JP2012251560A - Control device of power generation system, power generation system and power generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve fuel efficiency of a main engine, by restraining surplus steam disposed of without being used in a steam turbine.SOLUTION: This power generation system includes a power turbine 7 driven by exhaust gas extracted from the upstream side of a supercharger of the main engine, an exhaust gas boiler (an exhaust gas economizer) 11 for generating steam by using the exhaust gas of the main engine, the steam turbine 9 driven by the steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler 11, and a turbine generator 25 connected to the power turbine 7 and the steam turbine 9, and is characterized by determining output of the power turbine 7 to compensate for a difference between output of the steam turbine 9 and demand electric power, by determining the output of the steam turbine 9 to become steam turbine suppliable output or less, by calculating the steam turbine suppliable output from an operation state of the main engine.

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device, a power generation system, and a power generation method for a power generation system provided with a steam turbine and a power turbine that use exhaust energy of exhaust gas discharged from a main engine such as a marine diesel engine or a diesel engine for an onshore generator. About.

  A portion of the exhaust gas from a diesel engine (main engine) for ship propulsion is extracted and led to a power turbine for use as power generation output, and steam generated by an exhaust gas boiler using the exhaust gas from the diesel engine is used as a steam turbine. There is known a power generation system used as a guidance power generation output. In such a power generation system, an inlet valve that controls the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the power turbine is conventionally an on / off valve.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for recovering exhaust energy as power by introducing a part of exhaust gas of a diesel engine to a power turbine or the like without sending it to a supercharger. In addition, when the exhaust gas enters the power turbine, the amount of exhaust gas is adjusted to reduce the amount of change in the amount of exhaust gas sent from the diesel engine to the supercharger. Adjustment of the amount of exhaust gas entering the power turbine is performed by forming a gas inlet of the power turbine by a plurality of passages and providing a bypass valve in each passage.

JP-A-63-186916

  By the way, in the power generation system described above, since the inlet valve that guides the exhaust gas to the power turbine is an ON / OFF on / off valve, an arbitrary amount of exhaust gas cannot be supplied to the power turbine. Therefore, even if there is a change in the demand power, since a certain amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the power turbine, the output of the power turbine cannot be arbitrarily changed. For this reason, in order to respond to changes in power demand, the output of the steam turbine must be adjusted, and if the steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler exceeds the amount of steam required for the steam turbine, it contributes to power generation. Excessive steam was not discharged (dumped) to the atmosphere. In this case, the steam energy recovered from the exhaust gas of the diesel engine is wasted, and fuel for the diesel engine is wasted.

  On the other hand, although the above-described Patent Document 1 discloses an invention that adjusts the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the power turbine in stages, the power turbine described in the Patent Document 1 is used for power recovery of a diesel engine. There is no disclosure of how to adjust the amount of exhaust gas when the output of the power turbine is used as power generation.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a power generation system control device and power generation capable of suppressing the surplus steam discarded without being used in the steam turbine and improving the fuel efficiency of the main engine It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and a method for controlling a power generation system.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the power generation system control device, power generation system, and power generation method of the present invention employ the following means.
That is, a power generation system according to the present invention includes a power turbine driven by exhaust gas extracted from an upstream side of a supercharger of a main engine, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the main engine, and the exhaust gas In a power generation system comprising a steam turbine driven by steam generated in a boiler, and a power generator and a turbine generator connected to the steam turbine, an output capable of supplying the steam turbine from an operating state of the main engine And determining that the output of the steam turbine is equal to or less than the output capable of supplying the steam turbine, and determining the output of the power turbine so as to compensate for the difference between the output of the steam turbine and the demand power. Features.

Since the steam turbine supplyable output is calculated from the operating state of the main engine and the output of the steam turbine is determined to be equal to or less than the steam turbine supplyable output, the exhaust gas energy obtained from the main engine via the exhaust gas boiler is converted to the steam turbine. Can be used effectively. Therefore, it is possible to prevent as much as possible the disposal of the steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler as surplus steam without using it in the steam turbine. Thereby, the fuel consumption of the main engine can be improved by effectively performing exhaust heat recovery of the main engine. As the steam turbine supplyable output, typically, the maximum steam turbine output obtained from the exhaust gas energy of the main engine is used.
The steam turbine output is determined in relation to the demand power. That is, when the demand power exceeds the steam turbine supplyable output, the steam turbine output is equal to the steam turbine supplyable output or a value near the steam turbine supplyable output (for example, from the demand power to the minimum output of the power turbine). Is a value obtained by subtracting. When the demand power is less than or equal to the steam turbine supplyable output, the steam turbine output is preferably less than or equal to the supplyable output so as to satisfy the demand power.
Further, the output of the power turbine is determined so as to compensate for the difference between the steam turbine output (for example, the fed back current value output) and the demand power. Specifically, the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the power turbine is adjusted so that the remaining load satisfying the demand power is shared by the power turbine. Thereby, the steam turbine can preferentially share the output that the steam turbine can bear with respect to the demand power.
The main engine typically includes a marine propulsion diesel engine.

  Furthermore, according to the power generation system of the present invention, the steam turbine supplyable output is calculated from a load of the main engine.

Since the steam turbine supplyable output is calculated with respect to the load of the main engine, even if the load of the main engine changes, the steam turbine supplyable output can be obtained immediately from the changed load of the main engine. Since the output of the steam turbine can be determined based on the supplyable output obtained in this way, the steam turbine can be operated with good followability to the load change of the main engine.
Moreover, since the load of the main engine reflects the exhaust gas flow rate and the exhaust gas pressure, it is suitable for obtaining a steam turbine supplyable output.

  Furthermore, according to the power generation system of the present invention, the steam turbine supplyable output is corrected by the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the exhaust gas boiler.

  When the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the exhaust gas boiler changes, the amount of generated steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler changes. Therefore, the steam turbine supplyable output is corrected by the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the exhaust gas boiler. Specifically, the supplyable output is increased when the exhaust gas temperature becomes higher than the standard temperature (for example, 300 ° C.), and the supplyable output is decreased when the exhaust gas temperature becomes lower than the standard temperature.

