JP2012246500A - Friction control method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for controlling friction to lubricate an internal engine.SOLUTION: The method for lubricating an internal engine containing at least one of a crank case, a gear and a wet clutch includes a step of feeding a lubricating composition containing (a) an oil having a lubricating viscosity, (b) a boron-containing compound, and (c) a friction regulating agent to the crank case, the gear and the wet clutch. A method is advantageous if there is the method for lubricating an internal engine having at least one of a crank case, a gear, a change gear system and a wet clutch. The present invention provides the method for lubricating an internal engine while controlling the friction.

Description

(Field of Invention)
The present invention relates to a friction control method by lubricating an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet clutch with a lubricating composition.

(Background of the Invention)
It is known that attempts have been made to produce lubricants that are universally compatible with 2-stroke and / or 4-stroke internal combustion engines. These lubricants generally contain a number of different performance additives such as, for example, 4-stroke motorcycle engines (in this case the viscosity of the crankcase oil is required, but also the gearbox, It is not necessarily designed for use in applications that also require extreme pressure and temperature characteristics associated with the machine or clutch. As a result, many additives have properties that adversely affect engine performance or fuel economy.

  Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a borate dispersant used in combination with a detergent or zinc dithiophosphate because it is suitable for friction control. Kasai et al. Further state that engine oils containing friction modifiers are not applicable in 4-stroke motorcycle engines because they reduce clutch performance.

  U.S. Patent No. 6,057,031 discloses compositions containing a borated hydrocarbyl succinimide dispersant and a phosphorus compound for use in 2-cycle and small engine 4-cycle engines.

US Pat. No. 6,525,004

Kasai et al., 2003 JSAE / SAE International Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Yokohama, Japan, May 19-22, 2003, paper title “Effect of Engine Oil Addi 01

  It would be advantageous to have a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with at least one of a crankcase, gear, transmission system and wet clutch while providing friction control. The present invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine while providing friction control.

(Summary of the Invention)
The present invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine that includes a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet clutch, the method comprising the following in the crankcase and at least one of the gear and the wet clutch: Supplying a lubricating composition: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a boron-containing compound; and (c) a friction modifier.

(Detailed description of the invention)
The present invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine that includes a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet clutch, the method comprising the following in the crankcase and at least one of the gear and the wet clutch: Supplying a lubricating composition: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a boron-containing compound; and (c) a friction modifier.

(Internal combustion engine)
The internal combustion engine of the present invention includes a crankcase, a gear, and a wet clutch. If desired, the internal combustion engine further includes a manual or automatic transmission. In one embodiment, the gear is derived from a gearbox.

  As used herein, the term “wet clutch” refers to a clutch plate that is immersed or sprayed with a lubricant, such as that of a transmission, where lubricating oil enters between the plates. As known to those skilled in the art.

  In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine has a common oil reservoir that supplies the same lubricating composition to the crankcase and at least one of the gear and the wet clutch. In certain embodiments, the lubricating composition may be applied to the crankcase and gear (or multiple gears), to the crankcase and wet clutch, or to both the crankcase and gear (or gears) and wet clutch. And supplied to.

  In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is a 4-stroke engine. In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is also commonly referred to as a small engine.

This small engine has an output of 2.24-18.64 kW (3-25 hp (hp)) in one embodiment and 2.98-4.53 kW (4-6 hp) in another embodiment. In another embodiment, the displacement is 100 or 200 cm ³ . Examples of small engines include household / garden tools (eg, lawn mowers, hedge trimmers, chainsaws, snow plows or roto-tillers).

In one embodiment the internal combustion engine, the exhaust amount of up to 3500 cm ^3, in another embodiment, the exhaust amount of up to 2500 cm ^3, in another embodiment, an exhaust amount of the performance of up to 2000 cm ^3. Suitable internal combustion engines with displacement capabilities up to 2500 cm ³ include motorcycles, snowmobiles, jet skis, quad-bikes, or all-terrain vehicles. In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is a tractor or other agricultural vehicle (eg, a combine).

