoyancy actuator according to a first embodiment that forms part of a device for capturing ocean wave energy. FIG. It is a schematic perspective view of a buoyancy actuator. It is a top view of a buoyancy actuator. It is a schematic perspective view of a part of a buoyancy actuator. FIG. 5 is a side view of a portion of the buoyancy actuator shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4 specifically showing the gate means of the buoyancy actuator. It is a top view of this gate means which shows the open state of the gate means of a buoyancy actuator. It is a schematic perspective view of a part of the buoyancy actuator with the gate means in the open state. FIG. 9 is a side view of a portion of the buoyancy actuator shown in FIG. 8. It is a side view inside a support structure. It is a schematic perspective view of a support structure. It is a top view of a support structure. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the assembled device. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the buoyancy actuator shown in FIG. 2. It is a perspective view of the buoyancy actuator by 2nd Embodiment which makes a part of apparatus for taking in ocean wave energy. FIG. 16 is a schematic side view of the structure shown in FIG. 15. It is a bottom view of the buoyancy actuator by 2nd Embodiment. It is a side view of a buoyancy actuator. It is a figure similar to FIG. 18 which shows the internal structure of a buoyancy actuator in a cross section. It is the perspective view of a buoyancy actuator seen from the bottom side. FIG. 6 is a further side view of a buoyancy actuator. FIG. 6 is a further bottom view of a buoyancy actuator. FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of a buoyancy actuator showing an upper panel row forming a shell of the buoyancy actuator. FIG. 24 is a side view of the structure shown in FIG. It is an exploded view of the panel of an upper panel row. It is sectional drawing of the panel of an upper panel row | line | column. It is a fragmentary perspective view of a buoyancy actuator showing the lower panel row which forms a shell. FIG. 28 is a side view of the structure shown in FIG. 27. FIG. 6 is a side view of four interconnected panels in a shell. FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the interconnected panel shown in FIG. 29. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two panels, particularly showing a joint between the two panels. FIG. 5 is a further cross-sectional view of the two panels, particularly showing the joint between the two panels. It is the elevation which looked at one of the panels from the inside. It is the same figure of FIG. 33 seen from the outer side. It is the perspective view of a panel seen from the top. It is the perspective view which looked at the internal structure of the buoyancy actuator from the bottom side. It is a top view of an internal structure. It is a side view of an internal structure. It is a fragmentary perspective view of an internal structure. FIG. 40 is a plan view of the structure shown in FIG. 39. FIG. 40 is a side view of the structure shown in FIG. 39. It is a perspective view of the flap which makes a part of buoyancy actuator. It is a top view of a flap. It is a side view of a flap. It is a disassembled perspective view of the magnet means used as a part of magnet coupling tool for each flap of a buoyancy actuator. It is a schematic plan view of the deformation | transformation form of a magnetic means. FIG. 47 is a schematic side view of the structure shown in FIG. 46. It is a side view of the buoyancy actuator by 3rd Embodiment. FIG. 49 is a side view of a part of the internal structure of the buoyancy actuator of FIG. 48. FIG. 50 is a schematic side view of a head portion of the internal structure shown in FIG. 49. FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of a buoyancy actuator according to a fourth embodiment with the flap shown in an open state. FIG. 52 is a view similar to FIG. 51 except that the flap is shown in a closed state forming a barrier. FIG. 10 is a partial view of a buoyancy actuator according to a fifth embodiment, particularly showing a flap in a closed state and engaging a cushioning means to mitigate flap closing action. FIG. 54 is a view similar to FIG. 53 except that the flap is shown swinging away from the buffer means. FIG. 54 is a view similar to FIG. 53 except that the flap is shown in contact with the cushioning means in its return path. 1 is a schematic plan view of a wave energy conversion system incorporating a buoyancy actuator according to any of the previous embodiments. FIG.

  The embodiments shown in the drawings are each directed to an energy releasable buoyancy actuator 10 used in an apparatus 11 for capturing ocean wave energy.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus 11 is installed and operated in a seawater area 12 having a water surface 13 and a seabed 14. The device 11 includes a pump mechanism 15 moored to the seabed 14. The buoyancy actuator 10 is operably connected to the pump mechanism 15. In the seawater area 12, the water level above the pump mechanism 15 and below the water surface 13, typically the upper surface of the buoyancy actuator 10 is neutral. It floats by buoyancy at a depth of several meters below the line. Further, the combination of the buoyancy actuator 10 and the pump mechanism 15 to which the buoyancy actuator 10 is operably connected is preferably the following total length, that is, the minimum length (the buoyancy actuator is the lowest point of the movable range) In the above condition, it is preferable to define a total length suitable for deployment at a water depth of preferably 10 to 100 meters. The buoyancy actuator 10 is operably connected to the pump mechanism 15 via a connector 16 having a tether 17.

  Referring to FIGS. 2-6, the buoyancy actuator 10 according to the first embodiment includes a main body 21 having a support structure 23 and a plurality of sections 25. These sections 25 surround the support structure 23 and define a generally annular shaped chamber 24 having an outer chamber wall 26 and an inner chamber wall 28. Both ends of the buoyancy actuator 10 are open, allowing water to enter the chamber 24.

  As shown in FIG. 4, each section 25 includes a frame 27. The frame 27 has an outer end configured to support the wall portion 29 and an inner end adapted to be attached to the support structure 23. Both sides of each frame 27 are configured to be connected to each other as shown in FIG. These sections 25 define a chamber 24 that surrounds the structure 23. Each section 25 is traversed by gate means 31. The gate means 31 is configured to be confined in the buoyancy actuator in both the open state and the closed state. The purpose of this will become clear later.

  The frame 27 has a structure including steel struts. The wall portion 29 is a metal sheet. Alternatively, the frame 27 and wall portion 29 may be composed of other materials suitable to withstand the marine environment.

  The water flow through the chamber 24 between the open ends of the chamber 24 may be controlled via the gate means 31. The gate means 31 operates in accordance with a predetermined fluid differential pressure applied to the gate means, that is, a predetermined fluid differential pressure between the hollow interior and the surrounding water area in which the buoyancy actuator 10 is immersed. It has become. The predetermined fluid differential pressure is caused by the swell motion applied to the buoyancy actuator when the buoyancy actuator is exposed to severe sea conditions. In other configurations, the movement of the buoyancy actuator may be controlled by selectively operating the gate means 31 to remain within a certain range of movement.