  Further, according to the power generation system of the present invention, the power turbine supplyable output is calculated from the operation state of the main engine, and the output of the power turbine is determined so as not to exceed the power turbine supplyable output. To do.

  Since it was decided to calculate the power turbine's suppliable output so as not to exceed the suppliable output determined from the current operating state of the main engine, it was not necessary to set the power turbine's output excessively. Extraction can be prevented and influence on the operation of the supercharger and the main engine can be suppressed. As the power turbine supplyable output, typically, the maximum power turbine output obtained from the exhaust gas energy of the main engine is used.

  Furthermore, according to the power generation system of the present invention, the power turbine supplyable output is calculated from a load of the main engine.

Since the power turbine supplyable output is predetermined with respect to the load of the main engine, even if the load of the main engine changes, the supplyable output can be obtained immediately from the changed load of the main engine. Since the output of the power turbine can be determined based on the supplyable output obtained in this way, the power turbine can be operated with good followability with respect to the load change of the main engine.
Moreover, since the load of the main engine reflects the exhaust gas flow rate and the exhaust gas pressure, it is suitable for obtaining a power turbine supplyable output.

  Further, according to the power generation system of the present invention, the power turbine supplyable output is corrected by the air temperature at the inlet of the supercharger.

  When the air temperature at the inlet of the turbocharger changes, the exhaust gas energy from the main engine changes because the air density changes, so the power turbine supplyable output is corrected by the air temperature at the inlet of the turbocharger. . Specifically, if the air temperature becomes higher than the standard temperature (for example, 25 ° C.), the air density decreases, so the supplyable output is reduced. If the air temperature becomes lower than the standard temperature, the air density increases, so the supply is performed. Increase possible output.

  Furthermore, according to the power generation system of the present invention, in the power generation system further including the diesel engine for power generation and the diesel engine generator, the output of the steam turbine and the difference between the output of the power turbine and the demand power are supplemented. The output of a diesel engine for power generation is determined.

  When a power generation diesel engine is installed, the output of the power generation diesel engine, the output of the steam turbine (for example, the current value output fed back) and the output of the power turbine (for example, the current value output fed back) and the demand power It was decided to make up for the difference. In other words, the priority for assigning the load to the power generating diesel engine is determined to be after the steam turbine and the power turbine. As a result, the steam turbine and the power turbine are mainly used, and the diesel engine generator can be used to supplement these. Therefore, the start-up time and load of the diesel engine for power generation can be reduced, and the energy generation system as a whole Efficiency can be increased.

  The power generation system of the present invention includes a power turbine driven by exhaust gas extracted from an upstream side of a supercharger of a main engine, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the main engine, and the exhaust gas boiler. In a power generation system comprising a steam turbine that is driven by steam generated at a power source, and the power turbine and a turbine generator connected to the steam turbine, a steam turbine load factor is calculated from a demand power and a power turbine minimum output. And a power turbine load factor from the demand power and the actual steam turbine output, a supplyable output is calculated from the steam turbine load factor and the power turbine load factor, and a steam turbine target output is calculated from the supplyable output. And a calculation unit for calculating the power turbine target output And butterflies.

  Since the steam turbine load factor is determined based on the value obtained by subtracting the power turbine minimum output from the demand power for the output of the steam turbine, the steam turbine output can be determined so as to approach the steam turbine supplyable output. Thereby, the exhaust gas energy obtained from the diesel engine via the exhaust gas boiler can be effectively used in the steam turbine.

  The power generation system of the present invention includes a power turbine driven by exhaust gas extracted from an upstream side of a supercharger of a main engine, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the main engine, and the exhaust gas boiler. In a power generation system comprising: a steam turbine driven by steam generated at a power generator; a power generator, a turbine generator connected to the steam turbine; and a diesel engine generator driven by a diesel engine for power generation The demand power, the diesel engine generator minimum output, and the power turbine minimum output from the steam turbine load factor, The demand power, the diesel engine generator minimum output, and the steam turbine actual output to the power turbine load factor, and the demand power , Steam turbine actual power, and power -The diesel engine generator load factor is calculated from the actual bin output, the supplyable output is calculated from the steam turbine load factor, the power turbine load factor, and the diesel engine generator load factor, and the steam is calculated from the supplyable output. An arithmetic unit for calculating a turbine target output, a power turbine target output, and a diesel generator turbine target output is provided.

  Since the steam turbine load factor is determined based on the value obtained by subtracting the diesel engine generator minimum output and power turbine minimum output from the demand power for the output of the steam turbine, the steam turbine output will be close to the steam turbine supplyable output. Can be determined. Thereby, the exhaust gas energy obtained from the diesel engine via the exhaust gas boiler can be effectively used in the steam turbine.

  Further, the power turbine actual output of the power generation system of the present invention is calculated from a difference between a turbine generator output and the steam turbine actual output.

  The power turbine actual output was calculated from the turbine generator output and the steam turbine actual output. Thereby, it is possible to eliminate the excessive setting of the output of the power turbine.

  In addition, the actual output of the steam turbine of the power generation system of the present invention is calculated from a first-stage pressure of the steam turbine.

  The actual output of the steam turbine can be obtained via a signal line from a pressure sensor provided on the downstream side of the first stage turbine (high pressure turbine) of the steam turbine.

  Further, the power turbine minimum output of the power generation system of the present invention is determined based on an output at a rotational speed at which a clutch connecting the power turbine and the steam turbine is fitted and detached.

  The minimum output at which the power turbine can be stably operated can be determined based on the output at the rotational speed at which the clutch connecting the power turbine and the steam turbine is fitted and removed.

  In addition, a power generation system of the present invention includes the above power generation system control device.

  Since the steam turbine and the power turbine are controlled by the control device described above, it is possible to provide a power generation system that improves the fuel efficiency of the main engine.

