JP2012132845A - Container enclosed with face - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a container enclosed with faces easily determining a reference point for use in an inspection of the inside of the container enclosed with the faces such as a boiler furnace.SOLUTION: The container enclosed with faces includes markers, or protrusions from the inner wall surfaces at a single or a plurality of locations of known coordinates of the inner sides of the container. Alternatively, the marker is impressed with a bar-code or a stamp having position information of a position on which the marker is provided, or is provided with an attachment part on which an IC tag is attachable, and the IC tag has the position information of the position on which the marker is provided.

Description

  The present invention relates to a container surrounded by a large surface such as a boiler furnace.

A boiler furnace used in a thermal power plant is required to be opened at the time of production and periodically after the start of operation, and an operator needs to enter the inside for maintenance inspection. At the time of maintenance inspection, it is necessary to clarify the inspection location, but the boiler furnace has a large capacity, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the inspection location visually.
Therefore, conventionally, the operator's whereabouts or maintenance inspection position has been grasped by measuring and marking the height position and the right and left position of the inspection place using a tape measure or the like. However, this method requires a great amount of time and labor to grasp the position. Cost.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to specify the inspection position in the boiler furnace using a method called a three-dimensional positioning system. This is a method of calculating the distance from a known position coordinate to a point whose position is to be identified from the propagation speed and propagation time using sound waves, and identifying the position using the distance. Such a three-dimensional positioning system is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. In recent years, a three-dimensional positioning system that uses laser light instead of sound waves to identify a position is known, and is disclosed in Patent Document 3, for example.

  However, when detecting the position in the boiler furnace using the three-dimensional positioning system as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, if the three reference positions R1, R2, and R3 are in space, the reference position It is difficult to install a transmitter or receiver in

  Further, Patent Document 4 is a method for specifying a position where work is performed within a space surrounded by a surface, and the position where the work is performed inside the space is a side wall, on the same plane substantially parallel to the side wall. A transmitter capable of transmitting a sound wave disposed at a position for performing work on the side wall of the space by installing a receiver capable of receiving a sound wave signal at three or more points having known position coordinates that are not on the same straight line. The signal is transmitted from the receiver, the arrival time of the signal reaching each of the three or more receivers not on the same straight line is measured, and the arrival time and the position coordinates of the receivers of the three or more points are determined. And a technique for specifying the position coordinates of the transmitter.

  In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 4, by setting the wave receivers at three or more points that are not on the same straight line whose position coordinates are known, the arrival time of the sound wave and the position coordinates at the three or more wave receivers. From this, two candidate positions of the transmitter (the position where the transmitter is actually located and the position of the mirror image with respect to the plane formed by the position and the three or more receivers) are obtained. Since a positioning point is calculated using a receiver at a known position arranged on the same plane substantially parallel to the side wall, even if two measured values including the mirror image position are calculated, it is necessary as positioning data. There is no problem because the height and distance from the left and right are the same. Therefore, even when it is difficult to place the receiver on the floor, it is possible to specify the position where the maintenance inspection or the like is performed.

JP-A 63-266376 JP 2004-108978 A JP-A-3-251706 JP 2010-85280 A

  In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 4, it is necessary to install a receiver capable of receiving a sound wave signal at three or more points on the same plane that is substantially parallel to the side wall and whose position coordinates are not on the same straight line. There is. A surface that is substantially parallel to a side wall (referred to as a position specifying side surface) where a work position exists is present in space unless the position specifying side surface and another side surface that faces the position specifying side wall are substantially parallel. It is difficult to set three or more points with known position coordinates on the surface, and it is difficult to set a receiver at the position even if three or more points with known position coordinates are set. is there. In addition, when the position specifying side surface and another side surface facing the position specifying side wall are substantially parallel, three points with known position coordinates are set on the other side surface, and a receiver is installed at the position. Although it is possible, there is a limit to the distance that the sound wave can propagate, making it difficult to apply to a large boiler furnace or the like in which the distance between the position specifying side surface and the other surface is larger than the distance that the sound wave can propagate. .

  Therefore, in view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention has an object to provide a container surrounded by a surface that can easily determine a reference point for use in inspection of the interior of the container surrounded by a surface of a boiler furnace or the like. And

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, a container surrounded by a surface is provided with a marker that is a protrusion from an inner wall surface at one or a plurality of locations where the position coordinates of the inner surface of the container are known. It is characterized by being.
Thereby, since the said marker can make the location known on the position coordinate on the inner wall surface of a container the reference position, the determination of the reference position is easy. In addition, since the scaffold is usually assembled along the inner wall of the container when the container is opened, the movement to the reference position is easy if the scaffold is used.