  In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is a tractor or other agricultural vehicle. In another embodiment, the internal combustion engine does not include a dry clutch, i.e., a system that separates the engine from a transmission (e.g., an automobile transmission). In another embodiment, the internal combustion engine is not suitable for use with diesel fuel.

  In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is a 4-stroke engine. In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is suitable for a motorcycle (eg, a motorcycle with a 4-stroke internal combustion engine).

(Oil with lubricating viscosity)
The lubricating compositions include natural or synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity; oils derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, hydrofinishing; and unrefined, refined and rerefined oils, and mixtures thereof. It is done.

  Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils and mixtures thereof. Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils, silicon base oils, and liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids. Synthetic oils can be produced not only by Fischer-Tropsch gas-liquid synthesis procedures, but also by other gas-liquid oils. In one embodiment, the polymer composition of the present invention is useful when used in a gas-liquid oil. Often Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes can be hydroisomerized.

  In one embodiment, the base oil comprises polyalphaolefins (PAO) (PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7 or PAO-8) )). The polyalphaolefin is prepared in one embodiment from dodecane and in another embodiment from decene.

  Oils of lubricating viscosity can also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. In one embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V, Group VI oil or mixtures thereof, in another embodiment, an API. Includes Group II, Group III, Group IV oils or mixtures thereof. If the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V or Group VI oil, up to about 40% by weight of the lubricant, in another embodiment, Up to about 5% by weight of API Group I oil may be present.

  In one embodiment, the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity rating of XW-Y, where X is an integer from 0-20 and Y is an integer from 20-50.

  In one embodiment, X is selected from the integers 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20.

  In one embodiment, Y is selected from an integer of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50.

  The oil of lubricating viscosity is in one embodiment 40% to 99.98% by weight of the lubricating composition, and in another embodiment 90% to 99.87% by weight of the lubricating composition. In this embodiment, it is present at 69% to 98.85% by weight of the lubricating composition.

(Boron-containing compounds)
The boron-containing compounds of the present invention include boric acid esters, boric acid ester alcohols, borate dispersants or mixtures thereof.

  The boron-containing compound, in one embodiment, is 0.01% to 20% by weight of the lubricating composition, in another embodiment, 0.1% to 10%, in another embodiment, 1%. % To 8% by weight.

(Borate ester or borate ester alcohol)
In one embodiment, the boron-containing compound is a borate ester or borate ester alcohol. The borate ester or borate ester alcohol compound is substantially the same except that the borate ester alcohol has at least one hydroxyl group that is not esterified. Thus, as used herein, the term “borate ester” is used to mean either borate ester or borate ester alcohol.

  The borate ester can be prepared by reacting a boron compound with at least one compound selected from an epoxy compound, a halohydrin compound, an epihalohydrin compound, an alcohol, and mixtures thereof. These alcohols include monohydric alcohols, dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols, provided that for one embodiment, the hydroxyl group is on an adjacent carbon atom, ie, in close proximity. is doing. Hereinafter, when referring to “at least one compound selected from epoxy compounds, halohydrin compounds, epihalohydrin compounds, alcohols and mixtures thereof”, “epoxy compounds” are used.

Boron compounds suitable for preparing this borate ester include various forms, which include boric acid (metaboric acid HBO ₂ , orthoboric acid H ₃ BO ₃ and tetraboric acid H ₂ B ₄ O ₇ . Selected from the group consisting of boron oxide, boron trioxide and alkyl borate. The borate ester can also be prepared from a boron halide.

  In one embodiment, the borate ester is formed by reaction of a boron compound with an epoxy compound, dihydric alcohol, trihydric alcohol or higher alcohol. The borate ester may be represented by at least one of formulas (I)-(VI):

ここで、各Ｒは、このホウ酸エステルが油溶性であるという条件で、水素またはヒドロカルビル基であり得る。

Here, each R can be a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group, provided that the borate ester is oil soluble.

