JP2012202535A - Wheel type construction machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wheel type construction machine capable of improving the durability and reliability of an axle device by cooling a lubricating oil according to a load during the operation of the axle device.SOLUTION: A guide member 43 is provided in the differential case 14 of a casing 13. The guide member 43 is configured to utilize a torque generated when the bevel ring gear 26 of a differential mechanism 21 is rotationally driven to guide and supply a lubricating oil 38 scooped by the bevel ring gear 26 to an inflow port 41 connected with an external cooling piping 40. Accordingly, the guide member 43 can positively supply the lubricating oil 38 to the inflow port 41 by using the torque of the bevel ring gear 26. Furthermore, in a high load state in which the bevel ring gear 26 and the like of the differential mechanism 21 are rotated at high speed, the supply amount of the lubricating oil 38 to the external piping 40 can be increased according to the rotation number of the bevel ring gear 26.

Description

  The present invention relates to a wheel-type construction machine such as a wheel loader that rotationally drives left and right wheels via an axle device, for example.

  In general, for example, a wheel loader is known as a wheel-type construction machine. In this wheel loader, a front vehicle body is connected to the front side of a rear vehicle body so as to be swingable leftward and rightward, and a work device including an arm, a bucket, and the like is attached to the front vehicle body. In addition, an engine, a torque converter, a transmission, a hydraulic pump, and the like are mounted on the rear vehicle body, and the power of the engine is transmitted to the transmission via the torque converter.

  Further, the front and rear vehicle bodies are provided with axle devices that rotate the left and right wheels by being connected to the output shaft of the transmission via a propeller shaft. The axle devices are provided in the left and right directions. A casing formed of a differential case disposed in the middle portion and left and right axle tubes extending outward in the left and right directions from the differential case, in which lubricating oil is stored, and in the differential case of the casing A differential mechanism that distributes the rotational force of the drive source to the left and right wheels via a ring gear that is connected to the drive source, and extends through each axle tube of the casing and is attached to the distal end side. With the axle shaft that transmits the rotation by the differential mechanism to the wheel It is substantially constituted.

  Here, the wheel loader repeats the work of moving forward, thrusting the bucket into the pile of earth and sand, and lifting and loading the bucket together with a large amount of earth and sand. For this reason, since braking is frequently applied by the brake mechanism provided in the casing, the temperature in the casing rises due to the frictional heat of the brake mechanism, which may shorten the life of the seal member and the packing. Therefore, the axle device is provided with a configuration for cooling the lubricating oil in the casing.

  As a configuration for cooling the lubricating oil, there is one in which an oil cooler is provided in a casing (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, there is a tank in which a part of the lubricating oil scraped up in the casing is stored, and when the lubricating oil in this tank is circulated through the external pipe to the axle tube, the lubricating oil is cooled by outside air. Yes (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2008-240821 A JP 2008-240822 A

  By the way, like the above-mentioned invention of Patent Document 1, in order to incorporate the oil cooler in the casing, it is necessary to enlarge the casing, and there is a problem that the whole axle device is enlarged. Further, since the number of parts to be attached increases, there are problems that the assembly workability is lowered and the manufacturing cost is increased.

  On the other hand, in invention of patent document 2, it is set as the structure which distribute | circulates the lubricating oil stored in the tank in a casing to the external piping side with dead weight. In this case, the flow rate of the lubricating oil flowing into the cooling external pipe is always constant, and in a high load state where the ring gear or the like rotates at a high speed, the temperature of the lubricating oil rises greatly. There is a risk that it will not be possible.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to cool the lubricating oil in accordance with the load during operation of the axle device, such as durability and reliability of the axle device. The object of the present invention is to provide a wheel-type construction machine that can improve the performance of the vehicle.

