JP2012193742A - Fire extinguishing pump device and method for operating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fire extinguishing pump device capable of controlling and operating a pump so as to maintain proper water feeding pressure considering water discharging equipment and a place where fire occurs even in a multi-story building.SOLUTION: The fire extinguishing pump device has a plurality of pumps 10 arranged each of a plurality of zones of story layers of the building and a controller 40 controlling operation of the plurality of pumps 10, the plurality of pumps 10 are connected in series, the pump 10 arranged in the lowermost zone of story layers of the plurality of zones of story layers is directly connected to a city water piping, the controller 40 starts the pump 10 arranged in the lowermost zone of story layers when fire occurs in the upper zone of story layers of the plurality of zones of story layers and water is discharged from a water discharging means arranged in the upper zone of story layers.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing pump device that is disposed at a predetermined location of a building and discharges water in the event of a fire and extinguishes the fire.

  In the event of a fire in a building, a fire extinguishing pump device is installed to discharge water to the location where the fire occurred as the initial fire extinguishing. As water discharge facilities, there are a fire hydrant that discharges water via a hose etc. to the place where the fire has occurred through human power, and a sprinkler head device that is placed on the ceiling to cover the necessary area, and automatically discharges water when a fire occurs. The Lord.

  Such a fire pump device is required to operate reliably and effectively in the event of a fire. For example, in the case of a fire that occurs as a secondary disaster due to an earthquake, the normal power supply is often cut off and it is often required to start up with an emergency power supply or continue operation. However, usually, a large amount of electric power is required when starting the fire pump, and there is a possibility of competing with electricity necessary for other facilities. Further, when water is discharged using a sprinkler head device, there is a possibility that water spraying in an appropriate range may not be performed unless an appropriate water discharge pressure is maintained.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a fire extinguishing pump device capable of obtaining a reliable and effective operation under disadvantageous conditions at the time of a disaster and an operating method thereof. For the purpose. Even in high-rise buildings, the pump can be controlled and operated so as to maintain an appropriate water supply pressure in consideration of water discharge facilities and fire locations, etc. However, it aims at providing the fire-extinguishing pump apparatus which can acquire a reliable and effective operation | movement, and its operating method.

  One aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of pumps arranged for each of a plurality of hierarchical sections of a building, and a control device that controls an operation of the plurality of pumps, wherein the plurality of pumps are connected in series. The pumps arranged in the lowermost hierarchy section of the plurality of hierarchy sections are directly connected to the water pipe, and a fire occurs in the upper hierarchy section of the plurality of hierarchy sections, and the upper layer When the water is sprayed from the water discharging means installed in the hierarchical section, the control device starts the pump disposed in the lowermost hierarchical section.

  Another aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of pumps arranged for each of a plurality of hierarchical sections of a building, and a control device that controls an operation of the plurality of pumps, wherein the plurality of pumps are connected in series. And the pump arranged in the lowest hierarchical section of the plurality of hierarchical sections is connected to a water tank, and a fire occurs in the upper hierarchical section of the plurality of hierarchical sections, and the upper layer When the water is sprayed from the water discharging means installed in the hierarchical section, the control device starts the pump disposed in the lowermost hierarchical section.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the control device starts the pumps arranged in the lowermost hierarchical section, and then sequentially starts the plurality of pumps toward the upper hierarchical section. To do.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the control device stores a plurality of set target pressures, and the control device reads the set target pressure of the hierarchical section where the fire has occurred, and further reads the read set target pressure. Based on the above, the target set pressure on the suction side of the pump arranged in the upper hierarchical section is set as the stored set target pressure, or the suction of the pump arranged in the upper hierarchical section is calculated Pressure constant control operation of the pump arranged in the lower hierarchical section so that the detected pressure value of the pressure detector installed on the side becomes the stored or calculated target set pressure on the suction side It is characterized by doing.

  Still another aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of pumps arranged for each of a plurality of hierarchical sections of a building, and a control device that controls an operation of the plurality of pumps, wherein the plurality of pumps are connected in series. The pump disposed in the lowest hierarchical section of the plurality of hierarchical sections is a method for operating a fire pump device directly connected to a water pipe, and is an upper layer of the plurality of hierarchical sections. When a fire occurs in a hierarchical section and water is sprayed from the water discharge means installed in the upper hierarchical section, the pump disposed in the lowermost hierarchical section is started.

  One reference example of the present invention includes an electric pump for pumping water, one or more water discharge means provided on the discharge side of the pump, a pressure detector attached to the discharge side of the pump, And a variable speed control means for controlling the pump so that the discharge pressure becomes a predetermined value based on the output of the pressure detector, and an alarm of occurrence of abnormality is issued during the operation of the pump. In this case, the fire-extinguishing pump device is characterized in that the operation is continued during the operation due to a fire and is stopped during the test operation.

  Another reference example of the present invention includes an electric pump that pumps water, one or a plurality of water discharge means provided on the discharge side of the pump, a pressure detector attached to the discharge side of the pump, Variable speed control means for performing variable speed control so that the discharge pressure of the pump becomes a predetermined value based on the output of the pressure detector, and at least one spare for one of the pumps. A fire-extinguishing pump device characterized in that a variable speed control means is provided.

  Still another reference example of the present invention includes an electric pump that pumps water, one or a plurality of water discharge means provided on the discharge side of the pump, and a pressure detector attached to the discharge side of the pump. And variable speed control means for variable speed control of the pump so that the discharge pressure thereof becomes a predetermined value based on the output of the pressure detector, and the pump and the variable speed control in one building A fire extinguishing pump device characterized in that at least one set of means is provided as a spare.

