JP2012213084A - Monitoring detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To notify a user of an effect that the user is positioned within a monitoring range of a monitoring device such as a monitoring camera.SOLUTION: A monitoring detection device includes: a position acquisition unit for acquiring a present position; a storage unit for storing a place model which a monitoring place is expressed as a three-dimensional virtual space, monitoring condition information where an arrangement position, monitoring direction, and monitoring angle information of a monitoring device are associated with the place model, and position information where the present position acquired by the position acquisition unit is associated with the place model; model generation means for generating a monitoring range model, which expresses the monitoring range of the monitoring device, through the use of the monitoring condition information and the place model; determination means for determining whether the position corresponding to the position information is included within the monitoring range model; and an output unit for outputting the determination result of the determination means.

Description

  The present invention is a monitor for detecting whether or not the camera is located in a monitoring range of a monitoring device such as a monitoring camera or an infrared sensor installed in a monitoring place (that is, an imaging range of the monitoring camera or a detection range of an infrared sensor). The present invention relates to a detection device.

  In recent years, for security purposes, the number of individuals, corporations, public institutions, etc., to which surveillance cameras are attached is increasing. For example, in a case where a resident in a residential area installs a surveillance camera with a camera turntable on the outer wall of his / her home, and uses a personal computer at home to monitor images outdoors while performing operations such as panning, tilting and zooming It has come out.

  However, with such a surveillance camera, there is a possibility that the user will intentionally browse the neighbor's house or infringe privacy, such as browsing the neighbor on the road with a telephoto. I can't deny it. For this reason, there is an increasing need to confirm the appropriateness of the monitoring range of a monitoring camera that monitors such a public space by a general person such as a passerby.

  Conventionally, a person directly confirms a monitoring image captured by a monitoring camera visually to confirm that the monitoring camera does not infringe the privacy of others. In addition, in order to confirm the monitoring range of the monitoring camera, a technique has also been proposed in which an image representing the imaging range calculated from the installation position and orientation of the monitoring camera, the angle of view information, and the like is superimposed and displayed on a map image ( Patent Document 1).

JP 2000-358240 A

  However, in the above prior art, when the user confirms whether or not he / she is located within the field of view of the surveillance camera, the image always representing his / her current position and the imaging range superimposed on the map is displayed. Therefore, it was necessary to confirm the positional relationship, and it took time and effort for practical use.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a user with an easy way to notify the user when the terminal possessed by the user is located within the monitoring range of the monitoring device such as a monitoring camera. It is aimed to be able to grasp that it is located within the monitoring range.

  In order to solve such a problem, a monitoring detection device that detects whether or not the device is located within a monitoring range of the monitoring device, the position acquisition unit that acquires the current position, and the location monitored by the monitoring device in three dimensions The location model expressed as a virtual space, monitoring condition information in which the installation position of the monitoring device, the monitoring direction, and the monitoring angle information are associated with the location model, and the current position acquired by the location acquisition unit are associated with the location model. A storage unit for storing position information; model generation means for generating a monitoring range model representing the monitoring range of the monitoring device using the monitoring condition information and the location model; and a position corresponding to the position information in the monitoring range model There is provided a monitoring and detecting apparatus comprising: a determination unit that determines whether or not the output is included; and an output unit that outputs a determination result by the determination unit.

With this configuration, the model generation unit of the present invention generates a monitoring range model that captures the monitoring range of the monitoring device as a three-dimensional shape based on the location model and the monitoring condition information, and the monitoring range model is included in the location model. Process to place in. The determination means of the present invention determines whether or not the position corresponding to the position information is included in the monitoring range model, and when included, the monitoring detection device is positioned within the monitoring range of the monitoring device. The process which determines with having carried out is performed. The output unit of the present invention is positioned as a determination result, for example, within the monitoring range of the monitoring device when the determination unit determines that the monitoring detection device is positioned within the monitoring range of the monitoring device. A message indicating that the message is displayed is output, voice is output, or vibration is output.
By the above processing, the user can easily grasp that the user is located within the monitoring range of the monitoring device.