  A wheel-type construction machine according to the present invention comprises a vehicle body provided with a drive source, and an axle device that is provided on the lower side of the vehicle body and is connected to the drive source to drive the left and right wheels to rotate. The axle device is formed by a differential case disposed in the middle portion in the left and right directions and a left and right axle tube extending outward from the differential case in the left and right directions, in which lubricating oil is stored. A casing, a differential mechanism that distributes the rotational force of the driving source to the left and right wheels via a ring gear provided in the differential case of the casing and connected to the driving source, and in each axle tube of the casing An axle that extends through the differential mechanism to the wheel attached to the front end side And an inflow port provided along the outer surface of the casing, an inflow port provided to open to the differential case and allowing the lubricating oil in the differential case to flow into the external pipe, and lower than the inflow port And an outflow port that opens to the axle tube at a position and allows the lubricating oil to flow out from the external pipe into the axle tube.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the feature of the configuration adopted by the invention of claim 1 is that in the differential case of the casing, lubricating oil that the ring gear lifts up by the rotational force of the ring gear of the differential mechanism. A guide member for guiding and supplying to the inflow port is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the differential case of the casing includes a main body case having an opening on the upper side and a lid that closes the opening of the main body case, and the guide member is a lower surface of the lid. It is that it was set as the structure provided in.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the guide member is disposed between a gear outer peripheral surface of the ring gear of the differential mechanism and the inflow port, and the gear outer peripheral surface of the ring gear is sandwiched from the connecting portion. A pair of oil collecting frames are formed in a V shape or U shape, and the connection portion has a supply port for supplying the lubricating oil collected by each oil collecting frame to a position facing the inflow port. There is a configuration to provide.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the lubricating oil in the differential case of the casing flows into the inflow port, flows through the external piping, and flows out from the outflow port into the axle tube. At this time, the external pipe can cool the lubricating oil by radiating the heat of the lubricating oil flowing through the inside to the atmosphere by applying wind when the vehicle body travels. The cooled lubricating oil that has flowed into the axle tube flows toward the differential case, and can cool a brake mechanism, a speed reduction mechanism, and the like provided in the middle of the differential case.

  Here, since the guide member is provided in the differential case, the lubricating oil lifted up by the ring gear of the differential mechanism can be supplied toward the inflow port of the external pipe by the guide member. In addition, the guide member can positively supply the lubricating oil to the inflow port by utilizing the rotational force of the ring gear. Therefore, in a high load state where the ring gear of the differential mechanism rotates at a high speed, the amount of lubricating oil supplied to the external pipe can be increased according to the number of rotations of the ring gear.

  As a result, when the temperature of the lubricating oil rises due to the high load operation, the amount of the lubricating oil supplied to the external pipe can be increased, and the lubricating oil can be effectively cooled according to the operating condition. . Thereby, the life of the lubricating oil, the seal member, the packing, etc. can be extended, and the durability, reliability, etc. of the axle device can be improved. Further, since the flow rate of the lubricating oil flowing from the axle tube to the differential case also increases, for example, a brake mechanism that imposes a heavy load due to a high load operation can be reliably cooled by the cold lubricating oil.

  According to the invention of claim 2, by providing the guide member on the lower surface of the lid body, the guide member can be attached and detached together when the lid body is attached to and removed from the case body. In this configuration, the guide member can be provided at a predetermined position with respect to the differential case only by attaching the guide member to the lower surface of the existing lid.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the V-shaped or U-shaped oil collecting frame that sandwiches the outer peripheral surface of the ring gear can efficiently collect the lubricating oil that has been scraped up and scattered by the ring gear. Can be supplied to the connecting portion side. Moreover, since the rotational force (centrifugal force) of the ring gear can be used for the connecting portion, the scraped lubricating oil can be actively circulated toward the supply port. The lubricating oil can be poured.

It is a front view which shows the wheel loader which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a left view which expands and shows the front axle apparatus in FIG. 1 from the front. It is a top view which shows the front side axle apparatus of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the principal part expansion which looked at the front side axle apparatus from the arrow IV-IV direction in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the principal part expansion which looked at the internal structure of the front side axle apparatus from the arrow VV direction in FIG. It is sectional drawing which looked at the front side axle apparatus which is scooping up lubricating oil with a ring gear from the arrow VI-VI direction in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the principal part expansion which looked at the casing, the differential mechanism, the brake mechanism, the guide member, etc. from the arrow VII-VII direction in FIG. It is the external appearance perspective view which looked at the single guide member from the back side. It is the external appearance perspective view which looked at the single guide member from the front side. It is a top view of a single guide member. It is the external appearance perspective view which looked at the guide member by a modification from the same position as FIG.

  Hereinafter, as a typical example of the wheel type construction machine according to the embodiment of the present invention, a wheel loader will be described as an example, and a detailed description will be given according to FIGS.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a wheel loader as a wheel-type construction machine. The wheel loader 1 is connected to a rear vehicle body 2 and a front vehicle body 3 that is swingably connected to the front side of the rear vehicle body 2 in the left and right directions. A rear wheel 4 provided on the left and right sides of the rear vehicle body 2 and the front vehicle body 3, a front wheel 5 (only the right side is shown), and a work provided on the front side of the front vehicle body 3 so as to be able to move up and down. The apparatus 6 is roughly constituted by axle apparatuses 11 and 12 described later.