  Still another reference example of the present invention includes an electric pump that pumps water, one or more water discharge means provided on the discharge side of the pump, a fire occurrence detection means that detects the occurrence of a fire, Control means for controlling the pump based on the output of the fire occurrence detection means, and at least part of output signals from the sensors including the fire occurrence detection means are transmitted to the control means via a wireless communication system A fire-extinguishing pump device characterized by that.

  Still another reference example of the present invention includes an electric pump that pumps water, one or more water discharge means provided on the discharge side of the pump, a fire occurrence detection means that detects the occurrence of a fire, Control means for controlling the pump based on the output of the fire occurrence detection means, and digitizing at least part of the output signals from the sensors including the fire occurrence detection means and transmitting them to the control means It is the fire extinguishing pump device characterized by becoming.

  In addition, in a fire-extinguishing pump device that is provided with a plurality of pumps arranged in a building and that supplies water by connecting these pumps in series according to the situation when a fire occurs, the discharge of these pumps Pressure detectors are provided on the respective sides, and variable speed control means is provided for variable speed control so that the discharge pressure of each pump becomes a predetermined value based on the outputs of the pressure detectors on the discharge side. It may be. In that case, the plurality of pumps may be arranged on different floors of the building, and the lower pump may be connected to be used upstream of the upper pump. Further, the rotation speed of at least one of the plurality of pumps may be controlled so that the discharge pressure of the at least one pump becomes a predetermined target pressure.

  Further, the rotational speed of at least one pump of the plurality of pumps is determined in consideration of a change in the frictional resistance of the pipe from the discharge port of the at least one pump to the water supply point, and the estimated pressure at the water supply point is predetermined. You may make it control so that it may become a target pressure. In this case, a pressure detector is provided on the suction side of the at least one pump, and the estimated pressure at the water supply point is controlled based on the outputs of the two pressure detectors on the suction side and the discharge side. Good.

  According to the fire-extinguishing pump device of the present invention, even in a high-rise building, it is possible to control and operate the pump so as to maintain an appropriate water supply pressure in consideration of water discharge facilities, fire occurrence points, etc. A fire extinguishing pump device that can operate reliably even under adverse conditions at the time of occurrence can be provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the structure of the whole fire-extinguishing pump apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows a water supply unit concretely. It is a side view of a water supply unit. Similarly, it is a side view of a water supply unit. It is a figure which shows the control apparatus of a fire pump apparatus. It is a figure which shows the variable control mechanism of the electric motor for a pump drive. It is a front view of a control panel. It is the (a) side view and (b) back view of a control panel. It is a side view which shows the other example of a control board. It is a figure which shows a display panel. It is a side view which shows the further another example of a control board. It is a graph which shows the rotational speed change at the time of starting of a pump. It is a graph which shows the operation curve in the case of discharge pressure constant control. It is a graph which shows the driving | running curve in the case of estimated terminal pressure control. It is a figure which shows the inverter part of the fire pump apparatus of the other form of this invention. It is a figure which shows the fire pump part of further another embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the temperature rise of the components in the fire pump apparatus of one embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the output curve at the time of the driving | operation more than a rated value in the fire pump apparatus of one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the fire-extinguishing pump apparatus of other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the connection water fire-extinguishing pump apparatus which is other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the connection water fire-extinguishing pump apparatus of further another embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the principal part of the fire pump apparatus of embodiment of FIG. It is a graph which shows the pattern of control of the fire pump apparatus of embodiment of FIG. It is a graph which shows the other pattern of control of the fire pump apparatus of embodiment of FIG. Similarly, it is a graph which shows the further another pattern of control of the fire pump apparatus of embodiment of FIG.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a fire pump device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the fire pump device includes a fire base 10 and a peripheral device attached to the common base 11. It is composed of a water supply unit 12 configured as a unit mounted on top, a water discharge system 14 that operates individually on three floors, a groundwater tank 16 and an auxiliary elevated water tank 17 that are water sources, and a pipe that connects them. In the event of a fire, the water supply unit 12 can supply water from the water source to the water discharge system 14 to perform initial fire extinguishing.

  In the water supply unit 12, as specifically shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the fire extinguishing pump 10, the drive motor 18, the control panel 20, the expelling water tank 22, the heat prevention escape device 24, and the piping that communicates these, Flexible pipe (flexible pipe joint), check valve 70, gate valve 71, test flow rate measuring device 68, pressure detector 72 for starting pump, suction pipe cover, suction pipe foot valve, starting pressure tank to be described later 74 etc. are provided. The fire extinguishing pump 10 is operated in a direct connection type in which a pump main body and an electric motor 18 that drives the pump main body are directly connected on a common base 11 or an integrated direct acting type. A power supply line 25 is connected to the control panel 20, and a normal power supply 27 and an emergency power supply 28 are connected to the control panel 20 via a power supply switching means 26.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the drive motor 18 includes an induction motor 18 and an inverter (frequency converter) 30 provided on the power source side thereof, and is driven while the rotational speed of the motor 18 is controlled by the inverter 30. Can do. A DC brushless motor may be used as the motor 18 and a driver (voltage controller) may be disposed on the power source side.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the inverter 30 includes a semiconductor element 32 that controls electric power, and is disposed in the control panel 20. The inverter 30 includes an integrally provided cooling fin 34 and a means for cooling the cooling fin 34. Yes. That is, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the box of the control panel 20 has holes 21 such as slits and louvers for ventilation, or takes in outside air at a low temperature using a duct, 34 is being cooled. In the case of such air cooling, it is preferable to install the inverter 30 in a place where it is easy to cool by circulating air in the control panel 20. As a simpler method, as shown in FIG. 9, the cooling fin 34 may be protruded and attached to the outside of the box and directly cooled by outside air.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, the water from the cooling water pipe 36 branched from the discharge side pipe of the fire pump 10 is returned to the suction side pipe of the fire pump 10 through the water cooling jacket 38 or returned to the suction water tank. It may be. Thereby, efficient cooling can be performed using the discharge water of the fire pump 10 itself. In addition, the main body of the inverter 30 or the cooling fin 34 may be attached in direct contact with the expiratory water tank 22 without using the water cooling jacket, and the water stored in the expelled water tank 22 may be used for cooling.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a control device 40 using a microcomputer is provided in the control panel 20 to perform operation of the fire pump 10, control of the rotation speed of the electric motor 18, PI control of pressure, and the like. . The control device 40 may be provided with a dedicated device for each operation so as to be linked to each other, or may be shared by a single control device.