  In one embodiment, per one of the above formulas, at least two of the R groups are hydrocarbyl groups. These hydrocarbyl groups are alkyl or aryl groups, or cyclic groups, where two adjacent R groups are linked within the ring. When R is alkyl, the group can be saturated or unsaturated. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl group is an unsaturated alkyl. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl group is cyclic. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl group is a mixture of alkyl and cycloalkyl.

  In general, there is no upper limit to the number of carbon atoms on the molecule, but practical limits are 500 in one embodiment, 400 in another embodiment, 200 in another embodiment, In another embodiment, 100, in another embodiment, 60. For example, the number of carbon atoms present in each R is 1 to 60, 1 to 40, or 1 to 30 carbon atoms provided that the total number of carbon atoms on the R group Is 9 or more in one embodiment, 10 or more in another embodiment, 12 or more in another embodiment, 14 or more in another embodiment .

  In one embodiment, all R groups are hydrocarbyl groups containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms provided that the total number of carbon atoms is 9 or more.

  In one embodiment, the boron-containing compound is represented by formula (I) above. In this embodiment, the borate ester of formula (I) contains 3 hydrocarbyl R groups, each in one embodiment 1 to 8 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 2 to 7 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 3 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms on the R group is 4 or more, 6 or more Or more or 8 or more.

  Examples of R groups are isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, amyl, 2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, isooctyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl , Dodecenyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl groups.

  Epoxy compounds useful for preparing the borate esters of the present invention include materials that can be represented by formula (VIIa) or (VIIb):

ここで、
Ｒ^１は、１実施態様では、１個〜４個または１個〜２個の炭素原子を含有するアルキル鎖、別の実施態様では、水素である；
Ｒ^２は、８個〜３０個または１０個〜２６個または１２個〜２２個の炭素原子を含有するアルキル鎖である；そして
Ｔは、別個に、水素またはハロゲンである。

here,
R ¹ is in one embodiment an alkyl chain containing 1 to 4 or 1 to 2 carbon atoms, in another embodiment hydrogen.
R ² is an alkyl chain containing 8 to 30 or 10 to 26 or 12 to 22 carbon atoms; and T is independently hydrogen or halogen.

  In one embodiment, T is a halogen (eg, chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine) or a mixture thereof, and these epoxy compounds are epihalohydrin compounds. In one embodiment, T is chlorine. In one embodiment, T is hydrogen.

In one embodiment, the epoxy compounds of the present invention include C ₁₄ -C ₁₆ epoxides or commercial mixtures of C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ epoxides. In one embodiment, the epoxy compound of the present invention is purified. Examples of suitable purified epoxy compounds include 1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxyundecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytridecane, 1,2-epoxybutadecane, 1,2, Mention may be made of epoxypentadecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,2-epoxyoctadecane, 1,2-epoxynonadecane and 1,2-epoxyicosane. In embodiments, the purified epoxy compound includes 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,2-epoxyoctadecane. In one embodiment, the purified epoxy compound includes 1,2-epoxyhexadecane.

  In one embodiment, these dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols contain 2 to 30, 4 to 26 or 6 to 20 carbon atoms. These alcohol compounds may include glycerol compounds such as glycerol monooleate.

  The borate ester can be obtained by blending a boron compound and an epoxy compound or the above alcohol and making them at an appropriate temperature (for example, 80 ° C to 250 ° C, 90 ° C to 240 ° C or 100 ° C to 230 ° C) It can be prepared by heating until the desired reaction occurs. The molar ratio of the boron compound to the epoxy compound is typically 4: 1 to 1: 4, 1: 1 to 1: 3, or about 1: 2. In carrying out this reaction, an inert liquid can be used. This liquid can be, for example, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dimethylformamide and mixtures thereof. Typically, water is formed and is distilled off during the reaction. Alkaline reagents can be used to catalyze this reaction.

