JP2012228092A - Power distribution system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power distribution system which facilitates installation and maintenance.SOLUTION: The power distribution system comprises: a distribution board 10 having a pull-in trunk connected to an AC power supply and having a trunk breaker, a branch circuit part having a branch breaker for distributing power from the AC power supply from the pull-in trunk to a load apparatus, a wiring cable 83 connecting the branch circuit part, the load apparatus and the AC power supply, and a container housing the pull-in trunk, the branch circuit part and the wiring cable; a management device 200 provided outside of the distribution board 10; and a measurement unit 40 measuring power input to the pull-in trunk and power distributed to the load apparatus, and sending measurement data to the management device 200 by air. The measurement unit 40 is arranged avoiding a position adjacent to the trunk breaker 20.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power distribution system, and more particularly to a power distribution system including a measurement unit capable of monitoring power supplied to a dwelling unit and measuring power supplied to a load.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a system capable of transmitting and receiving signals between a distribution board installed in each dwelling unit of a detached house or an apartment house and a housing information board (for example, interphone master unit) (for example, Patent Document 1). ). In the example of Patent Document 1, a distribution board for monitoring power supplied to a dwelling unit and distributing and supplying power to a branch circuit connected to a load, and a housing information board to which various security sensors such as a fire detector are connected. The information signal can be transmitted and received between them. The distribution board is provided with a controller including a power measuring device for measuring the amount of AC power or the amount of AC power supplied from the lead-in trunk through the trunk breaker. The accumulated power amount accumulated by the controller is signaled to the house information panel as electricity usage information. And the house information board notifies in steps according to the level of the integrated electric energy measured by receiving the electricity usage information. For example, a display method such as a visual display such as output of an audio message “too much electricity” or an auditory display is used. In this way, the electricity usage information can be grasped at a place that is easily noticeable by residents, such as a living room or a dining room where a housing information board is installed.

  In recent years, power distribution systems that distribute DC power from solar power generation in addition to AC power supplied from commercial power sources and the like have become widespread.

Since a plurality of power sources such as a solar power generation device or a DC power generation facility such as a fuel cell, a storage battery, and a commercial power source are used as a power source of such a distribution system for distributing DC power, An assumed power distribution system is required. In this case, an output converter such as a DC-DC converter or a DC-AC converter is provided for each power source, and an AC power having a predetermined voltage level is output from each output converter.
Since power is distributed using such a large number of power sources, an output converter such as a DC-DC converter or a DC-AC converter is required for each power source.

JP-A-11-225438

  Thus, a large number of wiring cables are required in the distribution board. Further, when there are a plurality of power sources, the number of wiring cables increases, and management such as installation and maintenance becomes complicated, and it is necessary to make these simple and safe.

Also, unlike the conventional case, the distribution board has a mixture of AC input terminals from AC power sources, DC input terminals from DC power sources such as solar cells, and DC output terminals output to DC devices, and a large number of wiring cables. Will exist. Conventionally, a measurement unit including a CT sensor that measures electric energy has been wired to a monitor device. However, the wiring cable detracts from the aesthetics of the room, and especially with the diversification of the living environment, the distance between the measurement unit and the monitor device may become longer, or the installation location of the monitor device may be changed. The limitation is a challenge.
In addition, when a new solar power generation system is introduced to an existing house, new additions will be added as housing equipment. Flexible response is required.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a power distribution system that is easy to install and maintain.

  Therefore, the power distribution system of the present invention is connected to an AC power source, and includes a lead-in trunk including a main breaker, and a branch circuit unit including a branch breaker that distributes power from the AC power source supplied from the pull-in main to a load device. A distribution board comprising: a distribution cable that connects the branch circuit unit, the load device, and the AC power source; and a container that houses the lead-in trunk, the branch circuit unit, and the distribution cable; A power distribution system comprising a management device provided outside the panel, and a measurement unit that measures the power input to the lead-in main and the power distributed to the load device, and wirelessly transmits the measurement data to the management device And the said measurement unit is arrange | positioned by removing the adjacent position with the said master breaker, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  Moreover, this invention is the said power distribution system, Comprising: The said main breaker is arrange | positioned in the center part of the said distribution board, and the said measurement unit contains what is arrange | positioned at the inner wall of the said container of the said distribution board.

  The present invention also includes the power distribution system described above, wherein a branch breaker is disposed between the measurement unit and the main breaker.

  As described above, according to the power distribution system of the present invention, the measurement unit including the antenna is arranged at a position adjacent to the main breaker. Therefore, since the wiring cable is disposed relatively far from the main cable through which a large current flows, troubles due to wireless communication can be suppressed. In this way, it is possible to prevent the wiring cable from becoming an obstacle to wireless communication, and it is possible to satisfactorily transmit measurement data of the measurement unit to a management device such as a monitor device. Therefore, measurement data can be transmitted using wireless communication, the wiring length can be shortened, and highly reliable power distribution is possible.