  The power generation method of the present invention includes a step of driving a main engine to discharge exhaust gas, a step of driving a power turbine by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine, and the exhaust gas from the main engine to an exhaust gas boiler. A step of introducing steam to generate steam, a step of driving a steam turbine with the steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler, and a step of driving a turbine generator connected to the power turbine and the steam turbine. In the power generation method, the step of calculating the steam turbine supplyable output from the operating state of the main engine, the step of determining the output of the power turbine so as to compensate for the difference between the output of the steam turbine and the demand power, It is characterized by providing.

  The output of the diesel engine for power generation was decided to compensate for the difference between the output of the steam turbine and the output of the power turbine and the demand power. In other words, the priority for assigning the load to the power generating diesel engine is determined to be after the steam turbine and the power turbine. Thereby, a steam turbine and a power turbine can be mainly used, and a diesel engine generator can be used to supplement these.

  The power generation method of the present invention includes a step of driving a main engine to discharge exhaust gas, a step of driving a power turbine by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine, and the exhaust gas from the main engine to an exhaust gas boiler. A step of introducing steam to generate steam, a step of driving a steam turbine with the steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler, and a step of driving a turbine generator connected to the power turbine and the steam turbine. In the power generation method, the step of calculating the steam turbine load factor from the demand power and the power turbine minimum output, the step of calculating the power turbine load factor from the demand power and the actual steam turbine output, and the steam from the supplyable output And calculating a turbine target output and a power turbine target output. The features.

  Since the output of the steam turbine is the step of determining the steam turbine load factor based on the value obtained by subtracting the power turbine minimum output from the demand power, the steam turbine output can be determined so as to approach the steam turbine supplyable output.

  The power generation method of the present invention includes a step of driving a main engine to discharge exhaust gas, a step of driving a power turbine by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine, and the exhaust gas from the main engine to an exhaust gas boiler. Introducing the steam to generate steam; driving the steam turbine with steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler; driving the power turbine and the turbine generator connected to the steam turbine; A step of calculating a steam turbine load factor from the demand power, the diesel generator minimum output, and the power turbine minimum output, and the demand power, the diesel generator minimum output, And calculating the power turbine load factor from the actual output of the steam turbine, and the demand Calculating the diesel engine generator load factor from the electric power, the steam turbine actual output, and the power turbine actual output; and the supplyable output from the steam turbine load factor, the power turbine load factor, and the diesel engine generator load factor. And a step of calculating a steam turbine target output, a power turbine target output, and a diesel generator turbine target output from the supplyable output.

  Since the steam turbine load factor is determined based on the value obtained by subtracting the diesel engine generator minimum output and power turbine minimum output from the demand power, the steam turbine output is set so that the steam turbine output approaches the steam turbine supplyable output. Can be determined.

  According to the present invention, the fuel consumption of the main engine can be improved by suppressing the generation of excess steam.

It is the schematic block diagram which showed the turbine generator of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic structure which showed the control apparatus of the electric power generation system which has a turbine generator shown in FIG. It is the control block diagram which showed a part of control apparatus of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the control block diagram which showed the other one part of FIG. 3 of the control apparatus of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the control block diagram which showed the other one part of FIG. 3 of the control apparatus of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the control block diagram which showed the other one part of FIG. 3 of the control apparatus of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the control block diagram which showed the other one part of FIG. 3 of the control apparatus of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the flowchart which showed the operation | movement flow of the control apparatus of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which showed the load share ratio of the electric power generation system concerning one Embodiment of this invention.

Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a turbine generator of the power generation system according to the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the diesel engine 3 for ship propulsion is used as the main engine.
The turbine generator 1 includes a marine propulsion diesel engine (main engine) 3, an exhaust turbocharger 5 driven by exhaust gas from the diesel engine 3, and diesel extracted from the upstream side of the exhaust turbocharger 5. A power turbine (gas turbine) 7 driven by the exhaust gas of the engine 3, an exhaust gas economizer (exhaust gas boiler) 11 that generates steam by the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 3, and a steam turbine driven by the steam generated by the exhaust gas economizer 11 9 and.

  The output from the diesel engine 3 is directly or indirectly connected to the screw propeller via the propeller shaft. Moreover, the exhaust port of the cylinder part 13 of each cylinder of the diesel engine 3 is connected to an exhaust manifold 15 as an exhaust gas collecting pipe, and the exhaust manifold 15 is connected to the turbine part of the exhaust turbocharger 5 via the first exhaust pipe L1. The exhaust manifold 15 is connected to the inlet side of the power turbine 7 via the second exhaust pipe L2 (extraction passage), and a part of the exhaust gas is connected to the exhaust turbocharger 5. Before being supplied, the air is extracted and supplied to the power turbine 7.

On the other hand, the air supply port of each cylinder part 13 is connected to an air supply manifold 17, and the air supply manifold 17 is connected to the compressor part 5b of the exhaust turbo supercharger 5 via an air supply pipe K1. An air cooler (intercooler) 19 is installed in the supply pipe K1.
The exhaust turbocharger 5 includes a turbine unit 5a, a compressor unit 5b, and a rotating shaft 5c that connects the turbine unit 5a and the compressor unit 5b.

The power turbine 7 is rotationally driven by the exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust manifold 15 via the second exhaust pipe L2, and the steam turbine 9 is supplied with steam generated by the exhaust gas economizer 11. Are driven to rotate.
The exhaust gas economizer 11 is exhausted from the outlet side of the turbine section 5a of the exhaust turbocharger 5 through the third exhaust pipe L3, and discharged from the outlet side of the power turbine 7 through the fourth exhaust pipe L4. The exhaust gas is introduced and the heat exchange unit 21 evaporates the water supplied by the water supply pipe 23 by the heat of the exhaust gas to generate steam. The steam generated by the exhaust gas economizer 11 is introduced into the steam turbine 9 via the first steam pipe J1, and the steam that has finished work in the steam turbine 9 is discharged by the second steam pipe J2 and is not shown. It is led to a condenser (condenser).