  In the control panel 20, when the pump / motor 18 is repaired or inspected, a circuit breaker that cuts off electricity, or when the operating current of the motor 18 becomes overcurrent, a current is detected and an alarm is issued. An overcurrent protection device that monitors the current of the motor 18, calculates the heat generation of the motor 18, and issues an alarm when an overload occurs, or a circuit or circuit after the control panel 20 A leakage protection device that detects a zero-phase current due to the generated leakage and issues an alarm, and an AC reactor 36 that reduces harmonics generated during power conversion on the input side from the inverter AC to the DC (FIGS. 5 and 6) Or a DC reactor is installed.

  The noise filter prevents the high frequency generated during power conversion on the output side from the inverter DC to AC from flowing out of the control panel 20 or the external high frequency noise entering the control panel 20 and causing the control device to malfunction. 38 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) is attached.

  An arrester 23 and a lightning arrester are installed at the entrance of the connection wiring of the control panel 20 to protect the control device against surge voltage and current of induced lightning entering from the outside. On the surface of the control panel 20, operation switches, a liquid crystal display or LED display 42 (see FIGS. 7 and 10) necessary for operating the fire pump 10, switches and setting devices for inputting various settings are attached. ing.

  As the operation switch, a mechanical contact switch or a non-contact switch is used. The display 42 displays characters, numbers, and symbols as segments on the liquid crystal display, displays the state as a segment display, or displays the dot matrix. An LED display can be used to display the same as a liquid crystal display. In the case of an LED display, display may be performed by turning on and off the indicator lamp around the described characters, or by switching the lighting color of the indicator lamp.

  On each floor in the building, a water discharge system 14 including a closed sprinkler head 50 as a water discharge means is provided (see FIG. 1). The water discharge system 14 includes a main pipe 52 extending from the fire pump 10 along the vertical direction of the building, each floor pipe 54 branched from the main pipe 52 on each floor, and branched from each floor pipe 54 in a predetermined area of each floor along the ceiling. And a sprinkler head 50 provided at a predetermined interval along the area pipe 56. The end of the main pipe 52 is connected to the auxiliary elevated water tank 17 disposed on the rooftop or the like via an on-off valve 58 and a check valve 60, for example. An auxiliary water spigot 62 is provided at a predetermined location of each floor pipe 54 as necessary. An end test valve 64 and a pressure indicator 66 are attached to the end of each area pipe 56.

  The suction side of the fire extinguishing pump 10 is connected to a ground water tank 16 which is a water source through a suction pipe 10a. On the upper side of the fire-extinguishing pump 10, there is provided a priming water tank 22 that supplies priming water to a cavity inside the fire-extinguishing pump 10. In this expiratory water tank 22, a constant level of water level is always maintained by the fire pump 10 itself or by an external water supply means, and the fire pump 10 has the original performance. A test device 68 is provided to confirm that the

  A check valve 70 is provided at the base end portion (side connected to the water supply unit 12) of the main pipe 52, and a pressure detector 72 is provided between the on-off valve 71 on the downstream side of the check valve 70. The starting pipe 76 connected to the pressure tank 74 is joined. The start-up pressure tank 74 is managed so as to maintain a predetermined gas pressure (pressure at which water can be discharged from the sprinkler head 50 on the uppermost floor), and a predetermined pressure is always applied to the water in each pipe after the main pipe 52. doing. Each floor pipe 54 is provided with an automatic alarm 78. The output of the automatic alarm 78 is led to the control panel 20 via the receiver 80, and the output of the pressure detector 72 is directly led to the control panel 20, respectively.

  The operation of the fire pump device having the above-described configuration will be described. When a fire occurs in a predetermined area of the building, the sprinkler head 50 in that area detects the fire. For example, the fuse metal that seals the tip of the building melts and opens, and the inside of the pipe pressurized by the activation pressure tank 74 is opened. Water is sprinkled on the area. Due to this watering, the internal pressure of the start-up pressure tank 74 rapidly decreases, and the control device 40 starts the fire pump 10 upon detecting the decrease signal. At the same time, the automatic alarm 78 detects the flow of water in each floor pipe 54 of the floor where the sprinkler head 50 is operated, and the signal is input to the control device 40, so it is determined at which floor a fire has occurred, The control device 40 controls the fire pump device so that water can be discharged on the floor.

Hereinafter, starting and control of the fire pump 10 will be described in detail.
In a preferred embodiment, the rotational speed of the fire pump 10 is variably controlled by the inverter 30 and is gradually increased (soft start) as compared with a normal pump activation. The acceleration of the soft start is increased linearly from zero to the maximum value, or is increased along the S-curve as shown in FIG.

The advantages of increasing the rotational speed of the fire pump 10 along the S-curve are as follows. That is, when the speed is low, the sliding resistance of the sliding part of the rotating body in the electric motor 18 or the pump 10 is large, and an excessive current may flow to activate the overcurrent protection of the inverter 30. On the other hand, it is possible to prevent the operation stop for protecting the inverter 30 from occurring by relatively slowly increasing the rotation speed. That is, the inverter 30 is an electronic device using a semiconductor, and a power element such as an IGBT that controls the power circuit has a sufficient capacity to control the rated current of the electric motor 18. Up to overcurrent such as restrained or inrush current at start-up, the capacity is not large due to economical reasons and dimensional constraints. For this reason, during start-up, the soft start function suppresses the current, and when an overcurrent occurs, the output current is cut off to protect the inverter device.

  In a state where a certain rotational speed has been reached, resistance such as friction is reduced, so acceleration is increased to shorten the time to reach the target pressure. As the speed increases, the centrifugal pump 10 such as the centrifugal pump 10 increases the discharge pressure in proportion to the square of the rotational speed, and therefore reduces the acceleration in order to quickly stabilize the target pressure. Thereby, it becomes difficult to perform a protective operation such as overcurrent, and the discharge pressure of the pump 10 can be stabilized at the target pressure in a faster time.

  At the time of startup, the pressure on the discharge side of the pump 10, that is, the pressure in the main pipe 52 (the detection value of the pressure detector 72) is usually lower than the target pressure due to water sprinkling from the sprinkler head 50. Therefore, the rotational speed at the minimum flow rate of the pump 10 that becomes the discharge target pressure stored in the control device 40 is calculated, and the output frequency of the inverter 30 is increased so as to correspond to this rotational speed. Thereby, the fire extinguishing by the water spray from the sprinkler head 50 is continued by the water sent from the pump 10.

  Next, the control device 40 performs PI or PID control so that the discharge pressure of the pump 10 detected by the pressure detector 72 becomes the target pressure. In one method, as shown in FIG. 13, the discharge pressure of the pump 10 is detected by a pressure detector 72, and discharge pressure constant control is performed so that the discharge pressure is constant regardless of the flow rate. In another method, as shown in FIG. 14, the flow rate is calculated from the rotational speed of the pump 10, and the change in the frictional resistance of the pipe from the discharge port of the pump 10 to the sprinkler head 50 at the end due to the change in the flow rate is taken into consideration. The estimated terminal pressure constant control is performed along the curve.

  In any case, a plurality of values are stored in advance in the control device 40 as the target pressure set value, and the required target pressure set value is determined by a signal from the automatic alarm device in the section where the sprinkler head 50 is opened. Select to perform pressure control operation. Thus, regardless of which floor sprinkler head 50 is operated or how many sprinkler heads 50 are operated, water of a predetermined pressure is supplied to the sprinkler heads 50, and therefore water sprinkling by each sprinkler head 50 is performed. The angle and watering area are maintained properly, and the efficiency of fire fighting can be increased.

  The process of controlling the fire pump 10 will be described in more detail. After a minute time has elapsed after the pump 10 starts to be started by the inverter 30, the PI control function in the control device 40 is operated, and the pressure signal from the pressure detector 72 and the target pressure are calculated by PI control and output. A command frequency signal of the inverter 30 is sent based on the value. Signal transmission uses a method of connecting between the control device 40 and the inverter 30 using an analog signal such as a current signal or a voltage signal or a digital communication signal. Further, the same function may be incorporated in the control circuit (software program) of the inverter 30.

  When the frequency of the inverter 30 rises and the discharge pressure of the pump 10 also rises to reach the target pressure, the control device 40 causes the frequency of the inverter 30, that is, the rotational speed of the pump driving motor 18, from the pressure detector 72. Control is performed by raising and lowering the frequency so that the current pressure and the target pressure coincide. If the detected pressure is higher than the target value, the frequency is decreased, and if the detected pressure is lower, the frequency is increased to converge to the target pressure.

  If the number of sprinklers from the sprinkler head 50 increases due to the expansion of the fire range and the water supply requirement increases, the discharge pressure of the pump 10 decreases, but the frequency of the inverter 30 also increases due to PI control. When the pressure increases, the same discharge pressure is maintained.

  When the sprinkler head 50 in another section is opened due to further fire spread and watering starts, the automatic alarm device of this system is activated, and this signal is sent via the receiver 80 to the fire pump control panel. Enter 20. At this time, if the target pressure signal stored in the control panel 20 of this system is higher than the currently operated target pressure, the control device 40 switches the target pressure to the higher one to increase the frequency of the inverter 30. . Accordingly, the fire pump 10 is operated so that the pressures of both the sprinkler heads 50 are not insufficient.

  In the event of a fire, the electrical system may be damaged by a fire or other factors (earthquake, etc.) and a power failure may occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, a backup system having an emergency power supply in addition to the normal power supply is provided. Yes. The normal power supply is supplied from an electric power company and has a large and stable capacity. On the other hand, the emergency power source uses a private power generation device or a storage battery facility, and generally has a small capacity and a low stability.

  Therefore, in the fire pump 10 of this embodiment, the following control is performed on the assumption that it is started with a normal power source at the time of initial fire extinguishing and switched to an emergency power source in the middle. That is, the fire signal and the start signal of the pressure drop by the start-up pressure air tank 74 return to the initial state when the power failure occurs in the normal electric circuit, and the signal disappears. Therefore, as it is, the fire-extinguishing pump 10 does not start even when energization is resumed by the emergency power supply, and the fire-extinguishing activity is interrupted. Therefore, in this embodiment, the fire pump control panel 20 allows the fire detection signal and the start signal to be input and stored in a relay having a mechanical holding mechanism or a semiconductor memory circuit having a nonvolatile memory function. It has become. Similarly, in the variable-speed fire extinguishing pump 10, various signals and information input from the outside are used in the circuit so that they can be retained even during a power failure, or the circuit is backed up with a primary battery or a secondary battery. ing. Thereby, the pump 10 can be automatically restarted at the time of power recovery.

  As described above, the emergency power supply facility is a facility that is not normally used, and from an economical point of view, the capacity is small and often exceeds the required capacity. Therefore, when many devices start at the same time when switching from the normal power source to the emergency power source, the starting current at the time of starting flows to the electric motor 18, thereby causing a shortage of power capacity and a decrease in voltage and frequency. Inability to start, abnormal heat generation of the electric equipment and the electric motor 18 occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, the control device 40 sends an operation stop signal to the control circuit and power supply equipment circuit of the electrical equipment that are unnecessary in the event of a fire to stop these equipment so that electricity does not flow. The situation is avoided.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, priorities are assigned to disaster prevention devices according to their importance, and when power is restored, the devices are started in this order at preset time intervals. The optimal time is set according to the size of the device and the start time. When the starting time varies depending on the power supply voltage, the voltage value is taken in by the sensor and variably controlled based on this.

  Since the variable speed fire pump 10 of this embodiment has a soft start function in which the speed is made variable by using the inverter 30, for example, a speed arrival signal is returned to the control device 40 to operate all necessary equipment. The start-up time may be varied to optimize to minimize time. This allows all equipment to be completed in the required time and with minimal start-up time.

Similarly, by performing a soft start using the inverter 30 and extending the start time, the start-up rise time of the electric motor 18 can be extended, and the current value at the start-up acceleration can be reduced. That is, when the power supply switching device installed on the power supply side of the fire pump 10 is switched from the normal power supply to the emergency power supply, a switching signal is input to the inverter 30 via the fire pump control panel 20 to change the acceleration time. Instruct. This is because at the time of starting with an emergency power supply, it is preferable to reduce the current value because the power supply capacity is small. The acceleration time during normal power supply and emergency power supply is stored in the control panel 20 of the fire pump 10 or stored in the inverter 30.
Alternatively, it may be started by automatically changing the soft start time so as not to exceed a preset low current value while constantly monitoring the output current value of the inverter 30.

  The inverter 30 is a power conversion device, and can convert an alternating current into a direct current, and further into an alternating current, thereby creating an arbitrary alternating frequency. Harmonics are generated during rectification during the conversion from alternating current to direct current. When the power supply capacity is large, such as a normal power supply, the problem is small, but when the power supply capacity is small, such as an emergency power supply, the generator generates heat due to harmonics. Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to reduce harmonics, an AC reactor is attached to the primary power supply side of the inverter 30 and a DC reactor is attached to the DC circuit after rectification of the inverter 30. In addition, a converter circuit for rectifying the inverter 30 is provided with a sine wave PWM circuit using a switching semiconductor element, the input current waveform to the inverter 30 is made a sine wave, the generation of harmonics is small, and the power factor is close to 100%. I have to. Thereby, by suppressing the generation of harmonics and combining the soft start function, the fire extinguishing pump 10 having a small starting current and a small emergency power source capacity such as a generator can be obtained.

  In general, when an abnormal state is detected in the inverter 30, a protection operation for stopping the operation is performed to protect the inverter 30. In this embodiment, in view of the fact that the fire pump 10 is an important device that must be operated in the event of a disaster, if a protective operation is activated during operation, a certain period of time has elapsed after the operation of the inverter 30 is stopped. Later, it automatically restarts again from zero speed. As a result, when the protection operation is activated due to a temporary cause, the normal operation state is restored if the cause is eliminated. When the protective operation is activated again after restarting, the number of times set in the control device is repeated.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, an inverter bypass circuit 37 is provided in the control panel 20 of the fire pump 10 so as to bypass the inverter circuit and operate the motor 18 directly with the power supply (see FIG. 5). Then, switches 39, 39 are attached to the output side of the inverter 30 and the inverter bypass circuit 37, respectively, and normally only the inverter 30 side is closed for use. The two switches 39 and 39 interlock each other so that both do not close at the same time. When an abnormality occurs and the protection operation exceeds the set number of times, the switch 39 of the inverter detour circuit 37 is closed. In this case, since the electric motor 18 is directly connected to the power source, the electric motor 18 operates at a constant speed based on the power frequency.

  FIG. 15 shows a fire pump device according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which two inverters 30 are installed in parallel between the electric motor 18 and the power supply device. Switches 39 and 39 are provided on the output side of each inverter 30, and the switch 39 only on the inverter 30 side to be operated is closed to drive the electric motor 18. Each switch 39, 39 is mechanically or electrically interlocked with each other so that the two switches 39, 39 are not closed simultaneously. When the protection function is activated for the inverter 30 that is in operation, the operation is automatically switched to the other spare inverter 30 and the operation of the fire-extinguishing pump 10 using the inverter 30 is continued. Thereby, the reliable operation | movement of the fire pump 10 can be performed.

  FIG. 16 shows a fire extinguishing pump device according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which two fire extinguishing pumps 10 including an inverter power supply circuit are installed, and switches 41 and 41 that are connected and separated independently are provided. It is possible to operate independently of each other. Control when the pressure difference between the suction-side piping and the discharge-side piping of the fire-extinguishing pump 10 in operation does not reach the specified pressure, or when the protective function is activated because the detected operating current exceeds the appropriate range. The device 40 switches the fire pump to a spare machine. Thereby, more reliable driving | operation is attained. Of course, an inverter bypass circuit 37 may be provided in at least one inverter circuit of the fire pump 10.

Further, this embodiment can cope with a case where a fire expands beyond expectations. That is, in disaster prevention equipment such as a fire pump device, the number of sprinkler heads 50 to be opened and closed and the number of fire hydrants to be used are stipulated by laws and regulations, and the maximum flow rate is determined based on this. However, in some cases, the sprinkler head 50 may open more than such an assumption, and the water supply capacity of the fire pump 10 will be exceeded, making it impossible to supply a necessary amount of fire water. In this embodiment, when the operating state of the first fire extinguishing pump 10 exceeds a certain limit (rated), for example, the operating frequency of the inverter 30 is maximized in order to maintain the required discharge pressure. If such a state continues for a certain period of time, the control device 40 determines that there is an abnormal fire, and the fire extinguishing pump 10 that is on standby as a spare machine is additionally started. The frequency command signal is also input from the control device 40 to the inverter 30 of the fire pump 10 that is additionally operated, and pressure control is performed to perform two units in parallel operation. Thereby, a large amount of fire-extinguishing water can be supplied, and it is possible to cope with an abnormal fire.
In the above embodiment, two units are arranged in parallel, but three or more units may be arranged in parallel.

  By the way, in the case of only one fire pump 10, the operating state of the fire pump 10 may exceed the rating based on the premise of continuous operation depending on the fire situation. If the operation exceeding the rated value is continued, the current consumption increases, accompanied by heat generation and temperature rise in the electric motor 18 and the power supply device. However, as shown in FIG. 17, it takes a certain amount of time to reach the allowable temperature limit of the device / part. It takes. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 18, the frequency and rotation speed of the inverter 30 and the electric motor 18 can be raised to the rated values or more, and the pump performance can also output the rated values or more. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present invention, a temperature detector is attached to the inverter 30 and the electric motor 18, and the operation is performed while monitoring the temperature. When the temperature approaches the allowable value, the frequency is gradually lowered. The temperature does not exceed the allowable value. As a result, fire extinguishing activities can be performed more than prescribed when an emergency is required in the initial stage and when fire extinguishing is required more than expected. Note that the temperature of the device may be estimated by calculating from a function of the current value and time without installing the sensor directly on the device.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, analog electrical signals between the control panels 20 of the upper and lower fire pumps 10 and between the sensors are converted into digital signals and transmitted / received. In this way, if signals between devices are converted into digital signals and transmitted and received, a plurality of signals are converted and incorporated into one set of signals, and then reconverted on the receiving side. Transmission / reception is possible with one set of signal lines, and construction is facilitated by reducing the number of signal lines.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, transmission / reception of signals between the devices is performed via a wireless communication facility. Since the fire pump 10 is necessary in the event of a disaster, there is a high possibility that a failure will occur in the communication line. Thus, if signals are transmitted and received between devices wirelessly in this way, a highly safe facility is obtained. Furthermore, if an existing radio telephone line is used, the stability is increased and the initial equipment can be implemented at a low cost.

  Further, in this embodiment, a backup power source such as a battery is used for many devices such as sensors. Devices such as sensors must be installed at remote locations and operate reliably in the event of a disaster such as a fire. Moreover, when such a disaster prevention device requires operation | movement, failures, such as a power failure, occur easily. Therefore, a backup battery in the event of a power failure is incorporated in advance in these devices that operate by electricity so that the device operates reliably even in the event of a power failure. As the battery, a primary battery that is easily available and easy to replace or a secondary battery that is easy to maintain is used. In the secondary battery, the battery is normally energized and charged to the battery.

FIG. 19 shows a fire pump device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that each floor pipe 54 is provided with a pressure detector 82.
The point is that the pressure at each floor can be detected. By feeding back the detection values of these pressure detectors 82 to the control device 40, it is possible to perform the estimated end control pressure more accurately.

FIG. 20 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, which is an example applied to a connected water supply system employed in a high-rise building.
In high-rise buildings, the higher the floor, the greater the required head pressure. It is difficult and economical to pressurize such a large pressure with a single fire pump. Each water discharge facility has a predetermined operating pressure range. Therefore, a hierarchical section divided by several levels and connected by the same pipe is configured, and a fire extinguishing pump 10 for pressurization is installed for each of these hierarchical sections. Signals can be transmitted and received by connecting to each control panel 20. On the upper floor, all lower-layer pumps 10 are activated and connected in series for use. In this example, the case of two hierarchical sections is illustrated, but in the case of a higher layer, three or more hierarchical sections are formed in the same manner.

  In this embodiment, each floor pipe 54 is provided with a pressure detector 82, and the detection values of these pressure detectors 82 are fed back to the control device 40. Moreover, the pressure detector 84 is provided in the piping 10a on the suction side of the fire pump 10 in the upper compartment. In addition, the control apparatus 40 is comprised as what integrated and connected the control circuit arrange | positioned at the control panel 20 of each fire extinguishing pump 10, for example.

Hereinafter, the operation of the fire pump device of this embodiment will be described below.
When a fire occurs on the upper floor and the sprinkler head 50 opens and sprinkles water, a start signal is sent to the control panel 20 of the fire pump 10 at that level. The fire pumps 10 in this hierarchical section are not started immediately, and a start signal is sent to the control panel 20 of the fire pump 10 in the lowest hierarchical section. The fire extinguishing pump 10 in the lowest hierarchy section starts while driving the electric motor 18 by inverter control by the control device 40, and operates while controlling the pressure so that the discharge pressure set and stored in the control device 40 in advance is obtained. Do.

  The fire extinguishing pump 10 on the upper floor starts when the pressure signal of the pressure detector 84 installed in the suction pipe 10a becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined operable pressure stored in the control device 40. The control device 40 performs pressure control based on the output value of the pressure detector 82 in the fire occurrence section based on a signal from the automatic alarm device in the fire occurrence section. That is, the inverter 30 is operated by controlling the output frequency so that the output value becomes the set target pressure stored in the control device 40 of the fire pump 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the control device 40 performs constant pressure control such that the set target pressure is achieved by PI control or the like.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the control device 40 may perform control with a curve of the estimated terminal pressure constant control in consideration of piping friction loss after the pressure detector 82. As a result, the fire pump 10 can be operated at the minimum pressure necessary and sufficient for the fire fighting activity, and the pressure at the water discharge end is also made constant, so that a stable water discharge fire fighting operation can be performed. Furthermore, even if pressure fluctuation occurs on the pump suction side, the fluctuation can be eliminated by pressure control. In any case, since pressure detection is performed at a location near the water spout, reliable pressure control is possible due to control at actual pressure.

  On the other hand, the control device 40 reads the set target pressure of the section based on the signal from the automatic alarm device of the fire occurrence section, and further stores the target set pressure on the suction side of the fire pump 10 on the upper floor based on the value. Or from calculated data. Then, the constant pressure control operation is performed such that the detected pressure value of the pressure detector 84 installed on the suction side of the upper level fire extinguishing pump 10 is the target set pressure. As a result, the suction pressure of the upper fire extinguishing pump 10 becomes constant, and an excessive pressure is not applied to the pump, and the pressure is not insufficient, and is stably controlled.

  Further, in this embodiment, by using the inverter 30 to control the pressure, the pressure reducing valve and the primary pressure regulating valve that have been used so that excessive pressure is not applied to the upper level pump suction port are conventionally used. Installation and piping work therefor can be omitted, equipment costs can be reduced, and pressure loss due to this can be eliminated, thereby improving efficiency.

  FIG. 21 shows still another embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a connected water supply system. Instead of the pressure detector 82 near the end in the upper hierarchy, as shown in FIG. A pressure detector 86 is provided in the vicinity of the discharge port, and this is used to perform the estimated terminal pressure constant control. When the piping loss from the pressure detector to the terminal sprinkler head 50 is small, even if the discharge pressure constant control based on the detection value of the pressure detector 86 is performed, the pressure fluctuation due to the change in the flow rate is slight and does not cause a problem. So you can control. In this case, when the distance from the pressure detector 86 to the sprinkler head 50 at the end is large and the height is different, the pipe loss is large. Thus, if the control device 40 performs control with a quadratic curve, the estimated terminal pressure can be controlled constant. This eliminates the need to attach a plurality of pressure detectors 82 to each end, eliminates the need for wiring work for long distance signals from a large number of pressure detectors 82 to the control panel, is inexpensive, and damages the signal line during a fire. The stability of prevention can be ensured.

Furthermore, the estimated terminal pressure can be controlled constant without using an expensive flow meter.
An example of the calculation method will be described with reference to FIG. In this figure, HzA is the rated rotational speed, PA is the target pressure at that time, HzB is the rotational speed in the deadline state, and PB is the target pressure at that time. In the case of the estimated terminal pressure constant control, the target pressure at the time of the minimum water amount (zero) and the maximum water amount is set in advance and stored in the control device 40. When there are many installation sections of the sprinkler head 50 as in this embodiment, a plurality of settings are stored, and the target pressure of that section is adopted based on a signal from the automatic alarm device of the fire occurrence section.

  Then, from the rotational speed (frequency) of the pump that generates the pressure at the minimum water amount (zero) obtained as the pump data and the rotational speed (frequency) of the pump that generates the target pressure at the maximum water amount, the control device 40 The target pressure is calculated and determined for each speed so as to obtain a curve for the constant control of the estimated end pressure by calculating with the function of the relationship between the rotational speed and the pressure programmed in. The rotational speed (frequency) of the pump that determines the control range is recorded in advance at the time of shipment by recording the relationship between the pump used in the storage circuit in the control device 40, the discharge pressure, and the rotational speed, or locally. During the test operation, the rotational speed of the pump is actually raised from 0 to the maximum speed, and at that time, an actual pressure signal may be input from the pressure sensor and stored. In addition, the pressure value at one rotational speed of the pump is input, and in a turbo type pump such as a centrifugal pump, it is known that the pressure is proportional to the square of the ratio of the rotational speed. Calculation may be performed.

  When the fire pump 10 starts operation, the target pressure is calculated from the operation speed, the target pressure is compared with the current pressure signal value, and the target pressure is obtained by performing acceleration / deceleration by PI control. If the operating speed further changes due to acceleration / deceleration, the target pressure is calculated again at the new speed and control is performed. Repeat the above to converge to a stable pressure.

  In the above control, when the suction side pressure of the pump is constant and stable, as shown in FIG. 14, the pressure of the pump can be controlled only by the pressure detector 86 on the discharge side of the pump. When the pressure on the suction side changes, the control curve moves as shown in FIG. 24, so that it cannot be controlled only by the pressure detector 86 on the discharge side. The pressure generated by the pump is a value obtained by subtracting the suction side pressure from the discharge pressure. Even at the same target pressure, if the suction pressure is high, the amount of pressure applied by the pump is small and a low rotational speed is sufficient. Conversely, if the suction pressure is low, the amount of pressure applied by the pump is large and a high rotational speed is required.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 25, the relationship between the discharge pressure and the rotational speed is corrected by the detected pressure signal of the pressure detector 84 on the pump suction side, and the rotation is performed based on this data. Recalculate the relationship between speed and target pressure. Thereby, even if the suction side pressure of the pump fluctuates, it is possible to operate at the set estimated terminal pressure constant control pressure.

  The suction-side pressure detector 84 can also be used for pump protection / alarm such as inoperability due to insufficient suction pressure or abnormal rise. For example, while the fire pump 10 is in operation, an alarm is issued if the pressure on the suction side falls below a specified value at which the pump can be operated safely. In that case, the operation is continued during the operation due to a fire, but during the test operation, the pump is stopped together with an alarm in order to prevent a pump failure. Even if the pressure on the suction side rises above the specified value at which the pump can be operated safely, an alarm is issued due to abnormal pressure.

  In addition, since the conventional fire-extinguishing pump 10 is difficult to operate at extremely low speeds, a jockey pump is provided to compensate for the pressure drop in the startup pressure tank 74. That is, air is enclosed as a gas inside the start-up pressure tank 74, and a high pressure is maintained even when the pump is stopped by utilizing the compressibility of the gas. In the start-up pressure tank 74, water and air are in contact with each other, and if water and gas remain in contact for a long time, the amount of air decreases because water dissolves in water. Or it leaks from the valve seat of the check valve little by little. As a result, the pressure in the activation pressure tank 74 gradually decreases. As a result, when the pressure is reduced to the start detection pressure, the fire pump 10 erroneously determines that the sprinkler head 50 has opened and discharged water, and operates while issuing a fire alarm.

  In order to prevent this, the fire pump 10 is operated periodically or a small pressurizing pump (Jockey pump) corresponding to the amount of leakage is provided so that the pressure is slightly higher than the starting pressure of the fire pump 10. The operation was performed and the pressure in the starting pressure tank 74 was optimized. However, if the inverter 30 is used, it can be operated at a rotational speed suitable for a small amount of water and discharges the necessary pressure, and since it has a soft start and soft stop function, the influence of sudden pressure fluctuations on the piping You can drive without giving Thereby, a jockey pump is abbreviate | omitted and the pressure of the piping system at the time of standby can be managed.

  As described above, conventionally, the start-up pressure tank of a fire pump is one in which gas and water are in contact with each other. However, a deformable diaphragm made of rubber or synthetic resin is provided in the pressure tank, and the gas chamber and water are provided. By using a pressure tank with a structure completely separated from the chamber, the gas in the pressure tank will be minimally discharged and there will be almost no pressure drop. You can eliminate the need.

  Moreover, in said embodiment, although the groundwater tank 16 is provided as a water source, considering the cost of installation or maintenance of such a tank, connecting the fire pump 10 directly to water supply piping is proposed. . In this case, it is required that the operation of the fire pump 10 does not affect the water distribution pump in the water supply facility. However, since the inverter 30 control system is adopted in the above embodiment, the soft start as described above. By executing this, such a purpose can be achieved.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described based on drawing, this invention is not limited to these, A various change is possible along the meaning of invention.

10 pump 18 electric motor 22 expiratory water tank 30 inverter (variable speed control means)
36 AC reactor 37 Inverter bypass circuit 38 Noise filter 40 Control device 50 Sprinkler head (water discharge means)
52 Main piping 54 Each floor piping (branch piping)
56 Area piping (branch piping)
72 Pressure detector 74 Start-up pressure tank (fire detection means)
82, 84, 86 Pressure detector

Claims (5)

A plurality of pumps respectively arranged in a plurality of hierarchical sections of the building;
A control device for controlling the operation of the plurality of pumps,
The plurality of pumps are connected in series,
The pump arranged in the lowest layer of the plurality of layers is directly connected to the water pipe,
When a fire occurs in the upper hierarchical section of the plurality of hierarchical sections and water is sprayed from the water discharge means installed in the upper hierarchical section, the control device is disposed in the lowermost hierarchical section. A fire extinguishing pump device characterized by starting the pump. A plurality of pumps respectively arranged in a plurality of hierarchical sections of the building;
A control device for controlling the operation of the plurality of pumps,
The plurality of pumps are connected in series,
The pump arranged in the lowest layer of the plurality of layers is connected to a water tank,
When a fire occurs in the upper hierarchical section of the plurality of hierarchical sections and water is sprayed from the water discharge means installed in the upper hierarchical section, the control device is disposed in the lowermost hierarchical section. A fire extinguishing pump device characterized by starting the pump.   3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller sequentially starts the plurality of pumps toward the upper hierarchical layer after starting the pumps arranged in the lowest hierarchical layer. 4. The described fire pump device.   A plurality of set target pressures are stored in the control device, and the control device reads the set target pressure of the hierarchical section where the fire has occurred, and further, the upper hierarchical section based on the read set target pressure The target set pressure on the suction side of the pump arranged in the above is set as the stored set target pressure, or the pressure detection installed on the suction side of the pump arranged in the upper hierarchical section is calculated A constant pressure control operation is performed on the pumps arranged in the lower hierarchical section so that the detected pressure value of the storage device is the stored or calculated target set pressure on the suction side. Item 4. The fire-extinguishing pump device according to any one of Items 1 to 3. A plurality of pumps respectively arranged in a plurality of hierarchical sections of the building;
A control device for controlling the operation of the plurality of pumps,
The plurality of pumps are connected in series,
The pump arranged in the lowermost hierarchical section of the plurality of hierarchical sections is an operation method of the fire pump apparatus directly connected to the water pipe,
When a fire occurs in an upper hierarchical section of the plurality of hierarchical sections and water is sprayed from the water discharge means installed in the upper hierarchical section, the pump disposed in the lowermost hierarchical section is started. An operation method of a fire extinguishing pump device.

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