JP2012140251A - Fowl dropping ash granular fertilizer and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Fowl dropping ash granular fertilizer and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012140251A JP2012140251A JP2010291800A JP2010291800A JP2012140251A JP 2012140251 A JP2012140251 A JP 2012140251A JP 2010291800 A JP2010291800 A JP 2010291800A JP 2010291800 A JP2010291800 A JP 2010291800A JP 2012140251 A JP2012140251 A JP 2012140251A
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- chicken manure
- ash
- hydrochloric acid
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 60
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 potassium carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C2C(N)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC2=C1 QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- QPAIPWLTNHFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[B].[Mn] Chemical compound [P].[B].[Mn] QPAIPWLTNHFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、肥料分野において要求される水中での崩壊性を有し、鶏糞灰を原料とする粒状肥料およびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer having disintegration in water required in the fertilizer field and using chicken manure ash as a raw material and a method for producing the same.
肥料分野では、燐鉱石、カリ鉱石など輸入原料の入手が困難になりつつあることから、国内未利用資源を有効活用する試みが盛んになっている。家畜の排泄物である牛糞、豚糞、鶏糞等は畜産廃棄物であるが、従来から堆肥など様々な形で肥料として利用する検討が続けられてきた。中でも鶏糞をストーカー炉や流動炉などで焼却した鶏糞灰はリン酸とカリウムの含有率が高いことから、肥料あるいは肥料原料として積極的に利用されようとしている。 In the fertilizer field, since it is becoming difficult to obtain imported raw materials such as phosphate ore and potash ore, attempts to make effective use of domestic unused resources have become active. Cattle dung, swine dung, chicken dung, etc., which are livestock excreta, are livestock wastes, but studies have been continued to use them in various forms such as compost. Among them, chicken manure ash, which is incinerated in a stalker furnace or fluidized furnace, has a high content of phosphoric acid and potassium, and is therefore actively used as a fertilizer or fertilizer raw material.
鶏糞灰は炭酸カリウム等の塩基性塩を含み、その水スラリーのｐＨは１１を超えるため、そのままの状態で田や畑に散布すると風などで広範囲に飛散し、環境面で悪影響を及ぼす場合がある。また、他の粒状肥料と混合使用するため、粒状化の要求が大きかった。しかし、鶏糞灰にそのまま水を加えて造粒し粒状化しても、肥料として散布した後、雨や雪や土壌中の水分によって粒が崩壊することがなく、土壌との十分な混和は期待できず、肥料効果が十分に発現されなかった。 Chicken manure ash contains basic salts such as potassium carbonate, and its water slurry has a pH of more than 11. Therefore, if it is sprayed on rice fields or fields as it is, it will be scattered widely by the wind and may have an adverse environmental impact. is there. In addition, since it is used in combination with other granular fertilizers, there is a great demand for granulation. However, even if granulated and granulated by adding water as it is to chicken manure ash, after spraying as fertilizer, the particles will not collapse due to rain, snow or moisture in the soil, and sufficient mixing with soil can be expected. Therefore, the fertilizer effect was not fully expressed.
従来技術において、鶏糞灰の肥料効果を高める観点から、硫酸やリン酸の添加が検討されている。例えば、リン酸との反応では、取扱上安全で、なおかつ土壌微生物の活性を促し、堆肥的効果を発現させる方法（例えば、特許文献１参照）、また、硫酸の添加では、リン酸の溶解性を増大させる方法（例えば、特許文献２参照）が開示されている。しかし、これらの方法は、粒状化した鶏糞灰に水中での崩壊性を付与するものではなかった。 In the prior art, addition of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid has been studied from the viewpoint of enhancing the fertilizer effect of chicken manure ash. For example, in the reaction with phosphoric acid, the method is safe in handling and promotes the activity of soil microorganisms to develop a composting effect (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 2). However, these methods did not impart the disintegration property in water to the granulated chicken dung ash.
従来技術では、酸処理による肥料成分の水溶性比率を増すことで、肥料としての速効性を向上させることに重点が置かれている。しかし、鶏糞灰に多く含まれているク熔性肥料成分は、流亡することもなく、利用価値が高いものにもかかわらず、十分利用されていないのが現状である。粒状化した鶏糞灰が土中で崩壊し、表面積が大きくなると作物の根酸に触れる頻度も増し、根酸による溶解が進み、肥料として吸収されやすくなる。 In the prior art, an emphasis is placed on improving the rapid effect as a fertilizer by increasing the water-soluble ratio of the fertilizer component by acid treatment. However, smeltable fertilizer components that are abundantly contained in chicken manure ash do not run away and are not fully utilized despite their high utility value. When granulated chicken manure ash collapses in the soil and the surface area becomes large, the frequency of contact with the root acid of crops increases, so that dissolution with root acid proceeds and it is easily absorbed as fertilizer.