  The power turbine 7 and the steam turbine 9 are coupled in series to drive the generator 25. The rotating shaft 29 of the steam turbine 9 is connected to the generator 25 via a speed reducer and a coupling (not shown), and the rotating shaft 27 of the power turbine 7 rotates the steam turbine 9 via a speed reducer and a clutch 31 (not shown). The shaft 29 is connected. As the clutch 31, a clutch that is fitted and detached at a predetermined rotational speed is used, and for example, an SSS (Synchro-Self-Shifting) clutch is preferably used.

  The second exhaust pipe L2 includes an exhaust gas amount adjustment valve 33 that controls the amount of gas introduced into the power turbine 7 and an emergency stop emergency shut-off valve 35 that shuts off the supply of exhaust gas to the power turbine 7 in an emergency. Is provided. Further, when the emergency stop emergency shut-off valve 35 is shut off, a bypass valve is used to prevent supercharging (supercharging exceeding the optimum operating pressure of the engine) to the turbine section 5a of the exhaust turbocharger 5. 34 is provided between the fourth exhaust pipe L4.

Further, the first steam pipe J1 includes a steam amount adjusting valve 37 that controls the amount of steam introduced into the steam turbine 9, and an emergency stop emergency shut-off valve 39 that shuts off the supply of steam to the steam turbine 9 in an emergency. is set up. The opening amounts of the exhaust gas amount adjusting valve 33 and the steam amount adjusting valve 37 are controlled by a control device 43 described later.
As described above, the generator 25 is driven by the exhaust energy of the exhaust gas (combustion gas) of the diesel engine 3 for ship propulsion, and constitutes an exhaust energy recovery device.

  FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of a control device of a power generation system having the turbine generator 1 shown in FIG.

In addition to the turbine generator 1, the power generation system includes a plurality (two in this embodiment) of diesel engine generators 60 separately installed in the ship.
The control device 43 receives a signal from the power sensor 45 that detects the output power of the generator 25, and receives a signal from the rotation sensor 49 that detects the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 29 of the steam turbine 9 as the rotation speed of the generator 25. A signal is being input. Further, an output signal from the diesel engine generator 60 and a signal from the inboard power consumption sensor 51 that detects inboard power consumption are input to the control device 43.

The control device 43 includes a load sharing control unit 53, a power turbine governor unit 55, a steam turbine governor unit 57, and a diesel engine generator 60 governor unit (not shown).
Output instruction signals corresponding to the load factor set from the load sharing control unit 53 are output to the power turbine governor unit 55, the steam turbine governor unit 57, and the diesel engine generator 60 governor unit.

  The power turbine governor section 55 rotates the generator 25 based on a control function based on a set rotational speed droop control (proportional control) according to the output of the power turbine 7 instructed from the load sharing control section 53. A control signal is calculated based on the deviation from the actual rotational speed detected by the rotation sensor 49 so that the target rotational speed is stabilized against the speed fluctuation. Then, the control signal is output to the exhaust gas amount adjusting valve 33, the opening degree of the exhaust gas amount adjusting valve 33 is controlled, and the exhaust gas flow rate supplied to the power turbine 7 is controlled. The rotational speed droop control function is a function that calculates a control amount by applying a proportional gain to the deviation between the rotational speed target value and the current rotational speed that is actually controlled.

  Further, in the steam turbine governor unit 57, as with the power turbine governor unit 55, the rotational speed droop control (in accordance with the output burden ratio of the steam turbine 9 instructed from the load sharing control unit 53 ( A control signal is calculated based on the deviation from the actual rotation speed detected by the rotation sensor 49 so as to stabilize the rotation speed fluctuation of the generator 25 at the target rotation speed based on the control function by the proportional control). The Then, the control signal is output to the steam amount adjusting valve 37, the opening amount of the steam amount adjusting valve 37 is controlled, and the steam amount supplied to the steam turbine 9 is controlled.

Next, details of the control device 43 will be described with reference to FIGS. The control device 43 is divided into five diagrams shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, and a schematic overall configuration of the control device 43 is obtained by combining these diagrams. The power management system 70 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is positioned above when FIGS. 3 to 7 are arranged, and the controller unit 72 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 arranges FIGS. 3 to 7. 3 and FIG. 4, the plant 73 shown in FIG. 7 is located below FIGS. 5 and 6 when FIGS.
The control device 43 is mainly composed of a power management system 70 and a controller unit 72.

3 and 4 show the configuration of the power management system 70. FIG. 3 is located on the left side and FIG. 4 is located on the right side, and signal lines A1 to A8 are connected to each other.
5 and 6 show the configuration of the controller unit 72. FIG. 5 is on the left side, and FIG. 6 is on the right side, and the signal line A9 is connected. 5 and FIG. 6 are in a relationship located below FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 showing the power management system 70, and the signal lines B1 to B9 are respectively connected. 5 shows a diesel engine generator 60 for convenience of illustration, this belongs to the configuration of the plant 74 shown in FIG. In the lower part of FIG. 6, various signals obtained from the plant 74 side are shown.
FIG. 7 shows a plant 74 of the power generation system, and shows the power turbine 7 and the steam turbine 9 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 7 is a relationship located below FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, and the signal lines C1 to C3, B5 and AA, and the power line E1 are connected to each other.

[Steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST)]
A map used when calculating the supplyable output Av (ST) of the steam turbine 9 is shown in a map M1 in FIG. The map M1 is stored in a memory provided in the controller unit 72. The map M1 has a steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST) as a vertical axis and a load (ME Load) of the diesel engine 3 as a horizontal axis, and is created in advance based on design time data and trial operation data. . As the steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST), the maximum steam turbine output obtained from the exhaust gas energy of the diesel engine 3 is used.
The load of the diesel engine 3 is input from the diesel engine load detector 78 (Main Engine Load) of FIG. 5 via the signal line A9, and the steam turbine supplyable output Av from this input value and the map M1. (ST) is obtained. The steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST) thus obtained is output toward the power management system 70 shown in FIG. 4 via the signal line B7.
The steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST) obtained from the map M1 is corrected by the exhaust gas temperature (ECO. GAS Inlet Temp.) At the inlet (upstream side) of the exhaust gas economizer 11 (see FIG. 1). It has become. This is because when the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the exhaust gas economizer 11 changes, the amount of generated steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler changes. Specifically, the supplyable output is increased when the exhaust gas temperature becomes higher than the standard temperature (for example, 300 ° C.), and the supplyable output is decreased when the exhaust gas temperature becomes lower than the standard temperature.