  The gate means 31 comprises a lid element configured as a flap 33 pivotably connected to one side of the frame 27 via a hinge 35 (see FIG. 6). The hinge 35 is attached to one side of the flap 33. On the opposite side (free end) of the flap 33, a latch mechanism 37 holds the flap 33 in a closed state so as to be detachable. This will impede water flow through the chamber 24. In the illustrated configuration, the latch mechanism 37 includes a detachable coupler 39 including a magnetic coupler 41 and a plate 43. The plate 43 is disposed on the opposite side of the frame 27. The magnetic coupler 41 is attracted to the plate 43 so as to hold the flap 33 in the closed state (see FIGS. 4 and 5). The magnetic coupling device 41 may include a plurality of magnets provided at positions along the free ends of the respective flaps 33 and / or along corresponding edges of the frame 27 (FIGS. 8 and 9). reference). In this way, the flap 33 is held in a closed state until the force on the flap 33 is sufficiently large to exceed the magnetic attraction force, and when the force becomes sufficiently large, the flap 33 is caused by this force. And urged to sway away from the closed state, thereby forming an opening (see FIGS. 7 and 8) and allowing water to flow through the opening.

  In this embodiment, the detachable connector 39 is configured to operate according to bad weather conditions so as to release the flap and move it from the closed state to the open state to form an opening.

  The magnetic attraction force may be adjustable. The magnetic attraction force may be adjusted for a particular wave motion by changing either the number of magnets and the strength of the magnets and the spacing between the magnets and the support.

  In other configurations, the magnetic attractive force is adjusted from a remote location. In this case, the magnetic attachment means may be, for example, an electromagnet that provides a variable magnetic attractive force.

  Each of the flaps 33 may be configured to close under the influence of its own weight at a specific water flow level. Alternatively, each flap may be biased to its closed state. This may be achieved by using a spring mechanism, for example by incorporating a spring in the hinge for each flap.

  In yet another embodiment, the hinged flap is biased closed via a rubber spring mechanism attached to the free end of at least one flap.

  The spring force needs to be relatively weak in the sense that it should only facilitate closure after the sea conditions have subsided and the flap has just fluttered. However, it is not always necessary to apply a spring load to the flap. This is because the flap can be self-closed only by a gentle movement of the buoyancy actuator 10.

  As described above, opening the flap 33 allows water to flow through the chamber 24, thereby minimizing the resistance of the moving water to collide with the buoyancy actuator. This eliminates most of the potential energy. This is because the buoyancy actuator 10 is not so lifted by the waves and is lighter. At the same time, the kinetic energy is also reduced. This is because the mass is reduced (since the water is no longer trapped) and the velocity is reduced (since the buoyancy actuator no longer provides such a reaction force to the wave force accelerating the buoyancy actuator). . It is impossible to allow the water to pass completely through the buoyancy actuator 10. This is because there are always some couplings between the buoyancy actuator 10 and the water. However, the storm loads on the pump 15 and the coupling 21 are expected to be attenuated to an acceptable level by using the gate means 31, so they are extremely bulky (and expensive) to withstand these large forces. There is no need to design the structure.

  One characteristic of the buoyancy actuator 10 is that it has a fault-tolerant characteristic against a flap failure. If a single flap 33 is accidentally opened in normal operation (eg, due to a magnetic latch failure or hinge breakage), water will be introduced to the extent that the operation of the buoyancy actuator 10 will be adversely affected. There will not yet be a flow path large enough to enter the hollow interior. This is because at least two flaps need to be open in order for a flow that adversely affects the operation of the buoyancy actuator 10 to occur, but the probability that two flaps will accidentally open is that only one flap will function. This is because it is significantly smaller than the probability of disappearing.

  In this regard, it is particularly advantageous that the gate means 31 is confined within the buoyancy actuator. The gate means 31 is protected from the external marine environment and is not exposed enough to be damaged even when the buoyancy actuator 10 is involved in a collision. In this configuration, mesh material can be used to close the open end of the buoyancy actuator 10 and prevent marine material from entering the chamber 24. Moreover, the method of stopping the growth of marine organisms can also be used. For example, a coating may be applied to the surface of the gate means 31 in order to prevent generation of marine organisms.

  The section 25 described above together with the support structure 23 forms the buoyancy actuator shown in FIGS.

  Referring to FIG. 10, the support structure 23 includes a central core 49 and a frame 47 surrounding the central core 23. The frame 47 includes three groups of struts 51. The first and second groups of struts 51 are inclined outwardly from the core 40 and each define a conical space within the structure 23. The first group of struts 51 extends from the first end of the core 49 to the middle section of the core 49, and the second group extends from the middle of the central core 49 to the second end section of the core. Exist. A third group of struts (not visible in the figure) extends radially outward from the first end of the core 49. In this configuration, the strut defines a pentagonal column. Alternatively, other shapes are possible. In the configuration shown in FIG. 10, ten struts 51 are provided per group of struts so that a pair of struts correspond to each side surface 54 of the structure 23. Lugs 59 and 61 extend from each end of the central core 49 in the longitudinal direction. The lugs 59 and 61 serve as lifting and supporting means during operation, transportation and assembly of the buoyancy actuator 10.

  In addition, the frame 47 includes a series of vertically aligned stubs 45 extending along the periphery of the frame 47 (see FIGS. 10-12). Disposed between the series of stubs 45 is a side panel 53. The side panel 53 defines a support structure and a small plane of the inner chamber wall 26. The panels 55 and 57 are arranged at both ends of the frame 47. This configuration defines a closed interior space within the structure 23 shown in FIG. A stub 45 extends upward from the side panel 53 to receive the section 25.

  In the configuration described above, a cavity is defined in the structure 23. Due to the substantially hollow nature of the buoyancy actuator 10, the buoyancy actuator 10 is lightweight compared to known prior art floats. The cavity is filled with a buoyancy material to provide total net buoyancy to the buoyancy actuator 10. The buoyancy material may be a low-density material such as air, a floating bag containing air, or a foam. The foam may be a urethane foam containing closed cells. However, other suitable materials may be used.

  Buoyancy will cause additional lift during the pumping stroke. The wave applies a large upward force almost equal to the downward force to the buoyancy actuator 10. However, since each pump 15 operates only in one direction, the buoyancy in the buoyancy actuator 10 acts as potential energy stored during the downward stroke. Therefore, both buoyancy and lift force will act on the pump during the lift stroke.

  The hydrodynamic characteristics of the buoyancy actuator may be changed by selectively changing the buoyancy in the structure 23. Examples of changing buoyancy include adding buoyancy material to the structure 23 or removing buoyancy material from the structure 23. In other configurations, the type of buoyancy material may be changed.

  In other configurations, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the buoyancy actuator may be altered by selectively changing the profile of the buoyancy actuator. This may be achieved, for example, by attaching a buoyancy material to the outer surface of the wall portion 29.

  In the case of a buoyancy actuator having a single tether, examples of suitable shapes include a sphere, a truncated sphere, a short inverted cone, a truncated cone, or a short cylinder. Of course, other shapes may be used.

