JP2012256557A - Daylighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a daylighting device capable of irradiating light in a uniform and still sufficient light volume.SOLUTION: The daylighting device: comprises a daylighting unit 10 that captures light, a light-guiding unit 20 that guides the captured light from the daylighting unit 10, and a light emission unit 30 that irradiates indoors the light guided by the light-guiding unit 20; and is characterized by having a diffusion plate 11 having a haze value of at least 50% disposed in the daylighting unit 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a daylighting apparatus that guides light into a room.

  In recent years, for the stable supply of food, the development of closed plant factories that grow plants by controlling the plant growth environment has been progressing (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, in such a closed plant factory, an artificial light source such as a fluorescent lamp is used as a light source for irradiating the plant. However, the lighting cost is high, and further, it is consumed due to artificial light source cultivation. There was a problem that the impression of the person was not so good.

JP-A-5-85134

  On the other hand, in the above-mentioned closed plant factory, a method of guiding the sunlight into the plant factory using a light duct is also conceivable. However, when the present inventors examined, it was possible to irradiate the plant factory uniformly with light. Therefore, there is a problem that a difference occurs in the growth of the plant and the plant cannot be efficiently cultivated.

  An object of this invention is to provide the lighting device which can irradiate light uniformly and with sufficient light quantity.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by providing a diffusing plate having a predetermined haze value in a daylighting unit for taking in light in the daylighting device. The present invention has been completed.

  That is, according to the present invention, it comprises a daylighting unit that captures light, a light guide unit that guides light captured from the daylighting unit, and a light emission unit that irradiates the light guided by the light guide unit into the room, A daylighting apparatus is provided, wherein the daylighting unit is provided with a diffusion plate having a haze value of 50% or more.

In the daylighting apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that a light reflecting layer made of silver or a silver alloy is provided on the inner surface side.
In the daylighting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the angle of the daylighting part reflecting plate with respect to the diffuser plate is provided in a range of 45 to 70 °.
In the daylighting apparatus of the present invention, the light emission unit includes a light emission plate that reflects light guided from the light guide unit, and a light emission port for irradiating the light reflected by the light emission plate into the room, It is preferable that the said light emission plate has a curved surface which approaches the said light emission port as it leaves | separates from the said light guide part from the said light guide part side.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the lighting device which can irradiate light uniformly and with sufficient light quantity can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a daylighting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2A is a side view of the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2B is a plan view of the daylighting apparatus 1. FIG. 3A is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of the daylighting unit 10 of the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, FIG. 3B is a plan view of the daylighting unit 10, and FIG. 3 is a side view of the daylighting unit 10. FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the daylighting area D1 in the daylighting unit 10 and the light emission area D2 in the light emission part 30 of the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6A is a side view of the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 6B is a plan view of the daylighting apparatus 1a. 7A is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of the daylighting unit 10a of the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment, FIG. 7B is a front view of the daylighting unit 10a, and FIG. It is a side view of the lighting part 10a. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method of dividing the irradiation surface S in the embodiment. FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing the configuration of a daylighting apparatus used in an experiment for examining the correlation between the efficiency of taking light and the weight of leaves. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the efficiency of taking light and the weight of leaves. FIG. 11A is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus 1b used in Example 4, and FIG. 11B is a side view of the daylighting apparatus 1b. FIG. 12A is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus 1c used in Example 5, and FIG. 12B is a side view of the daylighting apparatus 1c. FIG. 13A is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus 1d used in Example 6, and FIG. 13B is a side view of the daylighting apparatus 1d. FIGS. 14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating simulation results of the distribution of light irradiated on the irradiation surface S when the haze value of the diffusion plate 11 is changed. FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating simulation results of the distribution of light irradiated on the irradiation surface S when the haze value of the diffusion plate 11 is changed. FIGS. 16A to 16C are diagrams illustrating simulation results of the distribution of light irradiated to the irradiation surface S when the haze value of the diffusion plate 11 is changed.

<< First Embodiment >>
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a daylighting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. 2A is a side view when the lighting device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is viewed in the positive direction of the Y axis, and FIG. 2B is a negative view of the lighting device 1 shown in FIG. It is a top view in the case of seeing.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 </ b> A, and 2 </ b> B, the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a daylighting unit 10, a light guide unit 20, and a light emitting unit 30. The daylighting device 1 takes in sunlight from the outside via a diffusion plate 11 (the diffusion plate 11 will be described later) provided in the daylighting unit 10, and the taken-in light passes through the light guide unit 20. Then, the light is guided to the light emitting unit 30, and the guided light is irradiated onto the irradiation surface S by the light emitting unit 30. As shown in FIG. 1, in the daylighting apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, the daylighting unit 10, the light guide unit 20, and the light emitting unit 30 all have the same width in the Y-axis direction with W. .

  As will be described later, the daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is configured with a light reflecting layer whose inner surface is made of silver or a silver alloy. The light emitting unit 30 is provided with a light emitting port 31 (shown in gray in FIG. 1) for irradiating the irradiation surface S with light. Therefore, the light taken into the daylighting device 1 of the present embodiment is guided to the light emitting unit 30 while being reflected by the light reflection layer formed on the inner surface of the daylighting device 1, and is formed in the light emitting unit 30. The irradiation surface S is irradiated from the light emission port 31.