[Power turbine supplyable output (Av (PT))
A map used when calculating the supplyable output Av (PT) of the power turbine 7 is shown in a map M2 in FIG. The map M2 is stored in a memory provided in the controller unit 72. The map M2 has a power turbine supplyable output Av (PT) as a vertical axis and a load (ME Load) of the diesel engine 3 as a horizontal axis, and is created in advance based on design time data and trial operation data. . As the power turbine supplyable output Av (PT), the maximum power turbine output obtained from the exhaust gas energy of the diesel engine 3 is used.
The load of the diesel engine 3 is input from the diesel engine load detector 78 (Main Engine Load) of FIG. 5 via the signal line A9, and the power turbine supplyable output Av from this input value and the map M2. (PT) is obtained. The power turbine supplyable output Av (PT) thus obtained is output toward the power management system 70 shown in FIG. 4 via the signal line B8.
The power turbine supplyable output Av (PT) obtained from the map M2 is corrected by the air temperature at the inlet of the exhaust turbocharger 5 (see FIG. 1). This is because when the air temperature at the inlet of the exhaust turbocharger 5 changes, the air density changes and the exhaust gas energy from the diesel engine 3 changes. Specifically, if the air temperature becomes higher than the standard temperature (for example, 25 ° C.), the air density decreases, so the supplyable output is reduced. If the air temperature becomes lower than the standard temperature, the air density increases, so the supply Increase possible output. Although not shown in the map M2 in FIG. 6, the inlet air temperature of the exhaust turbocharger 5 is input to the map M2.

[Steam turbine actual output ST (kW)]
The actual output (current value output) currently output by the steam turbine 9 is obtained from the map M3 shown in FIG. This map M3 is stored in a memory provided in the controller unit 72. In the map M3, the steam turbine actual output ST (kW) is a vertical axis, and the first stage pressure (FSP) of the steam turbine 9 is a horizontal axis. As shown in FIG. 7, the first stage pressure FSP of the steam turbine 9 is obtained from a signal line AA from a pressure sensor (PT) provided downstream of the first stage turbine (high pressure turbine) of the steam turbine 9. It has come to be obtained through. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the steam turbine plant condenser pressure (Cond Vacuum Press.), Inlet steam temperature (Inlet Steam Temp.), And inlet steam pressure (Inlet Steam Press.) The map M3 is corrected. The actual steam turbine output ST (kW) obtained from the map M3 is output to the power management system 70 shown in FIG. 4 via the signal line B6, and to the arithmetic unit F1 described below. Is output.

[Power turbine actual output PT (kW)]
The actual output (current value output) currently output by the power turbine 7 is obtained from the calculation unit F1 shown in FIG. An arithmetic expression used in the arithmetic unit F1 is stored in a memory provided in the controller unit 72. In the calculation unit F1, as shown in the following expression (1), the turbine generator output STG (kW) obtained from the power sensor 45 that detects the output power of the generator 25 (see FIG. 7) and the map M3 are obtained. The power turbine actual output PT is obtained from the difference from the actual steam turbine output ST (kW).
PT (kW) = STG (kW) −ST (kW) (1)
The power turbine actual output PT (kW) obtained by the calculation unit F1 is output toward the power management system 70 shown in FIG. 4 via the signal line B9.

[Steam turbine load factor R (ST)]
As shown in FIG. 4, the load factor R (ST) of the steam turbine 9 is calculated by the calculation unit F <b> 2 of the power management system 70. The steam turbine load factor R (ST) is obtained by the following equation (2).
R (ST) = [LD (kW)-[DG (min) + PT (min)]] / Av (ST)
(2)
Here, LD (kW) is ship demand power, and as shown in the calculation unit F5 in FIG. 3, the sum of the diesel engine generator output DG (kW) and the turbine generator output STG (kW). Obtained from. DG (min) is the minimum output of the diesel engine generator 60 (see FIG. 5), and means the minimum output at which the power generating diesel engine operates stably. PT (min) is the minimum output of the power turbine 7 and means the minimum output at which the power turbine can be stably operated. Specifically, the clutch 31 that connects the power turbine 7 and the steam turbine 9 is engaged and disengaged. For example, 10% of the rated power turbine.
As shown in the equation (2), the equation for subtracting the diesel generator minimum output DG (min) and the power turbine minimum output PT (min) from the onboard demand electric power LD (kW) is used as a numerator of the calculation equation, so that The required output of the steam turbine 9 is determined preferentially over the engine generator 60 and the power turbine 7 so that the output of the steam turbine 9 can be maximized. Further, by setting the steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST) as the denominator of the arithmetic expression, the required output of the steam turbine 9 is shown as a ratio to the steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST), and the output of the steam turbine 9 is It can be used as effectively as possible.
Further, as shown in the calculation unit F2, the steam turbine load factor R (ST) is set to 1 or less, and the output is not requested beyond the steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST). Further, the steam turbine load factor R (ST) is set to be ST (min) / Av (ST) or more, and an output lower than the minimum output at which the steam turbine 9 can be stably operated is not required.