Moreover, as a preferable aspect of the present invention, the place model is assumed to represent a three-dimensional virtual space including an object present at the monitoring place.
For example, the place model is stored in the storage unit as a representation of a three-dimensional virtual space including the three-dimensional shape information of an object such as a building structure or a ground such as a wall or a pillar of a building at a monitoring place. Shall. With this configuration, the model generation means of the present invention performs processing for generating a monitoring range model based on the monitoring condition information in consideration of interference with the object of the location model and arranging the monitoring range model in the location model. . Then, the determination means of the present invention determines whether or not the position corresponding to the position information is included in the monitoring range model, and when included, the monitoring detection device is positioned within the monitoring range of the monitoring device. The process which determines that it exists is performed.
By the above processing, for example, when the monitoring range of the monitoring device is blocked by an object such as a wall, the monitoring detection device is positioned within the monitoring range of the monitoring device in consideration of the monitoring range of the blocked portion. It can be determined whether or not. Therefore, the user can grasp that it is located in the monitoring range of the monitoring device more accurately.

Moreover, as a preferable aspect of the present invention, the monitoring device is a monitoring camera that captures an image of a monitoring place, and the monitoring direction and the monitoring angle information of the monitoring condition information are the optical axis and the angle of view information of the monitoring camera, respectively.
With this configuration, the user can grasp that the user is located within the monitoring range (imaging range) of the monitoring camera.

As another aspect of the present invention, the monitoring device is an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or a microwave sensor.
With this configuration, the user can grasp that the user is positioned within the monitoring range (detection range) of a spatial sensor such as an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or a microwave sensor.

  As described above, the monitoring detection device of the present invention models the monitoring range of the monitoring device and considers the relationship between the model and the current position, so that the user can easily locate the monitoring range of the monitoring device. You can figure out what to do.

Schematic diagram of usage of monitoring and detection device Block diagram showing the configuration of the monitoring and detection device Diagram explaining the monitoring range model Diagram explaining the monitoring range model Flow chart showing processing in the control unit Diagram representing a location model The figure explaining the process of a determination means

  Hereinafter, as one embodiment of the present invention, a user owns whether or not he / she is located within a monitoring range (imaging range) of a monitoring camera installed on a wall of a building and monitoring an outdoor monitoring place. An embodiment in the case of detection by a monitoring and detection apparatus that is being described will be described with reference to the drawings. That is, the present embodiment is an embodiment in the case where the surveillance camera functions as the monitoring device in the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a usage pattern of the monitoring detection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment. The surveillance camera 2 is installed on the upper surface of the wall of the building 9 so as to take an image of the surveillance location, captures the surveillance location every predetermined time, and sequentially records the obtained surveillance images on a recording device (not shown). Here, it is assumed that the monitoring range of the monitoring camera 2 is a region 7 illustrated by a one-dot chain line.
As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the monitoring detection device 1 is a computer terminal possessed by a user 8. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the monitoring detection device 1 may be a wearable computer including a head mounted display having a computer function. As will be described later, when the monitoring detection device 1 determines that it is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2, it outputs a detection notification 4 for notifying the user 8 to that effect from the output unit (for example, detection) Notification 4 is displayed and output). In addition, although a present Example demonstrates using the example in which only one monitoring camera 2 is installed as shown in FIG. 1, the some monitoring camera 2 may be installed.

  FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the monitoring detection apparatus 1. The monitoring and detecting apparatus 1 has a computer function, and includes a storage unit 11, a control unit 12, a position acquisition unit 14, an output unit 15, and an input unit 16.

  The input unit 16 is an information input device such as a keyboard, a touch panel, and a portable storage medium reader. The user 8 can use the input unit 16 to set information regarding monitoring conditions such as the installation position of each monitoring camera 2.