  The daylighting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited and can be used for various purposes. For example, in a closed type plant factory such as a container type plant factory using a frozen container as a closed space. It is suitably used as a daylighting device for a plant factory for irradiating sunlight. And when the lighting device 1 which concerns on this embodiment is used as a lighting device for closed-type plant factories, the plant used as a cultivation object will be mounted in the irradiation surface S on the whole surface.

  Next, the daylighting unit 10 of the daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described. Here, FIG. 3A is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of the daylighting unit 10 of the daylighting apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, and in FIG. 3A, the daylighting apparatus 1 shown in FIG. The figure in the case where it sees from the direction in which the board 11 is installed is shown. 3B is a plan view when the daylighting unit 10 shown in FIG. 3A is viewed in the negative Z-axis direction, and FIG. 3C is the daylighting unit 10 shown in FIG. It is a side view in the case of seeing in the Y axis direction positive direction. 3A and 3B, the diffusion plate 11 is shown in gray.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (C), in the daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, a diffuser plate 11 is provided in a portion of the daylighting unit 10 that takes in sunlight. This diffuser plate 11 has an action of diffusing light in addition to a light transmitting action, and is usually arranged in the direction in which the sun is located during the day, thereby taking sunlight into the daylighting apparatus 1. And diffuses the collected light.

  In this embodiment, the diffuser plate 11 has a haze value of 50% or more, preferably 55 to 90%, more preferably 60 to 80%. In the present embodiment, the diffuser plate 11 having a haze value in this range is provided at the portion of the daylighting unit 10 that takes in sunlight, that is, the light intake port of the daylighting device 1, thereby releasing the light emitting unit 30. The light irradiated from the light port 31 to the irradiation surface S can be uniform and have a sufficient amount of light. If the haze value is too small, the irradiation of light to the irradiation surface S becomes non-uniform, and when the daylighting device 1 is used as a daylighting device for a closed plant factory, the plant placed on the irradiation surface S A part of the light will not be irradiated, resulting in a difference in plant growth. The haze value is a percentage of scattered light transmittance / visible light transmittance.

  The diffuser plate 11 has a total light transmittance of preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more. If the total light transmittance is too low, the amount of light irradiated on the irradiation surface S becomes insufficient, and the lighting device 1 is mounted on the irradiation surface S when the lighting device 1 is used as a lighting device for a closed plant factory. The plant to be placed may not be sufficiently grown.

  As the diffusing plate 11, a highly transparent plate capable of transmitting light and a resin film having a light diffusing function attached thereto, or a resin plate having a light diffusing function can be used, but the weather resistance is excellent. In view of the above, it is preferable to attach a resin film having a light diffusion function to a highly transparent plate capable of transmitting the light. Specific examples of the material of the resin film constituting the diffusion plate 11 include, for example, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a silicon resin, and the like. Among these, an acrylic resin is preferably used because of excellent weather resistance. It is done. Moreover, as a specific example of the highly transparent plate which can transmit the light which comprises the diffusion plate 11, a transparent glass plate and a transparent resin plate are mentioned, for example, From the point of being excellent in a weather resistance among these. A transparent glass plate is preferably used.

  Moreover, it is although it does not specifically limit as thickness of the resin film of the diffusion plate 11, Preferably it is 50-200 micrometers, More preferably, it is 70-150 micrometers. Furthermore, the thickness of the diffusion plate 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 9 mm, and more preferably 5 to 8 mm.

  In the present embodiment, the installation angle of the diffusion plate 11 when installing the diffusion plate 11 in the daylighting unit 10 is not particularly limited, but as shown in FIG. 3C, a horizontal plane (a plane perpendicular to the vertical direction). ) Is preferably set to 45 °. Even if the angle α1 is too large or too small, there is a risk that the efficiency of taking in sunlight will decrease. In addition, when the angle α1 is too small, dust or the like scattered in the atmosphere easily accumulates on the diffusion plate 11, and there is a possibility that the efficiency of taking in sunlight may decrease due to the influence of the deposit. .

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the daylighting unit 10 is provided with a reflecting plate 12. As the reflection plate 12, a plate in which a light reflection layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed on the inner surface of the metal plate (the inner surface of the daylighting device 1) can be used. As the metal plate in this case, for example, a steel plate or an aluminum plate can be used. The light reflecting layer made of silver or silver alloy is electroplated by electroless plating in which silver is reduced and deposited on the surface of a metal plate by silver mirror reaction, spray plating, or electrolysis in an aqueous solution containing silver ions. For example, it can be formed by a vapor deposition method in which silver is evaporated under a reduced pressure atmosphere to form a film.

  Furthermore, the reflector 12 is preferably configured to have a high regular reflectance so that sunlight incident through the diffuser 11 can be efficiently taken, for example, among the total reflectance, It is preferable to use one having a regular reflectance of 90% or more and a diffuse reflectance of 10% or less. In the case where the reflecting plate 12 is configured to have a light reflecting layer made of silver or a silver alloy, as a method for controlling the ratio of the regular reflectance and the diffuse reflectance to the above range, for example, the surface property of the substrate is set. The method of adjustment etc. are mentioned.

  In addition, a protective film may be formed on the surface of the light reflecting layer made of silver or a silver alloy of the reflecting plate 12 in order to prevent discoloration or dirt. The protective film can be formed using a transparent organic resin material, an inorganic material such as titanium oxide, or the like.