[Power turbine load factor R (PT)]
As shown in FIG. 4, the load factor R (PT) of the power turbine 7 is calculated by the calculation unit F <b> 3 of the power management system 70. The power turbine load factor R (PT) is obtained by the following equation (3).
R (PT) = [LD (kW)-[DG (min) + ST (kW)]] / Av (PT)
(3)
As shown in the equation (3), by subtracting the diesel generator minimum output DG (min) and the steam turbine actual output ST (kW) from the onboard demand power LD (kW), the numerator of the operation formula is used. In addition to giving priority to the turbine 9, the required output of the power turbine 7 is determined with priority over the diesel engine generator 60, so that exhaust heat recovery of the diesel engine 3 can be performed to the maximum. Further, by using the power turbine supplyable output Av (PT) as the denominator of the arithmetic expression, the required output of the power turbine 7 is shown as a ratio to the power turbine supplyable output Av (PT), and the output of the power turbine 7 is It can be used as effectively as possible.
Further, as shown in the calculation unit F3, the power turbine load factor R (PT) is set to 1 or less, and the output is not requested exceeding the power turbine supplyable output Av (PT). Furthermore, the power turbine load factor R (PT) is set to be equal to or greater than PT (min) / Av (PT), and does not require an output lower than the minimum output at which the power turbine 7 can be stably operated.

[Diesel engine generator load factor R (DG)]
As shown in FIG. 4, the load factor R (DG) of the diesel engine generator 60 is calculated by the calculation unit F4 of the power management system 70. The diesel engine generator load factor R (DG) is obtained by the following equation (4).
R (DG) = [LD (kW) − [ST (kW) + PT (kW)]] / Av (DG)
(4)
Here, the rated output Rate (DG) of the diesel engine generator is used as the diesel engine generator supplyable output Av (DG).
As shown in the equation (4), the steam turbine actual power ST (kW) and the power turbine actual power PT (kW) are subtracted from the inboard demand power LD (kW) as a numerator of the arithmetic expression, thereby obtaining the steam turbine. 9 and the power turbine 7 are prioritized, and the operation of the diesel engine generator 60 is suppressed as much as possible. Also, by using the diesel engine generator suppliable output Av (DG) as the denominator of the arithmetic expression, the required output of the diesel engine generator 60 is indicated as a ratio to the diesel engine generator suppliable output Av (DG). The output of the diesel engine generator 60 can be used as effectively as possible.
Further, as shown in the calculation unit F4, the diesel engine generator load factor R (DG) is set to 1 or less, and the output is not requested exceeding the diesel engine generator supplyable output Av (DG). ing. Furthermore, the diesel engine generator load factor R (DG) is set to DG (min) / Av (DG) or more, and does not require an output lower than the minimum output at which the diesel engine generator can be stably operated. .

[Total available output Ta (kW)]
In the calculation unit F6 shown in FIG. 4, based on the results obtained by the calculation units F2, F3, and F4, the total supplyable output Ta (kW) is obtained by the following equation (5).
Ta (kW) = R (DG) × Av (DG) + R (ST) × Av (ST)
+ R (PT) × Av (PT) (5)

[Steam turbine target output LT (ST)]
As shown in FIG. 3, the target output LT (ST) required for the steam turbine 9 is calculated according to the following expression (6) by the calculation unit F7 using each calculation value described above.
LT (ST) = LD (kW) × [R (ST) × Av (ST)] / Ta (kW)
(6)
The steam turbine target output LT (ST) obtained by the above equation (6) is compared with the steam turbine actual output ST (kW) and then adjusted to a signal of a predetermined frequency by the mixer 81 by the frequency controller 79. Then, it is output as an increase / decrease signal (INC / DEC) to the steam turbine governor 57 of the controller 72 shown in FIG. 5 via the signal line B2.
In the steam turbine governor 57, a control signal is generated based on the droop control described in FIG. 2, and this control signal is output to the steam amount adjusting valve 37 (see FIG. 7) via the signal line C2.

[Power turbine target output LT (PT)]
As shown in FIG. 3, the target output LT (PT) required for the power turbine 7 is calculated according to the following expression (7) by the calculation unit F8 using each calculation value described above.
LT (PT) = LD (kW) × [R (PT) × Av (PT)] / Ta (kW)
(7)
The power turbine target output LT (PT) obtained by the above equation (7) is compared with the power turbine actual output PT (kW) and then adjusted to a signal of a predetermined frequency by the mixer 82 by the frequency controller 79. As a result, an increase / decrease signal (INC / DEC) is output to the power turbine governor section 55 of the controller section 72 shown in FIG. 5 via the signal line B1.
In the power turbine governor section 55, a control signal is generated based on the droop control described in FIG. 2, and this control signal is output to the exhaust gas amount adjusting valve 33 (see FIG. 7) via the signal line C1.
In the power turbine governor section 55, as shown in FIG. 5, the rotational speed (PT RPM) of the power turbine 7 is obtained, and in the vicinity of the rated output of the power turbine (for example, ± several% of the rated output). A function generator 85 for providing a dead band (dead band) is provided. This is provided in order to maintain the stability of the diesel engine 3 so as not to change the target output command of the power turbine even if the rotational speed slightly changes in the vicinity of the rated output. Moreover, by doing in this way, it is supposed that it respond | corresponds with the output change of the steam turbine 9 with respect to the fluctuation | variation of the rating vicinity. Since the steam turbine 9 has better controllability than the power turbine 7, a stable operation as a turbine generator is realized.

[Diesel engine generator target output LT (DG)]
As shown in FIG. 3, the target output LT (DG) required for the diesel engine generator 60 is calculated by the calculation unit F9 according to the following equation (8) using each calculation value described above.
LT (DG) = LD (kW) × [R (DG) × Av (DG)] / Ta (kW)
(8)
The diesel engine generator target output LT (DG) obtained by the above equation (8) is compared with the diesel engine generator actual output DG (kW) and then the frequency controller 79 uses the mixer 83 to obtain a predetermined frequency. And output as an increase / decrease signal (INC / DEC) to the diesel engine generator governor section (not shown) of the diesel engine generator 60 shown in FIG. 5 via the signal line B3.

Next, operation | movement of the control apparatus of the electric power generation system of this embodiment is demonstrated using the flowchart of FIG.
When the predetermined repetition period Δt elapses (step S1), the process proceeds to step S2, and the calculation unit F2 calculates the diesel generator minimum output DG (min) and the power turbine minimum output PT (min) from the inboard demand power LD (kW). The steam turbine load factor R (ST) is determined so that the steam turbine output is reduced. At this time, the steam turbine load factor R (ST) is set so that the steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST) does not exceed.

