JP2012191892A - Underwater environment restoration structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To widely restore underwater plant beds by having a proper quantity of an underwater plant colonization inducer flow out for a long period of time so that underwater plants grow thickly preventing the colony of crustose coralline algae from dominating in the sea area with coralline flats.SOLUTION: The underwater environment restoration structure is made of a concrete block formed by kneading and mixing an underwater plant colonization inducer which is effective for promoting colonization and growth of underwater plants. The underwater plant colonization inducer is a substance chosen from one kind or two kinds or more of amino acids and/or nucleic acids, and is mixed in the composition of the concrete block at 3-20 wt.%. Moreover, the concrete block has three legs or more. As a result, the underwater plants grow thickly so that the colony of crustose coralline algae does not dominate.

Description

  The present invention relates to an underwater environment regeneration structure, and more particularly, to an underwater environment regeneration structure made of a concrete block used for regenerating a seaweed bed from a sea area that has been burnt down.

  Traditionally, in Japan's coastal waters, kombu, wakame, and many other types of seaweed that grow in shallow water are reduced, and coral (lime algae) covers the surface of the rocks on the seabed, resulting in a burning condition. It has been known. When the sea area is burnt, it not only damages the catch of seaweeds and shellfish, but also adversely affects the environmental conservation of the sea, such as the effect on carbon dioxide concentration, a decrease in biodiversity, and deterioration in water quality.

  The burnt condition is directly caused by the loss of the underwater forest. The causes of the loss of this submarine forest are firstly the rise in water temperature and underwater eutrophication, secondly the increased feeding pressure of sea urchins and fish, and thirdly the lowering of the illuminance in the sea due to the wastewater of daily life and industry. It is done.

  Next, the mechanism of firewood burning will be explained. First, the loss of the above-mentioned underwater forest generates a large amount of sea urchins, which are the top algae predators, and the feeding pressure of the top predators prevents the algae from growing. . In particular, in the sea area where the burning phenomenon is likely to occur, dibromomethane is secreted by the innocent coral that dominates the sea area, and the establishment and transformation of sea urchin larvae are induced at a high rate in a short time by the dibromomethane. As a result, sea urchins are generated in large quantities and the seaweed bed declines, which further promotes the occurrence of the burning of firewood caused by the loss of the undersea forest.

  Conventionally, as a technique for preventing the above-mentioned burning phenomenon, a technique for creating a seaweed bed by shading sunlight to innocuous corals, or storing and adhering seaweed germ cells and nutrient sources to spores and artificial seedlings In addition, a technique for cultivating large algae by installing a large amount of the spores and artificial seedlings in a target area is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).

JP-A-2001-238588. Fisheries Engineering, Fisheries Engineering Vol.42 No.2 pp.171〜177,2005 “Guideburn Countermeasure Guidelines”, National Fishing Port Fish Field Association, July 2007

  The prior art described in Patent Document 1 has the disadvantage that the entire device is large and the installation location is limited, and it is difficult to regenerate the algae basin in a wide range in order to block sunlight to the innocent coral in a wide area. is there. Furthermore, there is a drawback that not only the innocent coral but also other beneficial algae are killed by the amount of sunlight blocked.

  In addition, in the prior arts of Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3, when a spore bag or artificial seedling in which germ cells and nutrient sources of seaweed are stored and attached are used in the sea, the germ cells and nutrient sources are Easily detached from the substrate by waves. Therefore, since seaweed germ cells and nutrient sources are peeled off from the substrate at an early stage and washed away, there is a problem that the algae adhesion and growth effect cannot be maintained over a long period of time.

  The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned problems, and a technical problem to be solved in order to efficiently regenerate algae from the sea area in the burned state and regenerate the algae basin in a wide range arises. The purpose is to solve.

  The present invention is a substance proposed to achieve the above object, and the invention according to claim 1 is made of a concrete block made by kneading an algae growth-inducing substance that exerts an adhesion and growth effect on algae. An underwater environment regeneration structure, wherein the algal growth inducing substance is a substance selected from one or more of amino acids and / or nucleic acids, and the algal growth is included in the composition of the concrete block. Provided is an underwater environment regeneration structure characterized in that the inducer is blended in an amount of 3 wt% to 20 wt%.

  As the kind of the algal growth inducing substance, one or more of amino acids and / or nucleic acids are selected. Examples of amino acids include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine and the like. Examples of the nucleic acid include inosine, guanine, adenosine, uridine, thymidine and the like.

  The requirement for the aquatic environment regeneration structure to exhibit high adhesion and growth effects on algae is that, firstly, a highly effective algae growth-inducing substance is kneaded in a large amount in the concrete block composition. is there. Second, the concrete block composition has a fine structure or a porous structure in order to allow the algae growth inducing substance to flow out into water efficiently. Third, the concrete block composition has sufficient strength to withstand water flow and wave power.

  The algal growth-inducing substance blended in the kneaded concrete block composition is gradually released into the water of the surrounding environment, thereby exhibiting a remarkable adhesion and growth effect on the algae. In this case, in principle, the outflow amount of the algae growth inducing substance is set to an appropriate range according to the installation conditions, but it is necessary to mix the algae establishment inducing substance in the concrete block composition at an acceptable high concentration. There is.

  In the present invention, the form of the amino acid and / or nucleic acid is not particularly limited, and may be a pure simple substance or a mixture, or may be a liquid or semi-fluid substance containing the amino acid and / or nucleic acid such as a fermentation waste liquid. Furthermore, polymer substances containing amino acids and nucleic acids such as proteins, peptides, DNA, RNA, etc. can be adopted. It is required that the concrete block can be maintained for a long time and the strength of the concrete block can be sufficiently maintained.

  The greater the amount of amino acids and / or nucleic acids added to the concrete block composition, the more sufficient the amount of outflow to the underwater environment is ensured, but the lower limit of the amount is 3 wt% or more, preferably 5 wt% in the composition. As long as it is above, a remarkable adhesion and growth effect on algae is exhibited. On the other hand, if the compounding amount of amino acids and / or nucleic acids becomes excessive more than necessary, amino acids and / or nucleic acids are consumed wastefully, and the strength of the concrete block may be affected. Therefore, the upper limit of the amount of amino acid and / or nucleic acid is set to 20 wt% or less, preferably 15 wt% or less in the composition.

  Further, the concrete block-made underwater environment reproduction structure can be appropriately added with other additives so as to impart desired properties to the concrete block composition. Examples of such additives include AE agents and water reducing agents.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, an algae growth-inducing substance selected from one or more of amino acids and / or nucleic acids is blended in the concrete block composition in an amount of 3 wt% to 20 wt%. As a result, the algae adherence and growth effects are promoted while ensuring the required strength of the concrete blocks. As a result, algae grow in order to prevent the indigenous coral communities from dominating in the mechanism of firewood burning.

  The invention described in claim 2 provides the underwater environment regeneration structure according to claim 1, wherein the algal growth inducing substance is arginine.

 According to this configuration, by adopting arginine (basic amino acid) as an algae growth inducing substance, arginine significantly flows out from the surface of the concrete block, so that stable algae adhesion and growth effects are expected.

The invention according to claim 3 provides the underwater environment reproduction structure according to claim 1, wherein the concrete block has at least three or more legs.
According to this configuration, since the concrete block has three or more legs, the surface area of the concrete block that comes into contact with water increases, and the amount of the algae growth-inducing substance oozes out from the concrete block surface into the water.

  The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the legs of the concrete block are a plurality of ridge lines provided along the length direction of the legs, and a plane part provided between the ridge lines. The underwater environment regeneration structure according to claim 3, wherein the underwater environment regeneration structure is provided.

  According to this configuration, since each leg of the concrete block is formed in a polyhedral columnar shape, the surface area of the concrete block that comes into contact with water further increases, and the algae growth-inducing substance that exudes into the water from the concrete block surface The amount of

  The invention according to claim 1 is capable of efficiently growing algae while preventing the incessant coral from predominating due to the effect of adhesion and growth of algae by the algae growth inducer. It is possible to regenerate a wide range of seaweed beds from the sea area that has been burnt down. Further, only the innocent coral can be effectively killed without the need for a large apparatus as in the prior art.

  In the invention according to claim 2, since arginine blended in the concrete block composition flows out into the aquatic environment at a significantly appropriate amount, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, there is a remarkable effect of adhesion and growth of algae. It can be obtained stably, and even if the arginine is highly blended, the required strength of the concrete block can be sufficiently ensured. Therefore, since a porous concrete block can be obtained without reducing the strength, it is possible to easily obtain an underwater environment reproduction structure having an excellent algae adhesion / growth effect.