Explanatory drawing which shows the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention The figure which shows the internal structure of the distribution board in the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention AA sectional view of FIG. The principal part enlarged view which shows the distribution board of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention The principal part perspective view which shows the distribution board of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention The figure which shows the measurement unit of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention The block diagram which shows the structure of the diversity communication system of the measurement unit by the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, and a diversity transmitter. The figure which shows the radio signal transmitted to a receiver from a diversity transmitter in the diversity communication system The figure which shows the switching of an antenna in the diversity transmitter Flow chart showing antenna switching operation in diversity transmitter The figure which shows the bit error rate detection point of the unique word in the antenna switching operation | movement in a diversity transmitter Comparison of directivity during diversity operation with a single antenna in a diversity transmitter (A) And (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention, (b) is AA sectional drawing of (a). Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the measurement unit of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the measurement unit of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the power distribution system which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention

Hereinafter, an embodiment in which a power distribution system according to the present invention is applied to a detached house will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the building to which the power distribution system according to the present invention is applicable is not limited to a detached house, and can be applied to each dwelling unit or office of a collective housing.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an internal structure of a distribution board in the power distribution system. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of the distribution board, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view thereof. 6 is a diagram showing a measurement unit by the power distribution system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a diversity communication system using two antennas of the measurement unit.
The power distribution system of the present embodiment is a configuration example applied to a power distribution system that can distribute power to a load circuit from a distribution board connected to a commercial power source.

  In this power distribution system, a measurement unit 40 including first and second antennas 41 and 42 for wireless communication is installed in the distribution board 10, and the distribution panel apparatus 100 to the monitor unit 201 of the management apparatus 200. The measurement data S is transmitted wirelessly. In this power distribution system, the wiring cable constituting the ground wire 81 is locked to the inner wall of the distribution board 10 so as to suppress electromagnetic coupling between the first and second antennas 41 and 42 having different directivities. It is locked by the fixing portion 82. Note that the wiring cable 83 that constitutes the main cable B1 and the branch cable Bn is also locked to the inner wall of the distribution board 10 by the locking and fixing portion 82, similarly to the ground wire 81. The ground wire 81, the main cable B1, the wiring cable 83 constituting the branch cable Bn, and the locking fixing portion 82 constitute a wiring portion 80. The distribution board 10 supplies power supplied from the AC power source via the main breaker 20 to the load device via the branch breaker 30. The main breaker 20 limits the current value that can be passed through each phase. Further, a limiter 21 is disposed adjacent to the main breaker 20, and the limiter 21 controls so that the total sum of the two-phase outputs does not exceed a predetermined value. The lead-in trunk is mainly composed of the trunk cable and the trunk breaker 20, and the power distribution section is mainly composed of the trunk cable, the trunk breaker 20, the branch cable, and the branch breaker 30. The fixed terminal portion 14 includes an upper fixed terminal portion 141 and a lower fixed terminal portion 142.

  The measurement unit 40 includes a CT sensor 43S that constitutes a sensor unit that measures electric power, and the first and second antennas 41 and 42 are arranged on a printed circuit board that constitutes the unit main body 43. . In the measurement unit 40, the power input via the wiring cable 83 connected to the power line to be measured is measured by the CT sensor 43S, and the measurement data is converted into first and second directions having a plurality of directivities. The antennas 41 and 42 are used for wireless transmission to the management apparatus. In addition, transmission data from the management apparatus is received using the first and second antennas 41 and 42.

  In addition, the distribution board 10 of this Embodiment is equipped with the container 11 and the distribution board main body 12 accommodated in a container. The distribution board body 12 is provided with upper and lower two-row terminal blocks 13 composed of an upper terminal block 131 and a lower terminal block 132 for a branch circuit connected to a load circuit. The upper terminal block 131 and the lower terminal block 132 are configured such that the ground wire 81 is connected to the container 11 via the upper fixed terminal portion 141 provided on the upper portion of the inner wall of the container 11 and the lower fixed terminal portion 142 provided on the lower portion of the inner wall of the container. It is arrange | positioned along the inner wall of a side part. In the present embodiment, the upper fixed terminal portion 141 and the lower fixed terminal portion 142 constitute a terminal block and are terminal-connected. A plurality of notches 15 are arranged on the peripheral edge of the container 11 so that a wiring cable insertion hole can be formed by cutting and raising.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, since the measurement unit 40 is arrange | positioned in the distribution board 10, an external appearance property is good. Moreover, since a wiring cable is accommodated in the container 11 of the electricity distribution panel 10, a protection function improves and a substantial exclusive area is reduced.