The position acquisition unit 14 includes various sensors such as a GPS (Global Positioning System) and a distance sensor, and acquires information on the current position of the monitoring detection device 1 every predetermined time.
In the present embodiment, the result (latitude / longitude) obtained by autonomous positioning by GPS is acquired as position information on the horizontal plane related to the current position of the monitoring detection device 1. Moreover, about the height information in the present position of the monitoring detection apparatus 1, the result of having measured the distance from the ground with the distance sensor using an ultrasonic sensor, an infrared sensor, etc. is acquired. For the height information, a fixed value (for example, any value from 1.2 m to 1.7) set in consideration of the height possessed by a person is used without using a distance sensor. May be. In this case, setting is input by the user 8 using the input unit 16.

  The storage unit 11 is an information storage device such as a ROM, RAM, or HDD. The storage unit 11 stores various programs and various data, and inputs / outputs such information to / from the control unit 12. The various types of data include a location model 111, monitoring condition information 112, position information 113, and a monitoring range model 114.

  The place model 111 is coordinate information representing a three-dimensional virtual space including three-dimensional shape data created by modeling an object such as a real world wall, ground, or pillar existing at a monitoring place. The three-dimensional shape data in the place model 111 may be created by three-dimensional CAD based on the shape information of the monitoring place, or the data obtained by capturing the three-dimensional shape of the monitoring place using a three-dimensional laser scanner or the like. Also good. The location model 111 created in this way is stored in the storage unit 11 by being set and registered from the input unit 16 by the user 8 or the like.

The monitoring condition information 112 includes installation condition information regarding the installation position and optical axis (monitoring direction) of the monitoring camera 2 at the current time, and angle-of-view condition information (monitoring angle information) regarding focal length, the number of pixels, the pixel size, and lens distortion. And is individually set for each installed surveillance camera 2. The monitoring condition information 112 is set as a value associated with coordinate information in the virtual space of the place model 111.
Here, the installation condition information relating to the installation position of the monitoring camera 2 represents the inside of the monitoring place (real space) as a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system, and is the coordinate value of a reference point whose coordinates are known in the orthogonal coordinate system of the real space. This is information expressed as coordinate data calculated using a known technique such as measuring and correcting the relative distance and direction from the reference point. The installation condition information regarding the optical axis of the monitoring camera 2 is information regarding the rotation angle of the optical axis of the monitoring camera 2 with respect to the coordinate axis, and can be obtained from the so-called pan angle and tilt angle of the monitoring camera 2. The monitoring condition information 112 is stored in the storage unit 11 by being set and registered from the input unit 16 by the user 8 or the like at the time of initial setting.

  The position information 113 is information regarding the current position of the monitoring detection device 1 acquired by the position acquisition unit 14. The position information 113 is acquired by various sensors in the position acquisition unit 14 and the current position (latitude / longitude, height) temporarily stored in the storage unit 11 is monitored by the control unit 12 as described above. After being converted into coordinate data representing the inside of the place as a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system, it is stored in the storage unit 11. That is, the current position of the monitoring detection device 1 acquired by the position acquisition unit 14 is converted into the position information 113 corresponding to the place model 111 and stored in the storage unit 11.

  The monitoring range model 114 is three-dimensional shape data modeled after the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2. The monitoring range model 114 is generated by the model generation unit 121 of the control unit 12 and stored in the storage unit 11 as will be described later.

The control unit 12 is an arithmetic device such as a CPU or a DSP, for example, and executes various types of information processing according to programs stored in the storage unit 11. In the present embodiment, the control unit 12 performs a process of determining whether or not the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2. Further, when the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2, the control unit 12 performs a process of outputting a detection notification 4 for notifying the output unit 15 to that effect. Further, the control unit 12 performs processing for storing input information such as setting information and operation information from the input unit 16 in the storage unit 11.
The control unit 12 is functionally configured to include a model generation unit 121 and a determination unit 122.

  The model generation unit 121 generates a monitoring range model 114 based on the monitoring condition information 112 and the location model 111 in the storage unit 11, and associates the monitoring range model 114 with the location information on the location model 111 to store the storage unit 11. The modeling process is stored in That is, theoretically, the place model 111 in which the monitoring range model 114 is arranged can be obtained by the modeling process.

  FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the monitoring range model 114 related to the monitoring camera 2 that captures the ground direction from above the monitoring location. Here, the process of generating the monitoring range model 114 in the model generation unit 121 will be described with reference to FIG. 3, reference numerals 111a and 111b represent a part of the location model 111, of which 111a represents the ground and 111b represents the wall surface of the building 9.

  In generating the monitoring range model 114, the model generation unit 121 first reads the installation position (X, Y, Z) of the monitoring camera 2 from the monitoring condition information 112 of the storage unit 11, and a location model corresponding to the position. The optical center O on 111 is obtained. Further, the model generation unit 121 obtains the optical axis on the place model 111 of the monitoring camera 2 from the optical center O and the installation condition information regarding the optical axis (posture) read from the monitoring condition information 112 of the storage unit 11. . The model generation unit 121 also reads out the monitoring condition information 112 such as the focal length f, the actual size of the CCD pixel, the number of vertical and horizontal pixels of the image and the lens distortion, and the like from the storage unit 11. A projection plane abcd on the model 111 is obtained. Then, a quadrangular pyramid Oa'b'c'd 'passing through the four vertices of the projection surface abcd from the optical center O is generated. The height of the quadrangular pyramid is an arbitrary height that allows at least four vertices (a ′, b ′, c ′, d ′) on the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid to penetrate the location model 111. Then, the model generation unit 121 obtains the interference plane ABCD between the square pyramid and the place model 111 by a known geometric calculation, and monitors the three-dimensional shape OABCD including four sides including the interference plane and the head apex of the square pyramid. Obtained as model 114.

  As described above, the shape of the monitoring range model 114 changes depending on the value of the monitoring condition information 112. For example, when the surveillance camera 2 performs a zoom operation, the length of the side of the bottom surface a′b′c′d ′ of the quadrangular pyramid decreases as the focal length f increases, and the size of the interference surface also increases. It changes to be smaller. When the pan / tilt operation is performed on the surveillance camera 2 and the optical axis of the surveillance camera 2 is moved so that the floor 111a and the wall 111b are included in the surveillance range as shown in FIG. The shape of 114 is a three-dimensional shape with OABECDF as a vertex. 3 and 4 show an outline of the monitoring range model 114 when the distortion of the lens is removed.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the projection plane is obtained using the angle of view condition information including the focal length, the number of pixels, the pixel size, and the lens distortion as the monitoring condition information 112, and the monitoring range model 114 is obtained from the projection plane. Processing for calculation is performed. However, the monitoring range model 114 can be calculated without using the angle-of-view condition information including the focal length, the number of pixels, the pixel size, and the lens distortion. For example, depending on the type of the monitoring camera 2, by setting the horizontal angle (or vertical angle) of the monitoring camera 2, the monitoring range can be uniquely determined from the horizontal angle (or vertical angle) and the aspect ratio of the monitoring camera 2. There is something you can ask for. In such a surveillance camera 2, by setting the horizontal angle (or vertical angle) and the aspect ratio as the angle-of-view condition information, the angle formed by the two opposing side surfaces at the head vertex O of the quadrangular pyramid can be obtained. Therefore, the quadrangular pyramid Oa′b′c′d ′ can be obtained from the same manner as in the above embodiment, and the monitoring range model 114 can be generated.

  The determination unit 122 performs processing for determining whether or not the monitoring detection device 1 is located in the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2 based on the monitoring range model 114 and the position information 113 of the storage unit 11. In this embodiment, the determination unit 122 determines whether or not the position information 113 is included in the monitoring range model 114 in the three-dimensional virtual space such as the place model 111 where the monitoring range model 114 is arranged. If it is determined that the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2. At this time, for example, the determination unit 122 arranges a point shape at a position corresponding to the position information 113 on the place model 111 and determines whether or not the point shape is included in the monitoring range model 114. .

The output unit 15 is an information output device such as a display or a speaker, and performs display output, audio output, or the like based on an output signal from the control unit 12. In the present embodiment, when the determination unit 122 determines that the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2, the control unit 12 notifies the user 8 as the determination result. Output signal (detection notification 4) is output to the output unit 15. The output unit 15 that has received the detection notification 4 from the control unit 12 outputs a determination result to the user 8 by screen display output, voice output, or the like.
In this way, the user 8 can detect that the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2 by confirming the output from the output unit 15.

  Hereinafter, an example of the flow of processing executed by the control unit 12 of the monitoring detection device 1 of the present embodiment will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.

  Prior to the operation, various initial settings such as setting of the monitoring condition information 112 and registration of the location model 111 are performed by the user 8 using the input unit 16 (S10). In this embodiment, since it is assumed that one monitoring camera 2 is installed in the monitoring place, the monitoring condition information 112 of the monitoring camera 2 is registered by the initial setting. When a plurality of monitoring cameras 2 are installed, the monitoring condition information 112 is registered for each monitoring camera 2. The following processing will be described assuming that the three-dimensional shape data of FIG.

  When the initial setting is completed, the model generation unit 121 repeatedly performs the modeling process for generating the monitoring range model 114 for each monitoring camera 2 and recording it in the storage unit 11 until the processes for all the monitoring cameras 2 are completed. (S12, S14).

  Next, the control unit 12 performs a process of converting the current position of the monitoring detection device 1 acquired by the position acquisition unit 14 into position information 113 corresponding to the place model 111 and storing it in the storage unit 11 (S16). .

  Next, the determination unit 122 reads the position information 113 stored in step S16, and performs a determination process for determining whether or not the position corresponding to the position information 113 is included in the monitoring range model 114 (S18). , S20). That is, the determination unit 122 performs a process of determining whether or not the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the place model 111 in which the monitoring range model 114 after the modeling process is installed. 7 is assumed to be a position based on the position information 113 in the storage unit 11. In addition, in FIG. 7, the monitoring detection device 1, the monitoring camera 2, and the user 8 are merely illustrated in the same drawing for convenience of explanation in the present specification, and are shown as a shape model representing a three-dimensional shape. It is not arranged on the model 111. Here, the processing of the determination unit 122 will be supplementarily described with reference to FIG.

  At the time of FIG. 7A, the monitoring detection device 1 possessed by the user 8 is hidden within the wall of the building as viewed from the monitoring camera 2, and thus is not located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2. State. That is, at this time, the position corresponding to the position information 113 is included in the monitoring range model 114 based on the monitoring range model 114 and the position information 113 generated by the model generation unit 121 by the determination unit 122. It is determined that there is no. On the other hand, at the time of FIG. 7B, the monitoring detection device 1 possessed by the user 8 is in a state of being located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2. That is, at this time, the position corresponding to the position information 113 is included in the monitoring range model 114 based on the monitoring range model 114 and the position information 113 generated by the model generation unit 121 by the determination unit 122. It is determined that As described above, the determination unit 122 determines whether or not the position corresponding to the position information 113 is included in the monitoring range model 114, and when it is included, monitoring detection is performed in the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2. It is determined that the device 1 is located.

  When it is determined by the determination unit 122 that the position corresponding to the position information 113 is not included in the monitoring range model 114 (S20-No), the control unit 12 returns the process to step S16, and again the position acquisition unit 14 The position information 113 of the monitoring detection device 1 is acquired at, and processing for determining whether the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2 is performed.

  On the other hand, when the determination unit 122 determines that the position corresponding to the position information 113 is included in the monitoring range model 114 (S20—Yes), the control unit 12 advances the process to step S22. In step S <b> 22, the control unit 12 outputs a detection notification 4 that notifies that to the output unit 15 as a determination result. The output unit 15 receives the detection notification 4 from the control unit 12 and outputs the display as shown in FIG.

  In this way, the user 8 can detect that the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7 of the monitoring camera 2 by confirming the output from the output unit 15.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may be implemented in various different embodiments within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. Moreover, the effect described in the said Example is not limited to this.

In the above-described embodiment, coordinate information representing a three-dimensional virtual space including three-dimensional shape data obtained by modeling an object such as a real world wall, floor, or pillar existing at a monitoring place is used as the place model 111. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and only the planar shape representing the floor obtained from the installation height of the monitoring camera 2 may be used as the three-dimensional shape data of the object in the place model 111. That is, the model generation unit 121 performs processing for generating the monitoring range model 114 on the floor surface which is a virtual space based on the monitoring condition information 112 based on the monitoring condition information 112 by regarding the monitoring place as a virtual space including only a plane (ground). At this time, the model generation unit 121 calculates the interference plane by geometrically calculating the interference between the solid shape such as a quadrangular pyramid representing the monitoring range of the monitoring camera and the floor surface, and generates the monitoring range model 114.
As a result, the monitoring range model 114 cannot be generated in consideration of interference with an object such as a wall, and concealment by the object is not considered, so that it is possible to accurately detect that the object is located within the monitoring range. The sex will be reduced. However, since the monitoring range model 114 can be generated easily, the calculation amount of the monitoring detection device 1 can be reduced as a result. In addition, since it is possible to omit initial settings such as creating and setting the three-dimensional shape data of the place model 111 in the storage unit 11 in advance, the user can easily use the monitoring detection device 1 and the convenience is improved. Will be improved.

  Similarly, a place model 111 representing a three-dimensional virtual space not including the three-dimensional shape data of the object may be used. In this case, the monitoring range model 114 does not consider any interference with the floor surface, and as a result, the accuracy of detecting that the monitoring range model 114 is located within the monitoring range 7 is further reduced. However, since the calculation amount of the monitoring detection device 1 can be suppressed most, it is useful when it is desired to easily detect that the monitoring detection device 1 is located within the monitoring range 7.

  The said Example is an Example at the time of the surveillance camera 2 functioning as a monitoring apparatus in this invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an infrared sensor that detects the presence / absence of a person based on a change in the amount of received infrared light emitted from the person may function as the monitoring device of the present invention. In this case, the monitoring condition information 112 of the storage unit 11 stores sensor installation condition information regarding the installation position and monitoring direction of the infrared sensor, and monitoring angle information that defines the monitoring range (detection range) of the sensor. The monitoring range model 114 of the storage unit 11 stores three-dimensional shape data that is modeled by imitating the monitoring range of the infrared sensor, generated by the model generation unit 121 of the control unit 12. In addition to the infrared sensor, a spatial sensor that can uniquely define a monitoring range by setting installation condition information and monitoring angle information such as a microwave sensor or an ultrasonic sensor may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Monitoring detection apparatus 2 ... Monitoring camera 4 ... Detection notification 7 ... Monitoring range 8 ... User 9 ... Building 11 ... Memory | storage part 12 ... Control part 14. ..Position acquisition unit 15 ... output unit 16 ... input unit 111 ... location model 112 ... monitoring condition information 113 ... position information 114 ... monitoring range model 121 ... model generation means 122... Determination means

Claims (4)

A monitoring detection device that detects whether or not the monitoring device is located within a monitoring range,
A position acquisition unit for acquiring the current position;
A place model representing a place monitored by the monitoring device as a three-dimensional virtual space;
The monitoring condition information in which the installation position, the monitoring direction, and the monitoring angle information of the monitoring device are associated with the location model, and the location information in which the current location acquired by the location acquisition unit is associated with the location model are stored. A storage unit to
Model generating means for generating a monitoring range model representing a monitoring range of the monitoring device using the monitoring condition information and the location model;
Determination means for determining whether or not a position corresponding to the position information is included in the monitoring range model;
A monitoring detection apparatus comprising: an output unit that outputs a determination result by the determination unit.   The monitoring detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the place model represents a three-dimensional virtual space including an object existing at the monitoring place. The monitoring device is a camera that images the monitoring location;
The monitoring detection apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the monitoring direction information and the monitoring angle information of the monitoring condition information are an optical axis and an angle of view information of the second imaging unit, respectively. The monitoring detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring apparatus is an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or a microwave sensor.

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