  Next, it progresses to step S3, and it becomes the power turbine output which reduced the diesel generator minimum output DG (min) and the steam turbine actual output ST (kW) from the inboard demand electric power LD (kW) in the calculating part F3. The power turbine load factor R (PT) is determined. At this time, the power turbine load factor R (PT) is set so that the power turbine supplyable output Av (PT) does not exceed.

  Next, it progresses to step S4, and it becomes the diesel engine generator output which reduced the steam turbine actual output ST (kW) and the power turbine actual output PT (kW) from the ship demand power LD (kW) in the calculation part F4. Then, the diesel engine generator load factor R (DG) is determined. At this time, the diesel engine generator load factor R (DG) is set so that the diesel engine generator supplyable output Av (DG) does not exceed.

Next, it progresses to step S5 and the total supply possible output Ta (kW) is calculated in the calculating part F6.
And it progresses to step S6 and uses the total supply possible output Ta (kW) obtained at step S5, steam turbine target output LT (ST), power turbine target output LT (PT), and diesel engine generator target output LT (DG) is calculated.
In step S <b> 7, a control command is output from the controller unit 72 to the steam turbine 9, the power turbine 7, and the diesel engine generator 60 based on each target output.
Thus, after a series of flow is complete | finished, it returns to "START" again and the same flow is repeated by predetermined repetition period (DELTA) t.

Next, the load sharing ratio of the power generation system of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The horizontal axis of FIG. 9 shows a percentage with respect to the rating of 100% of the onboard power demand. In the vertical axis direction, a power turbine (PT) 7, a steam turbine (ST) 9, a first diesel engine generator (DG1) 60, and a second diesel engine generator (DG2) 60 are arranged from the bottom. The vertical direction of each column means output. The output control described below is an example, and in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the outputs of the power turbine 7, the steam turbine 9, and the diesel engine generator 60 have substantially the same capability, but the set outputs are different. In the system, the control standard of the onboard demand power is appropriately changed to optimize the load sharing.

When the inboard demand power is 0 to 25%, the output of the steam turbine 9 is gradually increased in accordance with the increase in the inboard demand power while minimizing the output of the power turbine 7. Thus, the generation and dumping (release to the atmosphere) of surplus steam is abolished by using the steam turbine 9 preferentially.
When the onboard demand power is 25 to 50%, the outputs of the steam turbine 9 and the power turbine 7 are gradually increased as the inboard demand power increases. In this case, the output of the power turbine 7 increases so as to compensate for the difference between the onboard power demand and the output of the steam turbine 9, and the generation and dumping of surplus steam and dumping (discharge to the condenser) are abolished. Yes. In addition, the first diesel engine generator 60 starts up with the minimum output so as to supplement the onboard power demand.
When the onboard power demand is 50 to 75%, the steam turbine 9 and the power turbine 7 output the rated output at a constant level. The output of the first diesel engine generator 60 is gradually increased in accordance with the increase in shipboard power demand.
When the onboard power demand is 75 to 100%, the steam turbine 9 and the power turbine 7 and the first diesel engine generator 60 output the rated output at a constant level. The output of the second diesel engine generator 60 is gradually increased in accordance with the increase in ship demand power.

The power generation system according to the present embodiment described above has the following operational effects.
The steam turbine load factor R (ST) is determined based on a value obtained by subtracting the diesel engine generator minimum output DG (min) and the power turbine minimum output PT (min) from the ship's demand power LD (kW). Therefore, the steam turbine output can be determined so as to approach the steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST). Thereby, the exhaust gas energy obtained from the diesel engine 3 through the exhaust gas boiler 11 can be effectively used in the steam turbine 9. Therefore, it is possible to suppress as much as possible that the steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler 11 is discharged (dumped) as surplus steam without being used in the steam turbine 9. Thereby, the fuel consumption of the main engine can be improved by effectively performing exhaust heat recovery of the main engine.
In addition, the output of the power turbine 7 is determined so as to compensate for the difference between the steam turbine actual output ST (kW) and the onboard power demand LD (kW). The steam turbine can preferentially share the output that the steam turbine can bear with respect to the demand power, and the generation of surplus steam can be eliminated.

Since the steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST) is predetermined with respect to the load of the diesel engine 3 (see the map M1 in FIG. 6), even if the load of the diesel engine 3 changes, the changed diesel engine 3 A steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST) can be obtained immediately from the load. Since the output of the steam turbine 9 can be determined based on the supplyable output Av (ST) obtained in this way, the steam turbine 9 can be operated with good followability with respect to the load change of the diesel engine 3.
Further, since the load of the diesel engine 3 reflects the exhaust gas flow rate and the exhaust gas pressure, it is suitable for obtaining a steam turbine supplyable output Av (ST).

  Since the output of the power turbine 7 is determined so as not to exceed the power turbine supplyable output Av (PT) determined from the current operation state of the diesel engine 3, the output of the power turbine 7 is set excessively. Therefore, excessive exhaust gas extraction can be prevented and the influence on the operation of the exhaust turbocharger 5 and the diesel engine 3 can be suppressed.

Since the power turbine supplyable output Av (PT) is determined in advance with respect to the load of the diesel engine 3, even if the load of the diesel engine 3 changes, the output Av that can be supplied immediately from the changed load of the diesel engine 3 (PT) can be obtained. Since the output of the power turbine 7 can be determined based on the suppliable output Av (PT) obtained in this way, the power turbine 7 can be operated with good followability to the load change of the diesel engine 3.
Moreover, since the load of the diesel engine 3 reflects the exhaust gas flow rate and the exhaust gas pressure, it is suitable for obtaining a power turbine supplyable output Av (PT).

  The output of the diesel engine generator 60 is determined so as to compensate for the difference between the steam turbine actual output ST (kW) and the power turbine actual output PT (kW) and the inboard demand power LD (kW). In other words, the priority order for the diesel engine generator 60 to share the load is determined to be after the steam turbine 9 and the power turbine 7. As a result, the steam turbine 9 and the power turbine 7 are mainly used, and the diesel engine generator 60 can be used to compensate for them, so that the start-up time and load of the power generating diesel engine can be reduced, and the power generation system Overall, energy efficiency can be increased.

In addition, although this embodiment demonstrated the electric power generation system used for a ship, it can also be used as an onshore electric power generation system.
Moreover, although it was set as the embodiment provided with the diesel engine generator as a power generation system, it is also applicable to the power generation system which abbreviate | omitted the diesel engine generator.
In addition, the steam turbine output is controlled so as to suppress the release of surplus steam. However, if some surplus steam is allowed to be generated, the steam turbine output is controlled so that a predetermined amount of surplus steam is allowed. It is also good to do.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Turbine generator 3 Diesel engine 5 Exhaust turbocharger 7 Power turbine 9 Steam turbine 11 Exhaust gas economizer (exhaust gas boiler)
25 Generator 33 Exhaust gas amount adjusting valve 37 Steam amount adjusting valve 43 Control device 60 Diesel engine generator

Claims (16)

Power turbine driven by the exhaust gas extracted from the upstream side of the turbocharger of the main engine, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the main engine, and driven by the steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler A power generation system comprising: a steam turbine; and a power generator and a turbine generator connected to the steam turbine,
The steam turbine supplyable output is calculated from the operating state of the main engine, the output of the steam turbine is determined to be equal to or less than the steam turbine supplyable output, and the difference between the output of the steam turbine and the demand power is compensated. And determining an output of the power turbine.   The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the steam turbine supplyable output is calculated from a load of the main engine.   The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the steam turbine supplyable output is corrected by an exhaust gas temperature at an inlet of the exhaust gas boiler.   The power turbine supplyable output is calculated from the operating state of the main engine, and the output of the power turbine is determined so as not to exceed the power turbine supplyable output. Power generation system.   The power generation system according to claim 4, wherein the power turbine supplyable output is calculated from a load of the main engine.   The power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the power turbine supplyable output is corrected by an air temperature at an inlet of the supercharger. Furthermore, in a power generation system equipped with a diesel engine for power generation and a diesel engine generator,
The power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the output of the diesel engine for power generation is determined so as to compensate for the difference between the output of the steam turbine and the output of the power turbine and demand power. Power turbine driven by the exhaust gas extracted from the upstream side of the turbocharger of the main engine, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the main engine, and driven by the steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler A power generation system comprising: a steam turbine; and a power generator and a turbine generator connected to the steam turbine,
From demand power and power turbine minimum output to steam turbine load factor,
Calculate the power turbine load factor from the demand power and the actual output of the steam turbine,
A power generation system comprising: a calculation unit that calculates a supplyable output from the steam turbine load factor and the power turbine load factor, and calculates a steam turbine target output and a power turbine target output from the supplyable output . Power turbine driven by the exhaust gas extracted from the upstream side of the turbocharger of the main engine, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the main engine, and driven by the steam generated by the exhaust gas boiler A power generation system comprising a steam turbine, a power generator and a turbine generator connected to the steam turbine, and a diesel engine generator driven by a diesel engine for power generation.
The demand power, the diesel engine generator minimum output, and the power turbine minimum output from the steam turbine load factor, and the demand power, the diesel engine generator minimum output, and the steam turbine actual output to the power turbine load factor, and the demand power, Calculate the diesel engine generator load factor from the actual output of the steam turbine and the actual output of the power turbine,
Calculate the supplyable output from the steam turbine load factor, the power turbine load factor, and the diesel engine generator load factor,
A power generation system comprising: a calculation unit that calculates a steam turbine target output, a power turbine target output, and a diesel generator turbine target output from the supplyable output.   The power generation system according to claim 9, wherein the power turbine actual output is calculated from a difference between a turbine generator output and the steam turbine actual output.   The power generation system according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the actual output of the steam turbine is calculated from a first-stage pressure of the steam turbine.   12. The power generation system according to claim 8, wherein the minimum power turbine output is determined based on an output at a rotational speed at which a clutch connecting the power turbine and the steam turbine is engaged and disengaged. .   The control apparatus of the electric power generation system described in any one of Claim 1 to 12. A step of driving a main engine to discharge exhaust gas, a step of driving a power turbine by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine, a step of introducing steam into the exhaust gas boiler to generate steam A power generation method comprising: a step of driving a steam turbine with steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler; and a step of driving a turbine generator connected to the power turbine and the steam turbine.
Calculating a steam turbine supplyable output from the operating state of the main engine;
Determining the output of the power turbine so as to compensate for the difference between the output of the steam turbine and the demand power. A step of driving a main engine to discharge exhaust gas, a step of driving a power turbine by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine, a step of introducing steam into the exhaust gas boiler to generate steam A power generation method comprising: a step of driving a steam turbine with steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler; and a step of driving a turbine generator connected to the power turbine and the steam turbine.
Calculating the steam turbine load factor from the demand power and the power turbine minimum output;
Calculating the power turbine load factor from the demand power and the actual output of the steam turbine;
And a step of calculating a steam turbine target output and a power turbine target output from the supplyable output. A step of driving a main engine to discharge exhaust gas, a step of driving a power turbine by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine, a step of introducing steam into the exhaust gas boiler to generate steam A step of driving a steam turbine with steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler, a step of driving a turbine generator connected to the power turbine and the steam turbine, and a step of driving a diesel generator. In the power generation method
Calculating the steam turbine load factor from the demand power, diesel generator minimum output, and power turbine minimum output;
Calculating a power turbine load factor from the demand power, the diesel generator minimum output, and the actual steam turbine output;
Calculating the diesel engine generator load factor from the demand power, steam turbine actual output, and power turbine actual output;
Calculating a supplyable output from the steam turbine load factor, the power turbine load factor, and the diesel engine generator load factor;
And a step of calculating a steam turbine target output, a power turbine target output, and a diesel generator turbine target output from the supplyable output.

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