  Further, among the wiring cables, the wiring cable constituting the ground wire 81 is led to a position away from the arrangement position of the measurement unit 40. Therefore, the CT sensor of the measurement unit can be prevented from picking up noise due to electromagnetic coupling.

  Moreover, the wiring part 80 comprised with a wiring cable contains CT cable connected to CT sensor of the measurement unit 40, and is fixed so that CT cable may follow a container inner wall. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the CT sensor from picking up noise due to electromagnetic coupling by the CT cable, and it is possible to detect power with high accuracy.

  Furthermore, the measurement unit 40 is arranged by removing the position adjacent to the main breaker 20. Since the measurement unit 40, in particular, the CT sensor is not adjacent to the main breaker 20 through which a large current flows, it is possible to prevent the CT sensor from picking up noise.

  A branch breaker is arranged between the measurement unit 40 and the main breaker 20. As a result, the CT sensor of the measurement unit 40 is disposed away from the main breaker 20 by at least the branch breaker, so that the CT sensor can be prevented from picking up noise. Here, the CT sensor measures the power input to the lead-in trunk and the power distributed to the load device, but it can also perform other power or current measurements.

The antenna unit of the measurement unit 40 used in the wiring system of the present embodiment is directed to the first antenna 41 having directivity in the first direction and the second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. And a second antenna 42 having characteristics. Here, the first antenna is an internal antenna made of a conductor pattern provided on a printed circuit board constituting the measurement unit body, and the second antenna 42 is made of a rod-shaped external antenna. The first and second antennas 41 and 42 are arranged on different planes and in directions perpendicular to each other.
The measurement data obtained by the measurement unit 40 is provided outside the distribution board 10 via the first and second antennas 41 and 42 that have directivity in a direction perpendicular to each other and construct a diversity communication system. Sent to the monitor unit 201 of the management apparatus 200.

  The management device 200 includes a monitor unit 201 and a control unit, and is configured by an information processing device including a microcomputer and controls operation of each unit. The control unit performs ON / OFF control of the operation of each converter constituting the AC-DC converter, output voltage control, and display control of a display unit (not shown). The display unit is configured by a liquid crystal display device or the like, and displays various information such as the operating state of the distribution board by letters, numbers, images, and the like based on instructions from the control unit.

  According to this configuration, the measurement unit and the management apparatus are connected wirelessly, and wiring between them becomes unnecessary, so that maintenance and maintenance are facilitated.

  There are noise due to electromagnetic coupling and electrostatic coupling. Electromagnetic coupling is an induction phenomenon caused by a magnetic field. If there is another circuit beside the circuit through which alternating current flows, current flows due to the change in the magnetic field generated by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The voltage of noise induced by electromagnetic coupling increases as the temporal variation of the magnetic field increases, the loop area of both circuits increases, and the closer both circuits approach. On the other hand, if there is another conductor near the conductor through which the current flows, an invisible capacitor (stray capacitance) is generated and a voltage is induced. This is electrostatic coupling. When a high-frequency current flows, a voltage change also occurs in the conductor, resulting in radiation noise and conduction noise, which adversely affects wireless communication. Therefore, the measurement data can be efficiently transmitted and received by arranging the measurement unit so as to avoid electromagnetic coupling and further electrostatic coupling.

  In the present embodiment, since the first antenna is an internal antenna formed of a conductor pattern provided on a printed circuit board constituting the measurement unit body, the direction can be easily controlled, and the first antenna It is also possible to arrange a large number of internal antennas on different layers. Since the first and second antennas 41 and 42 are arranged on different planes and perpendicular to each other, the characteristics can be compensated for each other, the obstacles can be reduced, and the good input can be achieved. Output characteristics can be obtained. Furthermore, although the second antenna 42 is composed of a rod-shaped external antenna, the directivity can be easily adjusted by configuring it so as to be movable with respect to the printed circuit board.

  Furthermore, the management apparatus 200 can receive the measurement data obtained by the measurement unit 40 wirelessly, display it on the panel, and output an audio signal. This configuration makes it easy to understand charging, power generation and consumption.

  Further, the branch circuit of the distribution board is arranged at a position farthest from the main trunk B1 drawn from the AC power source. By drawing the branch Bn for the distribution board having the largest capacity in the circuit of the distribution board and keeping it away from the main trunk B1, it is possible to reduce the influence of interference heat due to mutual heat generation.

  The diversity communication system of the measurement unit in the power distribution system of the present embodiment has a diversity transmission / reception device 1002 provided in the measurement unit 40 of the distribution board device 100, a transmission / reception device 1003 provided in the management device 200, and the like. ing.

