JP2012132153A - Covering block and construction method for mound - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a covering block having sufficient stability even when it is arranged on the shore side of a bank head in a breakwater; and a construction method for a mound using the covering block.SOLUTION: A covering block is provided with a plurality of vertical hole parts 3a-3e penetrating from a top end surface 1a to a bottom surface 1b, a plurality of projections 6 projecting laterally and having a downward engaging surface 8, and a plurality of engaging step parts 7 having an upward engaging surface. In the covering block, the projections 6 and the engaging step parts 7 are formed so that the downward engaging surface 8 and the upward engaging surface can be provided at the same height position, and when the plurality of covering blocks 1 of the same shape are arranged lattice-like regularly while being aligned in the same direction, the engaging step parts 7 are formed at a position facing the projections 6 in adjoining covering blocks 1.

Description

  The present invention is a concrete block for covering a surface layer of a mound of a structure constructed in a harbor or the like, and has a coating block having excellent stability against wave force, and a mound is constructed using the coating block On how to do.

  Conventionally, when constructing a structure such as a breakwater in a harbor, a mound is formed as the foundation of the structure because the load of the structure is evenly distributed and transmitted to the ground. As shown in FIG. 7, the general mound 9 has a structure in which rubble is piled up on the seabed 13 (rubbing layer 12) and the surface layer is covered with a large number of concrete covering blocks 11. Since various external forces act on the covering block 11 installed under the surface of the water, each covering block 11 needs to have sufficient stability against these external forces.

JP 2007-1000047 A

  The covering block disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-1000047 has a plurality of openings (vertical hole portions) penetrating from the top end surface to the bottom surface. Since the stability to the force is very excellent, it can be suitably used as a block for covering the surface layer of a foundation mound such as a breakwater. However, there is a possibility that sufficient stability against wave force cannot be obtained in a limited area on the shore side of the bank head.

  More specifically, in the region on the shore side of the dam head 10a of the breakwater 10 shown in FIG. 7 (1), from the corner 10b on the shore side of the dam head 10a to the center side of the breakwater 10 within 6 m. And the range within 12m to the extension side (outside opposite the center side) of the breakwater 10 and the range within 12m from the corner 10b on the bank side of the bank head 10a to the bank side (FIG. 7 (1)) Since the waves coming from offshore flow with vortices, a complicated external force acts on the covering block 11 arranged in this range, and the covering block 11 is lifted up. There is a problem that it is displaced from the arrangement position or tilted.

  The present invention was made to solve the above problems, and even when it is arranged on the shore side of the breakwater head, a covering block that can be expected to have sufficient stability, And it aims at providing the construction method of the mound using the said covering block.

  The mound construction method according to the present invention is a method of constructing a mound as a foundation of a breakwater on the sea floor by covering the surface layer of a rubble layer with a number of coating blocks, and includes a plurality of penetrating from the top surface to the bottom surface. A vertical hole, a plurality of protrusions protruding sideways and having a downward engagement surface, and a plurality of engagement steps having an upward engagement surface are formed, and the protrusion and the engagement step are directed downward The engagement surface and the upward engagement surface are configured to be at the same height position, and the engagement step portion is adjacent to each other when a plurality of the same shape covering blocks are regularly arranged in a lattice shape with the orientations aligned. The covering block formed at a position facing the protruding portion of the covering block is within 6 m from the corner on the shore side of the levee head to the center side of the breakwater in the shore side of the pier head of the breakwater, And within 12m to the extension side of the breakwater, and Within 12m from the corner on the shore side of the head to the shore side (or within 6m from the corner on the shore side of the head of the breakwater to the center of the breakwater And the extension of the breakwater from the corner on the shore side of the levee head and the corner on the offshore side within the area within 12m from the corner on the shore side to the shore side and the extension side of the breakwater Within 12m to the shore, and adjacent to the shore side of the levee head and the offshore side from the shore side to the shore side and the offshore side by 12m, through the protrusion and the engaging step. The blocks are arranged so that the blocks are engaged in the vertical direction.

  The covering block according to the present invention includes a plurality of vertical hole portions penetrating from the top end surface to the bottom surface, a plurality of projecting portions projecting sideways and having a downward engagement surface, and a plurality of engagement members having an upward engagement surface. A projecting portion and an engaging step portion are configured such that the downward engaging surface and the upward engaging surface are at the same height position, and the engaging step portion has a plurality of the same shape. When the covering blocks are regularly arranged in a lattice shape with their orientations aligned, the covering blocks are formed at positions facing the protruding portions of the adjacent covering blocks.

  In this covering block, four barrels project radially from the center, one vertical hole is formed at the center of each barrel, and there is also a vertical hole at the center of the block. Preferably, two protrusions are formed on the upper half of one of the four barrels, and an engaging step is formed on the upper half of the other barrel. It is preferable that two protrusions and one engagement step are formed on the upper half of the remaining two body portions.

  When the covering block according to the present invention is aligned in a regular and dense manner in a lattice shape, the protruding portion can be overlaid on the engaging step portion of another adjacent covering block, and as a result, Adjacent covering blocks can be engaged in the up-down direction. Therefore, high stability can be expected even when it is arranged in a place where a complex external force acts, such as the shore side and the extension side region of the breakwater head.

  In addition, in the case of this covering block, four barrels project radially from the center, one vertical hole is formed at the center of each barrel, and a vertical hole is also formed at the center of the block. In order to improve the stability against the lifting pressure among the external forces acting, the stability is equal to or higher than that of the conventional coating block in which the vertical hole portion is not formed, although it is lightweight. I can expect. For this reason, it is possible to save the raw material (concrete) corresponding to the volume of the vertical hole portion, and to expect the effect that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a “coating block” according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 2 (1) is a plan view of the covering block 1 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 (2) is a bottom view. 3 (1) is a front view of the covering block 1 of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 (2) is a rear view, FIG. 3 (3) is a right side view, and FIG. 3 (4) is a left side view. . 4 (1) is a cross-sectional view of the covering block 1 along the line AA shown in FIG. 2 (1), FIG. 4 (2) is a cross-sectional view along the line BB, and FIG. It is sectional drawing by a C line. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which a plurality of covering blocks 1 are regularly arranged in a lattice shape with their directions aligned. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the covering block 1 taken along the line DD shown in FIG. 7 (1) is a plan view showing an example of the mound 9 and the breakwater 10 constructed in the harbor, and FIG. 7 (2) is a cross-sectional view of the breakwater 10 and the like along the line EE shown in FIG. 7 (1). is there. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing another example of the mound 9 and the breakwater 10 constructed in the harbor.

  The present invention can be implemented as a “coating block” (first embodiment) or a “mound construction method” (second embodiment). Hereinafter, the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be described.

  First, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. The covering block 1 according to the present embodiment is made of concrete, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the four body portions 2a to 2d are horizontally arranged from the center portion. The basic shape is a cross shape (X shape). The body 2b is adjacent to the body 2a and protrudes in a direction 90 ° different from the body 2a, and the body 2c is adjacent to the body 2b and is 90 ° different from the body 2b (from the body 2a). The body part 2d is adjacent to the body part 2c and the body part 2a, and protrudes in a direction different from the body part 2c and the body part 2a by 90 degrees (a direction different from the body part 2b by 180 degrees). .

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, oblong vertical hole portions 3 a to 3 d that penetrate from the top end surface 1 a to the bottom surface 1 b are formed in the center of each of the body portions 2 a to 2 d. In addition, a circular vertical hole 3e penetrating from the top end face 1a to the bottom face 1b is also formed in the center of the covering block 1.

  On the bottom surface 1b side of the covering block 1, leg portions 4a to 4d projecting downward from the bottom surface 1b are formed at the tip portions of the body portions 2a to 2d, respectively. Further, in the vicinity of the center of the bottom surface 1b, two auxiliary leg portions 5a and 5b having a projection amount smaller than that of the leg portions 4a to 4d are formed at positions facing each other across the vertical hole portion 3e.

  As shown in the drawing, the shapes of the lower half portions of the body portions 2a to 2d are the same, but the shapes of the upper half portions are different from each other. Specifically, one protrusion 6a and one engaging step 7a are formed on the upper half of the body 2a, and two protrusions 6b and 6b are formed on the upper half of the body 2b. 'Is formed, one protruding portion 6c and one engaging step 7c are formed on the upper half of the body 2c, and two engaging steps 7d are formed on the upper half of the body 2d. , 7d '.

  The projecting portions 6 (6a, 6b, 6b ', 6c) project laterally from the vicinity of the tip portions of the body portions 2a to 2c. The engaging step portions 7 (7a, 7c, 7d, 7d ′) are formed by the protruding portions 6 of the adjacent covering blocks 1 when the plurality of identical covering blocks 1 are regularly arranged in a lattice shape with their orientations aligned. It is formed in the position facing.