  The thickness of the light reflecting layer made of silver or a silver alloy in the reflecting plate 12 is preferably 0.01 to 0.3 μm, more preferably 0.08 to 0.15 μm, and the light reflecting layer is made of a silver alloy. The silver content in the silver alloy is preferably 95% by weight or more, and more preferably 98% by weight or more.

  Further, it is desirable that the reflecting plate 12 is installed such that the angle β1 with respect to the diffusing plate 11 is preferably in the range of 45 to 70 °, more preferably 45 to 65 °. In particular, when the daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is installed in a place where the solar altitude is high throughout the year, the angle β1 of the reflector 12 is preferably relatively small, while the solar altitude is low throughout the year. When installing in such a place, it is preferable to make the angle β1 of the reflector 12 relatively large. On the other hand, if the angle β1 with respect to the diffuser plate 11 is too small, the amount of sunlight taken in a time zone where the solar altitude is low, such as morning and evening, is reduced, and the amount of light applied to the irradiation surface S may be reduced. In addition, if the angle β1 with respect to the diffusing plate 11 is too large, the amount of sunlight taken in the summer solstice or the south / midtime time zone decreases, and the amount of light applied to the irradiation surface S may decrease. .

  The sunlight taken from such a daylighting unit 10 is guided to the light guide unit 20. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 (A), and 2 (B), the light guide portion 20 forms a duct portion for guiding sunlight taken from the daylighting portion 10 to the light emitting portion 30. As a material for forming the light guide unit 20, a light reflection layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed on the inner surface of the metal plate (the inner surface of the daylighting device 1) as in the above-described reflector 12. The board formed can be used. Further, as a material for forming the light guide unit 20, in order to efficiently guide the sunlight taken in by the daylighting unit 10 to the light emitting unit 30, similarly to the reflection plate 12 of the daylighting unit 10 described above, Of the total reflectance, it is preferable to use one having a regular reflectance of 90% or more and a diffuse reflectance of 10% or less.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A, the light guide unit 20 includes a first straight pipe part having a length L1, a bent part continuous from the first straight pipe part, and a length continuous from the bent part. And a second straight pipe portion having a length L2. That is, a bent portion is formed in the light guide portion 20, and the bent portion is formed in the light guide portion 20, so that the sunlight guide portion diffused by the diffusion plate 11 when being taken in from the daylighting portion 10. By increasing the number of reflections in 20, the degree of diffusion of sunlight diffused by the diffusion plate 11 can be further increased. In the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the bending angle at the bent portion is 90 °, whereby the light traveling direction in the first straight pipe portion having the length L1 and the second straight pipe having the length L2 are set. It is set so that the traveling direction of light in the section is at right angles.

  And the sunlight taken in from the lighting part 10 mentioned above is guide | induced to the light emission part 30 via the light guide part 20. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 (A), and 2 (B), the light emission unit 30 includes a light emission port 31 and a light emission plate 32 that are shown in gray in FIG. The guided light is reflected by the light emission plate 32 provided to face the light emission port 31, so that the irradiation surface S is irradiated through the light emission port 31.

  The light emission plate 32 has a function of reflecting the light guided to the light emission unit 30 and irradiating the irradiation surface S through the light emission port 31, and FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (A), FIG. 2 (B). As shown in FIG. 3, the light guide unit 20 has a curved surface that approaches the light emission port 31 as the distance from the light guide unit 20 increases. Thus, the sunlight guided to the light emission part 30 is made higher by making it the structure which has a curved surface which approaches the light emission port 31 as the light emission plate 32 leaves | separates from the light guide part 20. The irradiation surface S can be irradiated with uniformity.

  Further, as a material for forming the light emission plate 32, a light reflection layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed on the inner surface of the metal plate (the inner surface of the daylighting device 1) as in the above-described reflector 12. A formed plate can be used. In addition, when the daylighting device 1 of the present embodiment is a daylighting device for a closed plant factory, the light reflected by the light emission plate 32 directly hits the plant. It is preferable to have a diffusing function, and it is preferable to use a diffuse reflectance of 0 to 60%, more preferably 0 to 55% of the total reflectance. By setting the diffuse reflectance of the light emission plate 32 in the above range, the light irradiated on the irradiation surface S can be made softer. If the diffuse reflectance is too low, it is difficult to obtain the above-described effect. On the other hand, if it is too high, the reflected light is scattered in a region other than the irradiation surface S, and as a result, the amount of light irradiated on the irradiation surface S. May decrease.

  The light emission port 31 is not particularly limited as long as it can irradiate the light reflected by the light emission plate 32 onto the irradiation surface S, and is not particularly limited, but a highly transparent plate such as a transparent glass plate or a transparent resin plate. Can be configured. Or as the light emission port 31, it is good also as an opening, without providing such a highly transparent board.

  Next, the relationship between the daylighting area D1 in the daylighting unit 10 and the light emission area D2 in the light emission part 30 will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the daylighting area D1 in the daylighting unit 10 and the light emission area D2 in the light emission part 30. As shown in FIG. 4, the daylighting area D <b> 1 of the daylighting unit 10 is an area of the introduction port of the light guide unit 20 when sunlight taken from the daylighting unit 10 is guided from the daylighting unit 10 to the light guide unit 20. Moreover, the light emission area D2 of the light emission part 30 is the area of the light emission port 31. In the daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, when the ratio of the daylighting area D1 and the light emitting area D2 is represented by “lighting area D1: light emitting area D2”, it is preferably 1: 2.5 to 1: 5, More preferably, it is 1: 3 to 1: 4. According to this embodiment, in order to diffuse the sunlight taken in from the lighting part 10 by providing the diffuser 11 in which the haze value is in the predetermined range described above in the daylighting part 10, the light emission area D2 is thus provided. Is larger than the daylighting area D1, the irradiation surface S can be irradiated with a uniform and sufficient amount of light.