  Here, the rear vehicle body 2 is mounted with an engine 7 serving as a drive source, a torque converter 8, a transmission 9, a hydraulic pump (not shown), and the like. The transmission 9 is connected to axle devices 11 and 12 via propeller shafts 9A and 9B. On the upper side of the rear body 2, a cab 10 on which an operator gets on is provided.

  Reference numeral 11 denotes a rear axle device provided on the lower side of the rear vehicle body 2. The rear axle device 11 is formed to extend in the left and right directions, and the rear wheel 4 is provided at both left and right ends thereof. Is installed.

  On the other hand, 12 is a front axle device that is located below the front vehicle body 3, and this front axle device 12 is formed to extend in the left and right directions, like the rear axle device 11, Front wheels 5 are attached to both left and right ends.

  Here, since the rear axle device 11 and the front axle device 12 are configured in substantially the same manner, the configuration of the front axle device 12 will be described in detail, and the description of the configuration of the rear axle device 11 will be omitted. And

  The front axle device 12 rotates the left and right front wheels 5 by being connected to the propeller shaft 9B. The front axle device 12 includes a casing 13, a differential mechanism 21, a planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 27, an axle shaft 32, a brake mechanism 33, an external pipe 40, an inflow port 41, which will be described later, as shown in FIGS. An outflow port 42, a guide member 43, and the like are included.

  A casing 13 forms the outer shape of the front axle device 12. The casing 13 is located in the middle of the left and right directions, and is attached to a differential case 14 (hereinafter referred to as a differential case 14) that houses the differential mechanism 21 and the like, and is attached to both the left and right sides of the differential case 14, and will be described later. The planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 27, the axle shaft 32, and the like are roughly constituted by the left and right axle tubes 18. Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the differential case 14 includes a main body case 15 and a lid 16 which will be described later.

  Reference numeral 15 denotes a main body case that constitutes a main body portion of the differential case 14, and the main body case 15 is formed as a box-shaped body having a U-shaped cross section with an opening 15A on the upper side. An annular partition wall 15B is formed on both the left and right sides of the main body case 15 with a reduced diameter, and an opening (not shown) for circulating the lubricating oil 38 returned from the axle tube 18 is formed in the partition wall 15B. Is provided. Thus, the inside of the main body case 15 is partitioned into a central gear chamber 15C and left and right brake chambers 15D. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a projecting cylinder 15E is provided on the rear side of the main body case 15 so as to project toward the transmission 9, and an input shaft 19 described later is disposed in the projecting cylinder 15E. Yes.

  Reference numeral 16 denotes a lid that closes the upper side of the main body case 15, and the lid 16 is formed as a substantially rectangular plate as shown in FIG. The periphery of the lid 16 is attached to the opening 15A of the main body case 15 by a large number of bolts 17 so as to be removable. As shown in FIG. 7, a guide member 43, which will be described later, is attached to the lower surface 16 </ b> A of the lid 16 using a plurality of bolts 17. Further, a cylindrical breathing valve attachment port 16B is provided at a position on the right side of the lid 16 so as to protrude downward, and a later-described breathing valve 39 is connected to the breathing valve attachment port 16B.

  Reference numeral 18 denotes left and right axle tubes attached to the left and right sides of the differential case 14. Each axle tube 18 has a planetary gear reduction mechanism 27, an axle shaft 32, and the like to be described later disposed therein, and is formed as a cylindrical body extending in the left and right directions. Each axle tube 18 is bolted to the left and right ends of the body case 15 constituting the differential case 14 at the base end side, whereby the inside of the base end side of the axle tube 18 is connected to the planetary gear reduction mechanism 27. It is a speed reduction mechanism chamber 18A to be accommodated.

  Here, each axle tube 18 is formed so as to become gradually thinner from the proximal end side which is the differential case 14 side toward the distal end side which is the front wheel 5 side. Specifically, the base end side of the axle tube 18 is a large-diameter cylindrical portion 18B that covers the speed reduction mechanism chamber 18A, and the distal end side of the large-diameter cylindrical portion 18B is attached to the front vehicle body 3 side. It becomes a portion 18C, and a tip end side from the mounting portion 18C is a small diameter cylindrical portion 18D through which the axle shaft 32 passes. Since the position of the small-diameter cylindrical portion 18D is far from the differential mechanism 21, the brake mechanism 33, and the like that are heat sources during operation, the lubricating oil 38 is suppressed to a low temperature.

  Since the axle tube 18 is formed so as to gradually become thinner from the differential case 14 side toward the front wheel 5 side, the lubricating oil 38 supplied to the small-diameter cylindrical portion 18D through the external pipe 40 and the like described later is the small-diameter cylindrical portion 18D. The difference between the mounting portion 18C and the large diameter cylindrical portion 18B can be returned to the differential case 14 side.

