JP2012172343A - Engine room for construction machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an engine room for a construction machine capable of saving space therein as well as maintaining cooling performance by securing a clearance between a heat exchanger and a cooling fan.SOLUTION: A radiator 11 and an oil cooler 12 are arranged in parallel each other with respect to a cooling air flow, and installed above as well as upstream of an intercooler 13 with respect to the cooling air flow. As a result, the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 are positioned above a battery 18 (an overhang arrangement). Thus, cooling performance of a heat exchanger can be maintained by securing a clearance L between positions of the radiator 11 as well as the oil cooler 12 and the position of the cooling fan 3. In addition, at time of replacing the battery 18, the same can be extracted obliquely upward tracing a trajectory without causing interference with the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12.

Description

  The present invention relates to an engine room of a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator, and more particularly to an engine room in which devices such as a heat exchanger, a cooling fan, and a battery are arranged.

  In construction machines such as hydraulic excavators, excavation work is performed by operating actuators that drive booms, arms, and buckets. A hydraulic pump is driven by an engine as a power source, and hydraulic actuators are pumped to a hydraulic cylinder to operate each actuator. When the engine and hydraulic pump are operated, heat is generated in the engine and hydraulic fluid. Therefore, heat exchangers such as radiators and oil coolers are installed for cooling engine coolant and hot hydraulic oil. The cooling air induced by the cooling fan passes through the heat exchanger, whereby the heat exchanger is cooled.

  Furthermore, due to recent regulations on exhaust gas, construction machines equipped with an intercooler are becoming mainstream in order to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. The intercooler cools the engine intake air that is turbo-charged and adiabatically compressed to a predetermined temperature, increases the charging efficiency, and lowers the combustion temperature, thereby suppressing the generation of NOx (nitrogen oxides) in the exhaust. . In addition, a condenser for cooling the refrigerant of the air conditioner may be installed.

  In a so-called series arrangement type heat exchanger unit that has been widely used in the past, when removing the heat exchanger arranged on the downstream side, it is necessary to first remove the heat exchanger arranged on the upstream side, which is a work burden. It was.

  A conventional technique for solving such a maintenance problem is disclosed in Patent Document 1. In the engine room according to the prior art, heat exchangers such as a radiator, an oil cooler, and an intercooler are arranged in parallel to form a parallel arrangement type heat exchanger unit. With such a parallel arrangement, the heat exchanger arranged in front of the heat exchanger to be removed does not become an obstacle, and at the time of cleaning and inspection, the heat exchanger to be removed can be removed alone, Maintainability is improved.

  In addition, as a result of using the parallel arrangement type as in the prior art, the length of the heat exchange unit in the cooling air direction is shorter than that of the serial arrangement type, and the space in the engine room can be saved.

JP 2006-52689 A

  As described above, a plurality of heat exchangers are arranged in the engine compartment. On the other hand, the engine room is limited in space, and it is important how to arrange a plurality of heat exchangers. In particular, in recent years, a small turning type hydraulic excavator has been developed, and further space saving is required in the engine room of such a small turning type hydraulic excavator.

  Incidentally, a battery is arranged in the engine compartment. The battery turns the cell motor as a power source for electrical components, for example, when the engine is started. In general, the battery is vulnerable to heat, and it is desirable to arrange the battery on the most upstream side of the cooling air. Furthermore, the battery is heavy, and it is desirable to place it at the bottom of the engine compartment in consideration of the stability at the time of placement. Considering the workability at the time of battery replacement, the battery is placed on the most upstream side of the cooling air near the opening. It is desirable.

  Also, when replacing the battery, the battery is pulled up after being lifted up and then over the lower frame of the excavator. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a working space above the battery.

  On the premise of such a battery arrangement, if it is intended to further reduce the space of the engine room of the prior art, the distance between the heat exchanger unit and the cooling fan is reduced. As a result, the unbalance of the wind speed distribution in the cross section of the cooling air becomes significant, and there is a possibility that problems such as a decrease in the cooling air volume due to an increase in pressure loss, a decrease in the cooling performance of the heat exchanger, and an increase in fan noise may occur.

  The objective of this invention is providing the engine room of the construction machine which can maintain the cooling performance of a heat exchanger by aiming at space saving and ensuring the space between a heat exchanger and a cooling fan.