  In one embodiment, suitable borate ester compounds include tripropyl borate, tributyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, triheptyl borate, trioctyl borate, trinonyl borate and tridecyl borate.

  In one embodiment, these borate ester compounds include tributyl borate, tri-2-ethylhexyl borate, or mixtures thereof.

(Borate dispersant)
In another embodiment, the boron-containing compound is a borate dispersant, which is typically derived from an N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide. The N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides have various chemical structures and two exemplary formulas include the following:

ここで、
各Ｒ^３は、別個に、アルキル基である；
各Ｒ^４は、アルキレン基である；そして
各繰り返し単位ｘは、１〜２０、１〜１５または１〜１０の整数である。

here,
Each R ³ is independently an alkyl group;
Each R ⁴ is an alkylene group; and each repeating unit x is an integer from 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10.

In one embodiment, R ³ is a polyisobutyl group having a number average molecular weight of 350-5000, or 500-3000 or 550-1500 (eg, 550, 750 or 950-1000, or 1500-2500). In one embodiment, R ³ is further substituted with additional succinimide functionality.

In one embodiment, R ⁴ is an ethylene (C ₂ H ₄ ) group.

This N-substituted long-chain alkenyl succinimide is borated using various reagents, and in the above formula (I) or (VI), boric acid (metaboric acid (HBO ₂ ), orthoboric acid) (Including H ₃ BO ₃ ) and tetraboric acid (H ₂ B ₄ O ₇ ), boron oxide, boron trioxide, and alkyl borate. In one embodiment, the borated agent is boric acid, which can be used alone or in combination with other borated agents.

  The borated dispersant is obtained by blending a boron compound and an N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide and bringing them to a suitable temperature (eg, 80 ° C. to 250 ° C., 90 ° C.) until the desired reaction occurs. -230 ° C or 100 ° C-210 ° C). The molar ratio of these boron compounds to N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides is 10: 1 to 1: 4 in one embodiment, 4: 1 to 1: 3 in another embodiment, and in another embodiment. 1: 2. In carrying out this reaction, an inert liquid may be used. This liquid may include toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dimethylformamide or mixtures thereof.

(Friction modifier)
The friction modifier of the present invention includes molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum thiophosphate, long chain aliphatic esters or mixtures thereof.

  In one embodiment, the friction modifier is from 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% of the lubricating composition, in another embodiment, from 0.02 wt% to 5 wt%, in another embodiment, from 0.02 wt%. It is present at from 5% to 3% by weight.

(Long chain aliphatic ester)
In one embodiment, the friction modifier is a long chain aliphatic ester. In another embodiment, the long chain aliphatic ester is a monoester, and in another embodiment, the long chain aliphatic ester is a (tri) glyceride.

  The long chain aliphatic esters or glycerides, in one embodiment, are derived from fatty acids, which are a class of compounds that contain long hydrocarbon chains and terminal carboxylate groups, and are characterized as unsaturated or saturated. It is done. In one embodiment, the long chain aliphatic ester is derived from the reaction of a long chain fatty acid with an alcohol.

  These long chain fatty acid compounds can be saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, acyclic or aryl. When aliphatic, these long chain fatty acid compounds may have a hydrocarbyl group that is linear or branched. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl group is a linear group. In one embodiment, these long chain fatty acid compounds contain 12 to 24 carbon atoms, for example a mixture of carboxylic acids containing 14 to 20 or 16 to 18 carbon atoms. . In one embodiment, the aliphatic carboxylic acid contains a linear hydrocarbyl group. Such acids can be used in combination with acids having more or fewer carbon atoms.

  Examples of unsaturated long chain fatty acid compounds include carboxylic acids such as myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid. Examples of saturated fatty acids include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid or mixtures thereof.

