JP2012157167A - Onboard power supply unit, power supply unit on roadside, and power transmission system between road and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for improving efficiency of noncontact power transmission between a road and a vehicle for performing the charge and discharge of an onboard battery.SOLUTION: A power supply unit 3 on the vehicle side directs a directional face of an antenna 30 on the vehicle side to a directional face of an antenna 10 on the road side when a vehicle comes close to the antenna 10 on the road side. The unit performs power transmission by keeping a state where the directional face is directed to the directional face of the antenna 10 on the road side by gradually directing the directional face of the antenna 30 on the vehicle side backward by adjusting it to the progress of the vehicle. A power supply unit 1 on the road side makes the directional face of the antenna 10 on the road side face direct the antenna 30 on the vehicle side when the vehicle comes close to the antenna 10 on the road side. Then, it directs the directional face of the antenna 10 on the road side gradually forward to follow the vehicle, and performs power transmission by keeping the state where the directional face of the antenna 10 on the road side and the directional face of the antenna 30 on the vehicle side confront each other. When the vehicle reaches the position of the next adjacent antenna 10 on the road side, the power supply unit 3 on the vehicle side and the power supply unit 1 on the road side switch the confronted antennas and perform power transmission.

Description

  The present invention relates to a road-to-vehicle power transmission system that transmits and receives electric power between an electric vehicle and a road-side power supply device by non-contact power transmission using a magnetic resonance phenomenon.

  As electric vehicles become more widespread, there may be an increase in the number of users who are worried about the unique characteristics of electric vehicles that are different from conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. In particular, it is conceivable that the user may have anxiety regarding charging / discharging of the battery, such as whether the remaining battery power is exhausted or the battery is damaged due to overcharging.

  For such a problem, a technique as described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for receiving power from the outside of the vehicle when the power of the host vehicle is insufficient and supplying the power to the outside of the vehicle when there is a margin in the power of the host vehicle. Yes.

  In addition, the use of non-contact power transmission for charging an electric vehicle has been actively researched, and in particular, a power transmission method using a phenomenon called magnetic resonance has recently attracted attention. Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a vehicle wireless charging system using magnetic resonance.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-210843 JP 2010-68632 A JP 2005-68657 A

  By the way, when performing non-contact power transmission, in order to improve power transmission efficiency, it is important that both antennas on the power transmission / reception side face each other as close as possible. In particular, when it is assumed that the vehicle transmits electric power while traveling, a technique for accurately adjusting the direction and position of the antenna in accordance with the movement of the vehicle is indispensable. From such a viewpoint, Patent Document 1 does not mention adjusting the direction and position of the antenna in order to improve the power transmission efficiency.

  Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a technique in which an antenna for power transmission is installed on the road surface and an antenna for power reception is installed in the lower part of the vehicle body. However, when it is intended to realize transmission of electric power while the vehicle is traveling, there are the following problems with respect to installing an electric power transmission antenna on the road surface.

  When installing an antenna for power transmission on the road surface, it is necessary to make the antenna robust so that it can withstand the loads of various vehicles traveling on it. This is necessary and disadvantageous in terms of cost and workability.

  Further, in order to improve the power transmission efficiency, it is necessary to align the antenna at the lower part of the vehicle body with the antenna on the road surface with high accuracy, but special means are necessary for the alignment. In that respect, Patent Documents 2 and 3 do not mention adjusting the position and orientation of the antenna.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for improving the efficiency of non-contact power transmission between road vehicles for charging and discharging an in-vehicle battery.

  The invention according to claim 1 made to achieve the above object relates to an in-vehicle power supply device that charges and discharges a battery (secondary battery) mounted on a vehicle. The in-vehicle power supply device of the present invention includes a car side coil antenna, a car side driving means, a car side communication means, a car side frequency adjusting means, a car side position detecting means, a car side direction adjusting means, a car side sending device. And a power reception control means.

  The vehicle-side coil antenna is installed in the circumferential direction of the vehicle body and is used to transmit or receive electric power in a non-contact manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon. The vehicle side drive means is for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna. The vehicle-side communication means is for performing information communication with a road-side power supply device installed on the side of the road. The vehicle-side frequency adjusting means is based on information communication regarding the magnetic resonance condition by the vehicle-side communication means, and is adjusted to the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the road-side coil antenna provided in the road-side power supply device. Adjust the resonance frequency. The vehicle side position detection means is for detecting the position of the roadside coil antenna. The vehicle side direction adjusting means controls the vehicle side driving means based on the position detected by the vehicle side position detecting means to adjust the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna to face the detected road side coil antenna. . The vehicle-side power transmission / reception control means uses a vehicle-side coil antenna whose resonance frequency is adjusted by the vehicle-side frequency adjustment means and the direction of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the vehicle-side direction adjustment means. Then, AC power of the resonance frequency is transmitted (power transmission or power reception).

  According to the in-vehicle power supply device of the present invention, the position of the roadside coil antenna installed on the side of the road is detected, and the power transmission / reception surface of the vehicle side coil antenna mounted on the host vehicle is directed toward the roadside coil antenna. It is possible to reduce energy loss in power transmission by magnetic resonance and improve power transmission efficiency. In particular, when power is transmitted to and received from the roadside power supply device while the vehicle is traveling, the power transmission / reception surface of the vehicle side coil antenna can follow the direction of the roadside coil antenna as the vehicle moves. However, the on-vehicle battery can be charged and discharged efficiently. In addition, when charging the vehicle while stopping in the parking space where the roadside power supply device is installed, the driver does not have to stop the vehicle accurately so that the vehicle side coil antenna is at an optimal position for charging. Since it is necessary to consider the difference in the position of the vehicle side coil antenna depending on the vehicle type, the burden on the driver is reduced.

  Furthermore, the transmission efficiency of electric power can be improved by adjusting the resonance frequency of the vehicle side coil antenna in accordance with the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the roadside coil antenna included in the roadside power supply device. As a result, even if the power transmission / reception conditions (transmission / reception frequency) are different for each infrastructure that provides power transmission services by roadside power supply facilities, the power transmission service can be established by establishing magnetic resonance with those roadside power supply devices. Certainly available.

  Next, the in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 2 has the following characteristics. The vehicle side coil antenna is provided with light source means for irradiating the aiming light along the direction of the center normal of the power transmission / reception surface. And the vehicle side direction adjusting means is based on the positional relationship between the position where the aiming light from the light source means is hit and the center position of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road side coil antenna. The direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna is adjusted so that the normal axis is aligned with the center position of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road side coil antenna.

  By configuring in this way, the vehicle side coil antenna can be opposed not only in the direction of the roadside coil antenna but also in the center direction of the roadside coil antenna, and the power transmission efficiency can be further improved. .

  Next, the in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 3 has the following characteristics. A travel plan acquisition unit that acquires travel plan information related to the travel plan of the host vehicle, and predicts a storage state of the battery of the host vehicle based on the travel plan information acquired by the travel plan acquisition unit, and from the outside according to the prediction result And a power transmission / reception necessity determining means for determining whether or not the power reception or power transmission to the outside is necessary. Then, the vehicle-side power transmission / reception control means selects and executes either power reception from the road-side power supply device or power transmission to the road-side power supply device according to the determination result by the power transmission / reception necessity determination means.

  With this configuration, battery storage based on a prior travel plan (for example, travel distance to the destination, travel time, road slope, traffic congestion, load weight change, etc. related to energy balance during travel) An optimum method of using the road-side power supply device can be selected according to the situation prediction result. For example, based on a prior travel plan, if it is predicted that the amount of power stored in the battery will be insufficient in the previous route, the battery is charged by receiving power from the roadside power supply device, and it is predicted that there will be a margin or excess in the amount of power stored in the battery In such a case, an operation in which excess power is transmitted to the roadside power supply device can be considered.

  By the way, when exchanging electric power with the roadside power supply device while the vehicle is running, while driving in the area where the roadside coil antenna is installed, the driving state suitable for safe and efficient power transmission is maintained. It is important to do. Further, in maintaining a traveling state suitable for power transmission, it is desirable to reduce the operation burden on the driver as much as possible.

  Therefore, as in the in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 4, when power is transmitted to and from the roadside power supply device, vehicle control means for controlling the state of the own vehicle so as to follow a predetermined power transmission / reception running condition It is good to have. With this configuration, it is possible to maintain a traveling state suitable for power transmission between road vehicles while reducing the operation burden on the driver.

  For example, in non-contact power transmission, the power transmitted per hour decreases as the distance between coil antennas increases. Therefore, it is desirable to travel so that the vehicle side coil antenna and the road side coil antenna are as close as possible from the viewpoint of efficient power transmission. On the other hand, if the vehicle and the roadside coil antenna are too close, the vehicle body and the coil antenna may be damaged by the contact.

  Therefore, as in the in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 5, the steering of the steering device is adjusted so that the host vehicle travels on the power transmission / reception traveling range provided along the installation location of the roadside coil antenna. Can be considered. Note that the power transmission / reception traveling range used here is a traveling zone in which a vehicle-side coil antenna and a road-side coil antenna are reasonably close to each other and a safe distance is maintained in which there is no risk of contact between the vehicle and the road-side coil antenna. It is premised that it is in line. With such a configuration, it is possible to maintain the distance between the vehicle and the roadside coil antenna at a distance suitable for power transmission between road vehicles while reducing the operation burden on the driver.

  Further, as in the in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 6, when power is transmitted to and from the roadside power supply device, the inter-vehicle distance with the other vehicle preceding the host vehicle is maintained within a predetermined range. It is possible to adjust the speed of the own vehicle. By doing in this way, the vehicles which run one after another in order to transmit electric power between the roadside power supply devices can maintain a safe inter-vehicle distance.

  Further, as in the on-vehicle power supply device according to claim 7, it is conceivable that a specific exterior device is placed in a housed state when power is transmitted to and from the roadside power supply device. For example, when the vehicle travels close to the roadside coil antenna, the risk of bringing the door mirror into contact with the roadside equipment can be reduced by placing the retractable door mirror in the retracted state. Further, when the vehicle travels close to the roadside coil antenna, the safety of the passenger can be ensured by closing the power window.

  Next, the invention according to claim 8 made to achieve the above object relates to a road-side power supply device that performs power transmission with an in-vehicle power supply device mounted on a vehicle. The roadside power supply device of the present invention includes a roadside coil antenna, roadside driving means, roadside communication means, roadside frequency adjusting means, roadside position detecting means, roadside direction adjusting means, and roadside power transmission / reception control means. It is characterized by.

  The roadside coil antenna is installed on the side of the roadway and is used to transmit or receive electric power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon. The roadside driving means is for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the roadside coil antenna. The roadside communication means is for performing information communication with an in-vehicle power supply device mounted on a vehicle. The road-side frequency adjusting means is based on information communication regarding the magnetic resonance conditions by the road-side communication means, and matches the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the car-side coil antenna included in the in-vehicle power supply device. Adjust. The roadside position detection means is for detecting the position of the vehicle side coil antenna installed in the vehicle on which the in-vehicle power supply device is mounted. The roadside direction adjusting means controls the roadside driving means based on the position detected by the roadside position detecting means to adjust the power transmitting / receiving surface of the roadside coil antenna toward the detected vehicle side coil antenna. The roadside power transmission / reception control means uses the roadside coil antenna whose resonance frequency is adjusted by the roadside frequency adjustment means and the direction of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the roadside direction adjustment means. AC power is transmitted (transmitted or received).

  According to the roadside power supply device of the present invention, the position of the vehicle side coil antenna installed in the vehicle is detected, and the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna is directed toward the vehicle side coil antenna. Energy loss can be reduced and power transmission efficiency can be improved. In particular, when power is transmitted / received to / from a road-side power supply device while the vehicle is traveling, the power-receiving surface of the road-side coil antenna can follow the direction of the vehicle-side coil antenna as the vehicle moves. The vehicle-mounted battery can be charged and discharged efficiently even while the vehicle is traveling. In addition, when charging or the like while the vehicle is stopped in the parking space where the roadside power supply device is installed, the driver holds the vehicle so that the positional relationship between the roadside coil antenna and the vehicle side coil antenna is optimal for charging. There is no need to stop the vehicle accurately, and there is no need to consider the difference in the position of the vehicle side coil antenna depending on the vehicle type.

  Furthermore, the transmission efficiency of electric power can be improved by adjusting the resonance frequency of the roadside coil antenna in accordance with the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the vehicle side coil antenna included in the in-vehicle power supply device. Thereby, even if the conditions for power transmission / reception (power transmission / reception frequency) are different for each vehicle, it is possible to reliably provide a power transmission service by establishing magnetic resonance with those in-vehicle power supply devices.

  Also, by installing the roadside coil antenna on the side of the roadway, it is not necessary to consider the structure that can withstand the load of the passing vehicle, and it is not necessary to block the vehicle during installation work, and the coil antenna is embedded in the road surface This configuration is advantageous in terms of cost and workability.

  Next, the roadside power supply device according to claim 9 has the following features. That is, the roadside direction adjusting means acquires information on the direction angle of the transmission / reception surface of the vehicle side coil antenna, and based on the acquired information on the direction angle, the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna is changed to the power transmission / reception surface of the vehicle side coil antenna. Make it face up.

  By configuring in this way, the roadside coil antenna can be directly faced in accordance with the direction angle of the vehicle side coil antenna, not only in the direction of the vehicle side coil antenna, and the power transmission efficiency can be further improved. . In particular, when the vehicle-mounted power supply device has a function of aligning the normal line of the vehicle side coil antenna toward the center direction of the roadside coil antenna, the power transmission / reception surfaces of both coil antennas are set even while the vehicle is running. They can be directed parallel to each other for efficient power transmission.

