JP2012254212A - Oral cavity expander - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oral cavity expander for maintaining an oral cavity in an expanded state in order to perform various kinds of medical treatments inside the oral cavity such as a dental treatment, an intraoral treatment, an operation and a surgery.SOLUTION: The oral cavity expander includes a lower jaw member 11 and an upper jaw member 12 roughly in a U shape, brackets 13 and 14 are attached to proximal ends at both ends of the lower jaw member 11 and the upper jaw member 12, and curve parts of the brackets 13 and 14 are turnably connected by hinge pins 15. In the state of opening the upper jaw member 12 relative to the lower jaw member 11, a tension lever 18 attached to the bracket 14 of the upper jaw member 12 is locked to locking recesses 20-22 of the bracket 13 of the lower jaw member 11, and the state that the upper jaw member 12 is opened relative to the lower jaw member 11 is maintained.

Description

  The present invention relates to an oral dilator, and more particularly to an oral dilator that maintains its upper jaw and lower jaw apart from each other for the treatment and treatment of teeth and the oral cavity.

  When performing dental treatment or performing intraoral treatment, treatment, surgery, etc., it is necessary to keep the oral cavity open. Therefore, conventionally, a mouthpiece-type member is inserted between the upper teeth and the lower teeth so as to be bitten, thereby expanding the oral cavity and maintaining the open state.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-282698 provides an opener capable of simultaneously expanding a patient's opening at the time of dental treatment and the lip of a portion that interferes with the treatment, By opening the lip on the opposite side of the bite block with a square hook attached to a spring connected to the bite block to be set, the patient's opening is facilitated and the workability of the dentist's treatment is improved, Since the connecting angle between the bite block and the spring is variable, a dental opener has been proposed in which the mouth ridge can expand any part of the lip.

  Such a dental opener uses the force of a spring to open the mouth, and when the force of the spring is weak, the mouth can be easily closed. On the other hand, when the force of the spring is increased, there is a drawback in that the force in the direction of opening more than necessary is applied to the oral cavity, causing pain to the patient.

JP 2007-282698 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide an oral dilator that can reliably maintain the oral cavity in an expanded state without applying the elastic force of the spring up and down in the oral cavity.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an oral expander in which the oral cavity is opened with a predetermined opening amount.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide an oral dilator that allows the amount of expansion in the expanded state of the oral cavity to be adjusted.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide an oral dilator that can stably perform dental treatment, intraoral treatment, surgery, and other treatments.

  The above and other problems of the present invention will be made clear by the technical idea of the present invention described below.

The main invention of the present application is a lower jaw member that presses the gingival recess outside the lower dentition in the oral cavity,
An upper jaw member that presses the gingival recess outside the upper dentition in the oral cavity;
Maintenance means for maintaining the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member in an open state so as to expand the oral cavity apart from each other;
And the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are related to an oral dilator attached between the lower dentition and the cheek meat and between the upper dentition and the cheek meat, respectively.

  Here, the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member may be coupled to each other by a hinge mechanism so as to be rotatable. The lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are each composed of a U-shaped bar, and brackets are connected to the base ends of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, respectively, and the lower jaw member The bracket of the upper jaw member and the bracket of the upper jaw member may be rotatably connected by a pin to constitute the hinge mechanism. In addition, a tension lever is rotatably attached to one of the bracket of the lower jaw member and the bracket of the upper jaw member, and a distal end portion of the tension lever is connected to the bracket of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. The maintenance means may be configured by being locked by a locking portion provided on the other of the brackets. In addition, a locking portion may be provided at the other plurality of positions of the bracket of the lower jaw member and the bracket of the upper jaw member, and the opening amounts of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member may be adjustable.

  A tension bar is slidably attached to one of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, and the tension bar is provided on the other of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. The maintenance means may be configured to be locked to a stop portion. Alternatively, the base end portion of the lower jaw member and the base end portion of the upper jaw member are integrally connected to each other, and a tension bar is integrally connected between the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. It may be provided to form an integral structure.

Another main invention of the present application is a lower jaw member for pressing a predetermined tooth of a lower dentition in the oral cavity,
An upper jaw member for pressing a predetermined tooth of the upper dentition in the oral cavity;
Maintenance means for maintaining the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member in an open state so as to expand the oral cavity apart from each other;
And the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are respectively outside the lower jaw and on the outer surface of the cheek, and on the outer surface of the upper jaw and mounted on the outer surface of the cheek. It is.