  The spherical shape is optimal. This is because, due to the symmetry of the spherical shape, there is no rotational coupling between the wave disturbance and the buoyancy actuator, so that the swell force can be optimally converted to the linear tension of the tether.

  The difference in energy storage performance between spheres, short cylinders, and short inverted cones is that other spheres are preferred in view of other factors such as ease of manufacture and structural stability. Is not so big as to eliminate. Thus, various shapes with acceptable energy storage performance and acceptable levels of structural stability are possible.

  Buoyancy actuators can be transported as separate components from their modular structure and assembled near their final destination. This configuration is essentially a kit comprising the support structure 23 and ten sections 25 described above. As shown in FIG. 13, the buoyancy actuator 10 will be formed by fastening the sections 25 to the stubs 45 of the support structure 23 and connecting the adjacent sections 25 together. This operation may be performed in a state where the support structure 23 is suspended vertically from the lug 61 by, for example, a crane.

  The assembled buoyancy actuator 10 (see FIG. 2) may be lifted via lugs 61 for deployment in the body of water. As described above, the buoyancy actuator 10 is operably connected to the pump mechanism 15 via the coupler 16 including the tether 17 during operation. The tether 17 is fastened to a lug 59 (see FIG. 10) of the buoyancy actuator.

  The pump 15 is moored in the water area 12 and is configured to be actuated by wave energy via the buoyancy actuator 10. The pump 15 is connected to the buoyancy actuator 10 according to the embodiment that floats by buoyancy above the pump in the sea area 12 and below the water surface 13, typically at a depth several meters below the neutral water level line. It will be operably connected. With this configuration, the pump 15 is operated by the movement of the buoyancy actuator 10 in response to the wave movement. The pump 15 may supply high pressure working fluid (eg, high pressure water) to a closed loop system that utilizes energy in the form of high pressure fluid.

  During operation, the buoyancy actuator 10 is lifted by a wave colliding with the device 11. This lift is transmitted to the pump 15 via the tether 17 and causes the pump 15 to perform a pumping stroke. Once the wave passes, the buoyancy force applied to the buoyancy actuator 10 is reduced, and the buoyancy actuator is lowered by the weight of the various components connected to the buoyancy actuator, for example, the pumping mechanism of the pump 15. The pump 15 is caused to perform a suction stroke. When the piston mechanism is lowered, it is pushed into the water entering the suction chamber. As the piston mechanism descends, water in the suction chamber flows into the piston chamber and gradually expands the pumping chamber. A suction check valve allows water to flow in. As a result, the piston chamber and the discharge chamber are filled with water in preparation for the next pumping stroke performed when the buoyancy actuator 10 rises in response to the next wave disturbance.

  In severe sea conditions, typically in bad weather conditions (such as in storm conditions), the buoyancy actuator 10 may be subjected to extreme forces, which may cause the buoyancy actuator to swell. In such a state, it is necessary to store the buoyancy actuator 10 so as not to be damaged, and to limit the undulation load transmitted to the other structural parts of the device 11. This at least limits the swell force applied to the buoyancy actuator 10 by releasing the energy of the buoyancy actuator 10 and effectively deactivating the buoyancy actuator 10 or allowing water to flow through the buoyancy actuator 10. To achieve this. This is because the effect of allowing the buoyancy actuator 10 to pass through the water area in which the buoyancy actuator is immersed, i.e., that the buoyancy actuator 10 floats slightly more than if no measures were taken. Has the effect of not responding to exercise. This will be achieved by opening the gate means 31. The gate means 31 opens in response to a predetermined fluid differential pressure applied to the gate means 31, thereby allowing water to flow upward through the buoyancy actuator 10. The predetermined fluid differential pressure is caused by an upward swell motion applied to the buoyancy actuator 10 when the buoyancy actuator 10 is exposed to severe sea conditions.

  In other configurations, the movement of the buoyancy actuator may be controlled by selectively operating the gate means 31 to remain within a certain range of movement.

  Referring to FIGS. 15 to 45, a buoyancy actuator 10 according to a second embodiment is shown. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the buoyancy actuator 10 according to the second embodiment is a part of a device 11 that is installed and operated in a seawater area 12 having a water surface and a seabed 14. Part. The device 11 includes a pump mechanism 15 moored to the seabed 14. The buoyancy actuator 10 according to the second embodiment is operably connected to the pump mechanism 15 as in the case of the buoyancy actuator 10 according to the first embodiment. It is floating above the water surface 13 by buoyancy. The buoyancy actuator 10 is operably connected to the pump mechanism 15 via a connector 16 having a tether 17.

  The buoyancy actuator 10 according to the second embodiment includes a truncated conical body 101 having an upper end 103, a lower end 105, and a side surface 107 extending between the two ends. In this configuration, the side surface 107 has a convex shape, and its center swells.

  The main body 101 is hollow, and the upper end 103 and the lower end 105 are each open toward the hollow interior 109 in the main body. The hollow interior 109 defines a chamber 110. Chamber 110 contains a controlled flow path. When this flow path is open, water can flow in the main body between the open upper end 103 and the open lower end 105 along the flow path. Upper end 103 defines an upper portal 104 that opens into chamber 100, and lower end 105 defines a lower portal 106 that opens into chamber 110.

  The main body 101 includes an internal structure 111. The internal structure 111 supports a shell 113 that defines an upper end 103, a lower end 105, and a side surface 107 of the main body.

  The internal structure 111 is configured such that the tether 17 is attached to the internal structure.

  The buoyancy actuator 10 is configured such that the center of mass is below the center of buoyancy. This can provide a certain stability to the buoyancy actuator when operating in intense sea conditions. In this embodiment, this relationship between the center of mass and the center of buoyancy is achieved by the relative positioning of the internal structure 111 and shell 113 and their structure.

  Internal structure 111 incorporates gate means 115. The gate means 115 is for controlling the flow through the body 101 between the upper portal 104 at the open upper end 103 and the lower portal 106 at the open lower end 105 as will be described in more detail below. The gate means 115 is operable in accordance with a predetermined fluid differential pressure applied to the gate means 115 as in the first embodiment, so that water can flow upward through the buoyancy actuator 10. It can flow. The predetermined fluid differential pressure is caused by an upward swell motion applied to the buoyancy actuator 10 when the buoyancy actuator 10 is exposed to severe sea conditions.

  This embodiment is intended to provide a structure that can achieve the maximum water flow cross-section through the upper portal 104 and the lower portal 106 of the body 101 for a given amount of water confined within the body 101. In order to obtain such a structure, the truncated cone shape of the main body is useful.