  Reference numeral 19 denotes an input shaft that is rotatably provided in the protruding cylinder 15 </ b> E of the main body case 15 via the bearings 20. As for this input shaft 19, the flange part 19A which protruded outside is connected to the propeller shaft 9B. On the inner side of the input shaft 19, a pinion gear 19B made of a bevel gear is provided.

  Reference numeral 21 denotes a differential mechanism housed in the gear chamber 15C of the main body case 15. The differential mechanism 21 distributes the rotational force of the output shaft of the transmission 9 to the left and right front wheels 5. That is, the differential mechanism 21 is rotatable to a gear case 22 rotatably supported by the respective partition walls 15B of the main body case 15 via the bearings 20 with the left and right directions as axes, and a spider 22A fixed in the gear case 22. A plurality of pinion gears 23, two side gears 24 meshing with the respective pinion gears 23, one end side being splined to the side gear 24, and the other end side extending left and right toward the axle shaft 32. The two rotary shafts 25 are generally configured.

  Further, on the outer peripheral side of the gear case 22, for example, a mounting flange 22 </ b> B is provided with an enlarged diameter located at the left end in the left and right directions, and a bevel ring gear 26 is attached to the mounting flange 22 </ b> B.

  Here, reference numeral 26 denotes a bevel ring gear that constitutes a part of the differential mechanism 21. The bevel ring gear 26 is connected to the transmission 9 by meshing with the pinion gear 19 </ b> B of the input shaft 19. The bevel ring gear 26 is disposed on the left side of the gear chamber 15 </ b> C of the main body case 15 and is bolted to the mounting flange 22 </ b> B of the gear case 22. Further, the outer diameter of the bevel ring gear 26 is such that the peripheral gear outer peripheral surface 26A is separated from the inner surface of the gear chamber 15C with a predetermined gap. As a result, the bevel ring gear 26 is immersed in about half of the lubricating oil 38, and when it is driven to rotate, the lubricating oil 38 in the gear chamber 15 can be lifted up.

  In the differential mechanism 21 configured as described above, when the rotational force of the transmission 9 is transmitted to the gear case 22 via the input shaft 19 (pinion gear 19B) and the bevel ring gear 26, the left and right sides via the pinion gears 23 and the side gear 24 are used. The rotary shaft 25 is appropriately rotated.

  Reference numeral 27 denotes a planetary gear reduction mechanism provided in the reduction mechanism chamber 18A of the left and right axle tubes 18. Each planetary gear reduction mechanism 27 decelerates the rotation of the rotary shaft 25 and transmits it to an axle shaft 32 described later. To do. Each planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 27 includes a sun gear 28 integrally formed on the other end side of the rotary shaft 25, a ring gear 29 fixedly provided on the inner peripheral side of the axle tube 18, the sun gear 28 and the ring gear 29. And a plurality of planet gears 30 (only one is shown) and a carrier 31 that rotatably supports each planet gear 30.

  An axle shaft 32 is rotatably provided in the left and right axle tubes 18, and each axle shaft 32 is splined to the carrier 31 at the base end side. On the other hand, the front end side of each axle shaft 32 protrudes from the axle tube 18, and the front wheel 5 is attached to the end portion.

  Reference numeral 33 denotes a brake mechanism provided in the left and right brake chambers 15D of the differential case 14, and each brake mechanism 33 is configured as a wet multi-plate brake mechanism, for example. The brake mechanism 33 includes a plurality of brake discs 35 splined to the outer peripheral side of the rotary shaft 25 via a hub 34, and a brake that faces the brake disc 35 and is non-rotatably attached to the main body case 15. The plate 36 and a piston 37 that presses the brake plate 36 against the brake disc 35 by external oil pressure are roughly constituted.

  Each brake mechanism 33, for example, depresses a brake pedal (not shown), moves the piston 37 by hydraulic pressure, and presses the brake plate 36 against the brake disc 35 to generate a braking force with a frictional force. Occurs and brakes the front wheel 5.

  Reference numeral 38 denotes lubricating oil stored in the casing 13 (see FIGS. 6 and 7). The lubricating oil 38 includes the gears 19B, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, and 30, the spline coupling portions, and the bearings 20. It lubricates and cools etc. Here, openings (not shown) for distribution are formed in members that block the flow of the lubricating oil 38, such as the respective partition walls 15B of the main body case 15 and the respective brake discs 35 of the brake mechanism 33, and lubrication is performed by these openings. The oil 38 is convected to prevent only a portion of the lubricating oil 38 from rising in temperature.