  Next, the roadside power supply device according to claim 10 has the following features. That is, a plurality of roadside coil antennas arranged along the roadway and a plurality of roadside driving means provided for each of the plurality of roadside coil antennas are provided. Each road-side drive means has a followable movable range in which the direction of the power transmission / reception surface of the road-side coil antenna can be changed along the traveling direction of the vehicle.

  The roadside direction adjusting means performs tracking control for directing the roadside coil antenna toward the vehicle side coil antenna as the vehicle moves, targeting the roadside coil antenna in which the vehicle side coil antenna is within the following movable range. At the same time, when the position of the vehicle side coil antenna deviates from the tracking movable range of the roadside coil antenna as the vehicle moves, the target of the tracking control is sequentially changed to the next roadside coil antenna adjacent in the moving direction of the vehicle. The road-side power transmission / reception control means transmits AC power of the resonance frequency to / from the in-vehicle power supply device using the road-side coil antenna that is subject to follow-up control.

  By comprising in this way, electric power transmission can be performed one by one according to the position of the vehicle which drive | works using a some roadside coil antenna. Further, even when a plurality of vehicles continuously enter the power transmission area by the roadside power supply device, power transmission can be performed simultaneously using the plurality of roadside coil antennas.

  Next, an invention according to claim 11 made to achieve the above object is a road-side power source that transmits power between a vehicle-mounted power supply device that charges and discharges a battery mounted on a vehicle and a vehicle-mounted power supply device. The present invention relates to a road-to-vehicle power transmission system comprising a device. According to the road-to-vehicle power transmission system of the present invention, the above-described effects of the on-vehicle power supply device according to claim 1 and the roadside power supply device according to claim 8 can be obtained.

  Next, according to the road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to the twelfth aspect, the above-described effects of the on-vehicle power supply apparatus according to the second aspect and the roadside power supply apparatus according to the ninth aspect can be obtained. Moreover, according to the road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to claim 13, the same effects as those described above for the road-side power supply device according to claim 10 can be obtained. Moreover, according to the road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to claims 14 and 15, the same effects as those described above for the in-vehicle power supply device according to claims 3 and 4 can be obtained.

  Next, in order to achieve the above object, the inventions according to claims 16 and 17 perform power transmission between an in-vehicle power supply device that charges and discharges a battery mounted on the vehicle and the in-vehicle power supply device. The present invention relates to a road-to-vehicle power transmission system including a roadside power supply device.

  An in-vehicle power supply constituting a road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to a sixteenth aspect includes a vehicle side coil antenna, vehicle side communication means, vehicle side frequency adjustment means, and vehicle side power transmission / reception control means. The roadside power supply device includes a roadside coil antenna, roadside driving means, roadside communication means, roadside frequency adjusting means, roadside position detecting means, roadside direction adjusting means, and roadside power transmission / reception control means. That is, this road-to-vehicle power transmission system has a function of directing a coil antenna for power transmission toward the coil antenna on the other side (vehicle) only on the road side power supply device side.

  On the other hand, the on-vehicle power supply device constituting the road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to claim 17 includes a vehicle side coil antenna, vehicle side drive means, vehicle side communication means, vehicle side frequency adjustment means, and vehicle side position detection means. And vehicle-side direction adjusting means and vehicle-side power transmission / reception control means. The roadside power supply device includes a roadside coil antenna, roadside communication means, roadside frequency adjustment means, and roadside power transmission / reception control means. In other words, this road-to-vehicle power transmission system has a function of directing the coil antenna for power transmission only in the in-vehicle power supply side toward the coil antenna on the other side (road side).

  In this regard, in terms of more accurately facing both the road side and the vehicle side coil antennas, a configuration in which the direction of the coil antenna can be adjusted on both the road side and the vehicle side is advantageous. On the other hand, in terms of cost performance that achieves relatively high transmission efficiency with a simpler configuration, a configuration in which the orientation of the coil antenna is adjusted only by either the roadside power supply device side or the roadside power supply device is more advantageous. is there.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the road-to-vehicle power transmission system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of installation of a roadside power supply device. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of a roadside power supply device. It is explanatory drawing which shows the drive mechanism and external appearance of a roadside antenna unit. It is explanatory drawing which shows the specific example of a light spot sensor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of installation (2 steps | paragraphs) of a roadside antenna unit. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of a vehicle side power supply device. It is explanatory drawing which shows the drive mechanism of a vehicle power supply device. It is explanatory drawing which shows the procedure of direction control of a road side and vehicle side antenna unit. It is explanatory drawing which shows the method of adjusting the direction of an antenna unit. It is explanatory drawing which shows the method of adjusting the direction of an antenna unit. It is a ladder chart which shows the procedure of the road-vehicle electric power transmission process. It is a ladder chart which shows the procedure of the road-vehicle electric power transmission process. It is a ladder chart which shows the procedure of the road-vehicle electric power transmission process. It is a ladder chart which shows the procedure of the road-vehicle electric power transmission process. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the electric power transmission control process by a roadside power supply device. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the vehicle control process by a vehicle side power supply device. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the power transmission / reception selection process by a vehicle side power supply device. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the countermeasure necessity confirmation process by a vehicle side power supply device. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the driving plan of a vehicle. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of a road-vehicle electric power transmission system.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following embodiment at all, and can be implemented in various aspects.
[Outline of road-to-vehicle power transmission system]
The road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to the embodiment includes a road-side power supply device 1 installed along a roadway or the like through which a vehicle can pass, and a vehicle-side power supply device 3 mounted on the vehicle. Non-contact power transmission using the magnetic resonance phenomenon is performed with the power supply device 3.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, three roadside antenna units 10a, 10b, and 10c (antenna 1, antenna 2, antenna in order of the vehicle traveling direction) along the vehicle traveling direction on the road Are also arranged in order. In the following description, the individual roadside antenna units 10a to 10c are simply referred to as the roadside antenna unit 10 unless otherwise distinguished. Further, in the present embodiment, an example in which three roadside antenna units 10 are installed is given, but more (or fewer) roadside antenna units 10 may be installed.

  Each roadside antenna unit 10 integrates a coil antenna for power transmission (power transmission and reception) by magnetic resonance, an antenna for information communication, and sensors for vehicle side antenna detection, and transmits and receives power. For this reason, the directional surface is configured such that the power transmission / reception surface for communication and the communication surface for transmitting / receiving communication are formed as one surface, and the directional surface is directed toward the road. Furthermore, each roadside antenna unit 10 is configured to be able to change the direction of the directivity plane in the vertical and horizontal directions, change the direction of the directivity plane toward the position of the antenna of the vehicle to be supplemented, and move the vehicle. It is controlled to track this according to.

  On the other hand, the vehicle-side power supply device 3 mounted on the vehicle includes a vehicle-side antenna unit 30 installed on the outer surface of the vehicle body. The vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is an integrated power antenna for charging or discharging an in-vehicle battery, an information communication antenna, and roadside antenna detection sensors. And the directional surface which communicates is installed so that it may face the surrounding direction of a vehicle body. Further, the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is configured to be able to change the direction of the directional plane, and changes the direction of the directional plane toward the position of the roadside antenna unit 10 to be supplemented, and also travels while the roadside antenna unit 10 is traveling. Is controlled to continue to capture.

  On the road surface of the traveling area for power transmission provided on the roadway in the vicinity of the roadside power supply device 1, a guideline for displaying a position where the vehicle that performs power transmission with the roadside power supply device 1 travels is drawn. Here, a guideline (for high speed) 500a indicating a traveling position when a vehicle performs power transmission for a short time while traveling at a relatively high speed, and a sufficient power transmission while traveling at a relatively slow speed are described. A case is assumed in which a guideline (for low speed) 500b indicating a travel position is provided. Thereby, the vehicle which is going to perform electric power transmission between the roadside power supply apparatuses 1 can maintain the position (distance between antennas) suitable for electric power transmission by driving | running along the guideline according to the objective. It has become.

  Now, as shown in FIG. 1A, a vehicle equipped with the vehicle-side power supply device 3 enters the traveling area for power transmission by the road-side power supply device 1 along the guideline (for high speed) 500a, and the first roadside antenna unit. Assume a situation where the position reaches 10a (antenna 1). At this time, in the vehicle-side power supply device 3, when the road-side antenna 1 enters the capture range of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30, the central normal axis (in the direction of the arrow) on the directional surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is set to the road-side antenna 1. Direction control is performed so as to be directed toward the center of the directivity surface.

  On the other hand, in the roadside power supply device 1, when the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 enters the capture range of the antenna 1 closest to the vehicle, the central normal axis (arrow direction) of the directivity surface of the antenna 1 is directed toward the vehicle-side antenna unit 30. Direction control is performed so that the directivity surface of the antenna 1 and the directivity surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 face each other.

  In a state where the roadside antenna 1 and the vehicle side antenna unit 30 face each other, non-contact power transmission is performed using AC power of a resonance frequency, which is a condition for establishing magnetic resonance, via both power transmission coil antennas. Thus, the power transmission efficiency can be improved.

  Next, FIG. 1B shows a situation where the vehicle has slightly advanced along the traveling direction from the state shown in FIG. In the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the directivity surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is gradually directed rearward in accordance with the progress of the vehicle, so that the directivity surface is maintained near the center of the directivity surface of the roadside antenna 1. Direction control is performed as described above.

  On the other hand, in the roadside power supply device 1, while the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 exists at a position where it can be captured within the movable range of the antenna 1, the antenna 1 Direction control is performed so as to maintain a state where the directivity surface of the vehicle and the directivity surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 face each other.

  Next, the situation where the vehicle has reached the position of the next roadside antenna unit 10b (antenna 2) as the vehicle further proceeds along the traveling direction from the state shown in FIG. 1B is shown in FIG. . At this time, the roadside power supply device 1 finishes tracking the vehicle with the antenna 1 and starts tracking the vehicle with the antenna 2. When the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 enters the capture range of the antenna 2, the central normal axis (arrow direction) of the directivity surface of the antenna 2 is directed toward the vehicle-side antenna unit 30, and the directivity surface of the antenna 2 and the vehicle-side antenna Direction control is performed so that the directivity surface of the unit 30 faces directly.

  On the other hand, when the tracking by the roadside power supply device 1 is switched from the antenna 1 to the antenna 2, the vehicle side power supply device 3 and the central normal axis (in the direction of the arrow) in the directional surface of the vehicle side antenna unit 30 are directed to the directional surface of the roadside antenna 2. Change the direction so that it is near the center of the.

  In a state where the roadside antenna 2 and the vehicle side antenna unit 30 face each other, non-contact power transmission is performed by using alternating current power of a resonance frequency, which is a magnetic resonance establishment condition, via both power transmission coil antennas.

  Thereafter, as the vehicle advances, both the road-side antenna 2 and the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 perform direction control so that their directivity planes face each other. Then, when the vehicle reaches the position of the next roadside antenna unit 10c (antenna 3), the roadside power supply device 1 ends the vehicle tracking by the antenna 2, starts the vehicle tracking by the antenna 3, and the vehicle side power supply device 3 switches the direction so that the directivity surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 faces the directivity surface of the roadside antenna 2.

  FIG. 1D is a graph showing a time transition of power transmitted between the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 by the series of operations as described above. As shown in this figure, by controlling the direction of both the roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle side antenna unit according to the traveling position of the vehicle, it is possible to extend the period during which each roadside antenna unit 10 can transmit at maximum power. Further, according to the traveling position of the vehicle, the plurality of roadside antenna units 10 can be sequentially switched to perform power transmission, thereby realizing highly efficient power transmission.

Next, variations of the roadside power supply device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating an installation example of the roadside power supply device 1 of a traveling lane type. In this example, the roadside power supply device 1 is installed on the side of the roadway, and a plurality of roadside antenna units 10 are arranged in a line along the traveling lane. This road lane type roadside power supply device 1 is installed for the purpose of transmitting power while the vehicle is running, and a vehicle equipped with the vehicle side power supply device 3 passes by the side of the group of roadside antenna units 10. In doing so, power transmission is performed between the roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle side antenna unit 30 installed on the side surface of the vehicle.

  FIG. 2B is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating an installation example of the spot-type road-side power supply device 1. In this example, the roadside power supply device 1 is installed beside a parking space, and a plurality of roadside antenna units 10 are attached to a support column in a plurality of directions. The spot-type road-side power supply device 1 is a facility that is installed for the purpose of transmitting power to a parked vehicle. While the vehicle on which the vehicle-side power supply device 3 is mounted is parked around the column-shaped road-side antenna unit 10 group, between the road-side antenna unit 10 and any of the vehicle-side antenna units 30 installed on the front, rear, left and right of the vehicle. Power transmission is performed.

  The roadside antenna units 10 are arranged in the vertical direction of the support column. Accordingly, the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 having a height corresponding to the vehicle height of each vehicle, such as a large vehicle with a high attachment position of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 or a small vehicle with a low attachment position of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30, is used. Power transmission can be performed.

[Description of configuration of roadside power supply device]
Next, a detailed configuration of the roadside power supply device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, the traveling lane type roadside power supply device 1 that performs power transmission for a traveling vehicle will be described.

  A guideline 500 indicating a position where a vehicle performing power transmission should travel is drawn in a power transmission traveling area where power is transmitted by the roadside power supply device 1. A plurality of roadside antenna units 10 are arranged toward the roadway along the power transmission traveling area. In the present embodiment, a case is assumed in which three roadside antenna units 10 are installed. For convenience of explanation, the individual roadside antenna units 10 may be referred to as antenna 1, antenna 2, and antenna 3 in order from the upstream side of the power transmission traveling area.

  A vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 that detects an approaching vehicle and performs information communication is installed at the entrance of the traveling area for power transmission further upstream of the antenna 1. In addition, a vehicle detector (for exit) 12 that detects a leaving vehicle and performs information communication is installed at the exit of the power transmission travel area further downstream of the antenna 3.