  The shell 113 has a module structure including a plurality of sections 121. Sections 121 are configured as panels 123 that are adapted to be connected together. In the illustrated configuration, the panels 123 are arranged in two rows, that is, an upper row 125 and a lower row 127. The upper row 125 defines an upper edge 128 at the upper end 103 of the body 101, and the lower row 127 defines a lower edge 129 at the lower end 107. The upper and lower edges 128 and 129 have rounded cross-sectional profiles.

  The upper edge 128 defines the upper portal 104 boundary, and the lower edge 129 defines the lower portal 106 boundary.

  The panels 123 each have the same shape, so that any panel may be placed at any position in any row 125, 127. This is advantageous because it facilitates cost-effective manufacturing of the panel 123 and rapid assembly of the panel 123 to obtain the shell 113.

  Each panel 123 has a substantially rectangular structure including an outer surface 133, an inner surface 135, and a panel body 131 having four edges 137. The four edges 137 are composed of an outer edge 139, an inner edge 141, and two opposite side edges 143, 145.

  When each panel 123 is attached and the shell 113 is assembled, the outer edge 139 of the panel is either the upper edge 128 or the shell 113 of the shell 113 depending on whether the panel 123 is positioned in the upper row 125 or the lower row 127. A portion of any of the lower edges 129 of 113 will be defined. The outer edge 139 is rounded to match the rounded contours of the upper and lower edges 128, 129 of the shell 113.

  Two mutually facing side edges 143 and 145 of each panel 123 are configured to be connected to adjacent edges of adjacent panels 123 in the same panel row in the assembly shell 113. This can be seen with reference to FIG. 18 in which panel 123a is shown with its adjacent panels 123b and 123c. FIG. 29 shows a structure in which the panel 123b is omitted. The panel 123a has edges 143a 145a facing each other, the side edge 143a is connected to the side edge 145b of the panel 123b, and the side edge 145a is connected to the side edge 143c of the panel 123c.

  More specifically, the side edges 143 and 145 of each panel 123 are configured to mate with corresponding side edges of adjacent panels. In the illustrated configuration, the side edges 143, 145 are configured to provide a half lap joint 147 between the panels 123. In this configuration, the side edge 143 of one panel and the corresponding side edge 145 of an adjacent panel can be fitted together. The mated side edges 143, 145 may be secured together by any suitable method, for example, mechanical fastening, chemical bonding, or welding. In the configuration shown, this connection is a mechanical fixation using a fastener 149 such as a bolt or rivet. A mechanically secured connection using removable fasteners is advantageous because it facilitates disassembly of the shell 113, which is later required for repair or maintenance.

  The half lap joint 147 is formed by a cut 151 along each side edge 143, 145. The notch 151 defines a flange 153 and an adjacent recess 155. Flange 153 and recess 155 are shaped to fit. According to such a configuration, the flange 153 of the side edge 143 of the first panel 123 is disposed in the corresponding recess 155 of the side edge 145 of the second panel in the half lap joint 147 between the two panels. The flange 153 of the side edge 145 of the second panel 123 will be disposed in the corresponding recess 155 of the side edge 143 of the first panel.

  The inner edge 141 of each panel 123 is configured to be connected to the inner edge of the adjacent panel 123 in the adjacent panel row in the assembly shell 113. This can be seen with reference to FIGS. 18 and 29. FIG. In these drawings, the panel 123a in the upper row 125 and the panel 123d in the lower row 127 are shown in a state where the inner edges 141a and 141d are adjacent to each other.

  More specifically, the inner edge 141 of each panel 123 is configured to fit to the inner edge 141 of the adjacent panel 123 in the adjacent panel row in the assembly shell 113. In the configuration shown, the inner edge 141 is configured to provide a plurality of half lap joints 161. In this embodiment, two half lap joints are provided by each inner edge 141, but more than two half lap joints are possible.

  The two half lap joints 161 are formed by a first cut 163 and a second cut 165 provided along the mutually facing inner edges 141 of the inner edge 141. The first notch 163 defines an outer flange 167 and an adjacent inner recess 169. Similarly, the second notch 165 defines an inner flange 171 and an adjacent outer recess 173. The outer flange 167 and the outer recess 173 are continuous, and the inner recess 169 and the inner flange 171 are also continuous.

  The outer flange 167 and the inner recess 169 are shaped to fit, and the inner flange 171 and the outer recess 173 are also shaped to fit. According to such a configuration, in the half lap joint 147 between the two panels, the flange 153 of the side edge 143 of the first panel 123 is disposed in the corresponding recess 155 of the side edge 145 of the second panel, The flange 153 of the side edge 145 of the second panel 123 will be disposed in the corresponding recess 155 of the side edge 143 of the first panel.

  In this embodiment, the fitting between the respective flanges 167 and 171 and the recesses 169 and 173 constituting the half lap joint 161 is a friction fit, and thus a snap fit is provided between the inner edges 141 of the panel 123. Can be brought.

  In this configuration, the inner edge 141 of one panel and the corresponding inner edge 141 of an adjacent panel can be overlapped and fitted. The mated inner edges 141 may be secured together by any suitable method, such as mechanical fastening, chemical bonding, or welding. In the configuration shown, this connection is a mechanical fixation using a fastener 175 such as a bolt or rivet. A mechanically secured connection using removable fasteners is advantageous because it facilitates disassembly of the shell 113, which is later required for repair or maintenance.

  The shell 113 has a buoyancy structure. For this purpose, each shell panel 123 has buoyancy. This may be achieved by any suitable method, for example by forming one or more cavities in the panel or by encapsulating a buoyant material such as foam in the panel. . In this embodiment, the main body 131 of each panel 123 has a hollow structure. The hollow structure includes a skin 181 having an outer skin region 183 defining an outer surface 133 and an inner skin region 185 defining an inner surface 135. Outer skin area 183 and inner skin area 185 are in spaced relation to each other and define a closed space 187 therebetween. An array of bridge elements 189 is integrally formed with the outer skin area 183 and the inner skin area 185 and extends across the space 187 between them, thereby reinforcing the two skin areas. Yes. In this embodiment, the space includes air, but may include any suitable buoyancy material, such as other gases or foam materials.

  To facilitate movement of the buoyancy actuator 10 when deployed in water, one or more mooring points 190 are provided outside the shell 113. Typically, such movement is made in the form of towing. The mooring point 190 is connected to the internal structure 111 in order to be strong.

  The internal structure 111 includes a central core 201 that supports the shell 113. The internal structure 111 includes a center column 203 and a frame 205 attached on the center column 203. Typically, the center column 203 and the frame 205 are composed primarily of metal, which helps to ensure that the center of mass of the buoyancy actuator 10 is located below the center of buoyancy. become.