Moreover, the container enclosed by the said surface is a boiler furnace, Comprising: The said marker is good to be formed with the material which has heat resistance with respect to the boiler furnace internal temperature at the time of boiler furnace operation.
The boiler furnace needs to be opened and inspected periodically, and at the time of the inspection, it is necessary to inspect the thickness of the evaporation pipe constituting the inner wall and specify the position where the inspection has been performed. By using the marker as a reference point for specifying the position, it is easy to specify the thickness of the evaporation tube and the position of the inspection for the inspection of the aging of the evaporation tube forming the inner wall surface of the boiler furnace. Become.

Further, the marker may be engraved with a barcode or a stamp having position information of a position where the marker is provided.
When a marker is used as the reference position, it is necessary to read a position arranged in a receiver or a transmitter arranged in the reference position. Therefore, the position information can be easily read from the barcode or the stamp by marking the marker with the barcode or the stamp having the position information.

The marker may be provided with an attachment portion to which an IC tag having position information of a position where the marker is provided can be attached.
For example, when the container is a boiler furnace, the marker is exposed to a high temperature during normal operation. Therefore, instead of permanently installing a member having position information on the marker, if it is possible to attach an IC tag having position information, the IC tag having position information is removed from the marker during boiler furnace operation, By attaching the IC tag to the marker while the boiler furnace is stopped, it is possible to prevent the IC tag having position information from being exposed to high temperature and being deteriorated or damaged.

In addition, the markers are provided at a plurality of locations on the inner surface, and the markers provided at the plurality of locations have a distance between a marker and an adjacent marker that is longer than a limit distance to which sound waves reach. It is provided so that there may be no position.
As a result, when position determination is performed using sound waves, there is no point on the inner wall surface where sound waves cannot be transmitted / received to / from the receiver or transmitter disposed at the reference position.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the container enclosed by the surface where it is easy to determine the reference point for using for the test | inspection inside the container enclosed by surfaces, such as a boiler furnace, can be provided.

It is explanatory drawing of the principle which pinpoints the position on a plane. It is a perspective view showing a boiler furnace. It is the figure which represented typically the inner wall surface of the boiler furnace. It is explanatory drawing regarding the process of thickness inspection by an operator, and thickness inspection position specification. It is a perspective view of a terminal integrated object. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the wall thickness inspection of a boiler furnace inner wall, the specification of an inspection location, and data management. It is explanatory drawing of the wall thickness inspection of a boiler furnace inner wall, specification of an inspection location, and data management. It is explanatory drawing of management of a test result. 2 is a schematic view of a marker 14. FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another example of the marker 14.

  Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Not too much.

First, the principle of the method for specifying the position on the inner wall surface of the container in the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of specifying a position on a plane.

In FIG. 1, 100 is a container inner wall surface schematically shown.
When specifying the position of the point A on the wall surface 100, first, the transmitters 101 and 102 capable of transmitting ultrasonic waves are arranged at two reference positions whose position coordinates on the inner wall 100 are known. A receiver capable of receiving ultrasonic waves is arranged.
Thereafter, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the transmitters 101 and 102, the time from the transmission of the ultrasonic waves to the arrival is calculated by the receiver arranged at the point A, and the ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the transmitters 101 and 102. The position of the point A is calculated as follows from the time from the transmission until the ultrasonic wave reaches the receiver disposed at the point A.

A method for calculating the time from when radio waves and ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the transmitter to when the ultrasonic waves reach the receiver will be described.
First, a wave transmission command is issued from the outside to the wave transmitters 101 and 102, and a wave reception command is issued to the wave receiver arranged at the point A.

When the transmission command is issued, the transmitters 101 and 102 transmit ultrasonic waves almost simultaneously with the transmission command. When ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the transmitters ₁₀₁ and ₁₀₂ , the ultrasonic waves reach the receivers arranged at the point A after the time t ₁₀₁ and t ₁₀₂ from the transmission command, respectively. The times t ₁₀₁ and t ₁₀₂ can be calculated from the time when the transmission command is issued, the time when the reception command is issued, and the time when the ultrasonic wave reaches the reception.

Here, when the velocity of sound in the positioning environment is c, distances L ₁₀₁ and L ₁₀₂ from the transmitters 101 and 102 to the receiver arranged at the point A are calculated by the following equations (1) and (2). can do.
L ₁₀₁ = t ₁₀₁ × c (1)
L ₁₀₂ = t ₁₀₂ × c (2)

Next, the position of the point A is specified from the distances L ₁₀₁ and L ₁₀₂ from the receiver arranged at the point A to the respective transmitters ₁₀₁ and ₁₀₂ .
In FIG. 1, the position of the receiver (point A) is represented by (x, y), and the positions of the respective transmitters 101 and 102 are represented by (x ₁ , y ₁ ) and (x ₂ , y ₂ ), respectively. To express.
At this time, the following simultaneous equations (3) and (4) are established.
L ₁₀₁ ² = (x−x ₁ ) ² + (y−y ₁ ) ² (3)
L ₁₀₂ ² = (x−x ₂ ) ² + (y−y ₂ ) ² (4)
(4) and (5) mean circles with radii L ₁₀₁ and L ₁₀₂ centered on the transmitters 101 and 102, respectively, and the intersection of the two circles is the simultaneous equation of the equations (3) and (4). There are two solutions. However, the positions of the transmitters 101 and 102 are known, and it is clear from the point where the receiver is placed whether the x-coordinate or the y-coordinate of the point A is larger or smaller than the transmitters 101 and 102. The position of the waver can be specified.

  As described above, for a specific example in which the inspection position of the worker is specified based on the principle described with reference to FIG. 1 and the inspection result is obtained, an operator having a receiver for receiving ultrasonic waves in the boiler furnace. The case of entering and inspecting the evaporator tube provided on the side wall of the boiler furnace will be described by way of example of measuring the thickness of the evaporator tube provided on the side wall of the boiler furnace.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a boiler furnace. As shown in FIG. 2, the boiler furnace 111 has a large number of pipes 112 in the vicinity of the outer wall, and has a combustion chamber 113 for burning fuel inside, and an evaporation pipe is installed along the inner wall surface. ing.
When the operation of the boiler furnace 101 is stopped and an operator enters the inside and measures the thickness of the evaporation pipe constituting the inner wall of the boiler furnace, it is necessary to specify the inspection location. In addition, the specified position needs to be managed together with the inspection result.

FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the inner wall surface of the boiler furnace 101.
In FIG. 3, 10 is an inner wall surface of the boiler furnace. Further, when the operation of the boiler furnace 111 is stopped as described above and the worker performs an inspection inside, the worker's scaffold 12 is about 2 m along the inner wall surface for the movement and inspection of the worker. A plurality of stages are provided for each.

A plurality of markers 14 are provided as a characteristic configuration of the present embodiment. The marker 14 is a protrusion provided at a position where the position coordinates are known on the inner wall surface. A plate is attached to the marker 14 after the operation of the boiler furnace 101 is stopped.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a plate attached to the marker 14. As shown in FIG. 9, the plate is engraved with a bar code 14a in which information on the position coordinates of the marker 14 to be attached is incorporated. Instead of a bar code, a stamp in which information on the position coordinates is incorporated may be engraved.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another example of a plate attached to the marker 14. The plate is provided with a card holder 14b to which a card-like IC tag incorporating information on the position coordinates of the marker 14 to be attached can be attached.
Further, a card holder for attaching a bar code or a stamp in which information of position coordinates of the position is incorporated into the marker 14 without directly attaching the plate, or directly attaching an IC tag holding position information to the marker 14 May be provided. When a bar code or inscription is engraved on the marker 14, the marker 14, particularly around the bar code or inscription, has heat resistance against temperature during operation of the boiler furnace 101 so that the bar code or inscription does not disappear. It is necessary to make it with the materials you have. Further, when a card holder is provided on the marker 14, an IC tag is attached to the card holder after the operation of the boiler furnace 101 is stopped.
That is, the marker 14 holds position information by a stamp, a barcode, or an IC tag.

  The marker 14 sets the distance between the markers within a range where the ultrasonic waves can reach in order to specify a work position using ultrasonic waves to be described later. Specifically, the distance between the markers needs to be about 10 m or less, and it is more preferable that the distance between the markers is about 5 m or less in order to reliably specify the work position described later. In addition, regarding the vertical direction, it is preferable to provide a marker for each stage formed of the scaffold 12 so that the scaffold does not become an obstacle to the ultrasound when specifying a work position using ultrasound described later.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram regarding the thickness inspection by the worker and the processing for specifying the thickness inspection position.
First, prior to processing, as shown in FIG. 4, a transmitter 16 capable of transmitting ultrasonic waves from two or more locations is installed at the position of the marker 14, and the position coordinates of the marker 14 are set to the above-mentioned stamp, bar code, IC Read from tags. The read position information is input to a mobile personal computer (mobile PC) 28 described later. The transmitter places the reference position 61 at the position where it is aligned with the marker 14 and transmits ultrasonic waves from the transmitters 62 and 63 whose positional relationship with the reference position 61 is known. Thereby, the position coordinate of each transmission part 62 and 63 is known from the position coordinate of the marker 14 and the said positional relationship.
The transmitter 16 may be installed at any time after the operation of the boiler furnace 101 is stopped and the scaffold 12 is assembled, and before the below-described thickness inspection and position detection.

  Then, the worker carries the receiving unit 20 having the mobile PC 28 that serves as the terminal integrated object 24, the thickness gauge 26, and the control device and is connected to the thickness gauge 26 by the cable 27 capable of transmitting and receiving data. It moves to the vicinity of the position of the inspection position 18 that needs to be carried out. Then, the mobile PC 28 and the transmitter 16 are connected by a cable 29 that can transmit and receive data.

The terminal integrated object 24 constituting the receiving unit 20 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the terminal integrated object 24.
As shown in FIG. 5, the terminal integrated object 24 is configured by integrating a wave receiver 41, a distance calculation device 42, and a body pressure gauge probe 43. Reference numeral 44 denotes a connecting tool that integrates the distance calculation device 42 and the pressure gauge probe 43. The distance calculation device 42 is connected to the mobile PC 28 by a cable 45 that can transmit and receive data, and the pressure gauge probe 43 is connected to the pressure gauge 26 by a cable 46 that can transmit and receive data.
Then, the worker brings the pressure gauge probe 43 of the terminal integrated body 24 thus configured into contact with the inspection position 18 where the thickness inspection needs to be performed.

After making the above preparations, wall thickness inspection, inspection location identification and data management are performed.
With reference to FIGS. 2 to 5, the thickness inspection, identification of the inspection location and data management will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the wall thickness inspection of the boiler furnace inner wall, the identification of the inspection location, and the data management. FIG. 7 is the explanation of the wall thickness inspection of the boiler furnace inner wall, the identification of the inspection location and the data management. FIG. Note that the numbers shown in circles in FIG. 7 correspond to S (step) shown in FIG.

The worker starts the processing by bringing the thickness gauge probe 43 into contact with the inspection position 18 and performing a processing start operation using the mobile PC 28.
When the process is started, a wall thickness information fetch command is issued from the mobile PC 28 to the wall thickness gauge 26 in step S1.

  In step S 2, the thickness gauge 26 that has received the thickness information fetch command issues current / voltage and the like to the inspection position to obtain information on the thickness, and the information is sent to the thickness gauge 26. The thickness gauge 26 obtains the thickness at the inspection position based on the information. The thickness is taken into the mobile PC 28 as numerical data of thickness information. Note that the thickness measurement itself is a known technique, and therefore the description thereof is omitted.

  When the thickness information is captured, an ultrasonic wave transmission command is issued from the mobile PC to the transmitter 16 in step S3. At the same time or after that, an ultrasonic wave reception command is issued from the mobile PC to the wave receiver 41 in step S4.

  When the transmitter 16 receives an ultrasonic transmission command in step S3, the transmitter 16 transmits ultrasonic waves from the transmission units 62 and 63.

When the ultrasonic wave is transmitted in step S6, the ultrasonic wave is received by the wave receiver 41 in step S7. Then, the time t ₆₂ when the receiver 41 receives the ultrasonic wave from the transmitter ₆₂ and the time t ₆₃ when the receiver 41 receives the ultrasonic wave from the transmitter ₆₃ are distance-calculated from the receiver 62. The time t ₀ when the ultrasonic wave transmission command is issued in step S 3 is sent to the distance computing device 42.
In the distance calculation device, the time t ₁ = (t ₆₂ −t ₀ ) required for the ultrasonic wave to reach from the transmitter 62 to the receiver 41 is calculated, and the ultrasonic wave from the transmitter 63 to the receiver 41 is calculated. Calculate the time t ₂ = (t ₆₃ −t ₀ ) required to reach.
Then, the distance L ₁ from the transmitter 62 to the receiver 41 and the distance L ₂ from the transmitter 63 to the receiver 41 are applied to the following formulas (1) and (2) by applying the following ( 5) Obtained by equation (6).
L ₁ = t ₁ × c (5)
L ₂ = t ₂ × c (6)

Distance _{L 1} and the distance when _{L 2} is obtained in step S7, the data of the distance _{L 1} and the distance _{L 2} is taken to the mobile PC28 in Step S8.

In step S9, the mobile PC 28 calculates the position of the receiver 41.
Assume that the position coordinates of the known marker 14 are (X, Y). Further, the transmitter 62 is present at a position Y ′ away from the reference position 61 placed at the position of the marker 14 in the vertical upward direction, and the transmitter 63 is X horizontally from the reference position 61 where the marker 14 is placed. If it is present at a position separated by ', the position coordinates of the transmitter 62 are (X, Y + Y'), and the position coordinates of the transmitter 63 are (X + X ', Y).
When the position coordinates of the receiver 41 are (x, y), the following equations (7) and (8) are applied by applying the equations (3) and (4). The position coordinates (x, y) of the receiver 41 can be obtained by solving the simultaneous equations.
L ₁ ² = (x−X) ² + {y− (Y + Y ′)} ² (7)
L ₂ ² = {x− (X + X ′)} ² + (y−Y) ² (8)

  Next, in step S10, the mobile PC 28 displays the result of the thickness inspection taken in step S2 and the position information of the location where the thickness inspection obtained in step S29 is performed.

  In step S11, the result of the thickness inspection and the position information are sent to the personal computer 50 placed in the field office or the like via a wireless LAN or the like, and the result is displayed on the personal computer 50 in step S12. Then, the thickness inspection result and position information sent to the personal computer 50 in step S13 as necessary are sent to the personal computer 52 located in the office via the Internet or the like, and in step S14, data processing or the like is performed. Made.

In addition, inspection results and position information at a number of locations are sent to the personal computer 50. These pieces of information are centrally managed by the personal computer 50 or 52. An example of the concentration management of inspection results will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of inspection result management.
For example, when the inspection is performed at positions A, B, C, and D in the boiler furnace 111, the respective position information and information on the thickness inspection result are collected in the personal computer 50 or 52 or the like. The personal computer 50 or 52 collectively displays the aggregated results. You may make it transmit the displayed result to the worker in the position of A, B, C, D.
The display method of the result may be a display method in which the position and the inspection result can be known. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the position where the inspection result of the wall surface of the boiler furnace is defective is hatched as in the areas a and b. It can be displayed so that it can be seen visually, such as displaying with or changing the color. In FIG. 8, A1 to A10, B1 to B8, C1 to C6, and D1 to D8 represent holes for attaching the deslagger. Since the positions of the holes for attaching the deslagger are known, the holes for attaching the deslagger are provided. By displaying the test result at the same time, the test result can be easily understood visually.

  It can be used as a container surrounded by a surface that is easy to determine a reference point for use in the inspection of the inside of the container surrounded by a surface such as a boiler furnace.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Inner wall 12 Scaffolding 14 Marker 16 Transmitter 18 Inspection position 20 Receiving unit 24 Integrated object 26 Thickness gauge 28 Mobile PC
41 receiver 42 distance computing device 43 pressure gauge probe 62, 63 transmitter 111 boiler furnace

Claims (5)

A container surrounded by a surface,
A container surrounded by a surface, wherein a marker which is a protrusion from an inner wall surface is provided at one or a plurality of locations where the position coordinates of the inner surface of the container are known. The vessel surrounded by the surface is a boiler furnace,
The container surrounded by a surface according to claim 1, wherein the marker is made of a material having heat resistance with respect to the temperature inside the boiler furnace during operation of the boiler furnace.   The container surrounded by a surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the marker is engraved with a bar code or a stamp having position information of a position where the marker is provided.   The container surrounded by a surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the marker is provided with an attachment portion to which an IC tag having position information of a position where the marker is provided can be attached. The marker is provided at a plurality of locations on the inner wall surface,
The marker provided in the plurality of places is provided such that there is no position where the distance between one marker and an adjacent marker is longer than the limit distance of a sound wave. The container enclosed by the surface in any one of 1-4.

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