  The roadside antenna unit 10 includes a power transmission coil antenna that performs non-contact power transmission by magnetic resonance, and a communication antenna for performing information communication with the vehicle side power supply device 3 mounted on a vehicle that is a power transmission target. This is an apparatus in which a vehicle-side antenna detection sensor that detects the position and the direction of a vehicle-mounted antenna is integrated on one directional surface. The roadside antenna unit 10 is configured such that the directional surface can be rotated within a predetermined range in the vertical and horizontal directions with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle.

  Each roadside antenna unit 10 is accompanied by an antenna control unit 13, a power transmission processing circuit 14, a road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15, and an antenna drive control unit 16 as a configuration for controlling the operation of each roadside antenna unit 10. To do. The antenna control unit 13 is an information processing apparatus that performs overall control of the operation of the roadside antenna unit 10 to be controlled. The power transmission processing circuit 14 is a power device that transmits or receives power to or from the vehicle through the coil antenna for power transmission in the roadside antenna unit 10. The road-vehicle communication processing circuit 15 is a communication device that performs information communication with the vehicle-side power supply device 3 through a communication antenna in the road-side antenna unit 10. The antenna drive control unit 16 is based on the detection result by the vehicle-side antenna detection sensor in the road-side antenna unit 10, the input information from the road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15, the control signal from the antenna control unit 13, and the like. The direction of the 10 directional surfaces is adjusted in the vertical and horizontal directions.

  The communication data processing unit 17 is a communication processing circuit that relays data communication between the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11, the vehicle detector (for exit) 12, each antenna control unit 13, and the main control unit 18. . The main control unit 18 is an information processing device that performs overall control of various processes related to the power transmission service provided by the roadside power supply device 1. The main control unit 18 is configured to be capable of information communication with another roadside power supply device 1 installed at another location via a communication network.

  The power control unit 19 is an information processing apparatus for grasping the amount of power that can be transmitted to and received from the vehicle based on the state of the power storage device 20 and information of the power router 22 and performing various controls. The power storage device 20 is a power device for storing power to be transmitted to the outside via the roadside antenna unit 10, and is configured by, for example, a secondary battery, a capacitor, a superconducting loop coil, or the like.

  The power conversion processing circuit 21 is a power device that performs power conversion processing based on control from the power control unit 19. When the power conversion processing circuit 21 transmits power to the vehicle via each roadside antenna unit 10, the power conversion processing circuit 21 converts the power supplied from the power storage device 20 and the external power line into a predetermined voltage / current, and converts the power of each antenna. This is supplied to the power transmission processing circuit 14. In addition, when receiving power from the vehicle via each roadside antenna unit 10, the received power is converted into a voltage / current suitable for charging the power storage device 20 to charge the power storage device 20 or to an external power line. The power is converted into a predetermined voltage / current for supply and supplied to the power router 22.

  The power router 22 is a power supply device provided at a connection point between the roadside power supply device 1 and a power supply line connected to another roadside power supply device or a commercial power system. Based on the control from the power control unit 19, the power router 22 switches between acquisition of power from an external power supply line and power supply to the external power supply line as appropriate. By connecting to another road-side power supply device 1 via this power supply line, power can be interchanged in cooperation with the other road-side power supply device 1. For example, when there is a request for power supply from the outside via the network, the power router 22 can be switched to send power to the request destination. Furthermore, the power loss can be eliminated by forming the switching part and the power supply line of the power router 22 with a high-temperature superconductor. Further, as long as the power storage amount of the power storage device 20 is sufficiently large, the stored power can be supplied to other roadside power supply devices 1.

  The storage unit 23 stores various data such as a control program for operating the road-side power supply device 1, identification information (vehicle ID) for authenticating a vehicle to be provided with a power transmission service, and a power transmission amount for each vehicle. A storage device for storing.

The outline of the operation of each part in the roadside power supply device 1 is as follows.
The vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 transmits an inquiry signal for a vehicle entering the power transmission travel area within a limited range by narrow-range communication such as DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications). Then, information communication is performed with the vehicle-side power supply device 3 in response to the inquiry signal, the vehicle (or user) ID and the request (charge or discharge) from the vehicle that has entered the power transmission travel area, and the power to be transmitted. Information such as the amount is acquired and transmitted to the antenna control unit 13 and the communication data processing unit 17 of each antenna.

  The antenna control unit 13 is necessary for setting the power transmission processing circuit 14 according to a request from the vehicle received by the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 and for road-to-vehicle communication between the road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15 and the vehicle. Set up. Here, as a setting to be performed for the power transmission processing circuit 14, whether to charge the vehicle (that is, power transmission) or to receive a discharge from the vehicle (that is, power reception), the magnitude of power when performing power transmission Now, there are various conditions such as resonance frequency and circuit impedance for establishing magnetic resonance in the coil antenna for power transmission between road vehicles.

  The road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15 performs information communication with the vehicle-side power supply device 3 via the communication antenna of the road-side antenna unit 10 based on the communication conditions set by the antenna control unit 13. In this information communication, transmission / reception of information necessary for the direction control to make the roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle-mounted antenna directly face each other is mainly performed.

  The power transmission processing circuit 14 adjusts the impedance of the power transmission coil antenna circuit in accordance with the resonance frequency of the magnetic resonance set by the antenna control unit 13, and the resonance frequency between the power transmission processing circuit 14 and the vehicle through the power transmission coil antenna. Transmit AC power. When power is transmitted to the vehicle, the power supplied from the power conversion processing circuit 21 is converted into AC power having a resonance frequency and output from the coil antenna for power transmission. On the other hand, when receiving power from the vehicle, AC power output from the vehicle side by the power transmission coil antenna is received and supplied to the power conversion processing circuit 21.

  The communication data processing unit 17 sends request items regarding various conditions of power transmission received from the vehicle to the main control unit 18. Then, the main control unit 18 requests the power control unit 19 to create diagnostic data that diagnoses in what manner the power transmission can be handled. Here, the power control unit 19 grasps the amount of power that can be transmitted to and received from the vehicle based on the state of the power storage device 20 and the information of the power router 22 and outputs it as diagnostic data.

  The output diagnostic data is transmitted from the main control unit 18 to the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 via the communication data processing unit 17, and is transmitted from the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 to the vehicle. In the vehicle that has received the diagnostic data, information on how much charging or discharging is possible is displayed on the display device based on the diagnostic data. A vehicle occupant (user) can select whether or not to use the road-side power supply device 1 by looking at the diagnosis data.

  The roadside antenna unit 10 is provided with a drive mechanism for changing the direction of the directivity surface of the antenna. As shown in FIG. 4 (a), this drive mechanism includes an actuator 161 for moving the direction of the roadside antenna unit 10 in the vertical (pitch) direction according to the mounting height of the vehicle-mounted antenna, and the traveling direction of the vehicle. Actuator 162 for moving the direction of the roadside antenna unit 10 in the left-right (yaw) direction, gears for transmitting these powers, a rotation angle sensor (rotary encoder) 163 for measuring the rotation angle in the pitch direction and the yaw direction, etc. It is comprised by. When the antenna angle is designated, the antenna drive control unit 16 drives the actuators 161 and 162 based on the measurement result of the rotation angle sensor 163, and sets the roadside antenna unit 10 at the designated angle quickly.

  The antenna drive control unit 16 controls the drive unit of the roadside antenna unit 10 and performs direction control to change the orientation of the antenna directivity surface according to the position and direction of the vehicle-mounted antenna. First, when the entry of a vehicle is detected, the antenna drive control unit 16 rotates the directivity surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 in the direction in which the target vehicle is greeted, and waits for the target vehicle. And if a vehicle-mounted antenna is detected by the vehicle-side antenna detection sensor of the roadside antenna unit 10, the antenna drive control part 16 will face the roadside antenna unit 10 and a vehicle-mounted antenna directly. Thereafter, the orientation of the directional surface of the antenna is changed in accordance with the movement of the vehicle so as to maintain the state in which the roadside antenna unit 10 and the in-vehicle antenna face each other.

  Moreover, in order to perform the opposition and tracking with respect to a vehicle-mounted antenna accurately, methods, such as feedback control and estimation control, may be used. An example of feedback control is a method using magnetic field sensing. In this case, it is conceivable to control the orientation of the antenna so that the strongest magnetic field is located at the center of the antenna by measuring the magnetic field distribution on the surface of the antenna with a plurality of magnetic field sensors arranged on the orientation surface of the antenna. In addition, as a method of estimation control, the future position of the vehicle is estimated based on information such as a vehicle speed and a traveling direction acquired by road-to-vehicle communication, and the antenna directivity is adjusted in accordance with the timing when the vehicle reaches the estimated position. It is conceivable to control the surface.

  As a sensor for detecting the position and direction of the vehicle-mounted antenna, a spot light sensor 110 is provided on the directional surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 (see FIG. 4A). The spot light sensor 110 is a sensor for detecting a position where a highly directional spot light (or electromagnetic wave) irradiated as a sighting light indicating the antenna directivity direction from the vehicle-mounted antenna side is received on the antenna directivity surface. is there. The structure is to detect coordinates irradiated with spot light by a sensor assembly in which a large number of sensors are arranged in a grid pattern in the vertical and horizontal directions on the directivity surface of the antenna, or a thin planar semiconductor optical sensor.

  As shown in FIG. 4B, the directivity surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 includes a detection pattern (position detection mark 101, center cross 102, A coil position mark 103) is marked. These marks may emit light at night so that the camera can shoot at night. Alternatively, the directivity surface of the antenna may be illuminated by external illumination. By recognizing these detection patterns with an in-vehicle camera or the like on the vehicle side, the approximate position and angle of the roadside antenna unit 10 are specified, and a directional spot light is emitted as aiming light toward the center of the roadside antenna unit 10. Is done.

  The irradiation position (coordinates on the directivity surface) detected by the spot light sensor 110 is notified to the vehicle-side power supply device 3 through the road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15. In the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the angle of the directional surface of the vehicle-mounted antenna is adjusted so that the spot light is positioned at the center of the roadside antenna unit 10 based on the spotlight irradiation position notified from the roadside power supply device 1.

  As a result of adjusting the antenna angle on the vehicle side, when the spot light is irradiated on the center of the roadside antenna unit 10, the vehicle side is notified of which direction the normal vector of the directivity surface of the in-vehicle antenna is facing. The When the antenna control unit 13 of the roadside power supply device 1 receives the normal vector information of the vehicle-mounted antenna, the directional surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 is changed to the directional surface of the vehicle-mounted antenna through the antenna drive control unit 16 based on the normal vector information. Adjust the angle so that they are parallel.

Next, a configuration example of the spot light sensor 110 provided in the roadside antenna unit 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the spot light sensor 110 configured by a two-dimensional grid arrangement light sensor. This two-dimensional grid-arranged photosensor is configured by arranging dot-like photosensors 111 in a grid pattern corresponding to XY coordinates set on a directivity plane. Thereby, the irradiation position of the spot light can be specified by acquiring the XY coordinates assigned to the optical sensor 111 that has detected the spot light. In addition, about arrangement | positioning of the optical sensor 111, it is good to adjust an arrangement | positioning pattern by a magnetic field analysis etc. so that the magnetic flux for the electric power transmission by the coil antenna for electric power transmission may not be attenuated.

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the spot light sensor 110 configured by a planar semiconductor two-dimensional photosensor. This semiconductor two-dimensional optical sensor is a substrate in which a layer 115 of a semiconductor material whose conductivity is changed by receiving light is sandwiched between nonmagnetic transparent conductive films 116 such as SnO ₂ and ITO (Indium Titanium Oxide). The front side electrode 112, the back side electrode 113, and the electric circuit 114 are provided on both sides. The front-side electrode 112 and the back-side electrode 113 are respectively arranged in correspondence with XY coordinates set on the directivity surface, and electric paths 114 extending from the respective electrodes are arranged in a grid pattern on the directivity surface.

  When the conductivity of the semiconductor material layer 115 changes at the position where the spot light of the semiconductor two-dimensional photosensor is applied, the resistance value (applied voltage) between the front side electrode 112 and the back side electrode 113 corresponding to the position changes. To do. The position on which the spot light hits can be specified by the position coordinates assigned to the electrode in which this change has occurred.

  In the structure of the semiconductor two-dimensional photosensor shown in FIG. 5B, the portion uses a semiconductor material that changes from non-conductive to conductive by receiving light, and the light is irradiated with spot light. The front side and the back side are conductive at the position. By scanning each front side electrode 112 and the back side electrode 113 at high speed and detecting conduction, the coordinates of the irradiation position of the spot light can be measured.

Next, a modification of the installation method of the roadside antenna unit 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the upper and lower two-stage roadside antenna unit and its driving mechanism. In this example, two roadside antenna units 10 are installed in the vertical direction. Of the two roadside antenna units 10, the upper side is an antenna for a large vehicle having a high vehicle height, and the lower side is an antenna unit for a small / normal vehicle having a low vehicle height.

  Each of the upper and lower roadside antenna units 10 is provided with a drive mechanism (actuators 161 and 162 and a rotation angle sensor 163) for changing the direction of the antenna directivity, and the antenna drive control unit 16 determines the direction of each antenna. Can be controlled individually.

  Further, each of the upper and lower roadside antenna units 10 is provided with a camera 120 as a sensor for detecting the position and direction of the vehicle-mounted antenna. Thereby, electric power transmission can be performed using the antenna closer to the height of the vehicle-mounted antenna detected by the camera 120 out of either the upper or lower roadside antenna unit 10. In addition, by using this camera 120, the detection pattern marked on the vehicle-mounted antenna side is imaged, and the change in the shape of the detected pattern can be analyzed to determine the degree of antenna facing between road vehicles.