  Reference numeral 39 denotes a breathing valve attached to the breathing valve attachment port 16B of the lid 16 via a tube 39A (see FIGS. 2 and 7). The breathing valve 39 prevents the pressure in the casing 13 from fluctuating greatly by breathing air between the inside and the outside of the casing 13.

  Next, a cooling structure provided in the front axle device 12 in order to cool the lubricating oil 38 stored in the casing 13 will be described.

  Reference numeral 40 denotes left and right external pipes provided along the outer surface of the casing 13 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The left and right external pipes 40 are disposed at the front side position of the casing 13 so that a large amount of outside air (running wind) is applied when the wheel loader 1 travels most forward as the travel direction of the wheel loader 1. Each external pipe 40 discharges the heat of the lubricating oil 38 flowing through the inside into the outside air and cools the lubricating oil 38, and thus is formed of a metal pipe having good thermal conductivity. Each of the external pipes 40 is attached to an inlet port 41 (described later) with an upstream end located on the center side in the left and right directions near the upper side of the differential case 14, and a downstream end located on the outside in the left and right directions is an axle. It is located in the small diameter cylindrical portion 18D of the tube 18 and is attached to an outflow port 42 described later.

  Reference numeral 41 denotes an inflow port attached to an upper position of the front surface portion of the main body case 15. This inflow port 41 is formed as a T-shaped joint having one inlet and two outlets. The inflow port 41 is disposed on the front side of the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21, and a cylindrical thread portion 41 </ b> A serving as an inlet side is screwed into the main body case 15. At this time, as shown in FIG. 6, the opening 41 </ b> B of the screw portion 41 </ b> A is supplied from the supply port 48 of the guide member 43 by opening rearward and facing a supply port 48 of the guide member 43 described later. The lubricating oil 38 can be efficiently introduced. On the other hand, the upstream ends of the external pipes 40 are respectively attached to the two outlet portions.

  Reference numeral 42 denotes an outflow port attached to the front part of each of the left and right axle tubes 18. The left and right outflow ports 42 are formed as L-shaped joints bent at substantially right angles. Each outflow port 42 is attached to a position lower than the inflow port 41, that is, an upper intermediate portion and a lower intermediate portion of the small diameter cylindrical portion 18 </ b> D of the axle tube 18.

  Thereby, the lubricating oil 38 that has flowed into the inflow port 41 flows to the downstream side through the external pipe 40 due to its own weight, and flows out from the outflow port 42 into the small-diameter cylindrical portion 18D of the axle tube 18. At this time, the lubricating oil 38 can be further cooled by being mixed with the lubricating oil 38 in the axle tube 18.

  Next, a configuration for enhancing the cooling performance by the cooling structure of the above-described front axle device 12 according to the operation state of the differential mechanism 21 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 6 to 10.

  Reference numeral 43 denotes a guide member provided in the differential case 14 of the casing 13. The guide member 43 is attached to the lower surface 16 </ b> A of the lid body 16 so as to surround the upper portion of the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21. The guide member 43 enhances the cooling performance of the lubricating oil 38 when the operation state of the differential mechanism 21, that is, when the rotation speed of the bevel ring gear 26 is high. Specifically, the guide member 43 guides and supplies the lubricating oil 38 lifted by the bevel ring gear 26 toward the opening 41B of the inflow port 41 by the rotational force of the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21. It is.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the guide member 43 is formed by bending or fixing a plate material cut into a predetermined shape. The guide member 43 includes a trapezoidal connecting portion 44 positioned on the front side, and a left oil collecting frame 45 and a right oil collecting frame 46 that extend rearward from the connecting portion 44 in the left and right directions. It is formed in a letter shape or a U-shape. Between the left and right oil collecting frames 45, 46 is a rectangular cutout groove 47 for arranging the bevel ring gear 26, and on the extension line to the front side of the cutout groove 47, A supply port 48 is formed at the (front) portion.

  The connecting portion 44 of the guide member 43 is disposed between the gear outer peripheral surface 26 </ b> A of the bevel ring gear 26 and the inflow port 41, and the tapered front end portion 44 </ b> A is close to the tip of the screw portion 41 </ b> A of the inflow port 41. (See FIG. 6).

  The left oil collecting frame 45 is disposed on the left side of the bevel ring gear 26 and is formed in a U-shaped cross section by a lower surface plate 45A, a side surface plate 45B, and an upper surface plate 45C. As shown in FIG. 7, the strip-shaped lower surface plate 45 </ b> A has an angle α so that the rear side becomes higher as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in order to avoid the mounting flange 22 </ b> B provided in the gear case 22 of the differential mechanism 21. It is inclined with. The forward downward inclination of the lower surface plate 45A allows the lubricating oil 38 collected on the lower surface plate 45A to flow efficiently to the front connecting portion 44 side.