  In the invention described in claim 3, since the surface area in contact with water in the porous concrete block is increased, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1, an algal growth-inducing substance that exudes into the water from the entire concrete block. The amount increases. In addition, since a large number of surface areas can be secured by providing a large number of legs, the thickness of the concrete block can be reduced to reduce the weight of the underwater environment regeneration structure while maintaining a remarkable algae adhesion and growth effect.

  In the invention described in claim 4, since the surface area in contact with water in the porous concrete block is further increased, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 3, an algae growth inducing substance that exudes into the water from the entire concrete block. In addition, the thickness of the concrete block can be further reduced to further reduce the weight of the underwater environment reproduction structure.

The front view of the wave-dissipating block which shows this invention as one Embodiment. The rear view of a wave-dissipating block same as the above. The right view of a wave-dissipating block same as the above. The left view of a wave-dissipating block same as the above. The top view of a wave-dissipating block same as the above. The bottom view of a wave-dissipating block same as the above.

  In order to achieve the purpose of efficiently growing algae from the sea area that has been burnt down and regenerating the algae basin in a wide range, the present invention incorporates an algae growth-inducing substance that exhibits adhesion and growth effects on algae. An aquatic environment regeneration structure made of a concrete block, wherein the algae growth-inducing substance is a substance selected from one or more of amino acids and / or nucleic acids, and the concrete block composition This was realized by containing 3 wt% to 20 wt% of the algal growth inducing substance therein.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 6 show an underwater environment reproduction structure to which the present invention is applied, and a wave-dissipating block is taken as an example of a concrete block. In the figure, a wave-dissipating block 1 is a concrete molded product having four legs 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d having the same shape. For example, concrete is poured into a mold (not shown) to form it integrally. Is done. Further, at the time of molding, each leg 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d connects the base end portions 3a, 3a, 3a, 3a to each other, and the axis 4, 4 of each leg 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. , 4 and 4 are made to coincide with the center O (center of gravity) of the wave-dissipating block 1, and the four legs 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are radially extended from the center O at approximately 120 ° intervals. Formed.

  In the above-described molding process, for example, when a standard kneaded material (hereinafter referred to as “fresh concrete”) made of gravel, cement, and water is kneaded, an algal growth induction represented by amino acids or nucleic acids is used as an algae growth inducing substance. A substance is added to the ready-mixed concrete in an amount of 3 wt% to 20 wt% as a whole of the ready-mixed concrete. The ready-mixed concrete in which the algal growth-inducing substance is kneaded is cast into a predetermined block shape by pouring it into the mold and solidifying it.

  The ready-mixed concrete in which an algae growth-inducing substance typified by amino acids and nucleic acids is kneaded loosens the stickiness of the ready-mixed concrete for a short time until the ready-mixed concrete is solidified. As a result, the ready-mixed concrete can easily enter every corner of the mold, facilitating molding.

  On the other hand, after the ready-mixed concrete is hardened and a block-shaped molded product (wave-dissipating block) is obtained, porous sheer is formed on the concrete surface and inside, and a porous wave-dissipating block is obtained. Therefore, when the obtained porous wave-dissipating block is used in the sea, the surface area in contact with water is increased, and in order to facilitate water penetration, Facilitates trigger substances to flow into the underwater environment.

  Furthermore, when the wave-dissipating block 1 of the present invention is used to increase the surface area of the wave-dissipating block 1, the outflow of the algae growth-inducing substance can be further increased.

  In the present embodiment, in order to further increase the surface area of the wave-dissipating block 1, the four legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are connected to the legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. A cross section having six ridge line portions 22, 22... Provided along the length direction and plane portions 23, 23, respectively provided between the ridge line portions 22, 22. Is formed as a hexagonal hexagonal prism. In addition, each leg 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d is formed in a tapered hexagonal pyramid shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the base end 3a side toward the tip end 3b, and the tip 3b The end surface 24 is also cut to form a flat surface.

  Further, the base end portions 3a, 3a, 3a of the three legs (the legs 2a, 2b, 2c in the case of FIG. 1) out of the four legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are assembled. Each of the four portions is formed in a substantially horizontal plane, and concave portions 5, 5, 5, and 5 are provided in the central portion of the horizontal plane, respectively. Each of the recesses 5, 5, 5, and 5 includes three first recesses 5a, 5a, and 5a that are discontinuously spaced from each other, and the three first recesses 5a, 5a, and 5a. It consists of one second recessed portion 5b provided in the enclosed inner region.