  As shown in FIG. 6 (b), detection patterns for easily recognizing the antenna position on the vehicle side are marked on the directivity surfaces of the upper and lower roadside antenna units 10, respectively. By recognizing these detection patterns with a vehicle-mounted camera or the like on the vehicle side, the approximate position of the upper and lower roadside antenna units 10 can be specified.

[Description of configuration of vehicle-side power supply device]
Next, a detailed configuration of the vehicle-side power supply device 3 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7A is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the vehicle-side power supply device 3, and FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating a front appearance of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30.

  The vehicle-side antenna unit 30 includes a power transmission coil antenna that performs non-contact power transmission by magnetic resonance, short-range wireless communication with the road-side power supply device 1, long-distance wireless communication with an external information center, Spot that radiates a spot light that is provided in the center of a communication antenna for performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication with other vehicles and a coil antenna for power transmission, and that indicates the direction of the antenna (the direction of the center normal of the coil antenna for power transmission) It is an apparatus in which the light irradiation unit is integrated into one directivity surface. The vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is installed in the circumferential direction of the vehicle body (assuming the side surface of the vehicle body here), and the direction of the directivity surface is set within a predetermined range in the vertical and horizontal directions with respect to the mounting surface. It is configured to be changeable. In the case shown in FIG. 7A, it is assumed that one vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is installed. However, a plurality of vehicle-side antenna units 30 are provided on the side, front, rear, and top surfaces of the vehicle body. It may be installed on each side.

  The target antenna detection sensor 31 is composed of a vehicle-mounted camera or the like, and detects the position of the roadside antenna that is the target of power transmission from the captured image. The antenna drive mechanism 32 is a mechanism for changing the orientation of the directional surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 in the vertical and horizontal directions. As shown in FIG. 8, the antenna drive mechanism 32 includes an actuator 321 for moving the direction of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 in the vertical (pitch) direction according to the mounting height of the roadside antenna, and the direction of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30. Actuator 322 for moving the actuator in the left-right (yaw) direction along the traveling direction, gears for transmitting these powers, a rotation angle sensor (rotary encoder) 323 for measuring the rotation angle in the pitch direction and the yaw direction, etc. It is configured. When the antenna angle is designated, the antenna drive control unit 36 drives the actuators 321 and 322 based on the measurement result of the rotation angle sensor 323, and sets the vehicle side antenna unit 30 at the designated angle quickly.

  The power transmission processing circuit 33 is a power device that transmits and receives power to and from the road-side power supply device 1 through a power transmission coil antenna in the vehicle-side antenna unit 30. The power transmission processing circuit 33 adjusts the impedance of the circuit of the power transmission coil antenna in accordance with the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance in the power transmission coil antenna between the road and the vehicle, and performs power transmission and reception. The power conversion processing circuit 34 changes the power received from the outside via the power transmission coil antenna to a voltage (size, waveform) suitable for charging the power storage device 40. Further, when power is transmitted to the outside via the vehicle-side antenna unit 30, the power supplied from the power storage device 40 is converted into a predetermined voltage, current, and frequency and supplied to the power transmission processing circuit 33. In wireless power transmission, it is assumed that several transmission frequencies are used, and power conversion processing corresponding to each frequency is performed. In addition, by allowing the secondary battery of the power storage device 40 to be charged and discharged in units of cells, the condition between the cells is balanced and the power storage device 40 can function stably.

  The wireless communication unit 35 is a communication device that performs information communication with the road-side power supply device 1, an external information communication center, and other vehicles through a communication antenna in the vehicle-side antenna unit 30. The antenna drive control unit 36 drives the antenna drive mechanism 32 according to the detection result by the target antenna detection sensor 31, the input information from the wireless communication unit 35, the control signal from the main control unit 38, etc. The direction of 30 directivity surfaces is adjusted to the up, down, left, and right directions.

  The main control unit 38 is an information processing apparatus that performs overall control of various processes related to charge / discharge management performed by the vehicle-side power supply device 3. In addition, the main control unit 38 is configured to be capable of information communication with various in-vehicle devices 46 via an in-vehicle communication network, thereby enabling automatic traveling, inter-vehicle control with neighboring vehicles, platooning, and folding. Various travel control and device control such as operation of devices such as door mirrors and power windows, acquisition of navigation information, etc. are performed.

  The power control unit 39 is an information processing device for controlling the operation of the power conversion processing circuit 34. The power control unit 39 determines the storage state based on the information from the storage state monitoring unit 41, performs on / off control of the power conversion processing in the power conversion processing circuit 34, and the power conversion processing circuit 34 is optimal. Set the parameters of the power conversion process to operate. The power storage device 40 is a power device composed of a secondary battery for storing power used for running a vehicle or operating an in-vehicle device. The storage state monitoring unit 41 is a device for monitoring the storage state (storage amount, presence / absence of abnormality) of the storage device 40, monitoring the state of each cell of the secondary battery, and adjusting the voltage balance and temperature of each cell. When there is an abnormality, information is provided to the power control unit 39.

  The position detection unit 42 is a device for detecting the current location of the host vehicle. In the present embodiment, a traveling direction is estimated using a satellite positioning function that uses GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System), or the like, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, or the like. A dead reckoning function is assumed, which has a function of imaging a line on the road surface, surrounding structures, signs, etc. using a camera and measuring the current position with high accuracy.

  The display unit 43 is a display device such as a monitor that presents various types of information to the user. The display unit 43 displays the position of the roadside power supply device 1 that can be used, the power transmission status with the roadside power supply device 1, the storage status of the secondary battery, the cruising distance, and other useful information for the user. The storage unit 44 is a storage device for storing a control program for operating the vehicle-side power supply device 3 and various data related to the collection of electricity charges. The travel information input unit 45 is an input device for acquiring detection information from a vehicle speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a steering angle sensor, and the like and inputting the detection information to the main control unit 38.

  As shown in FIG. 7B, a detection pattern (a position detection mark 301, a center cross 302) is provided on the directivity surface of the vehicle antenna unit 30 so that the image of the antenna position can be easily recognized from the outside. The coil position mark 303) is marked. These markings are not visible to the human eye but can be applied with a paint or surface treatment that can be detected by an infrared camera or the like, so that the appearance of the vehicle is not impaired. The approximate position and angle of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 are specified by recognizing these detection patterns with a camera or the like on the road-side power supply device 1 side.

The outline of the operation of the vehicle-side power supply device 3 is as follows.
The main control unit 38 acquires position information of the roadside power supply device 1 from an external information center through the wireless communication unit 35. Or you may acquire the positional information on the roadside power supply device 1 from the map data memorize | stored in information terminals, such as a vehicle-mounted navigation apparatus which is not shown in figure. When the position information of the roadside power supply device 1 that can be used is found, the main control unit 38 performs the same route guidance as the known navigation device with respect to the position of the roadside power supply device 1. For example, when it is determined that the host vehicle has reached the target roadside power supply device 1 at a point 100 m in front, a message that “the roadside power supply device is 100 m ahead” is notified to the user. Further, when the host vehicle approaches the target road-side power supply device 1, processing for power transmission and toll collection is started.

  The main control unit 38 measures the current location of the host vehicle by the position detection unit 42 and starts searching for the roadside antenna by the target antenna detection sensor 31 when approaching the power transmission travel area of the roadside power supply device 1. Since the roadside antenna unit 10 is marked for position detection (see FIG. 4B), the roadside antenna can be easily found by image recognition. In addition, the shape of the imaged position detection mark 101 is analyzed to determine what angle the roadside antenna is oriented with respect to the road.

  On the other hand, when the vehicle enters the communication range of the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 installed at the entrance of the traveling area for power transmission, narrow-area communication with the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 through the wireless communication unit 35 ( Road-to-vehicle communication by DSRC) is started. Even if the field antenna is not detected by the target antenna detection sensor 31 due to fog or the like, the road-to-vehicle communication with the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 is started, so that the approach to the road-side antenna is reduced. Detected.

  Next, the main control unit 38 performs predetermined communication with the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 through the wireless communication unit 35. Here, a request on the own vehicle side is transmitted and an answer to the request is received. Here, when the response content from the roadside power supply device 1 cannot be accepted, the processing can be stopped and the power transmission traveling area can be exited. When power transmission is performed with the roadside power supply device 1, power transmission conditions such as a resonance frequency are matched with the roadside power supply device 1.

  Next, in accordance with the detected position and directivity direction of the roadside antenna, direction control is performed so that the directivity surfaces of the roadside antenna and the vehicle side antenna unit 30 face each other reliably. At this time, control data is exchanged at high speed via the communication antenna in the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 and the communication antenna in the road-side antenna unit 10.

  In the direction control of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30, first, the direction of the antenna directivity surface is adjusted so that the spot light irradiated from the spot light irradiation unit toward the antenna directivity direction is located at the center of the coil of the road-side antenna. . In addition, in order to aim at the center of the coil of a roadside antenna with the spotlight from a spotlight irradiation part, the direction correction of the vehicle side antenna unit 30 according to the speed and vibration amount of a vehicle is required.

  When the spot light from the spot light irradiating portion is stabilized in a state where the spot light is located in the center of the coil of the roadside antenna, the normal vector of the directional plane of the antenna is calculated and the value of the direction angle is notified to the roadside power supply device 1. . The normal vector may be either a global coordinate system or a local coordinate system, and is calculated by correcting the direction angle of the vehicle antenna unit 30 with the traveling direction of the vehicle based on the input information from the travel information input unit 45. . Further, when the future travel locus becomes a curve, the road-side power supply device 1 side can estimate the subsequent angle correction by notifying the travel route information to the road-side power supply device 1 side. Then, based on the value of the notified normal vector, the direction adjustment of the roadside antenna is performed by the roadside power supply device 1 as described above, so that the directivity surfaces of the roadside antenna and the vehicle side antenna unit 30 face each other. In this state, transmission efficiency can be improved by performing power transmission via the power transmission coil antenna.

  The amount of power received from the roadside power supply device 1 or discharged to the roadside power supply device 1 is monitored by the power control unit 39. The power control unit 39 stops the power transmission process when the set amount is reached, and transmits a completion signal to the main control unit 38. On the other hand, when it is detected that the power transmission of the set amount has not been completed and the final roadside antenna is passed, the result (transmitted power amount) is notified to the main control unit 38.

  At the exit of the power transmission travel area, the main control unit 38 sends the result of power transmission to the wireless communication unit 35 and transmits it to the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 of the roadside power supply device 1 via the communication antenna. . In parallel, the result of power transmission is received from the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 of the roadside power supply device 1, and the main control unit 38 confirms its consistency. And the information presentation screen according to the result is displayed on the display unit 43. Information displayed on the information display screen includes the area name of the roadside power supply device 1, the amount of transmission power (corresponding cruising distance), transmission efficiency, fee information (billing / reduction information), and any errors. Display.

[Outline of antenna direction control]
Next, a procedure for directional control in which the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 cooperate with each other so that the directivity surfaces of the antenna units face each other will be described with reference to FIG. The term “facing” here means that not only the surfaces face each other but also the center normal of the power transmission coil on the vehicle side and the center normal of the power transmission coil on the road side directly in space. A collision situation is desirable. In order to achieve such a state, direction control is performed in the following procedure.

Step 1: See FIG. 9 (a) When the vehicle approaches the roadside antenna unit 10, on the vehicle side power supply device 3 side, the target antenna detection sensor (camera) 31 is directed with the directional surface of the vehicle side antenna unit 30 facing forward in the traveling direction. Then, the target roadside antenna unit 10 is photographed, and irradiation of the spot light extending in the antenna directivity direction from the spot light irradiation unit is started. Then, the irradiation position of the spot light is measured from the captured image, the center cross drawn in the center of the coil of the roadside antenna unit 10 is set as the irradiation target, and the antenna drive mechanism 32 is operated according to the measured irradiation position of the spot light. Let In this way, the direction of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is adjusted so that the spot light hits the vicinity of the center of the coil of the target road-side antenna unit 10. In addition, if the traveling area for power transmission is a flat road surface without unevenness, it is easy to aim at the center of the coil of the roadside antenna unit 10 with spot light.

Step 2: See FIG. 9B On the road side power supply device 1 side, the spot light sensor 110 provided on the antenna surface is used to measure the irradiation position of the spot light emitted from the vehicle side antenna unit 30. As a result of the measurement, when the irradiation position of the spot light is deviated from the center of the coil, the deviation amount is notified to the vehicle side through the communication antenna of the roadside antenna unit 10. On the vehicle-side power supply device 3 side, the direction of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is adjusted so that the spot light is located at the center of the coil of the road-side antenna unit 10 based on the notified information on the deviation amount.

Step 3: See FIG. 9 (c) On the roadside power supply device 1 side, when the spot light is stably detected at the center of the coil of the roadside antenna unit 10, the direction angle of the antenna (from the antenna side) (Direction vector) is received through the communication antenna of the roadside antenna unit 10. And the antenna drive control part 16 sets the direction angle of the roadside antenna unit 10 to the value which opposes the direction angle of the vehicle side antenna unit 30, operates an actuator according to the setting, and adjusts the direction of the roadside antenna unit 10 To do. Thereby, the directivity surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 and the directivity surface of the vehicle side antenna unit 30 become parallel, and antennas face each other reliably. Thereafter, as shown in the order of (1) → (2) → (3) shown in FIG. 9C, both the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 are connected to each other as the vehicle moves. The direction is adjusted so as to track the unit, and the antennas are kept facing each other. By performing such control, the power transmission efficiency is increased.