  Further, in the daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4, the center of the light guide 20 (ie, the height H of the light guide 20 is 1/2 ×. H is a representative length L of the light guide section 20, and the representative length L of the light guide section 20 is preferably 200 to 400 mm, more preferably 150 to 300 mm. It is considered as a range. Further, the length L1 of the first straight pipe portion of the light guide portion 20 is preferably in the range of 0 to 150 mm, more preferably 50 to 100 mm. Furthermore, since the 2nd straight pipe part of the light guide part 20 is normally provided in the part which penetrates the wall which partitions the outside and the inside of a closed type plant factory, the 2nd straight pipe part of the light guide part 20 The length L2 is generally the same as the thickness of the wall that partitions the outside and inside of the closed plant factory. Specifically, the length L2 of the second straight pipe portion of the light guide portion 20 is preferably in the range of 100 to 400 mm, more preferably 150 to 300 mm.

  In this embodiment, the daylighting device for the closed plant factory is set by setting the length of the light guide unit 20 to be relatively short regardless of the size of the light emission port 31 of the light emission unit 30 as described above. When it is used as, it becomes possible to realize space saving. Further, in the present embodiment, when sunlight is taken into the daylighting apparatus 1, the light is diffused by the diffusion plate 11, and therefore, even when the length of the light guide unit 20 is set to be relatively short, The light irradiated to the irradiation surface S from the light emission port 31 can be made uniform. In addition, in the present embodiment, as described above, the light guide unit 20 is provided with a bent portion, whereby the length of the light guide unit 20 is shortened, thereby reflecting the sunlight diffused by the diffusion plate 11. This compensates for the decrease in the number of times, and as a result, the light irradiated onto the irradiation surface S from the light emission port 31 of the light emission unit 30 can be made more uniform.

  According to the present embodiment, since the diffuser plate 11 having a haze value of 50% or more is provided at the portion of the daylighting unit 10 that takes in sunlight, that is, the light intake port of the daylighting device 1, The light taken in when taking in sunlight can be diffused, and the light taken in can be diffused and guided to the light emitting unit 30 via the light guide unit 20. The light irradiated to the irradiation surface S from the light emission port 31 of the part 30 can have a uniform and sufficient amount of light. Therefore, the daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is uniformly applied to the plants in the plant factory when used as a daylighting apparatus for a closed type plant factory such as a container type plant factory using a refrigerated container as a closed space. In addition, it is possible to irradiate light with a sufficient amount of light, and to grow plants efficiently.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the diffuser plate 11 having a haze value of 50% or more is provided in the portion where the sunlight of the daylighting unit 10 is taken, and thus, when the light is taken into the daylighting device 1, Since the light taken in can be diffused, the light guided to the light emitting unit 30 is diffused in the daylighting apparatus 1 even when the light reflecting layer of the daylighting apparatus 1 is not used. Therefore, the light guide 20 can be formed to be shorter, thereby reducing the size of the daylighting apparatus 1 itself and saving space.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the reflection plate 12 of the daylighting unit 10, the entire light guide unit 20, and the inner surface side of the light emission plate 32 of the light emission unit 30, that is, the inner surface side surface of the daylighting device 1, The light reflecting layer is made of silver or a silver alloy. Since silver has a low reflectance in the ultraviolet region, but has a higher reflectance on the visible light region and a longer wavelength side than the visible light region, according to the present embodiment, the surface on the inner surface side of the daylighting apparatus 1 is By forming with a light reflecting layer made of silver or a silver alloy, even when sunlight taken in the daylighting apparatus 1 is reflected, it can be guided to the irradiation surface S without significantly reducing the amount of light.

  In addition, silver, which has an absorption band near 800 nm and has a low reflectance in the near-infrared region, has a wavelength of 700 to 1000 nm in the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm when sunlight is reflected. It does not attenuate the light in the region. Specifically, in the case where sunlight is reflected twice or more by a light reflection layer made of a silver alloy, the light amount of light in the wavelength range of 700 to 1000 nm out of the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm is set to 50% or more. Can keep. Therefore, according to this embodiment, by forming the surface on the inner surface side of the daylighting apparatus 1 with a light reflection layer made of silver or a silver alloy, the wavelength region of 700 to 1000 nm out of the wavelength region of 400 to 1000 nm. The irradiation surface S can be irradiated without attenuating light. Therefore, when the daylighting apparatus 1 of this embodiment is used as a daylighting apparatus for a closed plant factory, in addition to the light of 400 to 700 nm, which is a photosynthesis effective wavelength range necessary for the photosynthesis of plants, it has a photosynthesis promoting action. It is possible to irradiate a plant with light having a wavelength of 700 to 1000 nm which is a near infrared wavelength region, and thereby it is possible to grow a plant efficiently. The daylighting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment takes advantage of the above characteristics to grow various plants that can be grown in a plant factory, particularly leaf plants (for example, lettuce, spring chrysanthemum, spinach, komatsuna, mizuna, etc.) Can be suitably used for the cultivation of leaf vegetables that are eaten.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment. 6A is a side view of the daylighting apparatus 1a shown in FIG. 5 when viewed in the positive direction in the Y-axis direction, and FIG. 6B is a side view of the daylighting apparatus 1a shown in FIG. It is a top view in the case of seeing.