  The transmission / reception device 1002 includes an error correction processing unit (error correction encoding means) 1020 that encodes and demodulates data to be transmitted and received wirelessly, and an antenna 1021 that transmits and receives data. The antenna 1021 transmits the data encoded by the error correction processing unit 1020. Data received by the antenna 1021 is decoded by the error correction processing unit 1020.

  The diversity transmitting / receiving apparatus 1003 includes first and second antennas 41 and 42 that receive radio signals, an antenna switch 1012, an RF unit (RX) 1013, a baseband (BB) signal processing unit 1014, and a bit error detection. Section (bit error detection means) 1015, antenna switch control section (antenna control means) 1016, and the like. In the first embodiment, the case where the diversity transmitting / receiving apparatus 1003 has two antennas is illustrated, but the number may be appropriately increased according to the communication environment in which the diversity communication system is installed.

  The first and second antennas 41 and 42 transmit and receive radio signals transmitted and received via the antenna 1021 of the transmission / reception device 1002 and input / output them to / from the RF unit 1013. The antenna switch 1012 selectively switches and operates the first and second antennas 41 and 42 based on a control signal input / output from the antenna switch control unit 1016. The RF unit 1013 encodes and demodulates signals transmitted and received by the first and second antennas 41 and 42, and outputs them to the baseband signal processing unit 1014. The RF unit 1013 is provided with an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) unit that automatically controls the gain applied to the signals received by the first and second antennas 41 and 42. Here, the AGC unit is a feedback system provided to keep the signal level input to the baseband signal processing unit 1014 constant with respect to fluctuations in the reception level by the first and second antennas 41 and 42. This is a gain control amplifier.

  The baseband signal processing unit 1014 performs signal processing such as decoding on the signal demodulated by the RF unit 1013. The baseband signal processing unit 1014 has an error correction processing unit 1041. At the time of transmission, the data string encoded by the error correction processing unit 1041 is sent to the bit error detection unit 1015. The bit error detection unit 1015 detects a bit error rate (BER) in a data string for antenna selection. The antenna switch control unit 1016 outputs a control signal based on the bit error rate information output from the bit error detection unit 1015 to control the antenna switch 1012. On the other hand, data input via the first and second antennas 41 and 42 is decoded by the error correction processing unit 1141.

  FIG. 8 shows radio signals transmitted from the transmission / reception device 1002 to the diversity transmission / reception device 1003 in the diversity communication system. The radio signals are packet # 1, packet # 2,. . . The packet is divided into packet #N and transmitted repeatedly. Each packet includes a header part and a payload part. The data string of the header part is provided at the head part of each packet, and includes a preamble, two first unique words A and B, a second unique word C, and the like.

  The preamble is a data string provided for establishing symbol clock reproduction synchronization. For example, in a system that does not require symbol clock regeneration synchronization, such as DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation, communication can be established without a preamble. The first unique word A and the first unique word B are pseudo-unique words that are assigned to the first and second antennas 41 and 42, respectively, and are used to detect a bit error rate for antenna selection. When the number of antennas is increased to three or more, it is necessary to increase the number of first unique words correspondingly. The second unique word C is a data string provided for detecting the head of data in the payload portion. As a specific example of the preamble data string, for example, 010101... And as a specific example of the unique word data string, 0010001. The preamble may also be used as a unique word. The payload portion is composed of data to be transmitted (for example, image data). The data in the payload portion is a data string that has been subjected to error correction coding by the error correction processing unit 1020, and is decoded by the error correction processing unit 1141 provided in the baseband signal processing unit 1014. In the present invention, even if the configurations of the error correction processing unit 1020 of the transmission / reception device 1002 and the error correction processing unit 1141 of the error diversity transmission / reception device 1003 are omitted, the following effects can be obtained.

  FIG. 9 shows a signal transmitted from the transmission / reception device 1002 and received and output by the first and second antennas 41 or 42. In the figure, a solid line indicates a radio signal received by the selected antenna, and a broken line indicates a radio signal not received because the corresponding antenna is not selected. The antenna switch control unit 1016 first selects the first antenna 41, receives the unique word A, causes the bit error detection unit 1015 to detect a bit error, and stores the bit error rate. Thereafter, the antenna switch control unit 1016 selects the second antenna 42 to receive the unique word B, causes the bit error detection unit 1015 to detect a bit error, and stores the bit error rate. Then, the antenna switch control unit 1016 selects an antenna corresponding to a unique word with a small bit error rate and receives a radio signal in the payload unit. FIG. 9 shows the case where the unique word A received by the first antenna 41 has a lower bit error rate. In this case, the data of the payload portion is received after the unique word C by the first antenna 41, and communication of one packet is completed.