  Note that in step 3, the direction angle of the antenna (the antenna direction vector) transmitted from the vehicle-side power supply device 3 to the road-side power supply device 1 is based on the result of angle sensing in the antenna drive mechanism 32 of the vehicle-side power supply device 3. It is measured. At this time, when the vehicle is traveling in an oblique direction with respect to the guideline drawn along the traveling area for power transmission, the vehicle is viewed from the direction angle measured by the vehicle-side power supply device 3 and the roadside antenna unit 10 side. There is a deviation from the actual direction angle of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30. At the entrance of the power transmission travel area, the traveling direction is instructed to the vehicle so as to travel along the guidelines (that is, at a predetermined constant distance from the roadside antenna unit 10). However, in the case of manual operation, it may not be possible to travel as instructed.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, the vehicle-side power supply device 3 corrects the direction angle of the antenna based on the deviation angle of the traveling direction of the vehicle with respect to the guideline. Specifically, the deviation angle of the traveling direction of the vehicle with respect to the guideline is measured from a steering angle, line detection by image recognition, or the like, and the antenna direction angle is corrected based on the measurement result. The corrected antenna direction angle is transmitted to the roadside power supply device 1.

  Next, a method for adjusting the direction of the antenna based on the image captured by the camera will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, when the roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle side antenna unit 30 are imaged with the camera on the side of the vehicle side power supply device 3 on which the position detection markings are respectively provided on the directivity surfaces of the roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle side antenna unit 30, Alternatively, when the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is imaged by the camera on the road-side power supply device 1 side, in any case, the correction direction of the own antenna can be detected based on the distortion of the shape of the position detection mark in the captured image. ing. When the position detection mark is distorted in the height direction in the captured image of the antenna of the opposite party, the antenna of the opposite party is inclined in the vertical (pitch) direction. Correct (X-axis). Also. When the shape of the position detection mark is distorted in the width direction in the captured image of the antenna of the opposite party, the antenna of the opposite party is tilted in the left / right (yaw) direction. Y axis) is corrected.

[Description of road-to-vehicle power transmission processing]
Next, a processing sequence of road-to-vehicle power transmission processing executed in cooperation between the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 will be described based on ladder charts of FIGS.

(1) Processing sequence between vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 and vehicle-side power supply 3 FIG. 12 shows vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 of road-side power supply 1 and main control unit 38 of vehicle-side power supply 3. It is a ladder chart which shows the process sequence performed between these.

  As shown in FIG. 12, first, the main control unit 38 of the vehicle-side power supply device 3 measures the current location of the host vehicle and confirms the position of the road-side power supply device 1 that can be used. If it determines with having approached the traveling area for transmission, a charge / discharge preparation process will be started (S200).

  On the other hand, the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 of the roadside power supply device 1 constantly transmits a polling signal for inquiring whether there is a passing vehicle (S100). The polling signal includes a roadside ID that is identification information of the roadside power supply device 1.

  When the vehicle enters the communication range of the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11, the main control unit 38 receives a polling signal through the wireless communication unit 35. As a response to the received polling signal, the main control unit 38 transmits request information including the vehicle ID, which is identification information of the own vehicle, the request contents for the road-side power supply device 1, and the like to the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 (S201). ). Note that the vehicle ID may be information necessary for fee settlement, such as identification information on the vehicle-mounted device or user identification information recorded on a storage medium inserted in the vehicle-mounted device. The request content for the road-side power supply device 1 includes information such as a charge / discharge category indicating whether the request is for charging the own vehicle or a discharge request from the own vehicle, and a required value for the amount of power to be charged / discharged. The method for determining the request content for the roadside power supply device 1 will be described later.

  When the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 receives the request information from the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the vehicle detector 11 compares the vehicle ID included therein with the vehicle ID for authentication stored in the storage unit 23, and Is recognized (S101). Next, a response including the vehicle information transmission request and the roadside ID is transmitted to the recognized vehicle (S102).

  When receiving the response including the vehicle information transmission request and the roadside ID, the main control unit 38 prepares vehicle information necessary for transmission to the roadside power supply device 1 (S202). Specifically, the vehicle information includes specifications of a charging / discharging device mounted on the vehicle (for example, a worldwide standardized category number, a range of transmission power that can be handled, and a transmission frequency band (ie, adjustment of resonance frequency). , Etc.), travel information such as the speed and position of the vehicle, and the like. Then, a response including the vehicle information prepared in S202 and the vehicle ID of the host vehicle is transmitted to the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 (S203).

  When the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 receives the response including the vehicle information and the vehicle ID from the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 transmits the request content and the vehicle information from the vehicle to the communication data processing unit 17 (S103). ). Each information transmitted to the communication data processing unit 17 is sent to the antenna control unit 13 and the main control unit 18 attached to each roadside antenna unit 10 and processed. Each antenna control unit 13 sets conditions related to charging / discharging, such as a resonance frequency and transmission power that match the specifications of the vehicle-side power supply device, based on the charge / discharge request contents and vehicle information, and matches the set conditions. The power transmission processing circuit 14 of each antenna is adjusted. The main control unit 18 quickly calculates whether or not the requested content from the vehicle can be satisfied, and prepares conditions relating to the vehicle traveling method suitable for the requested content. Specifically, various conditions such as a traveling speed suitable for achieving the required power transmission, an approach distance with the antenna, and an accuracy of the degree of facing between the antennas are set.

  The communication data processing unit 17 uses the vehicle ID detected by the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 as a classification label, and sets the time for each information received from the vehicle-side power supply device 3 by the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11. Add information and store it. Communication data transmitted and received between each antenna and the vehicle is stored as a data record using the vehicle ID as a search main key. If the data record is tagged data such as XML (Extensible Markup Language), it becomes easy to perform subsequent data processing.

  Next, the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 receives various conditions regarding the charging / discharging and the traveling method set by the antenna control unit 13 and the main control unit 18 through the communication data processing unit, and follows those conditions. Request to run and charge / discharge (power transmission condition setting request transmission, S104).

  When receiving the power transmission condition setting request from the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11, the main control unit 38 confirms the contents of the power transmission condition (S204). Then, it is determined whether or not the proposed power transmission condition can be applied from the road-side power supply device 1 side in light of the request content in the situation of the host vehicle (S205). When it is determined that it is applicable (S205: YES), various conditions on the host vehicle side are set according to the proposed power transmission conditions from the road-side power supply device 1 side (S206). Specifically, the power transmission processing circuit 33 is adjusted in accordance with conditions (resonance frequency, transmission power, etc.) relating to charging / discharging in the request contents. In addition, the control content of the automatic travel is set in accordance with the conditions regarding the travel method in the request content (vehicle speed, distance to the antenna, accuracy of the degree of facing of the antenna, etc.). Then, an approval notification for the proposed power transmission condition is transmitted to the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 (S207).

  When the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 receives the notification of acceptance of the power transmission condition from the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the vehicle detector (notice) 11 notifies the communication data processing unit 17 (S105). This approval notification is notified from the communication data processing unit 17 to the main control unit 18. The main control unit 18 performs scheduling of the power control unit 19 in accordance with the agreed power transmission conditions. That is, in the traveling area for power transmission of the roadside power supply device 1, a plurality of vehicles may perform power transmission at the same time, so that the vehicle control and power transmission for each vehicle can be accurately performed. Develop a time schedule for power transmission and reception. The scheduling result is notified to the antenna control unit 13 of each antenna via the communication data processing unit 17 and is also transmitted to the vehicle.

  On the other hand, if the main control unit 38 makes a negative determination in S205 (S205: NO), that is, if it is determined that the proposed power transmission condition cannot be applied from the roadside power supply device 1, a request for changing the power transmission condition is transmitted. The process branches depending on whether or not (S208). When a change request is transmitted (S208: YES), a setting change request for changing to a power transmission condition having contents applicable at that time is transmitted to the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 (S209). When the change request is not transmitted (S208: NO), the road-to-vehicle power transmission process is stopped (S210).

  When the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 receives the setting change request from the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the vehicle detector (notice) 11 notifies the communication data processing unit 17 (S103). This setting change request is notified from the communication data processing unit 17 to the main control unit 18. Based on the content of the setting change request, the main control unit 18 sets a new power transmission condition for proposing processing that is possible at that time to the vehicle side. For example, in the time until passing through the power transmission travel area, if the power transmission of the required amount of power cannot be performed by the main road side power supply device 1 alone, the travel speed of the vehicle is set slower, or the main road side power supply device 1 An alternative plan is developed in which power is transmitted to and from other roadside power supply devices 1 in different locations. The vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 receives the alternative set by the main control unit 18 through the communication data processing unit, and requests power transmission and charging / discharging along the alternative. The setting request is transmitted again (S104).

  Thereafter, when the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 determines that the vehicle has passed the entrance of the traveling area for power transmission (S106: YES), the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 performs passage communication with the communication data processing unit 17 (S107). This passage communication is notified from the communication data processing unit 17 to the antenna control unit 13 and the main control unit 18 of each antenna.

(2) Processing sequence between each roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 Next, FIGS. 13 and 14 show each antenna control unit 13 of the roadside power supply device 1 and the main control unit 38 of the vehicle-side power supply device 3. It is a ladder chart which shows the processing sequence performed between. This processing sequence is executed after the processing sequence between the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 is completed.

  As shown in FIG. 13, first, when the antenna control unit 13 of the roadside power supply device 1 receives the detected vehicle recognition information and the entrance passage information of the vehicle from the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11, The road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15 that is the control target prepares for communication with the designated vehicle, and the directivity plane of the road-side antenna unit 10 that is the control target is set to the maximum angle that faces the designated vehicle that approaches. ). For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the designated vehicle approaches from the right direction of the power transmission travel area, the direction of the roadside antenna unit 10 is changed to the maximum movable range in the right direction. In that state, it waits until it detects the irradiation of the spot light from the vehicle side power supply device 3 (S301).

  On the other hand, the main control unit 38 of the vehicle-side power supply device 3 searches for a roadside antenna unit to be captured from an image captured by the target antenna detection sensor (camera) 31 toward the installation side of the roadside antenna unit 10 ahead in the traveling direction. (S400). Then, when the roadside antenna unit 10 to be captured is found (S401: YES), the directivity plane of the vehicle side antenna unit 30 is set to the roadside to be captured based on the position of the antenna detected by the target antenna detection sensor (camera) 31. While directing to the direction of the antenna unit 10, the spot light irradiating unit starts irradiating spot light indicating the direction of the vehicle antenna unit 30 (S402).

  When the spot light sensor 110 on the directional surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 detects spot light irradiation (S301: YES), the antenna control unit 13 measures the irradiation position on the directional surface of the antenna (S302). As a result of the measurement, when the irradiation position of the spot light is deviated from the center (center mark) of the coil antenna, the deviation amount is transferred to the vehicle side power supply device 3 through the road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15 and the communication antenna of the roadside antenna unit 10. Notice. The antenna control unit 13 repeats measurement of the spot light irradiation position and notification of the measurement result until the spot light irradiation position is stably fixed (locked) to the center of the coil antenna (S303).

  When the designated vehicle is detected by the vehicle-side antenna detection sensor or the like of the roadside antenna unit 10, the power transmission processing circuit 14 attached to the roadside antenna unit 10 transmits power at a preset resonance frequency and transmission power. Predetermined power transmission (power transmission / reception) by the coil antenna is started. Further, at the same timing, the power transmission processing circuit 33 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 starts predetermined power transmission (power reception / power transmission) by the power transmission coil antenna at a preset resonance frequency and transmission power.

  On the other hand, when the main control unit 38 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 receives the information of the irradiation position of the spot light from the roadside antenna unit 10, the spot light is centered on the target coil antenna (center mark) based on this information. The angle of the vehicle antenna unit 30 is adjusted so as to be positioned (S403). After the angle adjustment, it is determined whether or not the irradiation position of the spot light is positioned at the center of the target coil antenna based on the received irradiation position information (S404). If the irradiation position of the spot light is still deviated from the center of the target coil antenna (S404: NO), the angle adjustment of the antenna is repeated again (S403). As a result of the angle adjustment, when the irradiation position of the spot light moves to the center of the target coil antenna (S404: YES), tracking adjustment that maintains the state where the spot light hits the center of the target coil antenna by fine adjustment of the antenna angle (Lock) is performed (S405). Here, if the irradiation position of the spot light can be fixed at the center of the target coil antenna (S406: YES), the antenna lock information for notifying the completion of the lock is transmitted to the target roadside antenna unit 10 ( S408). On the other hand, if the irradiation position of the spot light cannot be fixed at the center of the target coil antenna (S406: NO), the tracking adjustment in S405 is repeated.

  Next, the normal vector of the directional plane of the antenna is calculated based on the detected value of the rotation angle in the antenna drive mechanism 32 (S408). Then, based on the image recognition result of the road surface guideline, etc., it is determined whether or not the normal vector needs to be corrected due to the deviation of the traveling direction of the host vehicle (S409). When correction is not necessary (S409: NO), the normal vector value calculated in S408 is transmitted to the target roadside antenna unit 10 (S411). On the other hand, if correction is necessary (S409: YES), a correction value is calculated based on the deviation of the traveling direction of the host vehicle with respect to the guideline, a corrected normal vector value is calculated (S410), and the corrected normal vector is calculated. Is transmitted to the target roadside antenna unit 10 (S411).