  Here, the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are each configured by a bar curved in a U-shape, a bracket is connected to at least one of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, and the lower jaw member The other of the jaw member and the upper jaw member is pivotally connected to the bracket via a pin so as to be openable and closable, and a tension lever is provided on one of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. The maintaining means may be configured such that it is pivotably attached and a tip end portion of the tension lever is engaged with an engaging portion provided on the other of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. In addition, one or more tooth pressing members are slidably attached to the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, respectively, and the tooth pressing member of the lower jaw member presses the teeth of the lower dentition, The tooth pressing member of the upper jaw member may press the teeth of the upper dentition. Further, the tooth presser member slidably attached to the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member may be movable and adjustable in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the tooth row.

The main invention of the present application is a lower jaw member that presses the gingival recess outside the lower dentition in the oral cavity,
An upper jaw member that presses the gingival recess outside the upper dentition in the oral cavity;
Maintenance means for maintaining the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member in an open state so as to expand the oral cavity apart from each other;
And the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are related to an oral dilator attached between the lower dentition and the cheek meat and between the upper dentition and the cheek meat, respectively.

  Therefore, according to the oral dilator according to the present invention, the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are both opened, and the gingiva recess outside the lower dentition in the oral cavity and the gingiva outside the upper dentition in the oral cavity It is possible to keep the upper jaw member and the lower jaw member open from each other while pressing each of the recesses, and it is possible to safely perform dental treatment, intraoral treatment and surgery.

Another main invention of the present application is a lower jaw member for pressing a predetermined tooth of a lower dentition in the oral cavity,
An upper jaw member for pressing a predetermined tooth of the upper dentition in the oral cavity;
Maintenance means for maintaining the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member in an open state so as to expand the oral cavity apart from each other;
And the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are respectively outside the lower jaw and on the outer surface of the cheek, and on the outer surface of the upper jaw and mounted on the outer surface of the cheek. It is.

  Therefore, according to the oral dilator according to this configuration, the oral dilator comprising the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member is used in a state of being mounted on the outer side of the face, the outer side of the lower jaw, and the outer side of the upper jaw. Therefore, the oral dilator does not enter the oral cavity, and the oral dilator does not get in the way during dental treatment, intraoral treatment and surgery, and blood or the like does not adhere to the oral dilator.

It is a top view of the closed state of the oral dilator of one embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the same oral dilator. It is an external appearance perspective view of the same oral dilator. It is an external appearance perspective view of the state in which the same oral dilator was opened. It is an expanded view of the state which mounted | wore the oral cavity with the same oral dilator. It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the relationship between the same oral dilator and a tooth | gear. It is an external appearance perspective view of the oral dilator of another embodiment. It is a side view of the same oral dilator. It is an external appearance perspective view of the oral dilator of another embodiment. It is a side view of the same oral dilator. It is an external appearance perspective view of the state in which the oral dilator of another embodiment was opened. It is a top view of the closed state of the same oral dilator. It is a side view which shows the use condition of the same oral dilator. It is an expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the attachment structure of the tooth receiver attached to the upper jaw member.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. 1 to 3 show an oral dilator according to the first embodiment. The oral dilator according to this embodiment includes a lower jaw member 11 and an upper jaw member 12 made of plastic having a predetermined strength, for example, polypropylene. Both the lower jaw member 11 and the upper jaw member 12 are formed in substantially the same U-shape. The base ends of both ends of the lower jaw member 11 are connected to the lower bracket 13. Further, the base ends of both ends of the upper jaw member 12 are connected to the upper bracket 14. The brackets 13 and 14 are bent upward and downward so that their base end portions intersect each other, and are connected to each other by hinge pins 15 at the bent portions. That is, the upper jaw member 11 and the lower jaw member 12 can be opened and closed with the hinge pin 15 as a center, as shown in FIG.

  A tension lever 18 is rotatably attached to a side portion of the bracket 14 of the upper jaw member 12 via a pin 19, and a tip side portion of the tension lever 18 is a lower bracket 13 on the opposite side. Are selectively locked to any one of the locking recesses 20, 21 and 22 formed on the upper surface of the plate. As shown in FIG. 2, the opening angle of the upper jaw member 12 with respect to the lower jaw member 11 is determined according to the locking position of the distal end portion of the tension lever 18.

  Such an oral dilator is used for maintaining the oral cavity in an expanded state or an open state, for example, during dental treatment. FIG. 5 shows the expanded state of the oral dilator when used for dental treatment.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the human tooth has intermediate incisors 31, side incisors 32, canine teeth 33, first premolars 34, second premolars 35, and first large teeth constituting the front teeth. One side is constituted by seven teeth of the molar 36 and the second molar 37. Since these are arranged on the left and right, the lower teeth are 7 × 2 = 14. There is a case where a third molar corresponding to the eighth tooth grows in the further back portion of the molar 37. The third molar is called wisdom tooth.

  Next, regarding the upper teeth, the middle incisor 41, the side incisor 42, the canine 43, the first premolar 44, the second premolar 45, the first premolar 46, and the second premolar 47 constituting the front tooth 7 The teeth of the book grow symmetrically, and 7 × 2 = 14. Also here, there is a case where a wisdom tooth grows as the third molar corresponding to the eighth tooth.

  Next, the internal structure of the tooth will be described with reference to FIG. 6, taking the second premolar tooth 35 as an example. The surface of the tooth above the gum is covered with enamel 51 which is harder than any part of the body, whereas the surface of the root of the tooth is covered with cementum 52, which is the tooth and meat. Are connected to a fibrous tissue called periodontal ligament 53. There is dentin 54 inside each of the enamel 51 and the cementum 52. The dentin 54 is much softer than the enamel, so that the worm-eaten teeth that have passed through the enamel 51 spread through the dentin 54 at a stretch. The dentin 54 contains a tooth nerve called a dental pulp 55, which communicates with the outside at the tip of the root of the tooth. The teeth are planted in the jaw bone called alveolar bone 56. Here, the teeth are not directly fixed to the alveolar bone 56, but the fibrous tissue called the periodontal ligament 53 is interposed. This structure is similar to a joint. The gingiva (gum) 57 is a soft tissue protecting the alveolar bone 56. A blood vessel communicates with the alveolar bone 56.

  When the oral dilator according to the present embodiment is used, the lower jaw member 11 is arranged outside the lower fourteen tooth rows 31 to 37 and in the recessed portion 60 outside the gum 57. (See FIG. 6). Further, the upper jaw member 12 is attached to the concave portion of the gum 57 on the outer side of the upper 14 tooth rows 41 to 47 so as to face the lower jaw member 11 in the vertical direction. Then, the upper jaw member 12 is opened with respect to the lower jaw member 11 so as to rotate upward as shown in FIG. 2 (chain line state) and FIG. 4, and the tension lever 18 is opened on the upper surface of the bracket 13 of the lower jaw member 11. To any one of the locking recesses 20-22.

  By adjusting the length of the tension lever 18 and the positions of the locking recesses 20 to 22, the upward rotation angle of the upper jaw member 12 with respect to the lower jaw member 11 is adjusted. The degree of expansion, that is, the opening amount of the mouth can be adjusted. Accordingly, this makes it possible to stably perform dental treatment, intraoral treatment, surgery, and the like with the oral cavity expanded and opened. In particular, dental treatment for children can be performed safely. In addition, the size of this oral dilator is prepared in various sizes according to the size of the oral cavity, and the optimal size is mounted on the patient for use.

  Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the base end side portion of the lower jaw member 11 and the base end side portion of the upper jaw member 12 are connected to each other by a hinge pin 15 so as to be rotatable. The brackets 13 and 14 of the form are omitted. Then, a holding part 64 having a U-shaped cross section of the projecting bar 63 is slidably attached to the upper edge of the lower jaw member 11. The upper end portion of the projecting bar 63 is selectively engaged with the locking recesses 20, 21, and 22 arranged on the lower surface of the upper jaw member 12 and in the vicinity of the base end portion. Thus, the upper jaw member 12 is maintained in an open state with respect to the lower jaw member 11, and the rotation angle of the upper jaw member 12 can be adjusted.

  Even in such a configuration, it is possible to safely perform dental treatment, intraoral treatment, surgery, and the like in a state where the oral cavity is expanded and opened.

  Next, still another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the whole is integrally molded, and the base end side portion of the lower jaw member 11 and the base end side portion of the upper jaw member 12 are integrally connected on both sides thereof. . Further, a tension rod 67 is attached between the lower jaw member 11 and the upper jaw member 12 in an integrally connected state.

  Thus, the oral dilator according to the present embodiment has an integral structure that is continuous as a whole, and has no movable part. The upper jaw member 12 is always maintained in the opened position with respect to the lower jaw member 11. In addition, various types of oral dilators having such an integrated structure are prepared in advance according to the size of the patient's oral cavity, and are appropriately selected and used according to the size of the patient's oral cavity. As for the angle of the upper jaw member 12 with respect to the lower jaw member 11, by preparing a plurality of types of oral dilators in advance, an optimal size and angle can be mounted and used in the patient's oral cavity. Become.

  Next, still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment relates to an oral dilator that is mounted on the outer surface of the jaw of the face that is outside the oral cavity and whose mouth is open.

  The oral dilator of this embodiment also includes a lower jaw member 11 and an upper jaw member 12, both of which are substantially U-shaped (see FIGS. 11 and 12). Brackets 14 are fixed to both ends of the upper jaw member 12, and the lower jaw member 11 is rotatably connected by a hinge pin 15 attached below the bracket 14. The bracket 14 may be attached to the lower jaw member 11 instead of being attached to the upper jaw member 12. Further, in the vicinity of the mounting position of the bracket 14 of the upper jaw member 12, a tension lever 18 is attached to the left and right via a pin 19 so that the distal end portion of the tension lever 18 is the lower jaw member 11. Are selectively engaged with any one of the locking recesses 20-22. At positions where the locking recesses 20 to 22 of the lower jaw member 11 are formed, press plates 72 are attached to both sides thereof. In addition, about the number of engagement recessed parts, it can increase / decrease arbitrarily.

  On the lower jaw member 11, a lower holding frame 75 is attached so as to be slidable along the length direction thereof. A tooth support 76 is fixed to the upper end of the holding frame 75. The tooth support 76 is configured to press any one of the lower teeth 31 to 37 from above. On the other hand, a holding frame 77 is attached to the upper jaw member 12 so as to be slidable along the length direction thereof. The holding frame 77 is provided with a tooth receiving 78 that receives the lower surfaces of the upper teeth 41 to 47, and the tooth receiving 78 presses the bottom of the upper teeth.

  Such an oral dilator is used as shown in FIG. 13, and the lower jaw member 11 and the upper jaw member 12 are respectively located on the outer part of the lower jaw and the outer part of the upper jaw. So that it is worn on the face. Then, the upper jaw member 12 is pivoted upward about the hinge pin 15 with respect to the lower jaw member 11, and the tension lever 18 is lowered at an arbitrary pivot position between the lower jaw member 11 and the upper jaw member 12. The jaw member 11 is engaged with any one of the plurality of locking recesses 20 to 22, thereby maintaining the oral dilator in an opened state. Moreover, the holding frame 75 slidably mounted on the lower jaw member 11 on the lower side is moved to an arbitrary position, and any one of the arbitrary teeth 31 to 37 of the lower dentition is moved by the tooth support 76. Or, for example, the second premolar tooth 35 is pressed. Further, the holding frame 77 is also moved along the length direction of the upper jaw member 12, and one of the teeth 41 to 47 of the upper tooth row, for example, a second one is received by the tooth receiver 78 held by the holding frame 77. The premolars 45 are received as shown in FIG. 14A. Thus, the oral cavity is maintained in an expanded state with the patient's mouth open.

  In such a configuration, since most of the oral dilator comprising the lower jaw member 11 and the upper jaw member 12 is located outside the mouth, the oral dilator is used during oral treatment, treatment, or surgery. It does not get in the way. Such a configuration also makes it difficult for the oral dilator to be contaminated by body fluids, blood, chemicals, etc. during oral treatment or treatment.

  Next, a modification of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 14B. In this modified example, the tooth receiver 78 held by the holding frame 77 is slidable so as to be able to protrude and retract in the left and right directions in FIG. According to such a configuration, the protrusion amount of the tooth receiver 78 can be adjusted according to the lateral dimension in FIG. 14B of the tooth received by the tooth receiver 78, and the dimensions in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the dentition are different. Arbitrary teeth 41 to 47 can be received in an optimum state.

  Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the illustrated embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. For example, plastic, metal, and other various materials are arbitrarily selected for materials such as the lower jaw member 11, the upper jaw member 12, the brackets 13 and 14, the tension lever 18, and the tension rod 63 constituting the oral dilator. It is possible. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, two or more tooth supports 76 and 78 may be attached to the lower jaw member 11 and the upper jaw member 12, respectively.

  The present invention can be used as an oral dilator for maintaining the oral cavity in an expanded state for dental treatment, oral surgery, treatment, surgery, and the like.

11 Lower jaw member 12 Upper jaw member 13 Bracket (lower)
14 Bracket (top)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Hinge pin 18 Strut lever 19 Pin 20-22 Locking recessed part 31 Medium incisor 32 Side incisor 33 Canine tooth 34 1st premolar 35 2nd premolar 36 1st premolar 37 2nd premolar 41 2nd premolar 41 Side incisor 42 side Incisor 43 Canine 44 First premolar 45 Second premolar 46 First premolar 47 Second premolar 51 Enamel 52 Cementum 53 Periodontal membrane 54 Dentin 55 Pulp 56 Alveolar bone 57 Gingiva (Gum)
58 Blood vessel 60 Concavity 63 Strut rod 64 Holding portion 67 Strut rod 72 Presser plate 75 Holding frame (lower)
76 Tooth support (top)
77 Holding frame (bottom)
78 Teeth (top)
79 Sliding holder

Claims (11)

A lower jaw member that presses a gingival recess outside the lower dentition in the oral cavity;
An upper jaw member that presses the gingival recess outside the upper dentition in the oral cavity;
Maintenance means for maintaining the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member in an open state so as to expand the oral cavity apart from each other;
And the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are mounted between the lower dentition and the cheek meat and between the upper dentition and the cheek meat, respectively.   The oral dilator according to claim 1, wherein the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are connected to each other by a hinge mechanism so as to be rotatable.   The lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are each configured by a bar curved in a U-shape, brackets are respectively connected to base ends of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, and the lower jaw member The oral dilator according to claim 2, wherein a bracket and a bracket of the upper jaw member are rotatably connected by a pin to constitute the hinge mechanism.   A tension lever is pivotably attached to one of the bracket of the lower jaw member and the bracket of the upper jaw member, and the distal end portion of the tension lever is the bracket of the lower jaw member and the bracket of the upper jaw member. The oral dilator according to claim 3, wherein the maintaining means is configured by being locked by a locking portion provided on the other of the two.   The latching | locking part is provided in the other several location of the bracket of the said lower jaw member, and the bracket of the said upper jaw member, and the opening amount of the said lower jaw member and the said upper jaw member is adjustable. Oral dilator.   A strut rod is slidably attached to one of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, and the strut bar is provided on the other of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. The oral dilator according to claim 2, wherein the maintenance means is configured to be locked to the mouth.   The base end portion of the lower jaw member and the base end portion of the upper jaw member are integrally connected to each other, and a tension bar is integrally connected between the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. The oral dilator according to claim 1, which is integrally formed. A lower jaw member for pressing a predetermined tooth of the lower dentition in the oral cavity;
An upper jaw member for pressing a predetermined tooth of the upper dentition in the oral cavity;
Maintenance means for maintaining the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member in an open state so as to expand the oral cavity apart from each other;
And the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are respectively mounted on the outer surface of the cheek and on the outer surface of the cheek and on the outer surface of the cheek.   The lower jaw member and the upper jaw member are each composed of a U-shaped bar, a bracket is connected to at least one of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, and the lower jaw member The other of the upper jaw members is pivotally connected to the bracket via a pin so as to be openable and closable, and a tension lever can be rotated on one of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member. The oral cavity according to claim 8, wherein the end of the tension lever is engaged with an engaging portion provided on the other of the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member to constitute the maintaining means. Expansion tool.   One or more tooth pressing members are slidably attached to the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member, respectively, and the tooth pressing member of the lower jaw member presses the teeth of the lower dentition, The oral cavity dilator according to claim 9, wherein the tooth pressing member of the upper jaw member presses the teeth of the upper dentition.   The oral dilator according to claim 10, wherein a tooth pressing member attached to the lower jaw member and the upper jaw member so as to be slidable can be moved and adjusted in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the dentition.

Images