  FIG. 10 shows an antenna switching operation in the diversity transmitter / receiver 1003. Initially, diversity transmitter / receiver 1003 is in a standby state (step S1), and either first or second antenna 41 or 42 of the two antennas is selected by antenna switch 1012. Here, it is assumed that the first antenna 41 is selected. The first antenna 41 receives packet steps S1, S2,. . . (Step S2), the RF unit 1013 demodulates the signal (step S3), and the demodulated signal is input to the baseband signal processing unit 1014. The baseband signal processing unit 1014 establishes symbol clock recovery synchronization with the preamble at the beginning of the packet.

  The bit error detection unit 1015 compares the unique word A included in the packet decoded by the error correction processing unit 1141 with the unique word A stored in advance. Then, these non-matching bits are counted and output to the antenna switch control unit 1016 as a bit error rate (step S4). Then, the antenna switch control unit 1016 switches from the first antenna 41 to the second antenna 42 (step S5), and the bit error detection unit 1015 includes a unique word included in the packet decoded by the error correction processing unit 1141. B is compared with the unique word B stored in advance, and these mismatched bits are counted and output to the antenna switch control unit 1016 as a bit error rate (step S6).

  Then, the antenna switch control unit 1016 compares the bit error rates corresponding to the first and second antennas 41 and 42 (step S7). When the bit error rate corresponding to the first antenna 41 is small (YES in step S8), the antenna switch control unit 1016 switches to the first antenna 41 and receives the data of the payload portion following the unique word C. (Step S9). On the other hand, when the bit error rate corresponding to the first antenna 41 is large (NO in step S8), the antenna switch control unit 1016 keeps the current second antenna 42 and continues to the data of the payload portion following the unique word C. Is received (step S10).

  FIG. 11 shows a technique for detecting the bit error rate of the unique word A in step S4. The same applies to the case of detecting the bit error rate of the unique word B and the case of detecting the bit error rate of the unique word C in step S6. The bit error detection unit 1015 compares the header portion (input data string) of the packet decoded and input by the error correction processing unit 1141 with the unique word A (detection data string) stored in advance, and the degree of mismatch (Bit error rate) is detected. At this time, the bit error detection unit 1015 sends the input data string bit by bit by the shift register, and compares it with the detection data string each time to check the degree of coincidence.

  As shown in the upper part, since the preamble data in the input data string is initially compared with the detection data series, the number of mismatched bits is extremely large and the bit error rate becomes high. The antenna switch control unit 1016 determines whether the input data sequence compared with the detection data sequence is the unique word A by comparing the bit error rate detected by the bit error detection unit 1015 with a predetermined threshold value. . Here, the threshold value is set to about 8 bits as an example when the unique word A is 64 bits. The input data string is repeatedly shifted to the left side in the figure, and after the state shown in the middle part of FIG. 11, the state shown in the lower part of FIG. Then, the first bit of the unique word of the input data string matches the first bit of the detection data string, and if the communication state is complete, the mismatch bit is zero. In addition, when several error bits occur in the unique word due to a decrease in received power, several mismatch bits are counted. On the other hand, if the bit error rate is less than the threshold, the unique word A of the input data string and the unique word A of the detection data string are correlated, and it can be determined that the unique word A has been detected. Accordingly, the antenna switch control unit 1016 stores the bit error rate at this time as the bit error rate of the unique word A corresponding to the first antenna 41.

  The bit error rate detected in the state shown in the lower part of FIG. 11 indicates whether the communication state between the transmission / reception device 1002 and the diversity reception device 1003 is good or bad. Therefore, the antenna switch control unit 1016 can select an antenna having a good communication state by comparing the stored bit error rate of the unique word A and the bit error rate of the unique word B.

  As described above, according to the diversity communication system of the measurement unit used in the power distribution system of the present embodiment, the bit error rates detected for the first unique words A and B of the header part included in the packet are compared. The first antenna 41 or the second antenna 42 having a small bit error rate is selected for each packet to transmit / receive data in the payload portion. As a result, it is possible to realize selection of the first and second antennas 41 and 42 with higher accuracy than a configuration in which the first and second antennas 41 and 42 are selected simply by comparing transmission and reception power, and reliability of wireless communication Can be increased. In addition, since the first and second antennas 41 and 42 are selected based on the bit error rate detected for the first unique words A and B, the beginning of the data in the payload portion can be detected using the second unique word C. The data of the payload portion can be transmitted and received more reliably while selecting the first antenna 41 or the second antenna 42 optimal for communication.