  When the antenna control unit 13 receives the antenna lock information from the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the spot light sensor 110 measures the spot light irradiation position, and whether or not the spot light irradiation position is fixed at the center of the coil antenna. Is determined (S304). When it is determined that the spot light irradiation position is not fixed at the center of the coil antenna (S304: NO), the spot light irradiation position information is notified again to the vehicle side power supply device 3 in S303, and the vehicle side antenna unit 30 is provided. Adjust the direction of. On the other hand, when it is determined that the irradiation position of the spot light is fixed at the center of the coil antenna (S304: YES), the directivity surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 is matched to the value of the normal vector received from the vehicle side power supply device 3. The direction angle of the roadside antenna unit 10 is adjusted to a position facing the direction angle of the vehicle side antenna unit 30 (S305). Thereby, the directivity surface of the roadside antenna unit 10 and the directivity surface of the vehicle side antenna unit 30 become parallel, and antennas face each other reliably.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 14, the antenna control unit 13 determines whether or not the current angle of the roadside antenna unit 10 is larger than a specified value (= before reaching the maximum angle) (S306). If the antenna angle is equal to or smaller than the specified value (S306: NO), the process returns to S301 (FIG. 13). On the other hand, when the antenna angle is larger than the specified value (S306: YES), the communication data is used to notify that the designated vehicle is about to leave the tracking movable range of the main road side antenna unit 10. The data is transmitted to the processing unit 17 (S307). The communication data processing unit 17 that has received the notification immediately before passing the vehicle issues a communication preparation command to the antenna control unit 13 of the roadside antenna unit 10 that the designated vehicle will reach next.

  Next, the antenna control unit 13 transmits antenna passing notice information for notifying the vehicle that the roadside antenna unit 10 is about to leave the tracking movable range to the vehicle-side power supply device 3 (S308). . Then, as a result of the follow-up control, it is determined whether or not the current angle of the roadside antenna unit 10 is larger than the maximum value (S309). When the antenna angle is equal to or less than the maximum value (S309: NO), the tracking control and power transmission by the roadside antenna unit 10 are continued. On the other hand, when the antenna angle is larger than the maximum value (S309: YES), power transmission completion is output (S310). At this time, power transmission to the vehicle by the roadside antenna unit 10 is finished. And the completion of the electric power transmission by the main road side antenna unit 10 and the information regarding the next antenna are transmitted to the vehicle side power supply device 3 (S311).

  And the antenna control part 13 switches the main body of an electric power transmission process to the following antenna, when the main road side antenna unit 10 is not the tail (S312: NO) (S313). Thereby, the follow-up control and power transmission by this processing sequence are performed by the antenna control unit 13 of the roadside antenna unit 10 through which the designated vehicle passes next. Or when the main road side antenna unit 10 is the last (S314: NO), the completion of this process sequence is notified to the communication data processing part 17 (S414). This completion notification is sent from the communication data processing unit 17 to the main control unit 18.

  On the other hand, when receiving the antenna passage advance notice information from the target roadside antenna unit 10, the main control unit 38 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 searches for the position of the next target roadside antenna unit 10 and prepares for antenna direction switching. (S412). When the information about the completion of power transmission and the next antenna is received from the target roadside antenna unit 10, the process branches depending on whether or not the current roadside antenna unit 10 is the last (S413). If the currently targeted roadside antenna unit 10 is not the last (S413: NO), the antenna direction is switched to the next target roadside antenna unit 10 (S414), and the process returns to S403 (FIG. 13). . On the other hand, when the roadside antenna unit 10 currently targeted is the tail (S413: YES), the power transmission processing results (charged / discharged electric energy, etc.) are tabulated (S415).

(3) Processing Sequence Between Vehicle Detector (for Exit) 12 and Car-side Power Supply 3 Next, FIG. 15 shows the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 of the road-side power supply 1 and the main of the vehicle-side power supply 3. 4 is a ladder chart showing a processing sequence performed with a control unit 38. This processing sequence is executed after the processing sequence between each roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 is completed.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 of the roadside power supply device 1 constantly transmits a polling signal for inquiring whether there is a passing vehicle (S500). The polling signal includes the roadside ID of the roadside power supply device 1.

  When the vehicle enters the communication range of the vehicle detector (for exit) 12, the main control unit 38 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 receives the polling signal through the wireless communication unit 35. As a response to the received polling signal, the main control unit 38 transmits response information including the vehicle ID of the host vehicle and information indicating the power transmission result to the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 (S600). This power transmission result includes information indicating the total result of the amount of power charged / discharged on the vehicle side.

  When the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 receives the response information from the vehicle-side power supply device 3, the vehicle detector 12 compares the vehicle ID included therein with the vehicle ID for authentication stored in the storage unit 23, and the vehicle (S501) and the response information is transmitted to the main control unit 18 through the communication data processing unit 17.

  When receiving the response information of the vehicle through the communication data processing unit 17, the main control unit 18 of the roadside power supply device 1 confirms the content (S700). And the information which shows a confirmation result is transmitted to the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 through the communication data processing part 17 (S701). The information indicating the confirmation result includes the roadside ID of the roadside power supply device 1, the vehicle ID of the vehicle, the determination result of power transmission / reception, and the total result of the amount of electric power that the roadside power supply device 1 transmits and receives to / from the vehicle. Etc. are included. The vehicle detector (for exit) 12 transmits the confirmation result received through the communication data processing unit 17 to the vehicle-side power supply device 3.

  When receiving the confirmation result notification from the vehicle detector (for exit) 12, the main control unit 38 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 displays the information content on the display unit 43 (S601). Then, a confirmation result receipt response including the vehicle ID of the host vehicle is transmitted to the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 (S602).

  Next, the main control unit 18 of the road-side power supply device 1 calculates a charge related to the power transmission performed for the vehicle (S702), and the charge information is transmitted to the vehicle detector (for exit) through the communication data processing unit 17. 12 to send. The vehicle detector (for exit) 12 transmits the fee information received from the main control unit 18 to the vehicle-side power supply device 3. The fee is determined according to the amount of power transmitted to and received from the vehicle. For example, when power is transmitted to the vehicle, charging is performed according to the amount of power, and when power is received from the vehicle, a fee according to the amount of power is returned.

  When receiving the charge information from the vehicle detector (for exit) 12, the main control unit 38 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 displays the charge content on the display unit 43 (S603), and includes charge information including the vehicle ID of the host vehicle. A receipt response is transmitted to the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 (S604). Then, information such as the total result of the current power transmission and the charge is recorded in the storage unit 44 (S605). Thereafter, the processing sequence with the roadside power supply device 1 is completed, and communication is stopped (S606).

  On the other hand, when the vehicle detector (for exit) 12 receives the charge information receipt response from the vehicle-side power supply device 3 (S502: YES), it notifies the main control unit 18 that there is a response through the communication data processing unit 17. (S503). Receiving this notification, the main control unit 18 records information such as a total result of the current power transmission and a charge in the storage unit 23 in association with the corresponding vehicle ID (S703). The recorded information is sent to a toll collection center at a remote location through a communication network.

[Description of processing executed by roadside power supply device]
Next, the flowchart of FIG. 16 shows the procedure of the power transmission control process executed when each antenna control unit 13 of the roadside power supply device 1 performs power transmission with a designated vehicle traveling in the power transmission traveling area. This will be explained based on. This process is a process in which the antenna control unit 13 performs power transmission in accordance with the process sequence (FIGS. 13 and 14) between the roadside antenna unit 10 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 described above.

  When the antenna control unit 13 first receives control information from the antenna control unit 13 immediately before the vehicle traveling direction (S800: YES), the antenna control unit 13 stores the control information and the contents of the control information (for example, antenna The degree of approach of the designated vehicle is determined from (angle) (S801). Next, the designated vehicle is detected based on the determination result of the approach degree (S802). On the other hand, when the control information is not received from the antenna control unit 13 immediately before the vehicle traveling direction (S800: NO), the designated vehicle is detected (S802). In addition, the detection of a designated vehicle is determined based on the detection result by the vehicle side antenna detection sensor of the roadside antenna unit 10, for example, based on the possibility of near field communication by the communication antenna of the roadside antenna unit 10.

  If the designated vehicle is not detected in S802 (S802: NO), the process returns to S800. On the other hand, when a handling vehicle is detected (S802: YES), information is exchanged with the handling vehicle by short-range wireless communication by the road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit 15 (S803). Here, confirmation of the power transmission conditions determined in the processing sequence (FIG. 12) between the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 described above, and acquisition of vehicle speed control information and current position information from the vehicle are performed. Do.

  Next, in S804, the process branches depending on whether there is an overtaking or interruption by another vehicle with respect to the designated vehicle. The presence / absence of overtaking or interruption by another vehicle is, for example, vehicle recognition information or passage information regarding the other vehicle from the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11, passage information from the front antenna control unit 13, or other information by the own antenna control unit 13. Estimate based on vehicle detection results and information exchange.

  In S805, when it is determined that there is no overtaking or interruption for the designated vehicle (S804: YES), power transmission preparation for the power transmission processing circuit 14 and the antenna drive control unit 16 is performed. Here, predetermined power transmission conditions (resonance frequency, transmission power) with the designated vehicle are applied to the power transmission processing circuit 14, and the power transmission direction and antenna are determined based on the position information and speed control information of the designated vehicle. Is set to follow the vehicle and applied to the antenna drive control unit 16. Alternatively, when the control information from the antenna control unit 13 on the front side is stored, the conditions of the control information (antenna angle, tracking angular velocity, etc.) are applied to the antenna drive control unit 16 of this antenna.

  Next, while the roadside antenna unit 10 is rotated at the set following angular velocity, the power transmission is performed by the coil antenna for power transmission while causing the directivity surface to follow the designated vehicle, and the current antenna angle, following angular velocity, and the designated vehicle position are also transmitted. Then, control information including information such as communication conditions is transmitted to the next antenna control unit 13 (S806). While the rotation angle of the antenna is less than the predetermined maximum value (S807: NO), the process of S806 is continued. When the rotation angle of the antenna reaches a predetermined maximum value (S807: YES), power transmission is stopped and preparation for the next vehicle (for example, resetting of the antenna angle or communication setting) is performed (S808). Thereafter, the process returns to S800.

  On the other hand, when it is determined in S804 that there is an overtaking or interruption for the designated vehicle (S804: NO), in S809, the power transmission condition setting change corresponding to this overtaking or interruption vehicle (hereinafter, the next vehicle), and It is determined whether the power transmission preparation is in time. When it is determined that the setting change for the next vehicle and the power transmission preparation are in time (S809: YES), the setting is changed to the power transmission condition corresponding to the next vehicle and the power transmission preparation for the next vehicle is made (S810). After preparation, it transfers to the process of S806 and starts the electric power transmission with respect to the following vehicle.

  On the other hand, when it is determined that the setting change for the next vehicle and the power transmission preparation are not in time (S809: NO), the power transmission for the next vehicle is stopped, and an alarm regarding the power transmission stop is transmitted to the next vehicle. Furthermore, vehicle information (vehicle speed control information, current position information, etc.) regarding the next vehicle is transmitted to the next antenna control unit 13 (S811). Thereafter, the process returns to S800.

[Description of processing executed by vehicle-side power supply device]
Next, a procedure of vehicle control processing executed by the main control unit 38 of the vehicle-side power supply device 3 when the vehicle travels in the power transmission travel area will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. This process is executed in a period from when the host vehicle approaches the road-side power supply device 1 on the travel route until power transmission with the road-side power supply device 1 is completed.

  The main control unit 38 first confirms the current position and the installation position of the road-side power supply device 1 on the travel route, and starts preparation for power transmission (S900). Next, the content of the power transmission condition received from the vehicle detector (for entrance) 11 of the roadside power supply device 1 is confirmed (S901). As described above, the power transmission conditions include recommended conditions such as the amount of power to be charged / discharged, the traveling speed suitable for achieving the required power transmission, and the appropriate distance to the antenna. Therefore, in S902, the process branches according to the content of the recommended condition.

  When a process for performing appropriate power transmission in the branch of S902 is selected (S902: power transmission is desired moderately), high-speed guideline recognition automatic that automatically travels along the high-speed guideline 500a (see FIG. 1) of the roadside power supply device 1 Transition to the running mode (S903). In this traveling mode, the position of the high-speed guideline 500a is recognized by image recognition or the like from an image captured by the in-vehicle camera (S904). If the vehicle travel position deviates from the high speed guideline 500a (S904: YES), the vehicle steering device is controlled via the in-vehicle communication network, and the travel position of the host vehicle is on the high speed guideline 500a. The direction is corrected so as to be formed (S905).

  At the same time, a preceding vehicle that travels ahead in the traveling direction of the host vehicle in the traveling area for power transmission is detected by a millimeter wave radar, a vehicle-mounted camera, inter-vehicle communication, or the like (S906). If there is a preceding vehicle (S906: YES), the vehicle accelerator or brake is controlled via the in-vehicle communication network, and the inter-vehicle distance control is started to keep the inter-vehicle distance appropriately with the detected preceding vehicle (S907). .

  Next, in S908, it is determined whether or not power transmission with the roadside power supply device 1 is completed. If power transmission is continuing (S908: NO), the process returns to S903 and power transmission is completed. (S908: YES), this process is terminated (S909).

  On the other hand, when processing for transmitting as much power as possible is selected in the branch of S902 (S902: We want to transmit as much power as possible), the vehicle automatically travels according to the low speed guideline 500b (see FIG. 1) of the roadside power supply device 1. Then, it shifts to the low speed guideline recognition automatic travel mode for maintaining a predetermined proximity distance with the roadside antenna unit 10 (S910). In this traveling mode, first, the retractable door mirror and the power window are controlled through the in-vehicle communication network to place the retractable door mirror in the retracted state and close the power window on the side facing the road side power supply device 1 (S911). Further, the position of the low-speed guideline 500b is recognized by image recognition or the like from an image captured by the in-vehicle camera (S912). When the travel position of the vehicle deviates from the low speed guideline 500b (S912: YES), the vehicle steering device is controlled via the in-vehicle communication network so that the travel position of the host vehicle is on the low speed guideline 500b. The direction is corrected to (S913).