  Typically, the alcohol is a polyol, which includes diols, triols, and alcohols with higher alcohol OH groups (these are often referred to as polyhydric alcohols). Polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol (including di, tri, and tetraethylene glycol); propylene glycol (including di, tri, and tetrapropylene glycol); glycerin; butanediol; hexanediol; sorbitol; arabitol; mannitol; Sucrose; fructose; glucose; cyclohexanediol; erythritol; and pentaerythritol (including di and tripentaerythritol). In one embodiment, the polyol includes diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol.

  In one embodiment, the friction modifier is a monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid. In one embodiment, the monoester is glycerol monooleate. Glycerol monooleate, like other such materials, is a mixture in its commercial grade, such as glycerol, oleic acid, other long chain acids, glycerol dioleate and glycerol trioleate. It should be understood that the substance is contained. This commercial material is believed to contain about 60 ± 5 weight percent of the species “glycerol monooleate” along with 35 ± 5 weight percent glycerol dioleate and less than about 5 weight percent trioleate and oleic acid. Yes. The amounts of these monoesters (below) are those of commercial grade materials.

  In one embodiment, the monoester of polyol and aliphatic carboxylic acid is in the form of a mixture of sunflower oil, which, in one embodiment, is 5 to 95 of the mixture in the friction modifier mixture. % In another embodiment, 10 to 90% by weight, in another embodiment 20 to 85% by weight, in another embodiment 20 to 80% by weight.

  In one embodiment, the long chain fatty acid ester may be tallow oil, lard oil, palm oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, whale oil, menhaden oil, sardine oil, or It is coconut oil, palm kernel oil, babassu oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil or linseed oil.

(Molybdenum dithiocarbamate)
In one embodiment, the friction modifier is molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC). Specific examples of MoDTC include commercially available materials such as Vanlube (TM) 822 and Polyvan (TM) A (from RT Vanderbilt Co., Ltd.), and Adeka Sakura-Lube (TM) S-100, S-165 and S-600 (Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) are mentioned. Other molybdenum dithiocarbamates are described in Ward US Pat. No. 4,846,983; de Vries et al. US Pat. No. 4,265,773 and Inoue et al. US Pat. No. 4,529,536. .

(Additional performance additive)
In one embodiment, the method optionally contains at least one additional performance additive. These additional performance additives include metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, viscosity modifiers, dispersant viscosity modifiers, extreme pressure agents, antiwear agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, Examples include at least one of a demulsifier, a pour point depressant, a seal swelling agent, and a mixture thereof. In one embodiment, this additional performance additive may be used alone or in combination.

  In one embodiment, the combined total of other performance additive compounds present is 0% to 30% by weight of the lubricating composition, in another embodiment 0.01% to 25% by weight, In another embodiment, it ranges from 0.1% to 20% by weight. While one or more of these other performance additives may be present, the other additional performance additives are generally present in amounts different from each other.

  If the present invention is in the form of a concentrate (which can be combined with additional oil, in whole or in part, to form the final lubricant), various additives and oils of lubricating viscosity and The ratio to / or diluent is in the range of 80:20 to 10:90 on a weight basis.

  Antioxidants include sulfurized olefins, hindered phenols, diphenylamines; detergents include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and one or more phenates, sulfurized phenates, sulfonates, carboxylic acids, Neutral or overbased, Newtonian or non-Newtonian basic salts with phosphorus-containing acids, mono- and / or dithiophosphoric acids, saligenin, alkyl salicylates, salixarate; and dispersants include N-substituted lengths These include not only chain alkenyl succinimides but also various post-treated versions thereof (except post-treatment with boron compounds). Post-treatment dispersants include those further treated by reaction with urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazole, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides and phosphorus compounds. Can be mentioned.