  The first recessed portions 5a, 5a, 5a are formed between three legs (legs 2a, 2b, 2c in the case of FIG. 1) adjacent to each other (in FIG. 1). In some cases, the legs 2a and 2b, 2b and 2c, 2c and 2a) are formed. The notches 6, 6 and 6 provided in the first recesses 5a, 5a and 5a make it easy to discharge the water that has entered the first recesses 5a, 5a and 5a to the outside.

  On the other hand, the second recessed portion 5b is in a state in which a stepped portion is provided inward of the first recessed portion 5a in an inner portion surrounded by the three first recessed portions 5a, 5a, 5a. It is formed in a planar view shape. In addition, minute stripe-shaped irregularities (not shown) are formed on the bottom surface 8 of the second recessed portion 5b.

  The wave-dissipating block 1 configured in this way is arranged side by side in, for example, a fishing port, coastal water, and seabed if it is a marine-burned sea area. It is not limited to an array, and may be a multistage array.

  Since the wave-dissipating block 1 installed in the water has a large concrete surface area in contact with water, the algae growth-inducing substance kneaded in the wave-dissipating block 1 is separated from the concrete surface. Appropriate amount gradually takes time and oozes on the support. As a result, a remarkable effect of adhesion and growth of algae is exhibited over a long period of time.

  Further, since the second recessed portion (lower stage) 5b of the wave-dissipating block 1 is provided on the inner side deeper than the first recessed portions 5a, 5a, 5a, water easily collects in the second recessed portion 5b. Spores such as seaweed are captured and form various habitats such as algae and seafood. Further, since the bottom surface 8 of the wave-dissipating block 1 is provided with a striped minute uneven surface, the minute uneven surface facilitates the attachment of shellfish such as algae and abalone.

(Strength test of arginine added concrete block)
In order to test the strength of the environmentally active concrete block (wave-dissipating block) in the present invention, the composition was adjusted to the composition shown in Table 1, packed in a Φ12.5 × 25 frame, and then cured for 28 days. The strength test of the obtained specimen was performed.

* 1: Addition ratio with respect to cement weight, * 2: Nominal strength As a result, it became clear that the compressive strength of the concrete block was not lowered even when 7 wt% of arginine was added with respect to cement weight.

(Test of density etc. of concrete block added with arginine)
Next, specimens having the composition shown in Table 2 were prepared, packed in a Φ12.5 × 25 frame, and then cured for 7 days. The density etc. of the obtained specimen were examined. The results are shown in Table 2.

* 1: Addition ratio with respect to cement weight As a result, it was found that those containing arginine tend to have low concrete block density, high air volume, and slump value. This shows that the concrete block to which arginine is added has a porous structure.

(Submarine experiment)
(Experimental method) A concrete block mixed with amino acid was prepared by mixing 3 wt% to 20 wt% of arginine with green concrete, for example. In addition, it turned out that the concrete block of this invention can be fully used also as a structure material from the strength test result. The following is an example of a demonstration experiment conducted at Kojima Fishing Port in Osaka Prefecture. The sea area of this fishing port is located at the south entrance of Osaka Bay.

  In June 2009, two types of specimens, an amino acid-mixed concrete block AC (the composition of Example 5 above) and a normal concrete block OC (the composition of Comparative Example 2 above) were set on the seabed (DL-3.5m). Thereafter, once a month, water quality, biological survey, amount of attached algae, etc. were measured.

  (Experimental results) Regarding the microalgae adhering to the concrete surface, both the ordinary concrete block OC and the amino acid-mixed concrete block AC had a large growth rate on the concrete surface and a large amount of existing algae. Table 3 shows the coverage (%) of macroalgae on the concrete surface.

  As for large algae, as shown in Table 3, the amino acid-mixed concrete block AC had a larger coverage of green algae than the ordinary concrete block OC immediately after the block was installed, and this tendency continued for about one year. On the other hand, with regard to Honda straws, the coverage ratio of the ordinary concrete block OC was larger than that of the amino acid-mixed concrete block AC. In the amino acid-mixed concrete block AC, this seems to be caused by the loss of the opportunity for Honda to settle because Aosa covers the concrete surface during the seaweed colonization period.

  In addition, for the innocent coral that are reported to be related to the reduction or disappearance of the seaweed bed, in the ordinary concrete block OC, innocent coral emerged from the latter half of the block installation, and no more after one and a half years. The covering rate of coral coral has reached 85%. However, in the amino acid-mixed concrete block AC, the appearance time of the innocent coral was late, and after that, the tendency for the innocent coral to increase was not seen. From the above, it was found that the amino acid-mixed concrete block AC has elements that are not suitable for promoting the establishment and growth of fine and large algae, and for the growth of innocent corals.

  On the surface of ordinary concrete block OC and amino acid-mixed concrete block AC, sediment food organisms such as sea cucumber, suspended food organisms such as sea bream, algae food organisms such as abalone and tuna, and fish, octopus, etc. Although carnivorous and omnivorous organisms have appeared, as shown in Table 4, there was no significant difference in the composition of the species of organisms that appeared, but the ordinary concrete block OC However, it was observed that the number of suspended food organisms was higher than that of the amino acid-mixed concrete block AC.

  The algae adhesion / growth effect by the above experiment was confirmed when 3 wt% or more of amino acid was mixed, but in this case, the concrete block mixed with nucleic acid instead of amino acid was also remarkable as with the amino acid-mixed concrete block. Algae adhesion and growth effects were confirmed.

As described above, the structure for regenerating underwater environment according to the present invention is formed by a concrete block formed by kneading an algae growth-inducing substance that exerts an adhesion and growth effect on algae, and is contained in the composition of the concrete block. Since the algae growth-inducing substance selected from one or more of amino acids and / or nucleic acids is blended in an amount of 3 wt% to 20 wt%, the innocuous coral community is dominant in the mechanism of the occurrence of burning It is possible to proliferate algae efficiently while preventing water. Therefore, the feeding pressure of sea urchins can be reduced, and the seaweed beds can be regenerated extensively from the sea area that has been burnt down. It can be effectively killed.
The algae growth-inducing substance kneaded in the concrete block gradually oozes out from the surface of the concrete block in an appropriate amount, so that the algae growth-inducing substance flows out gradually and efficiently, and the effect of adhesion and growth of algae Can be maintained over a long period of time.

  When arginine is adopted as the algae growth inducer, sufficient strength of the concrete block can be ensured even when the arginine is blended at a high concentration, and the block structure has a higher strength than the unblended concrete block. Specific gravity is reduced. This means that the concrete block composition containing arginine has a higher porous property, and arginine in water easily flows out.

  In an embodiment, the concrete block has a large number of legs, and each leg is provided between a plurality of ridge lines provided along the length direction of the legs and the ridge lines. The surface area of the concrete block that comes into contact with water is increased. Accordingly, water easily penetrates into the porous concrete block, and the algae growth-inducing substance inside gradually penetrates from the concrete surface through the soaked water. Therefore, it is possible to increase the amount of the algal growth inducing substance that oozes out from the entire concrete block into the water.

  In addition, since a large number of legs have a surface area, the thickness of the concrete block itself is formed to be thin overall while maintaining an excellent algal adhesion and growth effect, thereby reducing the weight of the underwater environment reproduction structure. be able to.

  The present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention naturally covers the modified substance.

  As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the case where the present invention is applied to the wave-dissipating block has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the wave-dissipating block, and can be applied to a general concrete block.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Concrete block 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Leg 3a Base end part 3b Tip part 4 Axis 5 Recessed part 5a 1st recessed part 5b 2nd recessed part 6 Notch part 8 Bottom face 10 Concrete block 11 Storage part 12 Tubular connection part 22 Ridge part 23 Flat part 24 End face O Center (center of gravity)

Claims (4)

  An aquatic environment regeneration structure made of a concrete block obtained by kneading an algae growth-inducing substance that exhibits adhesion and growth effects on algae, wherein the algae growth-inducing substance is an amino acid and / or a nucleic acid or An underwater environment reproduction structure, which is a substance selected from two or more kinds, and wherein the composition of the concrete block contains 3 wt% to 20 wt% of the algal growth inducing substance.   2. The underwater environment regeneration structure according to claim 1, wherein the algal growth inducing substance is arginine.   The underwater environment reproduction structure according to claim 1, wherein the concrete block has at least three legs.   The leg of the concrete block is formed into a polyhedral column having a plurality of ridge lines provided along the length direction of the leg and a plane part provided between the ridge lines. The underwater environment regeneration structure according to claim 3, wherein the underwater environment regeneration structure is provided.

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