  At the same time, a preceding vehicle that travels ahead in the traveling direction of the host vehicle in the traveling area for power transmission is detected by a millimeter wave radar, a vehicle-mounted camera, inter-vehicle communication, or the like (S914). If there is a preceding vehicle (S914: YES), the vehicle accelerator is controlled via the in-vehicle communication network, and the inter-vehicle distance control is started to keep the inter-vehicle distance with the detected preceding vehicle appropriately (S915).

  Next, in S916, it is determined whether or not the power transmission with the roadside power supply device 1 is completed. If the power transmission is continuing (S916: NO), the process returns to S910 and the power transmission is completed. (S916: YES), the process is terminated (S917).

  On the other hand, when processing for transmitting a small amount of power while traveling at high speed is selected in the branch of S902 (S902: power transmission is possible because it is a little possible at high speed traveling), first, by millimeter wave radar, in-vehicle camera, inter-vehicle communication, etc. A preceding vehicle is detected on the high-speed guideline 500a (S918). If no preceding vehicle exists on the high-speed guideline 500a (S918: YES), the process proceeds to S919, while if a preceding vehicle exists (S918: NO), this process ends.

  In S919, which proceeds when there is no preceding vehicle on the high-speed guideline 500a, the process shifts to a high-speed guideline recognition automatic travel mode that automatically travels along the high-speed guideline 500a of the road-side power supply device 1. In this traveling mode, the position of the high-speed guideline 500a is recognized by image recognition or the like from an image captured by the in-vehicle camera (S920). If the vehicle travel position deviates from the high speed guideline 500a (S920: YES), the vehicle steering device is controlled via the in-vehicle communication network, and the travel position of the host vehicle is on the high speed guideline 500a. The direction is corrected so as to be formed (S921).

  Next, in S922, it is determined whether or not the power transmission with the roadside power supply device 1 is completed. If the power transmission is continuing (S922: NO), the process returns to S918, and the power transmission is completed. (S922: YES), this process is terminated (S923).

  Next, the procedure of power transmission / reception selection processing executed by the main control unit 38 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. This process is executed at a predetermined timing (every predetermined travel distance or every predetermined time) while the host vehicle is traveling.

  The main control unit 38 first executes countermeasure necessity confirmation processing (S1000). In this process, the necessity of overcharge countermeasures or overconsumption countermeasures is set based on the current power storage status and the power consumption amount in the future travel plan. The details of the countermeasure necessity confirmation process will be described later.

  Next, in S1001, the process branches according to the result of the countermeasure necessity confirmation process in S1000. Here, when the overcharge countermeasure or the overconsumption countermeasure is set as “necessary” (S1001: YES), the process proceeds to S1002, and when any countermeasure is set as “unnecessary” (S1001: NO), The process returns to S1000.

  In step S1002 that is performed when the overcharge countermeasure or the overconsumption countermeasure is set as “necessary”, the coping means is selected according to the necessary countermeasure and the necessary power transmission / reception amount is confirmed as the countermeasure. Specifically, depending on the required amount of power transmission / reception, it is determined whether to perform self-processing within the host vehicle or to perform joint processing with other nearby vehicles or the roadside power supply device 1 on the planned route. When the power transmission / reception amount to be dealt with is small, it is determined that the vehicle can deal with it. In addition, when the power transmission / reception amount to be dealt with is large, another vehicle capable of wireless power transmission around the host vehicle or the road-side power supply device 1 on the planned route is searched, and the co-operation with other vehicle or the road-side power supply device 1 Judgment is made.

  If it is determined as a result of the processing in S1002 that the host vehicle is capable of handling, the process proceeds to YES in S1003, and the host vehicle is charged / discharged (S1004). Specifically, when the battery needs to be charged, the battery is charged with the electric power generated by the on-vehicle generator. Alternatively, when the battery needs to be discharged, the battery power is consumed by the in-vehicle device.

  On the other hand, if it is determined as a result of the processing in S1002 that it can be dealt with jointly with another vehicle, the process proceeds to YES in S1004, and is dealt with by inter-vehicle charge / discharge processing (S1007). Specifically, when the battery needs to be charged, wireless power is received through the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 from another vehicle or other vehicle that can be jointly dealt with. Alternatively, when the battery needs to be discharged, wireless transmission is performed through the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 to other vehicles and other vehicles that can be dealt with jointly. When power transmission is performed with other vehicles that can be jointly handled, the vehicle and the platoon are traveling while traveling. In addition, since the electric power transmission between vehicles is not the main point of this invention, detailed description here is abbreviate | omitted.

  On the other hand, if it is determined as a result of the processing in S1002 that the coping with the road-side power supply device 1 on the planned route is possible, the process proceeds to YES in S1008 to deal with the road-to-vehicle charge / discharge processing (S1009). Specifically, when the battery needs to be charged, wireless power is received from the road-side power supply device 1 on the planned route through the vehicle-side antenna unit 30. Alternatively, when the battery needs to be discharged, power is wirelessly transmitted to the roadside power supply device 1 on the planned route through the vehicle-side antenna unit 30. The details of power transmission with the roadside power supply device 1 are as described above.

  Next, in S1005, it is determined whether or not necessary countermeasures have been completed as a result of the processes of S1004, S1007, and S1009. When the handling is completed (S1005: YES), the process returns to S1000. When the handling is not completed (S1005: NO), the process returns to S1003.

  On the other hand, if it is determined as a result of the processing in S1002 that neither self-handling within the host vehicle or co-working with another vehicle or the roadside power supply device 1 is possible, the process proceeds to NO in S1008. Guidance to other places where the own vehicle can be charged / discharged and search for other vehicles capable of wireless power transmission with the own vehicle are performed (S1010), and this processing is terminated.

  Next, the procedure of the necessity confirmation process for countermeasures executed by the main control unit 38 of the vehicle side power supply device 3 will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. This process is a process executed in S1000 of the above-described transmission / reception selection process (FIG. 18).

The main control unit 38 first determines whether or not a predetermined countermeasure necessity determination timing has arrived (S1100). The countermeasure necessity determination timing is defined by, for example, a travel distance or time.
When the countermeasure necessity determination timing has arrived (S1100: YES), the current power storage status in the power storage device 40, and the power consumption amount and the power generation amount in the future travel plan are confirmed (S1101).

  As shown in FIG. 20, the travel plan here refers to, for example, a travel route from a departure point to a destination, a change in the gradient or altitude of the travel route, a traffic jam, a baggage planned at a transit point on the travel route, This is information that covers information related to the energy balance during travel, such as changes in weight due to passengers loading and unloading, and the position of the roadside power supply device 1 installed on the travel path. This travel plan is registered in advance in the storage unit 44 of the vehicle-side power supply device 3 before the vehicle starts traveling, or the main control unit 38 uses the in-vehicle communication for route guidance information set in an in-vehicle navigation device (not shown). Get over the network. Then, the main control unit 38 calculates the power consumption and the power generation schedule from the prediction of the energy balance of the vehicle based on the preset travel plan.

  Returning to the flowchart of FIG. Next, in S1102, it is determined as a result of the processing in S1001 whether or not there is a possibility that overcharge exceeding the allowable range is performed by traveling according to the travel plan. If there is a possibility of overcharge (S1102: YES), the overcharge countermeasure is set to “necessary”, the current time and position are recorded (S1103), and this process is terminated.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in S1102 that there is no possibility of overcharging (S1102: NO), it is next determined whether or not there is a possibility of overconsumption exceeding an allowable range due to traveling according to the travel plan ( S1104). If there is a possibility of over-consumption (S1104: YES), the over-consumption countermeasure is set to “necessary”, the current time and position are recorded (S1105), and this process is terminated. On the other hand, if it is determined in S1104 that there is no possibility of overconsumption (S1104: NO), the countermeasure is set to “unnecessary” (S1106), and this process is terminated.

[Another embodiment]
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which both the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 drive the antenna unit so that the antenna directivity surfaces face each other has been described. Here, a case will be described in which the antenna on the road-side power supply device 1 side is fixed and only the antenna on the vehicle-side power supply device 3 side is driven.

  FIG. 21A shows an embodiment in which roadside antenna units 10a (antennas 1 to 4) are arranged in a state in which the directivity plane of the antenna is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle. In this case, the direction of the directivity plane of each roadside antenna unit 10a is fixed, and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 drives the antenna directivity plane toward the direction of the roadside antenna unit 10a, and the resonance frequencies are adjusted to each other. Conduct power transmission.

  FIG. 21B shows an embodiment in which the roadside antenna units 10b (antennas 1 to 3) are arranged in a state where the directivity surfaces of the antennas are individually inclined with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle. Also in this example, the direction of the directivity plane of each roadside antenna unit 10b is fixed, and the resonance frequency adjusted mutually while the vehicle side power supply device 3 drives the directivity plane of the antenna toward the direction of the roadside antenna unit 10b. Power transmission by.

  Also in the cases of FIGS. 21A and 21B, as shown in the graph in the figure, the transmission power temporarily reaches a maximum value at a certain point, but the transmission power is smaller than the maximum value at other locations. Become. As a result, the amount of transmitted power for one time is smaller than the amount of transmitted power when both the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 drive the antenna unit. However, since the mechanism for driving the antenna and the configuration for detecting the direction angle of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 can be omitted on the road-side power supply device 1 side, it is advantageous in terms of the cost related to the equipment.

  Alternatively, in addition to another embodiment shown in FIG. 21, only the road-side power supply device 1 side antenna may be driven, and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 side antenna may be fixed. In that case, the direction of the directivity surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 is fixed, and the road-side power supply device 1 sets the directivity surface of each road-side antenna unit 10 to the directivity surface of the vehicle-side antenna unit 30 according to the traveling position of the vehicle. While following, power transmission is performed at resonance frequencies adjusted with each other.

  Even in such a configuration, the amount of transmitted power for one time is smaller than the amount of transmitted power when both the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 drive the antenna unit. However, since the mechanism for driving the antenna and the configuration for detecting the direction angle of the roadside antenna unit 10 can be omitted on the side of the vehicle-side power supply device 3, it is advantageous in terms of costs related to the in-vehicle equipment.

[effect]
According to the road-to-vehicle power transmission system of the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Both the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 perform direction control so that the directivity surfaces of the antenna units for power transmission face each other, thereby reducing energy loss in power transmission by magnetic resonance. , Power transmission efficiency can be improved. In particular, when power is transmitted while the vehicle is traveling, the directivity planes of the antenna units can be tracked in accordance with the movement of the vehicle. it can.

  (2) Both the road-side power supply device 1 and the vehicle-side power supply device 3 can match the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance by the power transmission coil antenna. Thereby, magnetic resonance is established between apparatuses having various power transmission conditions according to the design specifications, and the power transmission service can be used efficiently.

  (3) The vehicle-side power supply device 3 can select a travel mode according to recommended power transmission conditions and perform automatic control of the vehicle accordingly. For example, by performing steering control so that the vehicle travels according to a guideline indicating a recommended travel position according to the amount of electric power to be transmitted, the vehicle travels while maintaining the distance between the vehicle and the roadside antenna unit 10 at an appropriate distance. be able to. In addition, by adjusting the speed of the host vehicle so that the distance between the vehicle and the preceding vehicle traveling in the power transmission traveling area is maintained within a predetermined range, vehicles traveling one after another in the power transmission traveling area are safer. Can keep the distance between cars.

  (4) The road-side power supply device 1 can continuously transmit power while sequentially switching the control of the plurality of road-side antenna units 10 according to the position of the traveling vehicle. In addition, even when a plurality of vehicles continuously enter the power transmission travel area, power transmission can be performed sequentially using the plurality of roadside antenna units 10.

[Correspondence between Configuration of Embodiment and Configuration described in Claims]
Correspondence between the configuration of each part of the road-to-vehicle power transmission system of the above embodiment and the configuration described in the claims is as follows.

(1) Roadside power supply device 1 The roadside antenna unit 10 (coil antenna for power transmission) corresponds to a roadside coil antenna. Actuators 161 and 162 correspond to roadside drive means. The vehicle detector 11 and the road-vehicle communication processing circuit 15 correspond to vehicle-side communication means. The antenna control unit 14 and the power transmission processing circuit 14 correspond to road-side frequency adjusting means and road-side power transmission / reception control means. The roadside antenna unit 10 (vehicle side antenna detection sensor) corresponds to roadside position detection means. The antenna control unit 13 and the antenna drive control unit 16 correspond to roadside direction adjusting means.

(2) Car-side power supply device 3 The car-side antenna unit 30 (coil antenna for power transmission) corresponds to the car-side coil antenna. The antenna drive mechanism 32 corresponds to the vehicle side drive means. The wireless communication unit 35 corresponds to vehicle side communication means. The power transmission processing circuit 33 and the main control unit 38 correspond to vehicle-side frequency adjusting means and vehicle-side power transmission / reception control means. The target antenna detection sensor 31 corresponds to vehicle side position detection means. The antenna drive control unit 36 and the main control unit 38 correspond to vehicle side direction adjusting means. The vehicle-side antenna unit 30 (spot light irradiation unit) corresponds to the light source means. The main control unit 38 corresponds to a travel plan acquisition unit, a power transmission / reception necessity determination unit, and a vehicle control unit.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Road side power supply device, 10 ... Road side antenna unit, 11 ... Vehicle detector (for entrance), Vehicle detector (for exit), 13 ... Antenna control part, 14 ... Electric power transmission processing circuit, 15 ... Road-to-vehicle communication processing circuit , 16 ... Antenna drive control unit, 17 ... Communication data processing unit, 18 ... Main control unit, 19 ... Power control unit, 20 ... Power storage device, 21 ... Power conversion processing circuit, 22 ... Power router, 23 ... Storage unit, 101 ... Position detection mark, 102 ... Center cross, 103 ... Coil position mark, 110 ... Spot light sensor, 111 ... Optical sensor, 112 ... Front side electrode, 113 ... Back side electrode, 114 ... Electric circuit, 115 ... Semiconductor material layer, 116 ... Transparent conductive film, 120 ... camera, 161, 162 ... actuator, 163 ... rotation angle sensor, 500 ... guideline.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Car side power supply device, 30 ... Car side antenna unit, 31 ... Target antenna detection sensor (camera), 32 ... Antenna drive control part, 34 ... Power transmission processing circuit, 35 ... Communication data processing circuit, 36 ... Antenna drive control , 38 ... main control unit, 39 ... power control unit, 40 ... power storage device, 41 ... power storage state monitoring unit, 42 ... position detection unit, 43 ... display unit, 44 ... storage unit, 45 ... travel information input unit, 301 ... position detection mark, 302 ... center cross, 303 ... coil position mark, 321, 322 ... actuator, 323 ... rotation angle sensor.