  A guide plate 45D bent to the right along the trapezoidal connecting portion 44 is provided at the front side position of the side plate 45B. The guide plate 45D directs the lubricating oil 38 flowing on the lower surface plate 45A to the supply port 48. To guide you. In the upper surface plate 45C, for example, three female screw holes 45E using welding nuts are formed.

  On the other hand, the right oil collecting frame 46 is disposed on the right side of the bevel ring gear 26 and is formed in a U-shaped cross section by a lower surface plate 46A, a side surface plate 46B, and an upper surface plate 46C. As shown in FIG. 7 and the like, the lower surface plate 46A is formed in a triangular shape so as to spread the lubricating oil 38 scraped up by the bevel ring gear 26 over a wide range so as to spread substantially horizontally and rearward. The side plate 46B is inclined leftward toward the front side along the triangular bottom plate 46A. Thus, the side plate 46B can guide the lubricating oil 38 flowing on the lower plate 46A toward the supply port 48. For example, three female screw holes 46D using welding nuts are formed in the upper surface plate 46C.

  Further, the supply port 48 is positioned to face the opening 41B of the inflow port 41 by narrowing the front end 44A of the connecting portion 44 by the guide plate 45D of the left oil collection frame 45 and the side plate 46B of the right oil collection frame 46. Is formed. Thereby, the supply port 48 can supply the lubricating oil 38 collected by the oil collecting frames 45 and 46 to the opening 41 </ b> B of the inflow port 41.

  The guide member 43 abuts the upper surface plates 45C and 46C of the oil collecting frames 45 and 46 on the lower surface 16A of the lid body 16 and screws the bolts 17 inserted into the lid body 16 into the female screw holes 45E and 46D in this state. By wearing, it can be attached to the left side of the lower surface 16A of the lid 16. By attaching the lid body 16 to which the guide member 43 is attached to the opening 15 </ b> A of the main body case 15, the guide member 43 can be disposed at a predetermined position in the differential case 14.

  Specifically, the guide member 43 has the connecting portion 44 between the gear outer peripheral surface 26 </ b> A of the bevel ring gear 26 and the screw portion 41 </ b> A of the inflow port 41 by disposing the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21 in the notch groove 47. Can be arranged. Further, the lower surface plate 45A of the left oil collection frame 45 and the lower surface plate 46A of the right oil collection frame 46 can be arranged with the gear outer peripheral surface 26A of the bevel ring gear 26 interposed therebetween. Thereby, the lubricating oil 38 collected by the oil collecting frames 45 and 46 as the bevel ring gear 26 is lifted up can be supplied from the supply port 48 to the opening 41 </ b> B of the inflow port 41.

  Moreover, when traveling forward, the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21 rotates in the direction indicated by arrow A in FIG. 6, so that the lubricating oil 38 scraped up by the bevel ring gear 26 can be blown toward the front side. Thus, the lubricating oil 38 can be forcibly supplied toward the supply port 48 and the opening 41B of the inflow port 41 using the rotational force of the bevel ring gear 26. Therefore, when the bevel ring gear 26 rotates at a high speed, a large amount of the lubricating oil 38 can be supplied to the inflow port 41 side, and the cooling performance of the lubricating oil 38 can be enhanced.

  Here, since the right oil collecting frame 46 of the guide member 43 is disposed so as to block between the bevel ring gear 26 and the breathing valve mounting port 16B of the lid body 16, the right oil collection frame 46 is scraped up by the rotation of the bevel ring gear 26. The lubricating oil 38 can be prevented from adhering to the breathing valve attachment port 16B, and the leakage of the lubricating oil 38 from the breathing valve 39 can be prevented.

  The wheel loader 1 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, and the operation thereof will be described next.

  An operator who has boarded the cab 10 operates surrounding levers and pedals (both not shown) to operate the transmission 9 for traveling, and the rotational force of the output shaft of the transmission 9 is applied to the propeller shaft 9B and the input shaft. 19, the transmission is transmitted to the respective axle shafts 32 through the differential mechanism 21 and the left and right planetary gear reduction mechanisms 27. Thereby, the left and right front wheels 5 connected to the axle shafts 32 can be rotationally driven. Similarly, by transmitting the rotation of the output shaft of the transmission 9 from the propeller shaft 9A to the rear axle device 11, the left and right rear wheels 4 can be rotationally driven.