  The daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment has the same configuration and operation as those of the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the first embodiment described above, and will not be described repeatedly. In addition, in the lighting device 1a which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, the same code | symbol was attached | subjected about the same structure as the lighting device 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment mentioned above.

  As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 </ b> A, and 6 </ b> B, the lighting device 1 a according to the second embodiment includes a lighting unit 10 a, a light guide unit 20 a, and a light emitting unit 30. . As with the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the first embodiment, the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment also takes in sunlight from the outside via the diffuser plate 11 provided in the daylighting unit 10a. The light thus led is guided to the light emitting unit 30 through the light guide unit 20 a, and the guided light is applied to the irradiation surface S by the light emitting unit 30. As shown in FIG. 5, in the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment, the daylighting unit 10a, the light guide unit 20a, and the light emission unit 30 are all Y as in the first embodiment described above. The width in the axial direction is the same for W.

  The daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment mainly differs from the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment described above in the configuration of the light guide unit 20a. That is, in the daylighting device 1 according to the first embodiment, the light guide unit 20 has a bent portion, whereas in the daylighting device 1a according to the second embodiment, the light guide unit 20a includes the bent portion. It has a configuration that does not have a bent portion. That is, the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment has a more space-saving configuration as compared with the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. Moreover, since the lighting device 1a according to the second embodiment has a simpler structure as compared with the lighting device 1 according to the first embodiment, it is possible to reduce the cost for manufacturing.

  FIG. 7A is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of the daylighting portion 10a of the daylighting apparatus 1a shown in FIG. 5. In FIG. 7A, the daylighting apparatus 1a shown in FIG. The figure in the case of seeing from the installed direction is shown. 7B is a front view of the daylighting unit 10a shown in FIG. 7A when viewed in the positive direction in the X-axis direction, and FIG. 7C is a daylighting unit 10a shown in FIG. It is a side view in the case of seeing in the Y axis direction positive direction. 7A and 7B, the diffusion plate 11 is shown in gray.

  As shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, in the daylighting apparatus 1a of the second embodiment, a diffuser plate 11 is provided at a portion of the daylighting portion 10a that takes in sunlight. In addition, as the diffusing plate 11, the same thing as what was illustrated in 1st Embodiment mentioned above can be used.

  In the daylighting apparatus 1a of the second embodiment, the installation angle of the diffusion plate 11 is not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 7C, the angle α2 with respect to the irradiation surface S and the horizontal surface is the above-described first angle. Similarly to the embodiment, the angle is preferably 45 °.

  Moreover, as shown to FIG. 7 (A)-FIG.7 (C), also in the lighting apparatus 1a of 2nd Embodiment, the reflecting plate 12 is installed in the lighting part 10a. As the reflection plate 12, as in the first embodiment described above, a light reflection layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed on the inner surface of the metal plate (the inner surface of the daylighting device 1). Can be used. Further, the regular reflectance and the diffuse reflectance of the reflector 12 can be the same. In the daylighting apparatus 1a of the second embodiment, the angle β2 of the reflecting plate 12 with respect to the diffusing plate 11 is preferably in the range of 45 to 70 °, more preferably 45 to 65 °, as in the first embodiment. It is desirable to install as follows.

  And the sunlight taken in from such a lighting part 10a is guide | induced to the light guide part 20a. As in the first embodiment described above, the light guide unit 20a is a plate in which a light reflection layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed on the inner surface of the metal plate (the inner surface of the daylighting device 1). Can be used. The regular reflectance and diffuse reflectance of the light guide 20a can be the same. As described above, the daylighting apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment is different from the daylighting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment described above, mainly in that the light guide unit 20a is not provided with a bent portion. is there.

  As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 (A), and 6 (B), the light emitting unit 30 is a light emitting port 31 as an opening shown in gray in FIG. 5 as in the first embodiment described above. And a light emission plate 32, and has a curved surface structure in which the light guided to the light emission unit 30 approaches the light emission port 31 as it moves away from the light guide unit 20a from the light guide unit 20a side. By being reflected by the light emission plate 32, the irradiation surface S is irradiated through the light emission port 31. In addition, as a material which forms the light emission board 32, similarly to 1st Embodiment mentioned above, similarly to the reflector 12 mentioned above, on the inner surface side surface (surface on the inner surface side of the lighting device 1) of a metal plate, A plate on which a light reflecting layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed can be used. Moreover, the diffuse reflectance of the light emission plate 32 can be made the same.

  In the daylighting apparatus 1a of the second embodiment, the ratio and size of the daylighting area in the daylighting part 10a and the light emission area in the light emission part 30 may be the same as those in the first embodiment described above. it can.