  The center column 203 includes an upper section 206 and a lower section 207. The upper section 206 includes a center plate 208 that surrounds the column 203 and a mounting bracket 209 below the center plate 208.

  The frame 205 has an arm 210 extending radially from the upper section 206 of the central column 203 and a strut 211 extending between the lower section 207 of the central column 203 and the radially outer end of the arm 210. And. Each arm 210 includes a frame element 213. The frame element 213 is attached to one of the mounting brackets 209 at its radially inner end. A radially outer end of each frame element 213 is supported by each of the struts 211.

  The frame 205 includes a mount 215 to which a shell 213 can be attached. In the illustrated configuration, the mount 215 includes mounting brackets 217 at the outer ends of the frame elements 213, and the shell 213 can be bottled onto these mountable brackets 217.

  A frame 205 extends radially between the lower section of the center column 203 and the shell 213 to secure the shell in place in the inner structure 111, as best shown in FIG. A frame element 218 is also provided.

  The radial arrangement of the arms 210 will define a space 219 between the arms. The space 219 forms a part of a flow path that passes through the inside of the main body, and when a part of the flow path is opened, water flows between the upper portal 104 and the lower portal 106 along the part of the flow path. It becomes possible to flow in the main body. The space 219 has a substantially triangular shape with the radially innermost end as a vertex.

  The gate means 115 is operable to regulate the flow of water through the body 101 between the upper portal 104 and the lower portal 106.

  The gate means 115 includes a plurality of lid elements configured as flaps 221. The flaps 221 are configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier 222 across the flow path through the body 101 between the upper portal 104 and the lower portal 106. The barrier 222 does not necessarily need to completely block the flow through the main body 101, but may simply block the flow.

  Each flap 221 is movable so that it cooperates with the other flaps to provide and release from the barrier 222. As the one or more flaps 221 move away from the state, the barrier 222 opens, allowing fluid flow through the barrier. In essence, the flap 221 is configured as an openable and closable hatch that provides a barrier 222 when in the closed state. When in the open state, the hatches each provide an opening in the barrier that allows water to flow through the opening.

  In the configuration shown, the flaps 221 are each associated with the space 219 to open and close each of the spaces 219 with respect to the flow.

  The flap 221 is shaped to match the shape of the space 219. In the illustrated configuration, each flap 221 includes an inner end 223, an outer end 225, and two opposite side surfaces 227. The shape of the flap 221 is best shown in FIGS. The side surface 227 includes an inner surface area 227a and an outer surface area 227b. The side surfaces 227 are configured such that the inner surface areas 227a of these flaps 221 are closely adjacent to each other when the adjacent flaps 221 are in the closed state, as shown in FIG. Yes. Thereby, an effective barrier 222 is easily achieved.

  The flap 221 is pivotally mounted on the frame 205 so as to swing between an open state and a closed state in association with each space 219. In the closed state, the flap 221 extends across the space 219, thereby providing a barrier 222 and impeding flow. Because it is pivotably mounted, each flap 221 can swing away from its corresponding space 219 to expose the space, thereby opening the barrier 222 and allowing flow to pass through the barrier. Can do. 36, 37 and 39, the flap 221 in the closed state is shown. FIG. 19 shows the flap 221 partially swinging away from the closed state.

  In the illustrated configuration, each flap 221 is pivotally attached by a hinge 229 at a location adjacent to the outer end 225 on the frame 205. When the flap 221 is in the closed state, the inner end 223 is supported on the center plate 208.

  The barrier 222 is configured and positioned to fit within the boundary of the shell 113. Furthermore, the flaps 221 that will constitute the barrier 222 will remain within the boundary of the shell 113 even when in the fully open state.

  A latch mechanism 231 is associated with each flap 221 to hold the flap 221 closed and prevent water flow through the body 101. The latch mechanism 231 includes a detachable connector 238. In this embodiment, the coupler 238 is composed of a magnetic coupler 239. The magnetic coupler 239 provides an attractive force between the inner end 223 of each flap 221 and the adjacent portion of the central core 201. In the illustrated configuration, the magnetic coupler 239 includes magnet means 241 located at a location adjacent to the inner end 223 on the flap 221 and a collision plate 243 on the central column 203. The impact plate 243 is made of a material (such as steel or other ferromagnetic material) such that the magnet means 241 is magnetically attracted to the impact plate 243. The impingement plate 243 is defined by the center plate 208 of the center column 203 in the illustrated configuration.

  The magnetic coupler 239 is operable to hold each flap 221 in a closed state until the force on the flap is large enough to overcome the magnetic attractive force, and the force on the flap is sufficiently large. This force causes the magnetic coupling to be biased to cause the flap to disengage and swing away from the closed state, resulting in an opening that allows water to flow through the body 101. Become.

  The magnet means 241 in this embodiment comprises an array of permanent magnets 245 housed in a housing 247. The permanent magnet 245 may be of any suitable type. Permanent magnets with good aging characteristics are desirable. Neodymium magnets (also known as NdFeB magnets) are considered particularly suitable.

  The housing 247 is configured to isolate the magnet 245 from the water environment in which the buoyancy actuator will be operated.

  Depending on the combination of the hydrodynamic conditions and the movement of the buoyancy actuator 10 in the moving body of water, the flap 221 may close due to excessive force, i.e., close rather than gently closing. If this condition is not relieved, it will result in excessive wear and damage not only on the flap 221 itself, but also on the latch mechanism 231 and other parts of the internal structure 111. In order to alleviate this problem, some kind of physical cushioning material may be provided between the contact surfaces. The cushioning material may be in the form of a molded piece of elastic material having suitable energy cushioning properties attached to either one or both of the contact surfaces. For example, the elastic material may be attached to either or both mating parts of the internal structure 11 such as each flap 221 or the collision plate 243.

  Of course, other buffer structures are possible. For example, the swing of the flap 221 may be buffered hydrodynamically or via electrical (eddy current) buffer control. In practice, it is advantageous to provide an elastic buffering of the contact surface and also to buffer the oscillations by hydrodynamic or electrical (eddy current) means.

  46 and 47 show a modified form of the magnet means 241. This variation is devised to protect the permanent magnet 245 and provide some physical buffering when contacting the impingement plate 243. In this variation, the housing 247 is constructed from a non-magnetic and non-porous material (eg, a plastic polymer), and a permanent magnet 245 is encased within the housing 247. Preferably, the plastic polymer material has some elastic properties to provide some physical buffering. Polyurethane, acrylic resin, and polymeric HMPE are considered to be particularly suitable plastic polymers for the housing 247.

  Typically, the permanent magnet 245 is cast in the housing 247. Such a configuration is advantageous because the housing 247 can confine the permanent magnets 245 and hold the permanent magnets 245 at appropriate locations within the housing and relative to each other.