  Thus, the wheel loader 1 can be driven toward the work site by rotationally driving the front and rear wheels 5 and 4. When the vehicle turns in either the left or right direction during traveling, each pinion gear 23 of the differential mechanism 21 rotates to transmit a rotational force to each side gear 24. Thus, for example, when turning to the left, the rotational speed of the left wheels 5 and 4 on the inner ring side can be made lower than the rotational speed of the right wheels 5 and 4 on the outer ring side, It can bend smoothly due to the difference in rotational speed between the wheels 5 and 4.

  Further, when the vehicle is running, by operating a brake pedal (not shown), the brake mechanism 33 can generate a braking force on the axle shaft 32 to decelerate or stop. On the other hand, by operating the working device 6 while traveling, it is possible to perform earth loading work and the like.

  Here, the axle devices 11 and 12 that transmit the rotational force of the output shaft of the transmission 9 to the wheels 4 and 5 cause a temperature rise due to frictional heat of the brake mechanism 33 or the like. Therefore, for example, the cooling method for the lubricating oil 38 will be described by taking the front axle device 12 as an example.

  The lubricating oil 38 whose temperature has risen in the differential case 14 is swept up by the rotating bevel ring gear 26 and guided toward the inflow port 41 by the guide member 43. At this time, the lubricating oil 38 can be forcibly supplied toward the front side, that is, the inflow port 41 by using the rotational force of the bevel ring gear 26. As a result, a large amount of lubricating oil 38 can be circulated in each external pipe 40, and the lubricating oil 38 can be effectively cooled by releasing the heat of the lubricating oil 38 into the air.

  The lubricating oil 38 that has flowed into the small-diameter cylindrical portion 18D of the axle tube 18 through each external pipe 40 flows back to the differential case 14 side in the axle tube 18 due to the height difference. At this time, the differential mechanism 21, the planetary gear reduction mechanism 27, the brake mechanism 33, and the like can be cooled by the cooled lubricating oil 38.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, by providing the guide member 43 in the differential case 14 of the casing 13, the rotational force when the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21 is rotationally driven is used, and the bevel ring gear 26 is scraped. It is configured to guide and supply the lubricating oil 38 to be raised toward the inflow port 41 connected to the external pipe 40 for cooling.

  Therefore, the lubricating oil 38 lifted up by the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21 can be supplied toward the external pipe 40 by the guide member 43. Further, the guide member 43 can positively supply the lubricating oil 38 to the inflow port 41 by utilizing the rotational force of the bevel ring gear 26. In addition, in a high load state where the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21 rotates at a high speed, the supply amount of the lubricating oil 38 to the external pipe 40 can be increased according to the rotation speed of the bevel ring gear 26.

  As a result, when the temperature of the lubricating oil 38 in the differential case 14 rises due to a high load operation, the amount of the lubricating oil 38 supplied to the external pipe 40 can be increased, and the lubricating oil 38 can be used in accordance with the operating conditions. It can be cooled effectively. Thereby, the lifetime of the lubricating oil 38, the sealing member, packing, etc. can be extended and durability, reliability, etc. of the front side axle apparatus 12 can be improved. Further, since the flow rate of the lubricating oil 38 flowing toward the differential case 14 in the axle tube 18 is also increased, for example, the brake mechanism 33 and the like that are burdened by a high load operation can be reliably cooled by the cooled lubricating oil 38. .

  Further, since the guide member 43 is provided on the lower surface 16A of the lid body 16 of the differential case 14, when the lid body 16 is attached to and detached from the main body case 15, the guide member 43 is attached and removed together. Can do. In this configuration, the guide member 43 can be easily provided at a predetermined position with respect to the differential case 14 simply by attaching the guide member 43 to the lower surface 16A of the existing lid body 16.

  On the other hand, the guide member 43 is provided with V-shaped or U-shaped oil collecting frames 45, 46 sandwiching the outer peripheral surface 26 </ b> A of the bevel ring gear 26, and the bevel ring gear 26 is formed by the oil collecting frames 45, 46. Therefore, the lubricating oil 38 that has been scraped up and scattered can be efficiently collected, and a large amount of the lubricating oil 38 can be supplied to the connecting portion 44 side. At this time, since the rotational force (centrifugal force) of the bevel ring gear 26 can be utilized in the connecting portion 44 and the scraped lubricating oil 38 can be actively circulated toward the supply port 48, the supply port 48. A large amount of lubricating oil 38 can be poured into the inflow port 41 that continues from the pipe to the external pipe 40.