Claims (17)

A vehicle-side coil antenna that is installed toward the periphery of the vehicle body and transmits or receives power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Vehicle-side drive means for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle-side coil antenna;
Vehicle-side communication means for communicating information with the roadside power supply device;
Based on information communication regarding magnetic resonance conditions by the vehicle-side communication means, the resonance frequency of the vehicle-side coil antenna is adjusted according to the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the road-side coil antenna included in the road-side power supply device. Vehicle-side frequency adjusting means;
Vehicle side position detection means for detecting the position of the roadside coil antenna;
Based on the position detected by the vehicle side position detecting means, the vehicle side driving means is controlled to adjust the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna to face the detected road side coil antenna. Means,
The resonance frequency is adjusted with the road-side power supply device using the vehicle-side coil antenna in which the resonance frequency is adjusted by the vehicle-side frequency adjusting means and the direction of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the vehicle-side direction adjusting means. Vehicle side power transmission / reception control means for transmitting the AC power of
A vehicle-mounted power supply device comprising: The in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 1,
The vehicle side coil antenna is provided with light source means for irradiating aiming light along the direction of the center normal of the power transmission / reception surface,
The vehicle side direction adjusting means is configured to transmit and receive a power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna based on a positional relationship between a position where the aiming light from the light source means hits and a center position of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road side coil antenna. The vehicle-mounted power supply device is characterized in that the direction of the power transmission / reception surface of the vehicle side coil antenna is adjusted so that the center normal axis of the vehicle is aligned with the center position of the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna. In the in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 1 or claim 2,
Travel plan acquisition means for acquiring travel plan information relating to the travel plan of the host vehicle;
Predicting the storage status of the battery of the host vehicle based on the travel plan information acquired by the travel plan acquisition means, and determining whether or not it is necessary to receive power from outside or to transmit power to the outside according to the prediction result And a determination means,
The vehicle-side power transmission / reception control means selects and executes either power reception from the road-side power supply device or power transmission to the road-side power supply device according to a determination result by the power transmission / reception necessity determination means. In-vehicle power supply. The in-vehicle power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The vehicle-mounted power supply device further comprising vehicle control means for controlling the state of the host vehicle so as to meet a predetermined power transmission / reception running condition when power is transmitted to and from the roadside power supply device. The in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 4,
The on-vehicle power supply device, wherein the vehicle control means adjusts steering of the steering device so that the host vehicle travels on a power transmission / reception traveling range provided along a place where the roadside coil antenna is installed. In the in-vehicle power supply device according to claim 4 or claim 5,
The vehicle control means adjusts the speed of the host vehicle so that the distance between the vehicle and the other vehicle preceding the host vehicle is maintained within a predetermined range when power is transmitted to the roadside power supply device. An in-vehicle power supply device characterized by The in-vehicle power supply device according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
The vehicle control unit places a specific exterior device in a housed state when transmitting electric power to and from the roadside power supply device. A roadside coil antenna that is installed on the side of the roadway to transmit or receive power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Road-side drive means for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road-side coil antenna;
Roadside communication means for performing information communication with an in-vehicle power supply device mounted on a vehicle;
A roadside that adjusts the resonance frequency of the roadside coil antenna in accordance with the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the vehicle side coil antenna included in the vehicle-mounted power supply device based on information communication regarding the magnetic resonance condition by the roadside communication means A frequency adjusting means;
Road-side position detecting means for detecting the position of a vehicle-side coil antenna installed in a vehicle on which the on-vehicle power supply device is mounted;
Roadside direction adjusting means for controlling the roadside driving means based on the position detected by the roadside position detecting means to adjust the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna in the direction of the detected vehicle side coil antenna;
The resonance frequency is adjusted by the roadside frequency adjusting means, and the power of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the roadside direction adjusting means. Roadside power transmission / reception control means for transmitting
A roadside power supply device comprising: In the roadside power unit according to claim 8,
The roadside direction adjusting means acquires information on the direction angle of the transmission / reception surface of the vehicle side coil antenna, and based on the acquired information on the direction angle, the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna is transmitted and received by the vehicle side coil antenna. A road-side power supply device characterized by facing the power receiving surface. In the roadside power unit according to claim 8 or 9,
A plurality of the roadside coil antennas arranged along the roadway;
A plurality of the roadside drive means provided for each of the plurality of roadside coil antennas,
In each of the roadside driving means, a followable movable range is set in which the direction of the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna can be changed along the traveling direction of the vehicle,
The roadside direction adjusting means is configured to move the roadside coil antenna toward the vehicle side coil antenna as the vehicle moves, targeting the roadside coil antenna in which the vehicle side coil antenna is within the following movable range. If the position of the vehicle side coil antenna deviates from the tracking movable range of the roadside coil antenna as the vehicle moves, the next roadside coil adjacent to the vehicle moving direction is subject to the tracking control. The antennas were changed in turn,
The roadside power transmission / reception control means transmits AC power of the resonance frequency to / from the in-vehicle power supply device using the roadside coil antenna that is the target of the follow-up control. . A vehicle-side coil antenna that is installed toward the periphery of the vehicle body and transmits or receives power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Vehicle-side drive means for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle-side coil antenna;
Vehicle-side communication means for communicating information with the roadside power supply device;
Based on information communication regarding magnetic resonance conditions by the vehicle-side communication means, the resonance frequency of the vehicle-side coil antenna is adjusted according to the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the road-side coil antenna included in the road-side power supply device. Vehicle-side frequency adjusting means;
Vehicle side position detection means for detecting the position of the roadside coil antenna;
Based on the position detected by the vehicle side position detecting means, the vehicle side driving means is controlled to adjust the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna to face the detected road side coil antenna. Means,
The resonance frequency is adjusted with the road-side power supply device using the vehicle-side coil antenna in which the resonance frequency is adjusted by the vehicle-side frequency adjusting means and the direction of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the vehicle-side direction adjusting means. Vehicle side power transmission / reception control means for transmitting the AC power of
An in-vehicle power supply device comprising:
A roadside coil antenna that is installed on the side of the roadway to transmit or receive power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Road-side drive means for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road-side coil antenna;
Roadside communication means for performing information communication with the in-vehicle power supply device;
A roadside that adjusts the resonance frequency of the roadside coil antenna in accordance with the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the vehicle side coil antenna included in the vehicle-mounted power supply device based on information communication regarding the magnetic resonance condition by the roadside communication means A frequency adjusting means;
Road-side position detecting means for detecting the position of a vehicle-side coil antenna installed in a vehicle on which the on-vehicle power supply device is mounted;
Roadside direction adjusting means for controlling the roadside driving means based on the position detected by the roadside position detecting means to adjust the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna in the direction of the detected vehicle side coil antenna;
The resonance frequency is adjusted by the roadside frequency adjusting means, and the power of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the roadside direction adjusting means. Roadside power transmission / reception control means for transmitting
A roadside power supply device comprising:
A road-to-vehicle power transmission system comprising: The road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to claim 11,
In the in-vehicle power supply device,
The vehicle side coil antenna is provided with light source means for irradiating aiming light along the direction of the center normal of the power transmission / reception surface,
The vehicle side direction adjusting means is configured to transmit and receive a power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna based on a positional relationship between a position where the aiming light from the light source means hits and a center position of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road side coil antenna. Adjusting the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna so that the center normal axis of the vehicle is aligned with the center position of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road side coil antenna,
In the roadside power supply device,
The roadside direction adjusting means acquires information on the direction angle of the transmission / reception surface of the vehicle side coil antenna, and based on the acquired information on the direction angle, the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna is transmitted and received by the vehicle side coil antenna. Road-to-vehicle power transmission system characterized by facing the power-receiving surface. In the road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to claim 11 or claim 12,
In the roadside power supply device,
A plurality of the roadside coil antennas arranged along the roadway;
A plurality of the roadside drive means provided for each of the plurality of roadside coil antennas,
In each of the roadside driving means, a followable movable range is set in which the direction of the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna can be changed along the traveling direction of the vehicle,
The roadside direction adjusting means is configured to move the roadside coil antenna toward the vehicle side coil antenna as the vehicle moves, targeting the roadside coil antenna in which the vehicle side coil antenna is within the following movable range. If the position of the vehicle side coil antenna deviates from the tracking movable range of the roadside coil antenna as the vehicle moves, the next roadside coil adjacent to the vehicle moving direction is subject to the tracking control. The antennas were changed in turn,
The roadside power transmission / reception control means transmits AC power of the resonance frequency to and from the in-vehicle power supply device using the roadside coil antenna that is the target of the follow-up control. Transmission system. The road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
In the in-vehicle power supply device,
Travel plan acquisition means for acquiring travel plan information relating to the travel plan of the host vehicle;
Predicting the storage status of the battery of the host vehicle based on the travel plan information acquired by the travel plan acquisition means, and determining whether or not it is necessary to receive power from outside or to transmit power to the outside according to the prediction result And a determination means,
The vehicle-side power transmission / reception control means selects and executes either power reception from the road-side power supply device or power transmission to the road-side power supply device according to a determination result by the power transmission / reception necessity determination means. Road-to-vehicle power transmission system. The road-to-vehicle power transmission system according to any one of claims 11 to 14,
In the in-vehicle power supply device,
A road-to-vehicle power transmission system, further comprising vehicle control means for controlling the state of the host vehicle so as to follow a predetermined power transmission / reception running condition when power is transmitted to and from the roadside power supply device. A vehicle-side coil antenna that is installed toward the periphery of the vehicle body and transmits or receives power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Vehicle-side communication means for communicating information with the roadside power supply device;
Based on information communication regarding magnetic resonance conditions by the vehicle-side communication means, the resonance frequency of the vehicle-side coil antenna is adjusted according to the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the road-side coil antenna included in the road-side power supply device. Vehicle-side frequency adjusting means;
Vehicle-side power transmission / reception control means for transmitting AC power of the resonance frequency to and from the road-side power supply device using the vehicle-side coil antenna whose resonance frequency is adjusted by the vehicle-side frequency adjusting means;
An in-vehicle power supply device comprising:
A roadside coil antenna that is installed on the side of the roadway to transmit or receive power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Road-side drive means for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the road-side coil antenna;
Roadside communication means for performing information communication with the in-vehicle power supply device;
A roadside that adjusts the resonance frequency of the roadside coil antenna in accordance with the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the vehicle side coil antenna included in the vehicle-mounted power supply device based on information communication regarding the magnetic resonance condition by the roadside communication means A frequency adjusting means;
Road-side position detecting means for detecting the position of a vehicle-side coil antenna installed in a vehicle on which the on-vehicle power supply device is mounted;
Roadside direction adjusting means for controlling the roadside driving means based on the position detected by the roadside position detecting means to adjust the power transmission / reception surface of the roadside coil antenna in the direction of the detected vehicle side coil antenna;
The resonance frequency is adjusted by the roadside frequency adjusting means, and the power of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the roadside direction adjusting means. Roadside power transmission / reception control means for transmitting
A roadside power supply device comprising:
A road-to-vehicle power transmission system comprising: A vehicle-side coil antenna that is installed toward the periphery of the vehicle body and transmits or receives power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Vehicle-side drive means for changing the direction of the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle-side coil antenna;
Vehicle-side communication means for communicating information with the roadside power supply device;
Based on information communication regarding magnetic resonance conditions by the vehicle-side communication means, the resonance frequency of the vehicle-side coil antenna is adjusted according to the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the road-side coil antenna included in the road-side power supply device. Vehicle-side frequency adjusting means;
Vehicle side position detection means for detecting the position of the roadside coil antenna;
Based on the position detected by the vehicle side position detecting means, the vehicle side driving means is controlled to adjust the power transmitting / receiving surface of the vehicle side coil antenna to face the detected road side coil antenna. Means,
The resonance frequency is adjusted with the road-side power supply device using the vehicle-side coil antenna in which the resonance frequency is adjusted by the vehicle-side frequency adjusting means and the direction of the power transmission / reception surface is adjusted by the vehicle-side direction adjusting means. Vehicle side power transmission / reception control means for transmitting the AC power of
An in-vehicle power supply device comprising:
A roadside coil antenna that is installed on the side of the roadway to transmit or receive power in a contactless manner using a magnetic resonance phenomenon;
Roadside communication means for performing information communication with the in-vehicle power supply device;
A roadside that adjusts the resonance frequency of the roadside coil antenna in accordance with the resonance frequency for establishing magnetic resonance with the vehicle side coil antenna included in the vehicle-mounted power supply device based on information communication regarding the magnetic resonance condition by the roadside communication means A frequency adjusting means;
Roadside power transmission / reception control means for transmitting AC power of the resonance frequency to and from the in-vehicle power supply device, using the roadside coil antenna whose resonance frequency is adjusted by the roadside frequency adjusting means,
A roadside power supply device comprising:
A road-to-vehicle power transmission system comprising: