JP2012148754A - Method for adjusting rearview mirror for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rearview mirror for a vehicle, free of trouble in adjustment for a safety visual field, wherein, in conventional safety visual field adjustment, an adjustment screw is bar-like and having ends and needs 2-operation changeover switch to be turned in forward and reverse directions, four operation for one mirror, totalling to eight operation for right and left ones, making the adjustment extremely troublesome.SOLUTION: A screw up/down detector is configured to make a shift and tilt operation endless by pressing a button switch and to stop the same operation by releasing the button switch. Thus, the reversible view field adjustment and correct positioning can be performed with only one operation, eliminating the need for four buttons and also right and left changeover switches including the right and left mirrors. The switch is of a simple button type in structure with only ON-OFF operation, and is of an ultrathin type and requiring only an extremely small space for installation site, and mirror adjustment is simplified for drive of a shared vehicle, reducing labor. There is no possibility of skipping of screws due to elastic claws, providing silent operation and no shocks, with resultant improvement in endurance. Furthermore, economical molding material can be used and productivity can be improved and the like.

Description

  According to the present invention, in order to adjust the rear field of view with the vehicle rearview mirror, the mirror is tilted by “pushing” one button switch in each of the two horizontal and vertical directions, and the back is stopped at the appropriate field of view by “release”. The present invention relates to a mirror adjustment method.

Conventionally, the field of view of a vehicle rearview mirror is adjusted by four button switches (hereinafter referred to as “buttons”) in both the normal and reverse directions for each mirror in the horizontal and vertical directions. A good visual field position was determined by tilting with eight button operations.
This tilt is pivotally attached to the center of the mirror back, pivoted in two directions, horizontal and vertical, and driven by the vertical movement of the rod, but has upper and lower ends to use the thrust of the screw. The drive motor had to be switched between forward and reverse rotation, and operated by switching the finger press.
The female screw corresponding to the nut to which the screw is screwed is stuck at the upper and lower ends due to the tilting of the mirror and becomes stuck, so that it is prevented from being removed by overloading.

Indication of invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

This unscrewing is mistaken as a failure with a large impact sound and vibration in order to resist strong thrust, but if you get used to it, you will be notified of the upper and lower ends of the tilt, and the button was pushed and reversed as a reverse operation signal. This operation is performed 8 times as described above, so there are many buttons, so which button is mistakenly cheap and has a large installation area.
However, the 9 operations of the actual operation 8 and the switching operation 1 cannot be improved, and the common vehicle for each family / office has to be operated every time it is driven, which is a very troublesome problem.

Therefore, there is a desire to simplify the number of operations as much as possible. In addition, if it is a complicated operation as it is now, there are problems such as switching mistakes, and there is a problem that the setting position of the mirror that has been adjusted is changed.
Thus, 1) eliminates impact noise, improves quiet operation and wear resistance, 2) simplifies operation and prevents mistakes by using two horizontal and vertical two forward / reverse buttons. The purpose is to reduce the operation labor associated with the shift and improve convenience.

Means for solving the problem

をさせるようにし、一ボタンで動作・停止を可能にしたIn the present invention, the conventional reversible two-button operation of the drive motor is one, but this condition is that the mirror is tilted up and down and automatically reversed. In other words, one button is operated by “pressing” and instantaneously stopped by “releasing”. For this purpose, the bottom of the mirror's Aori

Enabled / disabled with one button

  The above is a method to implement the projecting rod with the thrust of the screw, but if the projecting rod is moved up and down with a continuous rotating cam or crank, it will be endless itself, so it can be stopped and stopped with a single button, and the motor reverses when stopped It is possible to instantaneously stop the voltage by connecting the voltage between the terminals.

The invention's effect

Since the number is small, there is no changeover switch and there is an effect that an operation difference does not occur.
As described above, the adjustment method of the rear-view mirror of the present invention makes the tilting movement in both the horizontal and vertical directions endless, so driving and braking are stopped by the action of “push” and “release” with one button, and the number of adjustments is also It can be halved and saves time.
Conventionally, the number of button operations was eight with two mirrors on the left and right, and a switch was attached to make it four buttons, but the number of operations could not be improved.

The present invention only requires four horizontal and vertical two left and right, and the button structure is simple ON-OFF, so it is thin and small, and does not take a place for installation.
In addition, the endless screw does not skip the elastic claw at the upper and lower ends of the tilt screw, so there is no impact sound or vibration, smooth and quiet operation can be obtained, damage prevention can be improved, durability can be improved, and other than elastic molding materials The economic effect on use and manufacturing is extremely large.
This section mainly describes side mirrors, but it applies to the entire rearview mirror such as fender mirrors and room mirrors.

Hereinafter, the form of the adjustment method of the rear mirror for a vehicle of the present invention using the tilt screw will be described with reference to the basic form in FIGS. 1 to 3, the entire batch adjustment in FIGS. 4 and 5, and the adjustment of the mechanism having the endless function in FIG.
First, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a printed circuit board on which a control pattern is baked. A reversing terminal 4 is provided at an appropriate interval on a locus 3 of an elastic sliding contact 2, and a common contact 5 integrated with the contact 2. It consists of a ring 6 that slides.

  7 is a logic circuit having an output terminal for connecting the inverting terminal 4 and alternately transmitting positive and negative, 8 is a relay for connecting three buttons to output output signals of positive, negative, positive and positive, and 9 is a relay 8 A motor driver 11 that switches three operations of forward rotation, reverse rotation, and brake stop to the drive motor 10 that performs the tilt operation of the mirror A by output is linked to the drive motor 10 by a contact shaft.

Reference numeral 12 in FIG. 2 denotes tilt detection, which is appropriately interlocked with the tilt up / down folding position of the mirror A, and has the same function as the inverting terminal 4.
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 13 denotes a counter which generates a signal every rotation by a cam 15 coaxial with the tilt screw 14, and 16 is a counter IC.
Next, reference numeral 17 in FIG. 4 is a plurality of stop terminals arranged between the inverting terminals 4 and 4 in FIG. 1. Since the counter IC 16 in FIG. 3 originally has the intermediate output terminal 18, this is used as a stop terminal. Is connected to the repeater 8.

  FIG. 6 shows a case where the projecting rod is driven by a rotating mechanism such as a cam or a crank. Since there is no upper and lower ends like the tilt screw 14, the drive motor 10 may be switched on and off. A configuration is adopted in which positive / positive polarity of the same polarity is applied to the input terminal of the driver 9 or the motor terminal is cut off, and both are short-circuited.

The above is an adjustment mode of the rearview mirror that tilts the mirror A by “pressing” one button, and stops the brake by “releasing”, but examples of actual connection with the driving mechanism are shown in FIGS.
Reference numeral 20 denotes a drive gear in which the tilt screw 14 is fixed concentrically. In the figure, the drive gear is engaged with a worm 21 attached to the shaft of the drive motor 10, and 22 is a long nut screwed to the tilt screw 14, which is screwed in an overload as in the prior art. There is no need to form elastic nails because they do not skip mountains.

A protrusion E is attached to the top of the long nut 22, and the vertical stroke is operated by the thrust of the long nut 22, which is provided with a rotation stop of the outer periphery four corners by the rotation of the tilt screw 14. The rotation speed is a value obtained by dividing the stroke by the pitch of the tilt screw 14.
The sliding contact 2 interlocked with this obtains an arbitrary rotation angle by the end gear 23, but both gears 20, 23 are linked by a reduction gear relay gear 24 in which the rotation speed and the latter rotation angle are matched.
From the tilt screw 14 to the sliding contact 2 is the horizontal tilt mechanism of the mirror A, but from the tilt screw 14 'to the sliding contact 2' is the vertical tilt, and the drive motor 10 'is drawn side by side, but the gear configuration Is installed horizontally and on the object, and 25 is a box containing these mechanisms.

FIG. 9 is a horizontal sectional view of a mechanism for obtaining a direct inversion signal by operating the tilt detection 12 on the mirror A via the holding frame B without using a control pattern. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the relationship between the counter 26 that counts the rotation of the tilt screw 14 and the cam 15. FIG. 11 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a mechanism in which the lever 27 is moved up and down by the cam 27 and the protruding rod E at the tip is interlocked.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a mechanism for raising and lowering the protruding rod E with a lever 30 driven by a crank gear 29 with a crank pin.