  FIG. 12 is a comparison diagram of the antenna directivities obtained by switching the two antennas in this way. A is the first antenna 41, b is the second antenna 42, and c is the result of the diversity operation. Show. It can be seen that the directivity is greatly improved as a result of the diversity operation.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the power distribution system of the present embodiment, as shown schematically in FIGS. 13A and 13B, the main breaker 20 is disposed in the center of the distribution board 10, and the measurement unit 40 includes the distribution board. It is arranged on the inner wall of ten containers 11. In the present embodiment, the measurement unit 40 is disposed on the inner wall on the back surface of the container 11, and the wiring cable 83 </ b> C constituting the CT cable among the wiring cables 83 is led out to the wall side. As in the first embodiment, the measurement unit 40 includes a CT sensor 43S, and the first and second antennas 41 and 42 are arranged on a printed circuit board constituting the unit main body 43. . FIG.13 (b) is AA sectional drawing of Fig.13 (a). It should be noted that only the main part is shown and the others are omitted, and various element parts are mounted in the container 11 of the distribution board 10 as in the first embodiment.

According to this configuration, the distance from the first and second antennas 41 and 42 of the measurement unit can be maximized. Wa is a wall surface, and in a newly-built house, a wiring cable can be led out to the inside of the wall surface of the house. Further, even in the case of an existing house, the container 11 may be provided with a notch so that the inside of the container is turned.
Then, the main breaker 20 connected to the main trunk B1 through which the largest current flows is arranged in the center, and is separated from the main trunk so as not to be affected by electromagnetic coupling with the main trunk B1 in the plane direction or the depth direction. A measurement unit 40 is provided on the inner wall of the container 11.

  Although illustration is omitted, other parts are formed in the same manner as the power distribution system of the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 3)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This Embodiment demonstrates the thing which changed the derivation | leading-out position of CT cable of the measurement unit used for a power distribution system. As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 14, the measurement unit of the present embodiment has a connector 84 that is connected to a wiring cable 83 </ b> C that constitutes a CT cable among the wiring cables 83, formed on the side surface of the measurement unit 40. It is separated from 42. The internal structure is the same as that of the measurement unit of the first embodiment, but in the present embodiment, it is housed in a unit case 44 composed of a case main body 44a and a lid body 44b. The measurement unit 40 of the present embodiment also includes the CT sensor 43S as in the first embodiment, and the first and second antennas 41 and 42 are disposed on the printed circuit board that constitutes the unit main body 43. ing.

  According to the above configuration, the distance from the first and second antennas 41 and 42 of the measurement unit to the wiring cable 83 can be maximized.

Although illustration is omitted, also in the present embodiment, other parts are formed in the same manner as the power distribution system of the first embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the measurement unit housed in the unit case 44 has been described. However, the measurement unit can be disposed at a desired position outside the distribution board. In addition, you may install in the container 11 of a distribution board as it is, and the unit case 44 may be removed and only an internal structure may be arrange | positioned in the container 11 of a distribution board.

(Embodiment 4)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This Embodiment demonstrates the thing which changed the derivation | leading-out position of CT cable of the measurement unit used for a power distribution system. FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of the measurement unit of the present embodiment. The measurement unit of the present embodiment is a wiring cable 83C that constitutes a CT cable among the wiring cables 83 so as to be located on the surface of the measurement unit 40 and in the vicinity of the middle of the first and second antennas 41 and 42. The connector 84 to be connected to is arranged. The measurement unit 40 of the present embodiment also includes the CT sensor 43S as in the first embodiment, and the first and second antennas 41 and 42 are disposed on the printed circuit board that constitutes the unit main body 43. ing.

Also with the above configuration, the distance from the first and second antennas 41 and 42 of the measurement unit to the wiring cable 83 can be separated.
Other parts are formed in the same manner as the measurement unit of the third embodiment.

  The power distribution system described in the above embodiment includes an AC distribution board 10 that distributes AC power to AC load devices via a lead-in trunk B1 that is an AC distribution path of an AC power source. A DC distribution board may be provided in parallel. This DC distribution board constitutes a DC distribution device that distributes DC power to a DC load device via a DC load distribution path. The distribution board 10 branches AC power supplied from a commercial power source or a power controller and outputs AC power to the branch wiring Bn which is a distribution path.