  The protrusion 6 has a horizontal downward engaging surface 8 (8a, 8b, 8b ', 8c) on the lower side (see FIG. 2 (2)). On the other hand, each of the engagement step portions 7 (7a, 7c, 7d, 7d ′) has a horizontal upward engagement surface, and the downward engagement surface 8 of the protruding portion 6 and the upward direction of the engagement step portion 7. The engaging surface is formed at substantially the same height.

  Therefore, when a plurality of the covering blocks 1 are prepared and aligned in a regular and dense manner in a lattice shape, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the protruding portions 6 are connected to other adjacent covering blocks 1. Can be overlaid on the stepped portion 7 (the downward engaging surface 8 of the protruding portion 6 and the upward engaging surface of the engaging stepped portion 7 of another adjacent covering block 1 can be joined) As a result, adjacent covering blocks 1 can be engaged (engaged) in the vertical direction.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the downward engaging surface 8 of the protrusion part 6 and the upward engaging surface of the engaging step part 7 are all horizontal surfaces, it is to the up-down direction of adjacent coating | coated blocks 1 mutually. If it can implement | achieve this engagement state, it may become an inclined surface or may be a curved surface. In the present embodiment, the upward engagement surface of the engagement step portion 7 is formed at a position lower than the top end surface 1a of the covering block 1, but is set at the same height as the top end surface 1a. May be.

  Next, a second embodiment “a mound construction method (a method of using the covering block 1)” of the present invention will be described. Conventionally, when constructing a mound as a foundation for a breakwater in a harbor or the like, as shown in FIG. 7, rubble is piled on the seabed 13 to form a rubble layer 12, and the surface layer is covered with a number of covering blocks 11. The method has been implemented.

  And as a covering block 11 arrange | positioned in the surface layer of the rubble layer 12, when using a covering block as described in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2007-1000047, as above-mentioned, on the bank side of the bank head 10a A limited area (within the area on the shore side of the breakwater head 10a of the breakwater 10 from the corner 10b on the shore side of the breakwater head 10a to the center of the breakwater 10 and within the extension side of the breakwater 10 ( In the area within 12 m to the outside (opposite to the center side) and within 12 m from the corner 10b on the shore side of the bank head 10a to the shore side, in the area indicated by the hatched area in FIG. 7 (1)) May not be sufficiently stable against wave forces.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the covering blocks 1 as shown in FIG. 1 (the covering blocks according to the first embodiment of the present invention) are arranged regularly and densely in a lattice shape in such a region. And place it. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the protruding portions 6 are overlapped on the engaging step portions 7 of the other adjacent covering blocks 1, and the adjacent covering blocks 1 are vertically moved. It arrange | positions so that it may be in the state engaged in the direction.

  In the present invention, the arrangement of the covering block 1 in FIG. 1 in a specific region (or a specific range) means that at least two or more covering blocks 1 in any of the regions (or the ranges). Is not limited to a state in which the outer edge of the range covered by the covering block 1 in FIG. 1 and the outer edge of the region coincide with each other. Therefore, even when the outer edge of the area covered by the covering block 1 in FIG. 1 is located inside the area, the outer edge of the area is also inside the area covered by the covering block 1 in FIG. Even if the area covered by the covering block 1 of FIG. 1 and the area partially overlap, the covering block 1 of FIG. 1 is arranged in the area. It will meet the requirements.

  In this way, even when a complex external force is applied to the covering block 1 in the shore side region of the dam head portion 10a, the weight of the other covering block 1 adjacent to the periphery acts, High stability can be obtained.

  The covering block 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be arranged not only in the range indicated by the oblique lines in FIG. 7 (1) but also in other regions. For example, the range shown by hatching in FIG. 8 (within the area on the shore side of the bank head 10a of the breakwater 10 from the corner 10b on the bank side of the bank head 10a to the center side of the breakwater 10 and within Of the area within 12 m from the shore side corner 10b of the head 10a to the shore side and the extension side area of the breakwater 10, the shore side corner 10b of the dam head 10a and the offshore side corner 10c break the breakwater. Within the range of 12 m to the extended side of the dike and 12 m from the shore side corner 10 b and the offshore side corner 10 c to the shore side and the offshore side) or the entire surface area of the mound 9, You may arrange | position the coating | coated block 1 of FIG.