  Antiwear agents include metal thiophosphates, especially zinc dialkyldithiophosphates; phosphate esters or their salts; phosphites; and compounds such as phosphorus-containing carboxylic esters, ethers and amides; Are organic sulfides and polysulfides such as benzyl disulfide, bis- (chlorobenzyl) disulfide, dibutyl tetrasulfide, di-tertiary butyl polysulfide, di-tertiary butyl sulfide, diels-alder adducts or alkylsulfenyls N'N-dialkyldithiocarbamate). Extreme pressure (EP) agents include chlorinated waxes, organic sulfides and polysulfides (eg, benzyl disulfide, bis- (chlorobenzyl) disulfide, dibutyl tetrasulfide, sulfurized methyl esters of oleic acid, sulfurized alkylphenols, sulfurized diterpenes, sulfurized terpenes. And disulfide disulfide-alder adducts); phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons, metal thiocarbamates (eg, zinc dioctyl dithiocarbamate) and barium heptylphenol diacids; these can also be used in the compositions of the present invention. .

  Viscosity modifiers include styrene-butadiene hydrogenated copolymer, ethylene-propylene polymer, polyisobutene, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymer, hydrogenated isoprene polymer, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyacrylic acid ester, polyalkyl. Examples include styrene, alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, polyalkyl methacrylates, and esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers. Dispersants-viscosity modifiers (which are often referred to as DVMs) include functionalized polyolefins (eg, ethylene-propylene copolymers functionalized with the reaction product of maleic anhydride and amines, functionalized with amines. Polymethacrylates (which are derived, for example, from incorporation of nitrogen-containing comonomers), or esterified styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers reacted with amines.

  Additional performance additives (eg, corrosion inhibitors, including octylamine octanoate, dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydrides thereof and condensation products of fatty acids (eg, oleic acid) with polyamines; Deactivators, including benzotriazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzoimidazole or derivatives of 2-alkyldithiobenzotriazole; This includes copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and optionally vinyl acetate; demulsifiers, including polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, (Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymer Pour point depressants, including maleic anhydride-styrene esters, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, or polyacrylamides; and seal swell agents, including Exxon Necton-37 (Trademark) (FN 1380) and Exxon Mineral Seal Oil (FN 3200) may also be used in the compositions of the present invention.

  The following examples illustrate the invention. These examples are not exhaustive and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

(Examples 1-2 and Reference Examples 1-2)
A composition is prepared by blending the additives shown in Table 1 with a 10W-40 lubricant. The amounts in Table 1 are presented including diluent oil and for glycerol monooleate include other ingredients in commercial grade materials.

  (Table 1)

（摩擦試験）
市販の可変速度摩擦試験機器を使用して、摩擦試験を実行する。この試験で使用こした機器を、標準下盤を１９９８ Ｙａｍａｈａ ＹＺＦ１０００ Ｒ１ オートバイクラッチプレートセクションで置き換えることにより、改造する。この機器の上盤もまた、小径トラックで改造して、以下の寸法の浅いＣ形（３０°セグメント）クラッチプレートセクションに適合させる：１３ｍｍ幅、Ｃの長い側面は、３８ｍｍであり、短い側面は、３２ｍｍである。この機器を、１００°で、０．２ｍ／ｓの線形スリップ速度および５９Ｎ（または６ｋｇｆ）の荷重を使って、操作する。摩擦係数を測定する前に、この機器を、以上の条件下にて、平衡化させる。次いで、この機器を、試料にて、６０分間運転させる。実施例１〜２および参考例１〜２について得られた結果は、表２で示す。

(Friction test)
The friction test is performed using a commercially available variable speed friction test instrument. The equipment used in this test is modified by replacing the standard baseboard with a 1998 Yamaha YZF1000 R1 motorcycle clutch plate section. The top of this equipment is also modified with a small track to fit a shallow C-shaped (30 ° segment) clutch plate section with the following dimensions: 13 mm wide, C long side is 38 mm, short side is , 32 mm. The instrument is operated at 100 ° using a linear slip speed of 0.2 m / s and a load of 59 N (or 6 kgf). Prior to measuring the coefficient of friction, the instrument is equilibrated under these conditions. The instrument is then run on the sample for 60 minutes. The results obtained for Examples 1-2 and Reference Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 2.

  (Table 2)

全体的に見て、これらの結果は、ホウ素含有化合物の存在によって、クランクケース、ギアおよびウェットクラッチの少なくとも１つを備えた内燃機関用の潤滑組成物にて、摩擦係数の過度の低下なしで、摩擦調整剤が存在できるようになる。

Overall, these results show that in the presence of boron-containing compounds, lubricating compositions for internal combustion engines with at least one of crankcases, gears and wet clutches can be used without excessive reduction in the coefficient of friction. , Friction modifiers can be present.

  As used herein, the term “hydrocarbyl substituent” or “hydrocarbyl group” as used herein is used in its ordinary sense, which is well known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it is a group composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms, bonded to the rest of the molecule through the carbon atom, and is sufficient to damage molecules that have predominantly hydrocarbon character. Means a group that does not preclude the presence of other atoms or groups in any proportion. Generally, in this hydrocarbyl group, there are no more than 2 non-hydrocarbon substituents, and in one aspect, no more than 1 non-hydrocarbon substituent for each 10 carbon atoms; typically the hydrocarbyl There are no such non-hydrocarbon substituents in the group. A more detailed description of “hydrocarbyl substituent” or “hydrocarbyl group” is provided in US Pat. No. 6,583,092.

The contents of each reference cited above are incorporated herein by reference. Except for the examples, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical quantities, reaction conditions, molecular weights, carbon atom numbers, etc. in this description that specify the amount of a substance are modified by the term “about”. I understand that Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein should be construed as a commercial grade material. However, the amount of each chemical component is provided except for any solvent or diluent oil (which may typically be present in commercially available materials), unless otherwise specified. It will be appreciated that the upper and lower amounts, ranges and ratios set forth herein may be combined separately. Similarly, the range and amount of each element of the invention can be combined with the range or amount of any other element.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides:
(Claim 1)
A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet clutch, the method comprising, in the crankcase and at least one of the gear and the wet clutch, a lubricating composition containing: Including supplying:
(A) oil with lubricating viscosity;
(B) a boron-containing compound; and
(C) Friction modifier.
(Section 2)
The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is supplied to the crankcase and the gear (or multiple gears).
(Section 3)
The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is supplied to the crankcase and the wet clutch.
(Claim 4)
The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is supplied to the crankcase and both the gear (or gears) and the wet clutch.
(Section 5)
Item 2. The method of Item 1, wherein the boron-containing compound comprises a borate ester, a borate ester alcohol, a borate dispersant, or a mixture thereof.
(Claim 6)
Item 2. The method according to Item 1, wherein the boron-containing compound is a borate dispersant.
(Claim 7)
Item 2. The method according to Item 1, wherein the boron-containing compound is an N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide.
(Section 8)
Item 2. The method of Item 1, wherein the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide comprises a polyisobutyl group having a number average molecular weight of 350 to 5000 or 550 to 1500.
(Claim 9)
Item 2. The method of Item 1, wherein the boron-containing compound is present at 0.01 wt% to 20 wt%, or 1 wt% to 8 wt% of the lubricating composition.
(Section 10)
Item 2. The method of Item 1, wherein the friction modifier comprises molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum thiophosphate, a long chain aliphatic ester, or a mixture thereof.
(Item 11)
Item 11. The method according to Item 10, wherein the long-chain aliphatic ester is a monoester or (tri) glyceride.
(Clause 12)
Item 2. The method of Item 1, wherein the friction modifier is present at 0.01 wt% to 10 wt%, or 0.05 wt% to 3 wt% of the lubricating composition.
(Section 13)
Item 2. The method of Item 1, wherein the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity rating of XW-Y, wherein X is 0-20 and Y is 20-50.
(Item 14)
Item 2. The method according to Item 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is a 4-stroke engine.
(Section 15)
Item 2. The method according to Item 1, wherein the 4-stroke engine is a motorcycle engine.

Claims (1)

Invention described in the specification .