(Embodiment 5)
The power distribution system according to the present embodiment is also applicable to a hybrid power distribution system that includes a solar power generation device (hereinafter referred to as a solar battery) and a storage battery and that can distribute AC power and DC power.
A power distribution system according to a fifth embodiment, which is a modification of the power distribution system according to the first embodiment, will be described with reference to a schematic diagram shown in FIG. The power distribution system according to the fifth embodiment connects the distribution panel 10 and the solar battery 50 and the storage battery 60 that are power sources other than the commercial power source as the AC power source supplied from the lead-in main B1. The distribution board 10 supplies power supplied from the AC power source via the main breaker 20 to the load device via the branch breaker 30. About the measurement unit 40, it is the same as that of the said Embodiment 1, and exchange of measurement data etc. is made between management apparatuses (not shown) by radio | wireless communication.
The main breaker 20 is disposed in the substantially central portion of the distribution board 10, and the measurement unit 40 is disposed on the inner wall of the container 11 of the distribution board 10.

  According to this configuration, the main circuit breaker 20 connected to the main trunk B1 through which the largest current flows is disposed in the center, and is separated from the main trunk so as not to be affected by electromagnetic coupling with the main trunk B1. A measurement unit 40 is provided on the inner wall of the container 11.

The solar cell 50 includes a solar cell (PV) panel 51 and a power controller 52 including a DC / AC converter, and the power controller 52 is connected to the distribution board 10.
The storage battery 60 includes a storage battery main body 61 and a controller 62 that controls the storage battery main body 61, and is disposed on the distribution board 10.

  The storage battery 60 is also connected to the distribution board 10. The storage battery 60 is also usually connected to the distribution board 10 via a DC / AC converter (storage battery converter) (not shown). In addition, both are connected to the branch wiring Bn of the distribution board 10 through a protector as a protection circuit.

  In addition, the management device 200 can receive measurement data obtained by the measurement unit 40 wirelessly, display it on a panel, and output an audio signal. This configuration makes it easy to understand charging, power generation and consumption.

  Thus, in the power distribution system of the present embodiment, the DC / DC converter, the AC / DC converter, the storage battery, and the DC / DC converter connected to the storage battery are accommodated in the container 11 of the distribution board 10. Has been. The DC / DC converter is connected to a photovoltaic power generation device that is a direct current power source. The AC / DC converter is connected to a commercial power source that is an AC power source. And the measurement unit can measure the electric power of a direct-current power source, an alternating current power source, and a storage battery via a wiring cable, and the management apparatus can measure the measurement data of a measurement unit.

  As a DC power source of the power distribution system, a solar battery 50 and a storage battery 60 are provided. Here, the storage battery 60 is mounted on a DC distribution board (not shown), but can also be used as an additional power source. The solar cell panel 51 receives sunlight and photoelectrically converts it to generate electric power and outputs DC power, and constitutes a solar power generation device as an example of DC power generation equipment. The direct current power is converted into alternating current and output as alternating current power. The storage battery is configured by a secondary battery capable of storing DC power and outputting the stored DC power. The distribution board 10 is connected to a solar cell, a commercial power source, or the like at an input end, and to a load distribution path at an output end.

  The power controller 52 including the power conditioner converts the DC power output from the solar battery panel 51 into AC power synchronized with the phase of the AC power source and outputs the converted AC power to the commercial power source. Reverse current. The solar cell converter is configured to include a DC-DC converter, and converts the direct-current power output from the solar cell panel 51 into a desired voltage level for output. The storage battery 60 includes a controller 62 including a DC-DC converter such as a storage battery converter. The storage battery 60 converts the DC power output from the storage battery main body 61 into a desired voltage level and outputs it, while charging the storage battery main body 61. I do.

  The power controller 52 includes a boost chopper circuit (not shown), an inverter (not shown), an inverter control circuit (not shown), a system interconnection protection device, and the like. The step-up chopper circuit boosts the DC output of the solar cell panel 51. The inverter (not shown) converts the DC output boosted by the boost chopper circuit into a sinusoidal AC output synchronized with the phase of the AC power system AC. The inverter control circuit controls the inverter to output the AC output. Adjust.

  The distribution board 10 is a main circuit breaker (not shown) whose primary side is connected to a commercial power source in a box with a door, and a secondary side of the main circuit breaker, as in a so-called residential distribution board (housing board). A plurality of branch breakers and the like branched and connected to a conductive bar (not shown) connected to is housed. Further, the output line of the power controller 52 is drawn into the AC distribution board, and the output line of the power controller 52 is connected in parallel to the commercial power source in the box. In addition, an AC distribution path is connected to the secondary side of the branch breaker, and AC power is supplied to an AC load device in the house via the AC distribution path.

  When the distribution board 10 is provided with a direct current distribution path, the output of the commercial power source is drawn and the output of the solar cell 50 is drawn, respectively, and the AC / DC converter and the DC / DC for the solar cell, respectively. DC power is supplied to the DC load device via the converter.

  The power controller for solar cells has a DC / DC converter. The DC / DC converter is constituted by, for example, a switching regulator or the like, and converts the voltage level of DC power output from the solar cell panel 51 and the storage battery body 61 into a desired voltage level by a constant voltage control method. In the constant voltage control method, the output voltage is detected and control (feedback control) is performed to increase or decrease the output voltage so that the detected output voltage matches the target voltage. The AC-DC converter is configured by, for example, a switching regulator, an inverter, and the like. Then, the AC-DC converter rectifies the AC voltage into a DC voltage and performs constant voltage control of the output voltage by feedback control, thereby converting the AC power output from the distribution board 10 to DC power at a desired voltage level. To do. The output terminals of the solar cell DC / DC converter, the storage battery controller, and the AC-DC converter are connected in parallel and connected to a branch wiring such as a DC load distribution line through a protector formed of a current fuse. The DC load distribution path is further provided with an external protection circuit (not shown) as required. Of the DC power converted to a desired voltage level by each output converter of the solar battery, storage battery, and AC-DC converter, any DC power is connected to the DC load via the distribution path for DC load. Supplied to the equipment.

  The management device 200 includes a control unit, is configured by an information processing device including a microcomputer, and controls operation of each unit. The control unit performs ON / OFF control of the operation of each converter of the solar cell converter, the storage battery converter, and the AC-DC converter, and output voltage control, and also performs display control of a display unit (not shown). The display unit is configured by a liquid crystal display device or the like, and displays various information such as the operating state of the distribution board by letters, numbers, images, and the like based on instructions from the control unit. In addition, an operation unit is provided, and through this operation unit, operation, abnormality status, measurement items, abnormality history display, clock setting, and the like can be performed. In addition, the solar battery voltage, storage battery voltage, AC voltage, output power, and abnormality occurrence time immediately before an abnormality can be simultaneously stored in the abnormality history. Furthermore, the operation unit is not limited to the one attached to the distribution board, but a remote operation unit (remote control or home personal computer) is used, and the above setting is performed via a PLC (power line communication) terminal or the like. May be.

  Here, the power controller 52 may be provided with a night battery charging function and a daytime battery discharging function (reverse power flow prevention) in addition to a general photovoltaic power generation reverse power flow function. Both nighttime power can be used effectively.

  In addition, since the reverse power flow to the system | strain is not recognized, the discharge power from a storage battery needs to be changed according to the use condition of a load. For example, the power flowing through the system is detected by a received power detection unit attached to the power receiving point of the system, and reverse power flow prevention control is performed so that a reverse power flow from the storage battery does not occur.

  The controller 62 such as a storage battery DC / DC converter is configured to be connectable to the storage battery main body 61 by connector connection, so that it can be easily attached and detached even when connecting to an external storage battery. Further, even when replacement of the storage battery is necessary due to deterioration of the storage battery or capacity increase, if the storage battery main body 61 and the storage battery controller 62 are configured to be detachable, maintenance is facilitated.

  In order to avoid erroneous connection, it is desirable that either the shape or color of the terminal block or the color of each wiring path be distinguishable from each other. In the case of incorrect connection by changing the shape, it is still safe to prevent mutual connection.

10 Distribution board 11 Container 12 Distribution board body 13 Terminal block 14 Fixed terminal part 141 Upper fixed terminal part 142 Lower fixed terminal part 15 Notch part 20 Master breaker 21 Limiter 30 Branch breaker 40 Measurement unit 41 First antenna 42 Second antenna 43 Unit main body 43S CT sensor 44 Unit case 44a Case main body 44b Lid 50 Solar cell 51 Solar cell panel 52 Power controller 60 Storage battery 61 Storage battery main body 62 Controller 80 Wiring part 81 Ground wire (wiring cable)
82 Locking / fixing portion 83 Wiring cable 83C Wiring cable constituting CT cable 100 Distribution board device 200 Management device 201 Monitor portion

Claims (3)

A lead-in trunk connected to an AC power source and including a trunk breaker;
A branch circuit unit including a branch breaker that distributes power from an AC power source supplied from the lead-in trunk to a load device;
A wiring cable connecting the branch circuit unit and the load device and the AC power source;
A container for storing the lead-in trunk, the branch circuit unit, and the wiring cable;
A distribution board with
A management device provided outside the distribution board;
A power distribution system comprising a measurement unit that measures power input to the lead-in trunk and power distributed to the load device and wirelessly transmits measurement data to the management device,
A power distribution system in which the measurement unit is arranged at a position adjacent to the main breaker. The power distribution system according to claim 1,
The main breaker is arranged at the center of the distribution board,
The measurement unit is a power distribution system disposed on an inner wall of the container of the distribution board. The power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2,
A power distribution system in which a branch breaker is disposed between the measurement unit and the main breaker.

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