The operation of the above configuration will be described below.
When the button attached to the repeater 8 is pressed, the logic circuit 7 having two outputs is activated, and this output is applied to the motor driver 9 via the repeater 8 in either positive or negative or negative and positive directions. Rotate forward. With this rotation, the tilt screw 14 is rotated by the drive gear 20 that rotates by meshing with the worm 21. Therefore, the long nut 22 with a detent that is screwed up pushes up the back of the mirror A with the pivot D as a fulcrum by a push-up action, and issues a tilt upper limit signal.

  This signal inverts the output polarity at the inversion terminal 4 or the mirror A interlocking switch 12 or the start output terminal of the counter IC 16 and the lower limit measurement, and the drive motor is reversible. That is, the screw having the upper and lower ends is made endless. Therefore, while pressing the button, the mirror A performs a continuous tilting action.

In this process, a good field of view position can be seen, so it will stop when the button is released.
At this time, the drive motor is inertially rotated by the inertia to overrun the desired position, but can be accurately positioned if it is suddenly stopped.
That is, the motor driver has two input terminals, and when the positive electrode is applied simultaneously, the brake is stopped.

  The cam crank rotates endlessly and the piston moves endlessly.Therefore, the motor does not need to be reversed, and a simple power switch may be used.The brake stops if the drive motor terminal is cut off and shorted only when stopped. Therefore, it is possible to correctly match the position of good visibility.

Basic adjustment configuration diagram of inverting terminal Basic adjustment configuration diagram for tilt detection Rotation measurement type basic adjustment configuration diagram All batch adjustment configuration diagram of inverting terminal Rotation measurement type all batch adjustment configuration diagram Mechanism endless adjustment configuration diagram Plan view of reversing terminal drive mechanism AA sectional view of the drive mechanism of the reversing terminal Cross section of tilt detection mechanism Plan view of rotation measurement mechanism Cross section of cam drive mechanism Cross section of crank drive mechanism

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Print substrate 2 Sliding contact 4 Inverting terminal 7 Logic circuit 8 Relay device 9 Motor driver 12 Alignment detection 13 Counter 14 * 14 'Rotation screw 16 Counter IC
17 Stop terminal 18 Intermediate output terminal 19 Selection switch 22 Long nut A Mirror C Control pattern E

According to the present invention, in order to adjust the rear field of view with the vehicle rearview mirror, the mirror is tilted by “pushing” one button switch in each of the two horizontal and vertical directions, and the back is stopped at the appropriate field of view by “release”. The present invention relates to a mirror adjustment method.

Conventionally, the field of view of a vehicle rearview mirror is adjusted by four button switches (hereinafter referred to as “buttons”) in both the normal and reverse directions for each mirror in the horizontal and vertical directions. A good visual field position was determined by tilting with eight button operations.
This tilt is pivotally attached to the center of the mirror back, pivoted in two directions, horizontal and vertical, and driven by the vertical movement of the rod, but has upper and lower ends to use the thrust of the screw. The drive motor had to be switched between forward and reverse rotation, and operated by switching the finger press.
The female screw corresponding to the nut to which the screw is screwed is stuck at the upper and lower ends due to the tilting of the mirror and becomes stuck, so that it is prevented from being removed by overloading.

Patent Publication Sho Sho Sho Sho 25-2531 JP 2001-291456 A Patent Publication No. 2762547

The rearview mirror described above has two buttons for the screws while observing and viewing the mirror image.
, But each time the line moves frequently between the mirror and the button
there were.
This is the cause of many misoperations and misunderstandings, and there is no need to push the lever by turning the lever.
Ingenuity has also been proposed, and even if the line of sight is improved, the knob knob can be turned up and down and left and right to
H is mechanically complicated, the pinch action is forceful, and there remains a problem that requires consideration of strength.
In addition, the endless mechanism with cross-molded right-handed and left-handed leads with the tilt mechanism as one axis
There is also a proposal, which is operated by rotation on one side, so the button operation is simplified, but the lead slide pin circle
For smooth movement, the pitch is large and the play is large.
There is a problem that is not suitable for practical use because it is suitable and is not useful for confirming the safety of firewood due to image distortion due to running vibration,
Simple operation with a screw-driven tilt has been a challenge for many years.

In addition, the removal of the screw due to the above excessive load uses the elastic material, and when it can not support the strong fixing action, it resists the thrust of the screw, so it is mistaken as a failure with a large impact sound and vibration,
If you get used to it, you will be notified of the upper and lower ends of the tilt, and you can also make a reverse operation signal , but it is preferable for durability
There are no challenges.
As shown above, the buttons are flipped and reversed, and the number of operations is 8 times, so there is a large number of buttons .
There is a problem that requires a changeover switch and is not one of the causes of erroneous operations .
In addition , 9 operations of actual operation 8 and switching operation 1 cannot be improved.
These nine operations had to be carried out every time it was driven, which was a very troublesome task.

Therefore, there is a desire to simplify the number of operations as much as possible. In addition, if it is a complicated operation as it is now, there are problems such as switching mistakes, and there is a problem that the setting position of the mirror that has been adjusted is changed.
Thus, 1) eliminates impact noise, improves quiet operation and wear resistance, 2) simplifies operation and prevents mistakes by using two horizontal and vertical two forward / reverse buttons. The purpose is to reduce the operation labor associated with the shift and improve convenience.

In the present invention, the conventional reversible two-button operation of the drive motor is one, but this condition is that the mirror is tilted up and down and automatically reversed. In other words, one button is “repressed” to perform a reversible operation , and “release” is to instantaneously stop. For this purpose, the detection signal is issued at the upper and lower positions of the mirror tilt, or the rotation speed of the tilt screw is obtained to obtain the inverted signal, and the logic circuit that performs the polarity conversion function is moved and output. Reversible the electrode of the terminal,
The motor driver is driven via a relay that converts the reversible polarity to the same polarity by releasing the button.
By doing this, the motor has three functions: swaging, reversing, and momentary stop, and the button is pressed properly.
The field of view can be intensively observed.
The inertia overrun has been improved by eliminating the inertia rotation specific to the motor.

In this respect, the mechanical rearview mirror motor with tilt function is reversible with the mechanism itself endless.
There is no need for action, and simple functions such as energization are fine.
It is not possible to secure a clear image that can withstand driving vibration, and it is difficult to achieve safe driving.
Yes. Also, if the overrun is left unattended due to inertial rotation, it is accompanied by fine adjustment of the reverse.
There has been no change in technology, and no technical contribution has been felt.

The above is a method of implementing the projecting rod with the thrust of the screw, but if the projecting rod is moved up and down with a continuously rotating cam or crank, it is endless by the restraint by the spring, so a clear image can be secured and fine adjustment can be made.
In addition , it can be stopped and stopped with a single button, and the motor's back electromotive force voltage can be connected between the terminals at the time of stop to stop it instantaneously.

Because there are few operations, there is no changeover switch, and it is free from mistaken operation, misunderstanding, and redoing.
There is an effect that it is possible to process an adjustment work that takes time and effort to finish the work in a few dozen seconds .
As described above, the present invention rearview mirror adjustment method, since the buttons have a function of the horizontal and vertical directions of the tilt operation endlessly, "release" and "push" one button positive in action
None of the 3 action of rolling, reverse-moment stop, no place of press is half the conventional also adjust the number, the trouble there is no eyes moved there is an effect that saves a great deal.
Being able to stop instantaneously at the appropriate field of view works without the need for reverse repair adjustment due to overrun.
It has the effect of significantly improving efficiency .
The above has a considerable adjustment shortening effect even with conventional video surveillance adjustment, but the adjustment circuit has a height
If a selection switch is attached, it will be freed from video surveillance and adjustment, and will operate on its own by the signal of the selection switch.
Therefore, all the rearview mirrors can be controlled simultaneously and the rearview mirror can be adjusted as before.
The ultimate concept that contributes to labor reduction and safe driving by eliminating the existing concept of visual observation.
The effect of.

As described above, the present invention has a single configuration, and automatic image viewing adjustment and height selection setting.
It can be used in two ways of adjustment, and the former video viewing adjustment can be done here without the need to press a button.
With the latter, the finger can be released instantly and the desired position can be accurately determined.
Since no operation is necessary, all rearview mirrors can be adjusted at once.
Since it works, the circuit configuration is simple, it can be made thin and thin, it does not take up installation space, and the fixing method is affixed.
Unprecedented methods, including wearing, can be freely selected, and design and layout ideas around narrow driver seats
Can be easily implemented within the scope of conventional production technology, and offsets complicated switch mechanisms
The effect that can be offered at a price that is comparable or rather cheap is extremely promising.

Basic adjustment configuration diagram of inverting terminal Basic adjustment configuration diagram for tilt detection Rotation measurement type basic adjustment configuration diagram All batch adjustment configuration diagram of inverting terminal Rotation measurement type all batch adjustment configuration diagram Mechanism endless adjustment configuration diagram Plan view of reversing terminal drive mechanism AA sectional view of the drive mechanism of the reversing terminal Cross section of tilt detection mechanism Plan view of rotation measurement mechanism Cross section of cam drive mechanism Cross section of crank drive mechanism

Hereinafter, the form of the adjustment method of the rear-view mirror for the vehicle of the present invention by the tilt screw is shown in FIGS.
4 and 5 will be described, and adjustment of a mechanism having an endless function will be described with reference to FIG.
First, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a printed circuit board on which a control pattern is baked. A reversing terminal 4 is provided at an appropriate interval on a locus 3 of an elastic sliding contact 2, and a common contact 5 integrated with the contact 2. It consists of a ring 6 that slides.

7 is a logic circuit having an output terminal for connecting the inverting terminal 4 and alternately transmitting positive and negative, 8 is a relay for connecting three buttons to output output signals of positive, negative, positive and positive, and 9 is a relay 8 Mirror A at output
The motor driver 11 that switches the three operations of forward rotation, reverse rotation, and instantaneous stop to the drive motor 10 that performs the tilting operation of this is linked to the drive motor 10 by a contact shaft.

Reference numeral 12 in FIG. 2 denotes tilt detection, which is appropriately interlocked with the tilt up / down folding position of the mirror A, and has the same function as the inverting terminal 4.
3 in FIG. 3 is a counter 16 for generating a signal every rotation by a cam 15 coaxial with the tilt screw 14.
Is a counter IC.
Next, reference numeral 17 in FIG. 4 is a plurality of stop terminals arranged between the inverting terminals 4 and 4 in FIG. 1. Since the counter IC 16 in FIG. 3 originally has the intermediate output terminal 18, this is used as a stop terminal. Is connected to the repeater 8.

FIG. 6 shows a case where the projecting rod is driven by a rotating mechanism such as a cam or a crank. Since there are no upper and lower ends like the tilt screw 14, the drive motor 10 can be switched on and off. A configuration is adopted in which positive / positive polarity of the same polarity is applied to the input terminal of the driver 9 or the motor terminal is cut off, and both are short-circuited.

The above is an adjustment mode of the rearview mirror that tilts the mirror A by “pressing” one button, and stops the brake by “releasing”, but examples of actual connection with the driving mechanism are shown in FIGS.
Reference numeral 20 denotes a drive gear in which the tilt screw 14 is fixed concentrically. In the figure, the drive gear is engaged with a worm 21 attached to the shaft of the drive motor 10, and 22 is a female screw that is screwed to the tilt screw 14. it is not necessary to form the elastic claw because not mountain outside Shiosa.

A protruding rod E is attached to the top of the female screw 22, and the vertical stroke is operated by the thrust of the female screw 22 with the rotation of the tilt screw 14, and the rotation of the tilt screw 14, but the tilt screw 14 is rotated by the drive gear 20. The rotation speed is a value obtained by dividing the stroke by the pitch of the tilt screw 14.
The sliding contact 2 linked to this obtains an arbitrary rotation angle by the end gear 23, but both the gears 20 and 2
No. 3 is linked by a relay gear 24 having a reduction ratio in which the rotation speed and the latter rotation angle are matched.
From the tilt screw 14 to the sliding contact 2 is the horizontal tilt mechanism of the mirror A, but from the tilt screw 14 'to the sliding contact 2' is the vertical tilt, and the drive motor 10 'is drawn side by side, but the gear configuration Is installed horizontally and on the object, and 25 is a box containing these mechanisms.

FIG. 9 shows that the tilt detection 12 is operated to the mirror A via the holding frame B without using the control pattern.
Therefore, a horizontal sectional view of a mechanism for directly obtaining an inverted signal. Fig. 10 shows the rotation of the tilt screw 14 , 14 '
It is a top view which shows the relationship between the counter 13 which counts, and cam 15.15 '.
The above is the adjustment of button release and height support by observing the image of the rearview mirror using the tilt screw
The adjustment method that made video observation useless with the Aori selection switch was described.
Things that do not require reversible adjustment with dresses, and even conventional rearview mirrors cannot stop at the stop position
However, those that require improvement can be improved using the repeater 8 and the motor driver 9 of FIG.
In the example shown in FIG. 11, the lever pin 27 is moved up and down by the olicam 26 , and the tip E
There are mechanisms is interlocked, and FIG. 12 is such a mechanism for lowering the lever 29 with projecting rods E driven by the crank gear 28 with the crank pin and the like.

The operation of the above configuration will be described below.
When a button attached to the repeater 8 is pressed, a logic circuit 7 having two outputs is activated, and this output is applied to the motor driver 9 via the repeater 8 in either positive or negative or negative and positive directions.
Rotates forward. The rotation in the tilt screw 14, 14 'are worm 21, 21' is rotated by the driving gear 20, 20 to rotate in mesh with the '. Therefore, a female screw 2 with a detent that is screwed together
2 pushes up the back of the mirror A with the pivot D as a fulcrum by a push-up action, and issues a tilt upper limit signal.

This signal is the initial value of the inverting terminal 4, the mirror A interlocking switch 12, or the counter IC 16.
The output polarity is reversed at the dynamic output terminal and the count output terminal , and the drive motor is reversible. This is the action of making the screws with upper and lower ends endless.
It works with endless .

In this process, a good field of view position can be visually recognized, so when the button is released, it stops instantaneously .
In this case the drive motor INA - inertially rotated Shah and although sudden stop of overrun desired position
Can be positioned accurately.
In other words, the motor driver has two input terminals. When the same polarity is applied simultaneously, the motor stops.
A counter electromotive voltage is generated due to inertia of the time, and the momentary stop is achieved by canceling the reverse action .

The cam crank rotates endlessly, and the motor does not need to be reversed. A simple power switch is sufficient, and the drive motor terminal is shut off and shorted only when stopped. Therefore, it is possible to correctly match the position of good visibility.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Print substrate 2 Sliding contact 4 Inversion terminal 7 Logic circuit 8 Relay device 9 Motor driver 12 Tilt detection 13 Counter 14 * 14 'Tilt screw 16 Counter IC
17 Stop terminal 18 Intermediate output terminal 19 Selection switch A Mirror C Control pattern E

Claims (6)

  A vehicle rear-view mirror adjustment method that stops the tilting operation by moving the mirror endlessly while pressing the button, visually recognizing the change in the image, and releasing the button at an effective field of view for safety confirmation.   2. The vehicle rearview mirror adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a pair of reversing terminals are provided so that the sliding contact is reciprocated therebetween, and the span is interlocked so as to coincide with the maximum displacement of the mirror tilt.     A rearview mirror adjustment mechanism for a vehicle rear-view mirror that is configured so that a microswitch or other transmitter is installed at the upper and lower tilting points at any position in the horizontal and vertical directions of the rearview mirror and the endless tilting is performed with the signal from this instrument.   A vehicle rearview mirror that is configured to connect a signal generated at the mirror tilt inversion position to an input terminal of a logic circuit or an equivalent, alternately invert the two output terminals, and automatically switch the polarity of the motor drive terminal between forward and reverse. Adjustment mechanism.   The inversion terminal section of the mirror tilt is divided into a plurality of parts, and each is connected to the repeater via the selector switch at the tilt position. Vehicle that allows one-touch selection without operating the tilt stop position that matches the driving posture obtained by this, or stores the divided terminal data to the left and right mirrors and the room mirror, and controls the visibility adjustment of all the mirrors with one touch For adjusting rearview mirrors.   A method of adjusting a vehicle rearview mirror with a circuit configuration in which when a button is released by an endless tilt operation such as a cam or crank, the motor terminal is shut off and both are short-circuited, and a counter electromotive voltage is applied or the polarity is reversed.

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