  However, when the adjacent covering blocks 1 are arranged so as to be engaged with each other in the vertical direction, it takes more time for installation work than the case where they are simply arranged, and the construction cost increases accordingly. Will do. Accordingly, when it is necessary to complete the installation work in a short period of time, or when it is necessary to keep the construction cost low, only the limited area as shown by the oblique lines in FIG. 7 (1) or FIG. It is preferable to arrange a general covering block (for example, a covering block as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-100477) in other areas.

  In addition, when the inventors of the present invention conducted a hydraulic experiment using a 1/50 scale model, the model of the covering block 1 in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the adjacent covering blocks 1 are vertically engaged with each other such that the projecting portion 6 overlaps the engaging step 7 of the other adjacent covering block 1. When arranged so as to be in a state, there was no problem of rising, shifting from the initial arrangement position, or tilting. As a result, it was confirmed that the coating block 1 according to the present invention can be expected to have sufficient stability even when it is disposed in the shore side region of the levee head.

1: coating block,
1a: top face,
1b: bottom surface,
2a to 2d: trunk,
3a-3e: Vertical hole part,
4a-4d: leg part,
5a, 5b: auxiliary legs,
6, 6a, 6b, 6b ', 6c: protrusions,
7, 7a, 7c, 7d, 7d ': engaging step,
8, 8a, 8b, 8b ', 8c: downward engaging surfaces,
9: Mound,
10: Breakwater,
10a: Dike head,
10b: A corner on the shore side,
10c: offshore corner,
11: coating block,
12: Rubble layer
13: Undersea

Claims (5)

In the method of building the mound that is the foundation of the breakwater on the sea floor by covering the surface layer of the rubble layer with a number of covering blocks,
A plurality of vertical hole portions penetrating from the top end surface to the bottom surface, a plurality of projecting portions projecting sideways and having a downward engagement surface, and a plurality of engagement step portions having an upward engagement surface are formed, The projecting portion and the engaging step portion are configured such that the downward engaging surface and the upward engaging surface are at the same height position, and the engaging step portion faces a plurality of identically shaped covering blocks. Are arranged at regular intervals in a grid pattern, the covering block formed at a position facing the protruding portion of the adjacent covering block is a portion of the bank side of the pier head of the breakwater. Within 6m from the corner of the shore side to the center side of the breakwater, within 12m to the extension side of the breakwater, and within 12m from the corner of the shore of the breakwater to the shore side The adjacent covering blocks are connected to each other via the protrusion and the engaging step. Method for constructing a mound but, characterized in that arranged so that the engaged vertically. In the method of building the mound that is the foundation of the breakwater on the sea floor by covering the surface layer of the rubble layer with a number of covering blocks,
A plurality of vertical hole portions penetrating from the top end surface to the bottom surface, a plurality of projecting portions projecting sideways and having a downward engagement surface, and a plurality of engagement step portions having an upward engagement surface are formed, The projecting portion and the engaging step portion are configured such that the downward engaging surface and the upward engaging surface are at the same height position, and the engaging step portion faces a plurality of identically shaped covering blocks. Are arranged at regular intervals in a grid pattern, the covering block formed at a position facing the protruding portion of the adjacent covering block is a portion of the bank side of the pier head of the breakwater. From the corner of the shore side within 6 m from the shore side of the breakwater to the center side of the breakwater and from the corner of the shore side of the levee head to within 12 m of the shore side, Within 12m from the shore corner and offshore corner of the dam head to the extension side of the breakwater And the adjacent covering blocks are in the range of 12 m from the shore side and offshore side of the levee head to the shore side and offshore side, respectively, via the protruding part and the engaging step part. A mound construction method, wherein the mound is constructed so as to be engaged in a vertical direction. A plurality of vertical hole portions penetrating from the top end surface to the bottom surface, a plurality of projecting portions projecting sideways and having a downward engagement surface, and a plurality of engagement step portions having an upward engagement surface are formed,
The protruding portion and the engaging stepped portion are configured such that the downward engaging surface and the upward engaging surface are at the same height position,
The coating is characterized in that the engagement step portion is formed at a position facing the projecting portion of an adjacent coating block when a plurality of identical coating blocks are regularly arranged in a lattice shape with their orientations aligned. block.   Four barrels project radially from the center, and one vertical hole is formed at the center of each barrel, and the vertical hole is also formed at the center of the block. The covering block according to claim 3, wherein:   Of the four barrels, two protrusions are formed in the upper half of one barrel, two engagement steps are formed in the upper half of the other barrel, and the remaining 5. The covering block according to claim 4, wherein the projecting portion and the engaging stepped portion are formed one by one on the upper half of the two body portions.

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