  Furthermore, in the daylighting apparatus 1a of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the light guide 20a is usually provided in a portion that penetrates a wall that partitions the outside and the inside of the closed plant factory. Therefore, the length L4 of the light guide portion 20a is normally set to be approximately the same as the thickness of the wall that partitions the outside and the inside of the closed plant factory. Specifically, the length L4 of the light guide portion 20a is preferably in the range of 100 to 400 mm, more preferably 150 to 300 mm. In this embodiment, the length L4 of the light guide unit 20a is set to a relatively short length regardless of the size of the light emission port 31 of the light emission unit 30 as described above, thereby allowing daylighting for a closed plant factory. When used as an apparatus, it is possible to realize space saving.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment described above, the portion of the daylighting unit 10 that takes in sunlight, that is, the light intake port of the daylighting device 1a has a haze value of 50% or more. Since the diffusing plate 11 is provided, the light emitted from the light emission port 31 of the light emission unit 30 to the irradiation surface S can have a uniform and sufficient amount of light. And similarly to 1st Embodiment mentioned above, when using the daylighting apparatus 1a of 2nd Embodiment as a daylighting apparatus for closed type plant factories, such as a container type plant factory using a frozen container as closed space, A plant in a plant factory can be irradiated with light uniformly and with a sufficient amount of light, and the plant can be efficiently cultivated.

  Further, according to the second embodiment, similarly to the above-described first embodiment, the diffuser plate 11 having a haze value of 50% or more is provided in the portion of the daylighting portion 10a where the sunlight is taken. Since the incorporated light can be diffused at the stage of being incorporated into the device 1a, the light is released even if the light reflecting layer of the lighting device 1 is not diffused in the lighting device 1a. Since the light guided to the light unit 30 can be diffused, the light guide unit 20a can be formed shorter, thereby reducing the size of the daylighting device 1a itself and saving space. It becomes.

  Furthermore, in the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment described above, the reflection plate 12 of the daylighting unit 10a, the entire light guide unit 20a, and the surface on the inner surface side of the light emission plate 32 of the light emission unit 30, that is, The surface on the inner surface side of the daylighting apparatus 1 is formed of a light reflecting layer made of silver or a silver alloy. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment described above, the light amount can be guided to the irradiation surface S without being significantly reduced. Furthermore, in the wavelength region of 400 to 1000 nm, 700 can be obtained. The irradiation surface S can be irradiated without attenuating light in the wavelength region of ˜1000 nm. Therefore, the daylighting apparatus 1a of the second embodiment is a photosynthesis effective wavelength region necessary for photosynthesis of plants when used as a daylighting apparatus for a closed plant factory, as in the first embodiment described above. In addition to 700 nm light, 700-1000 nm light, which is a near-infrared wavelength region having a photosynthetic promoting effect, can be irradiated to the plant, whereby the plant can be efficiently grown. The daylighting apparatus 1a of the second embodiment takes advantage of the above characteristics to grow various plants that can be grown in a plant factory, particularly leafy plants (eg, lettuce, spring chrysanthemum, spinach, komatsuna, mizuna). It can be suitably used for growing leaf vegetables that eat leaves.

  The embodiment described above is described for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and is not described for limiting the present invention. Therefore, each element disclosed in the above embodiment is intended to include all design changes and equivalents belonging to the technical scope of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

<Example 1>
A closed plant factory including the daylighting apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 was produced, and the produced plant factory was evaluated. In Example 1, a transparent glass plate on which an acrylic resin diffusion film having a haze value of 70%, a total light transmittance of 90%, and a thickness of 80 μm is attached is used as the diffusion plate 11, and the angle α1 with respect to the horizontal plane is The reflector 12 was installed so as to be 45 °, and the angle β1 between the diffuser plate 11 and the reflector 12 was set to 45 °. Further, the reflecting plate 12 of the daylighting unit 10, the entire light guide unit 20, and the light emitting plate 32 and the side plate of the light emitting unit 30 all form a resin layer made of acrylic urethane resin on a steel plate as a metal plate. In addition, a light reflection layer made of silver and a protective film made of an acrylic silicon-based resin are used to form a reflection plate 12 of the daylighting unit 10 and the entire light guide unit 20 with a total reflectance of 95%. Among them, the regular reflectance is 94% and the diffuse reflectance is 1%, and the light emitting plate 32 and the side plate of the light emitting section 30 are also composed of a regular reflectance of 94% and a diffuse reflectance of 1% out of the total reflectance of 95%. did.

The width W in the Y-axis direction of the daylighting device 1 is 450 mm for all of the daylighting unit 10, the light guide unit 20, and the light emitting unit 30, and the length L1 of the first straight tube portion of the light guide unit 20 is 0 mm. The length L2 of the second straight pipe portion is 200 mm, the height H of the light guide portion 20 is 100 mm, and the bent portion has an R100 shape. That is, the representative length L of the light guide unit 20 is 278.5 mm. Further, the length L3 at the light emission port 31 is set to 300 mm, the light emission area D2 is set to L3 × W = 300 mm × 450 mm = 135,000 mm ^2, and the lighting area D1 = H × W = 100 mm × 450 mm = 45,000 mm. ² .

  And the light quantity in the irradiation surface S was measured using the closed type plant factory provided with such a daylighting device 1.

Specifically, the amount of light (photon flux density: μmol / m ² · s) on the irradiated surface S was measured as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the irradiation surface S is divided into 12 regions A1 to A12 with a uniform area, and a photon measuring device is installed in each region A1 to A12, and the morning in each region A1 to A12. The amount of light from 9:00 to 4:00 pm was measured and the integrated value was calculated. Separately from this, the total sky light amount was also measured under the same conditions, and the integrated value was calculated. And based on the integrated value of the light quantity in each area | region A1-A12 and the integrated value of all sky light quantity, the light intake efficiency in each area | region A1-A12 was computed according to the following formula. Moreover, cultivation simulation was performed based on the light intake efficiency calculated according to the following formula. Table 1 shows the results of the light intake efficiency, Table 2 shows the simulation results of the weights of the leaves of the plants to be grown, which are obtained as a result of the cultivation simulation, and Table 3 summarizes these results.
Light collection efficiency (%) of each area A1 to A12 = integrated value of light quantity / integrated value of total sky light quantity in each area A1 to A12

The cultivation simulation was performed based on the correlation between the efficiency of taking light obtained from the cultivation test described below and the weight of the leaves.
That is, in this embodiment, in order to investigate the correlation between the efficiency of taking light and the weight of the leaves, the daylighting devices shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B are manufactured, and the manufactured daylighting device is used. The cultivation test was conducted and the weight of the leaf was measured. The daylighting device was manufactured using a light reflecting plate formed by forming a light reflecting layer made of silver and a protective film made of acrylic silicon resin on a steel plate. In FIGS. 9A and 9B, L1 = 4230 mm, L2 = 770 mm, L3 = 1572 mm, W1 = W2 = W3 = W4 = 500 mm, α = 45 °, and β = 22 °.

  In addition, the daylighting unit for taking in sunlight is provided with a daylighting port made of transparent glass and a reflector for reflecting the light taken from the daylighting port into the daylighting device so that the light taken in from the daylighting port is released. By irradiating the cultivation zone provided with an area of 500 mm x 500 mm from the light opening, and planting twelve Chima Sanchu seedlings that have developed five leaves after 14 days from the sowing date. A cultivation test was conducted. In the cultivation test, the cultivation area was shielded from light other than the light from the daylighting device.

And the photosynthesis quantum flux density (PPFD, mol / m < ² > s) of the light irradiated to a cultivation area was measured with the spectroradiometer (Handy Lambda II, the Spectra Corp company make) light quantity from the cultivation start. . Cultivation was carried out by adjusting the incorporation efficiency calculated from the daily integrated light quantity of the photosynthetic quantum flux density of light to be 5, 10, 15, 20, 30%. After 14 days, the weight of leaves of all the strains was measured, and the average value of the weight of the leaves was calculated. And the graph which shows the relationship between the efficiency which takes in the light obtained as a result of such a measurement, and the weight of a leaf is shown in FIG. In the present Example, cultivation simulation was performed based on such a measurement result.

<Example 2>
In place of the daylighting apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a closed type plant factory including the daylighting apparatus 1 a shown in FIGS. The measurement of the light quantity in the surface S and the cultivation test were performed. In Example 2, a diffusion plate similar to that in Example 1 is used as the diffusion plate 11, and is set so that the angle α2 with respect to the horizontal plane is 45 °. It installed so that angle (beta) 2 with the board 12 might be set to 65 degrees. Moreover, in Example 2, the light guide unit 20a is not provided with a bent portion due to the structure of the daylighting apparatus 1a, the length L4 of the light guide unit 20a is 200 mm, and other conditions are the same as in Example 1. did. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

<Example 3>
Except that the light emitting plate 32 of the light emitting part 30 is embossed on the inner surface, and out of the total reflectance of 90%, the regular reflectance is 40% and the diffuse reflectance is 50%. In the same manner as in Example 2, a closed type plant factory including the daylighting device 1a shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 was produced, and in the produced plant factory, the amount of light on the irradiation surface S was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 described above. And a cultivation test was conducted.

<Reference Example 1>
In place of the daylighting apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a closed type plant factory including the daylighting apparatus 1 b shown in FIGS. 11 (A) and 11 (B) was produced. Similarly to 1, the measurement of the amount of light on the irradiated surface S and the cultivation test were performed. FIG. 11A is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus 1b used in Example 4, and FIG. 11B shows the daylighting apparatus 1b shown in FIG. It is a side view in the case of seeing in the direction. That is, in Example 4, what used the light emission plate of the light emission part 30b parallel to the light emission port was used, and other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

<Reference Example 2>
In place of the daylighting apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a closed type plant factory provided with the daylighting apparatus 1 c shown in FIGS. Similarly to 1, the measurement of the light quantity on the irradiated surface S and the cultivation test were performed. FIG. 12A is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus 1c used in Example 5, and FIG. 12B shows the daylighting apparatus 1c shown in FIG. It is a side view in the case of seeing in the direction. That is, in Example 5, the light emitting plate of the light emitting unit 30c is configured so as to be inclined from the light guide unit 20 side as it is away from the light guide unit 20, and for other conditions The same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

<Reference Example 3>
In place of the daylighting apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a closed type plant factory provided with the daylighting apparatus 1 d shown in FIGS. 13 (A) and 13 (B) was produced. Similarly to 1, the measurement of the amount of light on the irradiated surface S and the cultivation test were performed. FIG. 13A is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting device 1d used in Example 6, and FIG. 13B shows the daylighting device 1d shown in FIG. It is a side view in the case of seeing in the direction. That is, in Example 6, the light emitting plate of the light emitting unit 30d is configured to be inclined from the light guide unit 20a side toward the light guide unit 20a, and other conditions are used. The same as in Example 2. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