本発明は、従来技術では困難であった水中で崩壊する鶏糞灰の粒状化を効率よく達成することを目的とするものである。 An object of the present invention is to efficiently achieve granulation of chicken manure ash that disintegrates in water, which was difficult with the prior art.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討を行い研究を積み重ねた結果、鶏糞灰に塩酸を添加して中和することで、水中で崩壊する鶏糞灰粒状肥料が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies and studies accumulated in order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that chicken manure ash granular fertilizer that disintegrates in water can be obtained by adding hydrochloric acid to chicken manure ash and neutralizing it. The present invention has been completed.
即ち本発明は、水中での崩壊性が６０％以上（後述の“水中崩壊性”評価より）である鶏糞灰粒状肥料、その鶏糞灰粒状肥料と、りん酸質肥料、加里質肥料、石灰質肥料、けい酸質肥料、および苦土肥料から選ばれる１種以上の肥料とからなる複合粒状肥料、また、鶏糞灰に塩酸を添加し、中和処理することを特徴とする鶏糞灰粒状肥料の製造方法に関するものである。 That is, the present invention is a chicken manure ash granular fertilizer having a disintegration property in water of 60% or more (from the “underwater disintegration” evaluation described later), the chicken manure ash granular fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a calcareous fertilizer, and a calcareous fertilizer. , A granular granular fertilizer composed of one or more fertilizers selected from siliceous fertilizers and bitter soil fertilizers, and a chicken dung ash granular fertilizer characterized by adding hydrochloric acid to chicken dung ash and neutralizing it It is about the method.
以下、詳細に説明する。 Details will be described below.
本発明で使用する鶏糞灰は、養鶏業などから排出される鶏の糞を焼却処分して得られる灰であり、その種類は産卵鶏、ブロイラー等のいずれからのものであっても使用することができる。 The chicken manure ash used in the present invention is an ash obtained by incineration of chicken manure discharged from the poultry industry, etc., and the type should be used regardless of whether it is from a laying hen, broiler, etc. Can do.
本発明において、この鶏糞灰の中和には塩酸を使用する。塩酸を用いることによって初めて水中での崩壊を可能にすることができたものである。硫酸やリン酸では本発明の目的である鶏糞灰の崩壊性は達成されない。ただし、肥料成分を高める目的で塩酸にリン酸を混合したり、塩酸での処理後にその他の酸で処理することは問題なく行うことができる。ここで使用する塩酸は水溶性であって、ＨＣｌを含有するものであればどの様なものでもよく、鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに対し、３６重量％塩酸であれば３００〜８００ｇの添加が好ましい。 In the present invention, hydrochloric acid is used to neutralize the chicken manure ash. It was possible to disintegrate in water for the first time by using hydrochloric acid. Sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid does not achieve the disintegration property of chicken manure ash, which is the object of the present invention. However, for the purpose of increasing the fertilizer component, mixing with phosphoric acid in hydrochloric acid or treating with other acids after treatment with hydrochloric acid can be performed without problems. The hydrochloric acid used here is water-soluble and may be anything as long as it contains HCl. It is preferable to add 300 to 800 g of hydrochloric acid if it is 36 wt% hydrochloric acid with respect to 1,000 g of chicken manure ash.
使用する塩酸水溶液の塩酸濃度は、鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに対し、３〜１０モル相当の塩酸を含有しているものであれば、いずれの濃度であっても使用可能であるが、後の乾燥工程の負荷を軽減するためには、１８〜３６重量％の塩酸水溶液を用いることが好ましい。 The hydrochloric acid concentration of the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution used can be any concentration as long as it contains 3 to 10 moles of hydrochloric acid with respect to 1,000 g of chicken manure ash. In order to reduce the load of the process, it is preferable to use an 18 to 36% by weight hydrochloric acid aqueous solution.
鶏糞灰に塩酸を添加して、鶏糞灰と塩酸を反応させる際に、混合器で撹拌することも可能であり、またベルトコンベアによって搬送される鶏糞灰に上から塩酸を噴霧して均一に添加することも可能である。塩酸以外の酸を添加する必要のある場合は、塩酸処理後に添加する方が水中でのより大きな崩壊性を与えるためには効果的である。 When adding hydrochloric acid to chicken manure ash and reacting chicken manure ash and hydrochloric acid, it is also possible to stir with a mixer. Also, add hydrochloric acid to the chicken manure ash transported by a belt conveyor by adding it uniformly. It is also possible to do. When it is necessary to add an acid other than hydrochloric acid, the addition after the treatment with hydrochloric acid is more effective to give greater disintegration in water.
添加後に、鶏糞灰の塩酸処理物の熟成を行う。熟成している間、当該処理物のｐＨは徐々に上昇する。そして、このｐＨ上昇の停止を確認して熟成終了とする。この熟成終了までの時間は、鶏糞灰と塩酸の量により変動するが、中和反応を完全に終了させるためには、７日以上熟成することが好ましい。 After the addition, the hydrochloric acid-treated product of chicken dung ash is aged. During aging, the pH of the treated product gradually increases. Then, the ripening is terminated after confirming the stop of the pH increase. The time until completion of aging varies depending on the amount of chicken manure ash and hydrochloric acid, but in order to complete the neutralization reaction, aging is preferably performed for 7 days or more.
熟成が終了した鶏糞灰の塩酸処理物は、通常乾燥後ボールミルなどで粉砕し、そして転動法や押し出し法などで造粒する。この時、鶏糞灰の塩酸処理物は単一でも造粒できるが、他の肥料成分（熔成りん肥、熔成けい酸りん肥、熔成ほう素マンガンりん肥などのりん酸質肥料、鉱さいけい酸肥料などのけい酸質肥料、塩化カリウムなどの加里質肥料、消石灰などの石灰質肥料、水酸化苦土肥料などの苦土肥料）と必要な比率で混合した後、造粒することも可能である。また、造粒の際にバインダー材として、加工デンプンやリグニン等を加えることもできる。この造粒物の粒径は、特に制限はないが１〜４ｍｍ、特に２〜４ｍｍが好ましい。このようにしてできた粒状肥料は、水中での崩壊性を有すると同時に、硬度が１ｋｇ／粒以上であることが好ましい。そのためには、鶏糞灰に混合する他の肥料の特性に合わせて鶏糞灰への塩酸添加量を調整し、造粒前混合物のｐＨを１０．５未満に制御しておくことが好ましい。 The hydrochloric acid-treated product of chicken manure ash after ripening is usually dried and then pulverized with a ball mill or the like, and granulated by a rolling method or an extrusion method. At this time, it is possible to granulate chicken dung ash treated with hydrochloric acid alone, but other fertilizer components (phosphorus fertilizers such as molten fertilizer, molten phosphorous silicate fertilizer, molten boron manganese phosphate fertilizer, mineral fertilizer) It can be granulated after mixing with silicic acid fertilizers such as silicic acid fertilizer, calcareous fertilizers such as potassium chloride, calcareous fertilizers such as slaked lime, and bitter fertilizers such as hydroxylated bitter fertilizers, in the required ratio. It is. Moreover, modified starch, lignin, etc. can also be added as a binder material in the case of granulation. The particle size of the granulated product is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 4 mm, particularly 2 to 4 mm. The granular fertilizer thus produced preferably has a disintegration property in water and a hardness of 1 kg / grain or more. For that purpose, it is preferable to adjust the amount of hydrochloric acid added to the chicken manure ash according to the characteristics of other fertilizers mixed with the chicken manure ash, and to control the pH of the mixture before granulation to less than 10.5.
鶏糞灰の水中での崩壊性は６０％以上が好ましく、さらに８０％以上であると肥料としての利用価値がより高まるためより好ましい。本発明によれば、この様な高い崩壊性を有する鶏糞灰肥料を効率的に供給できる。 The disintegration property of chicken dung ash in water is preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 80% or more because the utility value as a fertilizer is further increased. According to the present invention, chicken manure ash fertilizer having such a high disintegrability can be supplied efficiently.
本発明によれば、そのまま散布すれば高ｐＨにより環境に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があり、造粒しても水中で崩壊することが期待できなかった鶏糞灰を崩壊可能なものとすることができる。その方法としては、塩酸で中和した鶏糞灰を造粒して散布することであり、粒状物は自然界から供給される水分で崩壊するため、田や畑の土壌との混和が良好なものとなり、肥料としての効果が一層発現される。 According to the present invention, if sprayed as it is, it may have an adverse effect on the environment due to high pH, and chicken dung ash that could not be expected to collapse in water even after granulation can be made disintegratable. . The method is to granulate and spray chicken dung ash neutralized with hydrochloric acid. Since the granular material is disintegrated by moisture supplied from the natural world, it can be mixed well with rice and field soil. The effect as a fertilizer is further expressed.
粒状肥料の評価は、以下の方法に従って行った。 The granular fertilizer was evaluated according to the following method.
ｐＨ測定：ビーカーに計量した試料１０ｇに対しイオン交換水１００ｇを加え、撹拌した後、上澄液のｐＨをガラス電極を使用して測定した。 pH measurement: 100 g of ion-exchanged water was added to 10 g of a sample weighed in a beaker and stirred, and then the pH of the supernatant was measured using a glass electrode.
水中崩壊性：粒状肥料を目開き２ｍｍの網篩で篩分け、篩上に残ったものを試料とした。試料５０粒を篩上に並べて、適当な大きさの容器中に置き、試料が十分水に浸るまで静かに水を注いだ。一夜静置後、篩を静かに取り出し、篩上に残存する未崩壊粒を数え、その割合を崩壊割合（％）として求めた。 Disintegration in water: granular fertilizer was sieved with a 2 mm mesh screen and the sample remaining on the screen was used as a sample. 50 samples were arranged on a sieve and placed in a container of an appropriate size, and water was poured gently until the sample was sufficiently immersed in water. After standing overnight, the sieve was gently taken out, the number of undisintegrated grains remaining on the sieve was counted, and the ratio was determined as the collapse ratio (%).
硬度：木屋式硬度計を使用して粒状肥料に荷重をかけ、粒が圧壊したときの荷重を硬度とした。 Hardness: A load was applied to the granular fertilizer using a Kiyama-type hardness meter, and the load when the grains were crushed was defined as the hardness.
合成例１
岩手県のブロイラー業者の鶏糞をストーカー炉で焼却して得た鶏糞灰を入手し、試験に用いた。この鶏糞灰の主な成分は、く溶性リン酸（Ｐ２Ｏ５）：２３．１％、く溶性加里（Ｋ２Ｏ）：１７．６％で、ｐＨは１１．７であった。
Synthesis example 1
The chicken manure ash obtained by incinerating chicken manure from a broiler trader in Iwate Prefecture in a stalker furnace was obtained and used for the test. The main components of this chicken manure ash were soluble phosphoric acid (P2O5): 23.1%, soluble soluble potassium (K2O): 17.6%, and pH was 11.7.
実施例１
鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに３６重量％塩酸８００ｇを添加してｐＨ８．１になるまで７日間熟成した。この鶏糞灰の塩酸処理物を乾燥し、粉砕した後、少量の水と加工デンプンを固形分で２０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、崩壊性は８０％、硬度は１．１ｋｇ／粒であった。
Example 1
To 1,000 g of chicken manure ash, 800 g of 36 wt% hydrochloric acid was added and aged for 7 days until pH 8.1 was reached. After the hydrochloric acid-treated product of chicken manure ash was dried and pulverized, 20 g of a small amount of water and processed starch were added as solids, and granulated by an inclined rotating dish granulator. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 2 to 4 mmφ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating this granular product, the disintegration was 80% and the hardness was 1.1 kg / grain.
実施例２
鶏糞灰３，０００ｇに３６重量％塩酸９００ｇを添加してｐＨ９．９になるまで７日間熟成した。この鶏糞灰の塩酸処理物を乾燥し、粉砕した後、少量の水とリグニンを固形分で６０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、崩壊性は８２％、硬度は１．２ｋｇ／粒であった。
Example 2
To 3,000 g of chicken manure ash, 900 g of 36 wt% hydrochloric acid was added and aged for 7 days until pH 9.9 was reached. After the hydrochloric acid-treated product of chicken manure ash was dried and pulverized, 60 g of a small amount of water and lignin were added as solids, and granulated by an inclined rotating dish granulator. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain a 2-4 mmΦ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating the granular product, the disintegration was 82% and the hardness was 1.2 kg / grain.
実施例３
鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに３６重量％塩酸３００ｇを添加して処理した後、さらに８５重量％リン酸１００ｇを添加し、ｐＨ９．５になるまで７日間熟成した。この鶏糞灰の塩酸処理物を乾燥し、粉砕した後、少量の水と加工デンプンを固形分で２０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、崩壊性は８２％、硬度は２．３ｋｇ／粒であった。
Example 3
After processing by adding 300 g of 36 wt% hydrochloric acid to 1,000 g of chicken manure ash, 100 g of 85 wt% phosphoric acid was further added and aged for 7 days until pH 9.5 was reached. After the hydrochloric acid-treated product of chicken manure ash was dried and pulverized, 20 g of a small amount of water and processed starch were added as solids, and granulated by an inclined rotating dish granulator. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 2 to 4 mm Φ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating this granular product, the disintegration was 82% and the hardness was 2.3 kg / grain.
実施例４
鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに３６重量％塩酸３００ｇを添加して中和処理した。この処理物５００ｇに対し、熔成りん肥１５０ｇ、熔成けい酸りん肥３３０ｇを混合し、粉砕したところｐＨは１０．３であった。この原料に少量の水と加工デンプンを固形分で２０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、崩壊性は１００％、硬度は１．０ｋｇ／粒であった。
Example 4
To 1,000 g of chicken manure ash, 300 g of 36 wt% hydrochloric acid was added for neutralization. When 500 g of this treated product was mixed with 150 g of molten manure and 330 g of molten phosphorous silicate fertilizer and pulverized, the pH was 10.3. A small amount of water and modified starch (20 g) were added to this raw material as solids, and granulated by an inclined rotating dish granulator. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 2 to 4 mm Φ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating the granular product, the disintegration was 100% and the hardness was 1.0 kg / grain.
実施例５
鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに３６重量％塩酸９００ｇを添加して中和処理した。この処理物５００ｇに対し、熔成ほう素マンガンりん肥４８０ｇを混合し、粉砕したところｐＨは８．７であった。この原料に少量の水と加工デンプンを固形分で２０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、崩壊性は１００％、硬度は１．８ｋｇ／粒であった。
Example 5
To 1,000 g of chicken manure ash, 900 g of 36 wt% hydrochloric acid was added for neutralization. When 500 g of this treated product was mixed with 480 g of molten boron manganese phosphorus fertilizer and pulverized, the pH was 8.7. A small amount of water and modified starch (20 g) were added to this raw material as solids, and granulated by an inclined rotating dish granulator. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 2 to 4 mm Φ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating this granular product, the disintegration property was 100% and the hardness was 1.8 kg / grain.
比較例１
鶏糞灰１，０００ｇを酸処理することなく、粉砕後、少量の水と加工デンプンを固形分で２０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。ｐＨは１１．４であった。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、硬度は１．１ｋｇ／粒であったが、崩壊性は０％であった。
Comparative Example 1
After pulverizing 1,000 g of chicken dung ash without acid treatment, 20 g of a small amount of water and processed starch were added as solids, and granulated by an inclined rotating dish granulator. The pH was 11.4. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 2 to 4 mm Φ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating this granular product, the hardness was 1.1 kg / grain, but the disintegration property was 0%.
比較例２
鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに９８重量％硫酸６００ｇを添加してｐＨ７．２になるまで７日間熟成した。この鶏糞灰硫酸処理物を乾燥し、粉砕した後、少量の水と加工デンプンを固形分で２０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、硬度は０．９ｋｇ／粒であり、崩壊性は０％であった。
Comparative Example 2
To 1,000 g of chicken manure ash, 600 g of 98% by weight sulfuric acid was added and aged for 7 days until pH 7.2 was reached. After this chicken dung ash sulfate-treated product was dried and pulverized, 20 g of a small amount of water and processed starch were added as solids, and granulated by an inclined rotating dish granulator. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 2 to 4 mmφ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating this granular product, the hardness was 0.9 kg / grain, and the disintegration was 0%.
比較例３
鶏糞灰１，０００ｇに８５重量％リン酸２３０ｇを添加して処理した後、さらに３６重量％塩酸１７０ｇを添加してｐＨ７．７になるまで７日間熟成した。この鶏糞灰処理物を乾燥し、粉砕した後、少量の水と加工デンプンを固形分で２０ｇ添加し、傾斜回転皿形造粒機により造粒した。次に乾燥し、篩分けして２〜４ｍｍΦ粒状肥料を得、この粒状品を評価した結果、硬度は１．３ｋｇ／粒であり、崩壊性は８％であった。
Comparative Example 3
After 1,000 g of chicken manure ash was added with 230 g of 85 wt% phosphoric acid, 170 g of 36 wt% hydrochloric acid was further added and aged for 7 days until pH 7.7 was reached. The chicken manure ash-treated product was dried and pulverized, and then 20 g of a small amount of water and processed starch were added as solids and granulated with an inclined rotating dish granulator. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain a 2-4 mmΦ granular fertilizer. As a result of evaluating this granular product, the hardness was 1.3 kg / grain, and the disintegration was 8%.
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