  (1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes an engine, a plurality of heat exchangers including a radiator that cools the engine, a cooling fan that induces cooling air to cool the heat exchanger, In the engine room of the construction machine in which the battery is disposed, the battery is disposed on the bottom of the engine room and the most upstream side of the cooling air, and the plurality of heat exchangers are disposed on the bottom of the engine room and on the downstream side of the cooling air of the battery. A lower heat exchanger disposed above the lower heat exchanger, and an upper heat exchanger disposed so as to protrude from the lower heat exchanger to the upstream side of the cooling air.

  In this invention comprised in this way, space saving of an engine compartment can be achieved, ensuring the distance of an upper side heat exchanger and a cooling fan. Thereby, the cooling performance of the heat exchanger can be maintained.

  In addition, the upper heat exchanger is conventionally arranged on the upstream side of the cooling air, and further space saving of the engine room can be achieved by downsizing the upper heat exchanger.

  (2) In the above (1), preferably, the upper heat exchanger is disposed above the battery.

  Thereby, the further space saving of an engine room can be achieved.

(3) In the above (1), preferably, further provided is a battery pulling means for pulling out the battery so as to prevent interference between the battery and the upper heat exchanger.

  (4) In the above (3), preferably, the battery pulling means rotates around an axis provided on the bottom of the engine chamber and on the most upstream side of the cooling air to pull out the battery.

  (5) In the above (3), preferably, the battery pulling means slides on a roller member provided on the bottom of the engine chamber and on the most upstream side of the cooling air to pull out the battery.

  With the configurations (3) to (5), the battery can be pulled out without interfering with the upper heat exchanger without securing a work space above the battery.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while aiming at space saving of an engine compartment, the cooling performance of a heat exchanger can be maintained by ensuring the space between a heat exchanger and a cooling fan.

It is sectional drawing which shows the engine room of a construction machine (1st Embodiment). It is a perspective view of an engine room principal part. It is a perspective view which concerns on a battery drawer structure. 1 is an overall view of a hydraulic excavator that is an example of a construction machine. 1 is an overall view of a small swing type hydraulic excavator that is an example of a hydraulic excavator; FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the engine room of a construction machine (2nd Embodiment). It is a perspective view which concerns on a battery drawer structure.

<First Embodiment>
~Constitution~
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an engine room 1 of a construction machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the main part of the engine compartment 1. The configuration of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The dustproof device of the present embodiment is provided in the engine compartment 1. The engine compartment 1 is covered with a building cover 27 on the outside, and openings 21 and 22 for taking in cooling air are formed in the building cover 27. In the engine chamber 1, a heat exchanger unit 10, a condenser 16, an air cleaner 17, a shroud 4 provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger unit 10, and cooling air for cooling the heat exchanger unit 10 are induced. The cooling fan 3 is provided.

  The engine 2 is supported in the engine chamber 1 via an engine mount (not shown). A hydraulic pump (not shown) is attached to a drive shaft on the flywheel side of the engine 2. The cooling fan 3 is attached to a drive shaft opposite to the hydraulic pump, and is driven by the engine 2 to induce cooling air.

  The cooling fan 3 is a so-called axial fan, and is attached to the auxiliary rotating shaft 34. A fan pulley 32 is fixed to the auxiliary rotating shaft 34 so as to be at a position corresponding to the crank pulley 31 of the engine crankshaft 35. A fan belt 33 is stretched between the crank pulley 31 and the fan pulley 32. The cooling fan 3 includes a boss 3a fixed to an auxiliary rotating shaft 34 to which a driving force from the engine crankshaft 35 is transmitted, and a plurality of blades 3b fixed around the boss 3a. Driven by the rotation of the shaft 34, a negative pressure is generated between the cooling fan 3 and the heat exchanger unit 10 to induce cooling air.

  A battery 18 is installed on the most upstream side of the cooling air at the bottom of the engine compartment 1. The battery 18 turns the cell motor as a power source for electrical components, for example, when the engine is started. In general, the battery is considered to be weak against heat, and the battery is heavy. Therefore, it is desirable that the battery is arranged at the illustrated position in consideration of stability during arrangement and workability during battery replacement.

  The arrangement of the heat exchanger unit 10 that is the first characteristic configuration of the present embodiment will be described. The heat exchanger unit 10 is disposed so as to face the cooling fan upstream of the cooling fan 3, and includes a radiator 11, an oil cooler 12, and an intercooler 13.

  The intercooler 13 is disposed on the cooling air downstream side of the battery 18 at the bottom of the engine compartment 1. The radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 are arranged in parallel to the cooling air, and are disposed above the intercooler 13 and project from the intercooler 13 to the upstream side of the cooling air. As a result, the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 are disposed above the battery 18. In this specification, this characteristic arrangement is referred to as an overhang arrangement.

  By such an overhang arrangement, the distance L between the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 arranged on the upper side and the cooling fan 3 is secured.

  The drawing structure of the battery 18 that is the second characteristic configuration of the present embodiment will be described.

  Usually, the battery 18 is fixed to the bottom of the engine compartment 1 by a fixing bolt member 44. One end of the fixing bolt member 44 has a hook shape, and is engaged with an engagement hole provided at the bottom of the engine compartment 1. The other end of the fixing bolt member 44 is bolted via a battery cover 45 that covers the upper part of the battery 18.

  The battery 18 is placed on a base plate 42 placed at the bottom of the engine compartment 1. The cooling wind upstream end of the base plate 42 becomes a fixed end by the rotation shaft 41, and the cooling wind downstream end becomes a free end. A bolt member 43 is rotatably provided at the cooling air downstream end of the base plate 42. The other end of the bolt member 43 is bolted via the battery cover 45.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the battery drawer structure.

  When the fixing bolt member 44 and the battery cover 45 are removed, the base plate 42 can be rotated around the rotation shaft 41. When the operator grasps the end of the bolt member 43 and pulls it to the upstream side of the cooling air, the battery 18 is drawn obliquely upward while drawing an arc locus. Note that the operator can easily pull out the battery 18 based on the lever principle.

  At this time, the battery 18 does not interfere with the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 even in the overhang arrangement.

  FIG. 4 is an overall view of a hydraulic excavator that is an example of a construction machine to which the present embodiment is applied.

  The excavator 101 includes a frame 104 that constitutes an upper swing body 103 on a lower traveling body 102, and includes an engine chamber 1, a cabin 105, and a counterweight 106 on the frame 104. Further, a front attachment 110 including a boom 111 and a boom cylinder 112, an arm 113 and an arm cylinder 114, a bucket 115 and a bucket cylinder 116 is provided in front of the vehicle body.

  FIG. 5 is an overall view of a small turning type hydraulic excavator as an example of the hydraulic excavator. In the engine room of such a small turning type hydraulic excavator, space saving is particularly required.

-Action and effect-
Next, the operation and effect of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.

  When the engine 2 is driven during operation of the hydraulic excavator, the rotation of the crankshaft 35 is transmitted to the auxiliary rotation shaft 34 via the crank pulley 31, the fan belt 33, and the fan pulley 32. Thereby, the cooling fan 3 is driven and rotated. By the rotation of the cooling fan 3, outside air is taken into the engine compartment 1 from the openings 21 and 22 and flows as cooling air from the upstream side to enter the condenser 16 and the heat exchanger unit 10 (the radiator 11, the oil cooler 12, After the intercooler 13) is cooled, it is squeezed through the inside of the shroud 4 on the downstream side of the heat exchanger unit 10 and introduced into the suction side of the cooling fan 3. Thereafter, the cooling air blown out from the cooling fan 3 cools the engine 2, the hydraulic pump, and the like on the downstream side of the cooling fan 3, and then is discharged from the openings 23 and 24 to the outside of the engine room 1.

  By the way, in the prior art, if it is intended to save the space of the engine room 1, the distance between the heat exchanger unit 10 and the cooling fan 3 is reduced. As a result, the unbalance of the wind speed distribution in the cross section of the cooling air becomes significant, and there is a possibility that problems such as a decrease in the cooling air volume due to an increase in pressure loss, a decrease in the cooling performance of the heat exchanger, and an increase in fan noise may occur.

  In the present embodiment, the overhang arrangement (first characteristic configuration) secures the distance L between the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 arranged on the upper side and the cooling fan 3, and the cooling air flows evenly. There is no problem like technology. On the other hand, space can be saved by utilizing the space above the battery 18 that has not been used in the prior art.

  Furthermore, the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 are arrange | positioned in the cooling wind upstream compared with the prior art. In general, the cooling air upstream side has a higher cooling effect than the cooling air downstream side. Therefore, even if the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 are further downsized, a cooling effect equivalent to that of the prior art can be obtained. By reducing the size of the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12, further space saving of the engine compartment 1 can be achieved.

  On the other hand, in the prior art, when replacing the battery, the battery 18 is pulled up after being lifted up and then over the lower frame of the excavator. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a working space above the battery 18. However, in this embodiment, as a result of the overhang arrangement, the work space above the battery 18 cannot be secured.

  In the present embodiment, the rotatable drawer structure (second characteristic configuration) allows the battery 18 to be pulled out without interfering with the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 even if the work space above the battery 18 cannot be secured. it can.

~ Others ~
In addition, if space saving of the engine room 1 is aimed at, it will become difficult to remove and clean a heat exchanger like the past. In the present embodiment, an opening 4a and a lid 4b for opening and closing the opening 4a are provided on the upper portion of the shroud 4. When cleaning the heat exchanger, remove the lid 4b to expose the opening 4a, insert an air gun through the opening 4a, and blow air toward the upstream side of the cooling air to remove dust accumulated on the heat exchanger. To do. Thus, in this embodiment, the ease of cleaning comparable to that of the prior art is maintained.

  In the present embodiment, the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 are disposed above the battery 18, but the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 are located above the intercooler 13 and project from the intercooler 13 to the upstream side of the cooling air. If the distance L between the cooling fan 3 and the cooling fan 3 is ensured, the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 do not necessarily have to be arranged above the battery 18.

Second Embodiment
Although the battery drawing structure in the first embodiment is a rotatable drawing structure, other structures may be used as long as interference with the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 can be prevented when the battery 18 is drawn.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the engine compartment 1 according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view according to the battery drawer structure in the second embodiment. Usually, as in the first embodiment, the battery 18 is fixed by a fixing bolt member 44 via a battery cover 45.

  A roller member 46 is provided on the most upstream side of the cooling air at the bottom of the engine chamber 1, and a base plate 47 is placed on the roller member 46 at a position corresponding to the lower frame of the hydraulic excavator. The battery 18 is placed on the base plate 47.

  When the fixing bolt member 44 and the battery cover 45 are removed, the base plate 47 can slide over the lower frame. Thereby, the battery 18 is pulled out horizontally to the upstream side of the cooling air.

  At this time, the battery 18 does not interfere with the radiator 11 and the oil cooler 12 even in the overhang arrangement.

  Also in the second embodiment, the overhang arrangement (first characteristic configuration) is common to the first embodiment, and the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Engine room 2 Engine 3 Cooling fan 4 Shroud 4a Opening 4b Cover 10 Heat exchanger unit 11 Radiator 12 Oil cooler 13 Intercooler 16 Condenser 17 Air cleaner 18 Battery 21, 22, 23, 24 Opening 27 Building cover 31 Crank pulley
32 Fan pulley
33 Fan Belt
34 Auxiliary rotating shaft 35 Engine crankshaft 41 Rotating shaft 42 Base plate 43 Bolt member 44 Fixing bolt member 45 Battery cover 101 Hydraulic excavator 102 Lower traveling body
103 Upper swing body
104 frame 105 cabin
106 Counterweight 110 Front attachment 111 Boom 112 Boom cylinder 113 Arm 114 Arm cylinder
115 buckets
116 bucket cylinder

Claims (5)

In an engine room of a construction machine in which an engine, a plurality of heat exchangers including a radiator that cools the engine, a cooling fan that induces cooling air to cool the heat exchanger, and a battery are disposed.
The battery is disposed on the bottom of the engine compartment and on the most upstream side of the cooling air,
The plurality of heat exchangers are:
A lower heat exchanger disposed at the bottom of the engine chamber and downstream of the cooling air of the battery;
An engine room of a construction machine, comprising: an upper heat exchanger that is located above the lower heat exchanger and that projects from the lower heat exchanger to the upstream side of the cooling air. In the engine room of the construction machine according to claim 1,
The engine room of a construction machine, wherein the upper heat exchanger is disposed above the battery. In the engine room of the construction machine according to claim 1,
Furthermore, the engine room of the construction machine, further comprising a battery pulling means for pulling out the battery so as to prevent interference between the battery and the upper heat exchanger. In the engine room of the construction machine according to claim 3,
The engine room of a construction machine, wherein the battery pulling means is rotated about an axis provided at the bottom of the engine room and on the most upstream side of the cooling air to draw out the battery. In the engine room of the construction machine according to claim 3,
The engine room of a construction machine, wherein the battery draw-out means slides on a roller member provided at the bottom of the engine room and on the most upstream side of the cooling air to draw out the battery.

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