  The housing 247 has a contact surface 251 that faces the collision plate 243. In the illustrated configuration, the permanent magnet 245 is located in a recessed area with respect to the contact surface 251 and provides the housing with a cushion portion 253 located between the contact surface 251 and the permanent magnet 245. The contact surface 251 also functions as a wear surface that protects the recessed permanent magnet 245 from the influence of wear when the magnet means 241 and the impact plate 243 come into contact with each other.

  Typically, the housing 247 is removable and replaceable as needed.

  In this embodiment, the cushion portion 253 is integral with the housing 247. In other configurations, the cushioning material may be provided by a layer of cushioning material attached to the housing 247 for contacting the impact plate 243.

  Although not shown, the cushion material may be provided in association with the collision plate 243. In one example, the impact plate 243 may be adapted to be supported on a shock absorbing mounting structure. The shock absorbing mounting structure may be composed of a rubber mount, and the collision plate 243 may be elastically supported on the rubber mount.

  In this second embodiment, the barrier 222 provided by the flap 221 is such that the chamber is substantially perpendicular to the direction of water flow through the body 101 between the upper portal 104 and the lower portal 106. It extends across 110. Typically, the flap 221 can swing about an arc of about 90 ° between a fully closed state and a fully open state. Such a range of motion makes it easier for the flap to close due to excessive force under a combination of hydrodynamic conditions and motion of the buoyancy actuator 10 in the moving body of water. As suggested in the above description, providing this buffer can alleviate this potential problem.

  Another approach to alleviating the problem of closing the flap 221 with excessive force is to reduce the range of movement of the flap between the fully closed state and the fully open state, so that the flap is released from the closed state. Is to reduce the extent to which the flap is affected by a combination of hydrodynamic conditions and the movement of the buoyancy actuator 10 in the moving water body.

  The buoyancy actuator 10 according to the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 48, 49 and 50 adopts such a technique.

  The buoyancy actuator 10 according to the third embodiment is similar in many respects to the buoyancy actuator according to the second embodiment, so that like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts.

  In the buoyancy actuator 10 according to the third embodiment, the barrier 222 has an inclined structure. In this structure, each flap 221 in the closed state is inclined with respect to the direction of water flow through the main body 101 between the upper portal 104 and the lower portal 106. Specifically, each flap 221 is inclined in a direction toward the upper portal 104. That is, as shown in FIG. 48, the inner end 223 of each flap 221 is located closer to the upper portal 104 than the outer end 225 when in the closed state. In this way, the range of movement of the flap between the fully closed state and the fully open state is narrowed.

  With this configuration, the flap 221 when in the closed state will result in a barrier 222 having an inclined, somewhat conical shape.

  The internal structure 111 comprising the central column 203 and the frame 205 has been modified to fit this configuration. Specifically, the arms 210 that define the space 219 therebetween are inclined. In addition, the central column 203 incorporates a head portion 261 that supports the inner end 223 of the flap 221 when in the closed state, and also includes a collision plate 243 for the magnetic coupling 239 that functions as a latch mechanism 231. . Specifically, the head portion 261 includes a plurality of segments 263, each of which defines a respective collision plate 243.

  The frame 205 includes a spider-like structure 271 that includes an inclined upper frame element 273 and an inclined lower frame element 275. The outer ends of the frame elements 273 and 275 converge on the outer end of the attachment plate 277, and the shell 113 can be attached to the attachment plate 277. According to this configuration, the upper frame element 273 defines the arms 210 and the space 219 therebetween.

  Referring to FIGS. 51 and 52, a buoyancy actuator 10 according to a fourth embodiment is schematically shown. This buoyancy actuator includes a main body 301. The main body 301 is hollow and has an upper end 303 and a lower end 305. Each of the upper end 303 and the lower end 305 is open toward the hollow interior 307 in the body. The hollow interior 307 defines a chamber 309 that contains a controlled flow path. When this controlled flow path is opened, water can flow in the main body between the open upper end 303 and the open lower end 305 along the flow path. Gate means 311 for controlling the flow through the main body 301 between the open upper end 303 and the open lower end 305 is provided. As in the previous embodiment, the gate means 311 is operable in response to a predetermined fluid differential pressure applied to the gate means 311. The predetermined fluid differential pressure is caused by the swell motion applied to the buoyancy actuator 10 when the buoyancy actuator 10 is exposed to a severe sea condition.

  The gate means 311 includes a plurality of flaps 313. The flaps 313 are configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier 315 across the flow path through the body 301 between the open upper end 303 and the open lower end 305. The barrier 315 does not necessarily need to block the entire flow through the main body 301, and may simply block the flow.

  Each flap 313 is movable such that the flap 313 cooperates with the other flaps to provide and release from the barrier 315. As the one or more flaps 313 move away from the state, the barrier 315 opens, allowing fluid to flow through the barrier. Similar to the previous embodiment, the flap 313 is configured as an openable and closable hatch and will provide a barrier 315 when in the closed state. When in the open state, the hatches each provide an opening in the barrier 315, allowing water to flow through the opening.

  In this embodiment, the flap 313 is pivotably attached so as to swing between an open state and a closed state. In the illustrated configuration, the flap 313 is pivotally mounted on a pivot axis 317 defined by a hinge 319 attached to the body 301. The flap 313 is operably connected to a buoyancy device 321 that biases the flap 313 to a closed state. The buoyancy device 321 is disposed outside the main body 301 in the illustrated configuration. A stopper 323 is associated with each buoyancy device 321 to limit upward movement of the buoyancy device 321 due to the influence of buoyancy. When the flap 313 swings upward from a closed state (as shown in FIG. 52) to an open state (as shown in FIG. 51) in response to the differential pressure applied to the flap 313, buoyancy The device 321 moves downward away from the stopper 323 against the influence of buoyancy applied to the buoyancy device 321. When the differential pressure to the flap 313 is sufficiently reduced, the buoyancy applied to the buoyancy device 321 returns the buoyancy device 321 to engage with the stopper 323, whereby the flap 313 returns to the closed state.

  In this embodiment, the flap 313 is supported like a cantilever in the chamber 309. That is, the flap 313 extends unsupported from the hinge 319 into the chamber 309. According to this configuration, the flap 313 has some inherent elasticity, so that when it is in the closed state, the flap has a downward hydrodynamics (as depicted by the dashed line in FIG. 52). It is configured so that it can be bent by a limited amount in response to a specific force. This is advantageous because the deflection of the flap 313 can provide some cushion during the closing movement of the flap.

  As described above with respect to some embodiments of the buoyancy actuator 10, depending on some combination of hydrodynamic conditions and movement of the buoyancy actuator 10, the flaps that would constitute the barrier may be closed by excessive force. That is, there is a possibility of closing rather than gently closing. Several buffer structures have already been disclosed for buffering by fluid pressure means.

  53, 54 and 55, a part of the buoyancy actuator 10 according to the fifth embodiment is schematically shown. The buoyancy actuator 10 according to this embodiment comprises a gate means 351, the gate means 351 being configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier across the flow path, as in the previous embodiment. A plurality of flaps 353 (only one is shown) are provided.

  The buoyancy actuator 10 according to this embodiment further comprises a hydraulic shock absorber 355 adapted to facilitate closing each flap 353 while buffering. The fluid pressure shock absorber 355 includes a dash pot 357 having a cylinder 359 and a piston 361. The piston 361 includes a piston head 363 and a piston shaft 365. The piston head 363 is accommodated in the cylinder 359 in order to divide the cylinder 359 into two chambers 367 and 369. Chamber 367 is on the opposite side of piston shaft 365 and includes a spring 371 adapted to bias piston 361 into an extended state. The chamber 367 also includes an inlet / outlet 373 for controlled intake and exhaust of fluid, in this embodiment typically water from the surrounding seawater environment. The free end of the piston shaft 365 is provided with an elastic bumper 375 adapted to come into contact with each flap 353.

  When the flap 353 is in the closed state (as shown in FIG. 53), the bumper 375 is in contact with the flap 353, the piston 361 is retracted into the cylinder 359, and the spring 371 is compressed. Yes. When the flap 353 is moving away from the closed state (as shown in FIG. 54), the flap 353 separates from the bumper 375 and the piston 361 is affected by the compressed spring 371. Will stretch. As the piston extends, the chamber 367 gradually expands and then water is drawn into the chamber 367 through the inlet / outlet 373. During the return movement of the flap 353 (as shown in FIG. 55), the flap 353 first engages the bumper 375 and the elastic properties of this bumper 375 provide some initial damping. As the flap 353 continues to return, a force is applied to the piston 361, causing the piston 361 to retract. Retraction of the piston 361 causes the chamber 367 to gradually contract, and water is discharged from the chamber 367 through the inlet / outlet 373. The inlet / outlet 373 is dimensioned to adjust the rate of water drain from the chamber 367 and thereby provide a viscous buffering effect. Therefore, the flap 353 can be controlled and closed without receiving excessive force.

  Referring to FIG. 56, the sixth embodiment of the present invention relates to a wave energy conversion system 400 including a plurality of units 401. Each unit 401 is one of the devices according to the previous embodiment, and each has a buoyancy actuator 10. According to such a configuration, each buoyancy actuator 10 is arranged in an array 403 of buoyancy actuators. Any number of buoyancy actuators 10 may be provided in the array.

  The spacing between the units 401 and the pattern of the array 403 are features that are optimized with respect to the actual wavelength and wave direction of the dominant ocean state.

  The apparatus according to each embodiment is operated in conjunction with a closed loop system (not shown) adapted to extract energy in the form of a high pressure working fluid, for example for use in a power plant or desalination plant. Good.

  From the foregoing, it is clear that each of the embodiments provides an energy release buoyancy actuator that is virtually inoperable for storage in relatively light and bad weather conditions.

  Furthermore, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the scope of the disclosed embodiments.

  Although the embodiments described above each have a modular structure, it should be understood that the buoyancy actuator according to the present invention may be configured as a single unit and transported to the site in that state.

  Throughout the specification and claims, unless the context indicates otherwise, the term “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” are used in full or It should be understood that a complete group is included but does not exclude other complete groups or other complete groups.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a buoyant actuator responsive to wave motion comprises a body defining an interior space having at least one gate means changing the response of the buoyant actuator for wave motion The buoyancy actuator is provided wherein the gate means is confined within the internal space .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion has a support structure adapted to receive a plurality of sections defining a chamber for impeding water flow through the body. At least one gate means for changing the response of the buoyancy actuator to wave motion , wherein the support structure and the plurality of sections are adapted to be transported and assembled on site. A buoyancy actuator is provided wherein the gate means is confined within the chamber .

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator adapted to be immersed in a body of water, a body defining a hollow interior adapted to receive a certain amount of water from a surrounding body of water. The body has flow control means for controlling flow through the hollow interior, the flow control means having a first condition that blocks or at least impedes flow of fluid through the body; A buoyancy actuator is provided , wherein the flow control means is confined within the interior space .

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion comprising a body defining an interior space, the body comprises an internal structure that supports a shell defining the interior space. The shell includes a plurality of sections configured as panels adapted to be connected together, and the interior space includes at least one gating means that alters the response of the buoyancy actuator to wave motion. And the gate means is provided with a buoyancy actuator confined in the interior space .

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a buoyancy actuator for wave motion comprising a body defining an internal space, comprising at least one gate means for changing the response of the buoyancy actuator to the wave motion. The gate means is confined within the interior space, and the body has a frustoconical shape having an open top, an open bottom, and a side surface extending between the two ends, An actuator is provided. In this configuration, the side surface has a convex shape, and preferably the center is swollen.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator that responds to wave motion, a main body incorporating a flow path through which water can flow, and a gate means for controlling the flow along the flow path The gate means includes a plurality of lid elements that provide a barrier across the flow path through the body, the lid element being in a state in which the lid element cooperates with other lid elements to provide a barrier; A gate means which is movable so as to be disengaged from the state, and a latch means for releasably holding each lid element in the state, wherein the latch means comprises a magnetic coupling. The barrier is configured and positioned to be within the boundary of the body so that the lid element that provides the barrier remains within the boundary of the body even when in the fully open state It has become Buoyant actuator is provided.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention there is provided a kit for assembling at least one buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding aspects of the present invention described above.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in a kit for assembling a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion, a support structure and a plurality of sections adapted to be connected to the support structure to assemble a buoyancy actuator A plurality of sections defining a chamber and at least one gate means for changing the response of the buoyancy actuator to wave motion, the gate means being confined within the chamber. A kit is provided.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a wave energy conversion system comprising at least one buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding aspects of the present invention described above.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, a method for capturing wave energy in a body of water comprising deploying a buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding aspects of the present invention in the body of water. Is provided.
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion comprises a body defining an interior space comprising at least one gate means for changing the response of the buoyancy actuator to wave motion, The means comprises a plurality of lid elements configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier across the flow path through which water can flow through the body, each lid element including It is movable to cooperate with the lid element to bring about and leave the barrier, the barrier being in a closed state with respect to the direction of water flow through the body. There is provided a buoyancy actuator having an inclined structure that is inclined.
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in a buoyancy actuator that responds to wave motion, a body incorporating a flow path through which water can flow, and gate means for controlling the flow along the flow path. And the gate means includes a plurality of lid elements configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier across the flow path through the body, each lid element including a lid element It is movable to cooperate with the lid element to bring about and leave the barrier, the barrier being in a closed state with respect to the direction of water flow through the body. There is provided a buoyancy actuator having an inclined structure that is inclined.

Claims (45)

  A buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion, comprising a body defining an internal space comprising at least one gate means for changing the response of the buoyancy actuator to wave motion.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 1, wherein the gate means is confined in the internal space.   3. A buoyancy actuator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gate means is configured to allow water to flow through the body of the buoyancy actuator.   4. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 1, wherein the gate means is adapted to a specific sea state.   The gate means comprises at least one lid element, wherein the lid element is in a closed state where the lid element is normally closed, preventing the water from flowing through the body; A buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element is movable between an open state allowing water flow through the body.   In order to releasably hold the lid element in the closed state, a detachable connector is provided, and the detachable connector disengages the lid element and removes the lid element from the closed state. 6. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 5, wherein the buoyancy actuator is configured to operate to move to the open state and bring about the open state.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 6, wherein the detachable coupler includes a magnetic coupler.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 1, wherein the lid element comprises a flap.   The flap is in a closed state in which the flap is normally closed, preventing a flow of water through the main body, and allowing the water to flow through the main body by swinging the flap outward. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 8, wherein the buoyancy actuator is swingable between the open state and the open state.   The magnetic coupling device comprises magnet means located at a location adjacent to the inner end of the lid means, and a mating part adapted to magnetically attract the magnet means. 10. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 7, 8, or 9.   11. A buoyancy actuator according to claim 10, wherein the magnet means comprises an array of permanent magnets housed in a housing.   The said housing has a contact surface which faces the said other components of the said magnetic coupling device, The said permanent magnet is located in the location dented with respect to the said contact surface. The buoyancy actuator described in 1.   The buoyancy actuator of claim 12, wherein the housing provides a cushion portion between the contact surface and the permanent magnet.   The buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gate means comprises a plurality of lid elements.   The lid elements are configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier across the flow path through the body, and each lid element cooperates with other lid elements to provide the barrier. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 14, wherein the buoyancy actuator is movable so as to be in a state and to be detached from the state.   16. A buoyancy actuator according to claim 15, wherein the barrier provided by the lid element extends across the flow path so as to be substantially perpendicular to the direction of water flow through the body.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 15, wherein the barrier has an inclined structure in which each lid element in the closed state is inclined with respect to a direction of water flow through the main body.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 17, wherein each lid element is inclined in a direction toward the open upper end of the main body.   The body has a longitudinal extension and is a flow path along which the water can flow through the body in parallel with the long axis of the body. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 1, wherein the buoyancy actuator is configured as described above.   19. The body according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the body has a truncated cone shape having an upper end, a lower end, and a side surface extending between the two ends. Buoyancy actuator.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 20, wherein the side surface has a convex shape, and a center is swollen.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 1, wherein the body has a modular structure.   The buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the body comprises an internal structure that supports a shell defining an upper end, a lower end, and side surfaces.   24. A buoyancy actuator according to claim 23, wherein the shell comprises a plurality of sections configured as panels adapted to be connected together.   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 24, wherein each panel has a substantially rectangular structure.   26. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 25, wherein a connection between adjacent panels includes a half-lap joint.   The buoyancy of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the body comprises one or more mooring points that facilitate movement of the buoyancy actuator when deployed in seawater. Actuator.   The buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a buffer material for relaxing movement of each lid element to the closed state.   29. Any of the claims 15-28, wherein the barrier provided by the lid element extends across the flow path so as to be substantially perpendicular to the direction of water flow through the body. The buoyancy actuator described in 1.   29. The barrier according to any one of claims 15 to 28, wherein each of the lid elements in the closed state has an inclined structure inclined with respect to a direction of water flow through the main body. The buoyancy actuator described in 1.   A buoyancy actuator that responds to wave motion comprises a body incorporating a flow path through which water can flow, and gate means for controlling flow along the flow path, wherein the gate means A plurality of lid elements configured to cooperate with each other to provide a barrier across the flow path through the body, wherein each lid element cooperates with the other lid element. A buoyancy actuator, wherein the actuator is movable so as to be in a state of providing the barrier and to be separated from the state.   The barrier is configured and positioned to be within the boundary of the body, and the lid element is adapted to remain within the boundary of the body even when fully open. The buoyancy actuator according to claim 31.   33. Buoyancy according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the barrier provided by the lid element extends across the flow path so as to be substantially perpendicular to the direction of water flow through the body. Actuator.   33. Buoyancy according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the barrier has an inclined structure in which each lid element in the closed state is inclined with respect to the direction of water flow through the body. Actuator.   A buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion comprising a body having a support structure adapted to receive a plurality of sections defining a chamber for impeding water flow through the body; A buoyancy actuator, wherein the support structure and the plurality of sections are configured to be transported and assembled on site.   A buoyancy actuator adapted to be immersed in a body of water comprising a body defining a hollow interior adapted to receive a volume of water from a surrounding body of water, the body comprising the hollow interior Flow control means for controlling flow through the first state, the flow control means blocking or at least impeding fluid flow through the body, and fluid flow through the hollow interior. A buoyancy actuator characterized by having a second state enabling   The buoyancy actuator according to claim 36, wherein the flow control means is confined in the internal space.   In a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion comprising a body defining an internal space, the body includes an internal structure that supports a shell defining the internal space, the shells together A buoyancy actuator comprising a plurality of sections configured as a panel adapted to be connected.   In a buoyancy actuator responsive to wave motion comprising a body defining an interior space, the body has a truncated conical shape having an open upper end, an open lower end, and a side surface extending between the two ends. A buoyancy actuator characterized by comprising:   In a buoyancy actuator that responds to wave motion, a body incorporating a flow path through which water can flow, and gate means for controlling flow along the flow path, the gate means comprising the body A plurality of lid elements that provide a barrier across the flow path through the lid, wherein the lid element is in a state in which the lid element cooperates with other lid elements to provide the barrier. Gate means, which is movable so as to be disengaged, and latch means for releasably holding each lid element in the state, wherein the latch means comprises a magnetic coupling. A buoyancy actuator characterized by   A kit for assembling a buoyancy actuator according to any one of the preceding claims.   A kit for assembling a buoyancy actuator, comprising: a support structure; and a plurality of sections configured to be connected to the support structure to assemble the buoyancy actuator.   41. A wave energy conversion system comprising at least one buoyancy actuator according to any one of claims 1-40.   41. A method for capturing wave energy in a body of water comprising deploying a buoyancy actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 40 in the body of water.   A buoyancy actuator substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

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