<Comparative Example 1>
In the lighting device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a closed plant factory is manufactured using transparent glass instead of the diffusion plate 11, and the irradiated surface is the same as in the first embodiment described above in the manufactured plant factory. Measurement of the amount of light in S and a cultivation test were performed. That is, in Comparative Example 1, the diffusion plate 11 was not used, and other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

<Comparative example 2>
In the daylighting apparatus 1a shown in FIGS. 5-7, instead of the diffuser plate 11, a closed type plant factory is produced using transparent glass, and in the produced plant factory, similarly to Example 1 mentioned above, an irradiation surface Measurement of the amount of light in S and a cultivation test were performed. That is, in Comparative Example 1, the diffusion plate 11 was not used, and other conditions were the same as in Example 2. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

  Table 1 shows the light capture efficiency obtained from the measurement results of the light amounts in the regions A1 to A12 of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and Table 2 shows the measurement results of the weight of the leaves in the cultivation simulation. . Moreover, in Table 3, the average value of the light uptake | capture efficiency in each area | region A1-A12, the uniformity of light quantity, the difference between the maximum value and minimum value of the light uptake efficiency, the maximum value and the minimum of the weight of the leaf in a cultivation test The difference from the value, the number of cultivation plots having a light uptake efficiency of 50% or more, and the number of cultivation plots having a light uptake efficiency of less than 15% are shown.

  As shown in Table 3, in Examples 1 to 3 and Reference Examples 1 to 3 in which the daylighting unit 10 is provided with the diffusion plate 11, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the light amount, and the weight of the leaf The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is small, and it can be confirmed that the irradiation surface S is irradiated with light uniformly. In addition, among these Examples 1-3 and Reference Examples 1-3, the shape of the light-emitting plate 32 of the light-emitting part 30 is released as it moves away from the light-guide part 20 from the light-guide part 20 side. In Examples 1 to 3 having a curved surface approaching the mouth 31, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the light amount and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the leaf weight are particularly small. Neither the cultivation plot where the light intake efficiency is 50% or more and the cultivation plot less than 15% are detected, and it can be confirmed that the irradiation surface S is more uniformly irradiated with light. In addition, when the light taking-in efficiency is 50% or more, it was confirmed from the experimental result for examining the correlation between the light taking-in efficiency and the weight of the leaf described above that the leaf burn occurs. For this reason, it is desirable that the number of cultivation zones where the light intake efficiency is 50% or more is zero. In addition, when the light intake efficiency is less than 15%, the above-described experimental results for examining the correlation between the light intake efficiency and the weight of the leaf may cause the leaf growth failure and the length. Therefore, it is desirable that the number of cultivation zones where the light intake efficiency is less than 15% is zero.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the daylighting unit 10 is not provided with the diffusion plate 11, both the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the light amount and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the leaf weight are large. As a result, the light irradiated on the irradiation surface S became non-uniform.

<Example 7>
In Example 7, in the daylighting apparatus 1a shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, a simulation of a change in the distribution of light applied to the irradiation surface S when the haze value of the diffusion plate 11 is changed was performed. In Example 7, the simulation was performed under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the angle β2 between the diffusion plate 11 and the reflection plate 12 was changed to 60 °. In this simulation, the simulation was performed at a position of about 34 ° north latitude, the day of the summer solstice, and the position of the sun at 11:00 am. The simulation results are shown in FIGS.
FIG. 14 (A): Simulation result with 40% haze value of diffusion plate 11 FIG. 14 (B): Simulation result with 50% haze value of diffusion plate 11 FIG. 15 (A): 60 haze value of diffusion plate 11 FIG. 15B: Simulation result when the haze value of the diffuser plate 11 is 70%. FIG. 16A: Simulation result when the haze value of the diffuser plate 11 is 80%. FIG. Simulation result with a haze value of 90% FIG. 16C: Simulation result with a haze value of the diffusion plate 11 of 100%

  In FIGS. 14 to 16, the range indicated by the arrow in each figure corresponds to the region of the irradiation surface S. 14 to 16, the left side of the drawing corresponds to the light guide unit 20a side. As can also be confirmed from FIGS. 14 to 16, it can be confirmed that the irradiation surface S can be irradiated with uniform light by setting the haze value of the diffusion plate 11 to 40% or more, preferably 60% or more. On the other hand, from the result of FIG. 14A, it can be confirmed that when the haze value of the diffusion plate 11 is 40%, the uniformity of the light irradiated to the irradiation surface S is lowered.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a ... Daylighting device 10, 10a ... Daylighting part 11 ... Diffusing plate 12 ... Reflection plate 20, 20a ... Light guide part 30 ... Light emission part 31 ... Light emission port 32 ... Light emission board

Claims (4)

  A daylighting unit that captures light; a light guide unit that guides the light captured from the daylighting unit; and a light emitting unit that irradiates the light guided by the light guide unit into the room. A daylighting apparatus provided with a diffusion plate of 50% or more.   2. The daylighting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a light reflection layer made of silver or a silver alloy is provided on the inner side.   The daylighting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an angle of the daylighting part reflection plate with respect to the diffusion plate is provided in a range of 45 to 70 °.   The light emission unit includes a light emission plate that reflects light guided from the light guide unit, and a light emission port for irradiating the light reflected by the light emission plate into the room, and the light emission plate includes the light guide plate. The daylighting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the daylighting apparatus has a curved surface that approaches the light emission port as the distance from the light guide portion increases from the light portion side.

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