  Further, the right oil collecting frame 46 of the guide member 43 is disposed at a position that blocks between the breathing valve mounting port 16B of the lid body 16 to which the breathing valve 39 is mounted and the bevel ring gear 26 of the differential mechanism 21. The lubricating oil 38 scraped up by the rotation of the ring gear 26 can be prevented from adhering to the breathing valve attachment port 16B, and leakage of the lubricating oil 38 from the breathing valve 39 can be prevented.

  In the embodiment, a case where the lower surface plate 45A of the left oil collection frame 45 of the guide member 43 is provided so as to be inclined forward and the lower surface plate 46A of the right oil collection frame 46 is provided substantially horizontally is taken as an example. explained. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention may be configured as a modification shown in FIG. That is, the guide member 43 ′ is configured so that the lower surface plate 46 </ b> A ′ of the right oil collection frame 46 ′ is inclined forward and downward at an angle α, in substantially the same manner as the lower surface plate 45 </ b> A of the left oil collection frame 45. In this case, the lower surface plate 46A ′ of the right oil collecting frame 46 ′ can flow the collected lubricating oil 38 to the supply port 48 side by using the inclination, and the supply amount of the lubricating oil 38 to the external pipe 40 is increased. can do.

  In the embodiment, the drive source is constituted by the engine 7, the power transmission mechanism is constituted by the torque converter 8 and the transmission 9, and the transmission 9 is connected to the axle devices 11 and 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the torque converter 8 and the transmission 9 are abolished, a hydraulic pump is provided on the output shaft of the engine 7, and a hydraulic closed circuit is configured by the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor. It is good also as a structure which connects a shaft to each axle apparatus 11 and 12 via a continuously variable power transmission mechanism.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment, the case where the external piping 40 and the like are provided on the outer surface of the casing 13 of the front axle device 12 and the guide member 43 is provided in the casing 13 has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an external pipe or a guide member may be provided in the casing of the rear axle device 11.

  Further, in the embodiment, the wheel loader 1 including the axle devices 12 and 11 between the transmission 9 and the front and rear wheels 5 and 4 is described as an example of the wheel-type construction machine. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be widely applied to other wheeled construction machines such as a hydraulic excavator having front and rear wheels, a large dump truck for mining, and a tractor. Moreover, you may apply to the road roller etc. which provided the axle apparatus between the hydraulic motor and the rear wheel.

1 Wheel loader (wheel-type construction machine)
2 Rear body 3 Front body 4 Rear wheel 5 Front wheel 7 Engine (drive source)
8 Torque Converter 9 Transmission 11 Rear Axle Device 12 Front Axle Device 13 Casing 14 Differential Case 15 Body Case 15A Opening 16 Lid 16A Lower Surface 16B Breathing Valve Mounting Port 18 Axle Tube 21 Differential Mechanism 26 Bevel Ring Gear 32 Axle Shaft 38 Lubricating Oil 39 Breathing valve 40 External piping 41 Inflow port 41A Threaded portion 41B Opening portion 42 Outflow port 43, 43 'Guide member 44 Connecting portion 45 Left oil collection frame 46, 46' Right oil collection frame 47 Notch 48 Supply port

Claims (3)

A vehicle body provided with a drive source, and an axle device that is provided on the lower side of the vehicle body and connected to the drive source to rotate the left and right wheels,
The axle device is formed by a differential case disposed in the middle portion in the left and right directions and a left and right axle tube extending from the differential case toward the outside in the left and right directions. Casing, a differential mechanism that distributes the rotational force of the drive source to the left and right wheels via a ring gear provided in a differential case of the casing and connected to the drive source, and each axle tube of the casing An axle shaft that transmits rotation by the differential mechanism to the wheel that extends inward and is attached to the front end side, external piping that is provided along the outer surface of the casing, and an opening provided in the differential case. Let the lubricating oil inside flow into the external piping. An inlet port in said axle tube is open is provided on the wheeled construction machine comprising a outflow port from the external piping to efflux lubricating oil within the axle tube in a position lower than the fluid inlet port,
A wheel characterized in that a guide member is provided in the differential case of the casing for guiding and supplying the lubricating oil, which is lifted up by the ring gear by the rotational force of the ring gear of the differential mechanism, toward the inflow port. Construction machine.   The differential case of the casing includes a main body case having an opening on the upper side and a lid that closes the opening of the main body case, and the guide member is provided on a lower surface of the lid. The wheel type construction machine according to 1.   The guide member includes a connecting portion positioned between a gear outer peripheral surface of the ring gear of the differential mechanism and the inflow port, and a pair of oil collecting frames disposed with the gear outer peripheral surface of the ring gear sandwiched from the connecting portion. And a connection port for supplying the lubricating oil collected by each oil collecting frame at a position facing the inflow port. Or the wheel type construction machine of 2.

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