JP2012092828A - Pressure wave supercharger and method for operating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pressure wave supercharger allowing an exhaust gas treating unit to be succeedingly arranged, and to enhance the efficiency of the pressure wave supercharger while further increasing attainable maximum output.SOLUTION: The pressure wave supercharger includes a first conduit 1 for introducing outside air 5; a second conduit 2 for exhausting compressed air 9; a third conduit 3 for supplying exhaust gas 11; a fourth conduit 4 for exhausting exhaust gas 11; a high temperature gas casing; a low temperature gas casing; and a cell rotor casing arranged between the high temperature gas casing and the low temperature gas casing and having a cell rotor 8. The fourth conduit 4 is divided into a first exhaust pipe 4a and a second exhaust pipe 4b by a separating member, and the first exhaust pipe 4a is configured to exhaust the exhaust gas 11, while the second exhaust pipe 4b is configured to serve as a cleaning conduit for the outside air 5.

Description

The present invention relates to a pressure wave supercharger for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle as described in the premise part of claim 1.
Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for operating the pressure wave supercharger described in the premise part of claim 6.

  In the internal combustion engine, a member for increasing the output suitable for compressing the sucked outside air and supplying it to the combustion process is used. Such a device as a supercharger system uses various physical effects in order to perform the above-described steps.

  One technique for supercharging an internal combustion engine by compressing the intake air is a pressure wave supercharger. The efficiency of this pressure wave supercharger is dictated by the possibility of adjusting the mechanical components and the adaptation to each engine operating process in the form of control.

  The pressure wave supercharger is composed of a fixed part and a rotating part. The fixed part is an outer casing, a rotor casing divided into a high-temperature gas casing and a low-temperature gas casing, and a supply for guiding a gaseous fluid. The rotating part is formed by a cell rotor itself and, in some cases, a motor for rotationally driving the cell rotor.

  By the way, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of operating an internal combustion engine. In this, the outside air is compressed by the pressure wave supercharger so that at least one operating parameter of the pressure wave supercharger is controlled in accordance with at least one actual operating characteristic value in the internal combustion engine. It has become.

  By adapting the operation of the pressure wave supercharger to the actual operating state of the internal combustion engine, it is possible to minimize the pump loss of the internal combustion engine. In such a case, it is possible to improve the response characteristics (response) of the pressure wave supercharger and to optimize the conditions for the exhaust gas treatment. The operating parameter to be controlled in the pressure wave supercharger is a casing offset (Gehaeuseversatz).

  Thus, for example, for the standard equipment of a pressure wave supercharger for an internal combustion engine in the field of motorized vehicles, high requirements of equipment conditions and lifetime are important. This is, for example, that the pressure wave supercharger must function without problems over several years at ambient temperatures of -20 ° C and 50 ° C. Furthermore, if the exhaust gas temperature is 900 ° C. or higher, the life of the pressure wave supercharger and the function without problems will be adversely affected.

  The operating state of a known pressure wave supercharger is highly dependent on the pressure ratio between the outside air intake pipe and the exhaust gas exhaust pipe in relation to the exhaust system. This is due to the fact that 100% of the cell rotor is not sufficiently cleaned, as ideal as possible for an ideal pressure wave process. Therefore, the cleaning process is not ideally performed in the pressure wave supercharger. The generated pressure loss is determined by the intake system and exhaust system of the engine. Further, when the pressure wave supercharger is in the operating region where the mass flow rate is maximum, the increase in the transport flow rate is limited by the pressure loss of the exhaust system that increases.

German Patent Application No. 102006020522

  Accordingly, the pressure wave supercharger, which is a pressure wave supercharger system based on the prior art, will be limited with respect to the arrangement possibility and the maximum achievable output of the exhaust gas treatment unit arranged in the succeeding manner. Further, it has been impossible to provide an exhaust gas treatment unit, such as a catalyzer, an oxidation catalyst converter, a NOx occlusion reduction catalyst, a selective reduction catalyst (SCR catalyst), a particle filter, etc., which is disposed after the pressure wave supercharger.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pressure wave supercharger in which an exhaust gas treatment unit can be subsequently arranged and to further increase the maximum output that can be achieved. The purpose is to increase the efficiency of the supercharger.

  The above object can be achieved by the invention according to claim 1. Further, among the above objects, the method is achieved by the invention described in claim 6.

  In other words, the present invention is a pressure wave supercharger for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, wherein the pressure wave supercharger introduces an intake pipe for introducing outside air and a first pipe for discharging compressed air. A second pipe for supplying exhaust gas, an exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gas, a high-temperature gas casing, a low-temperature gas casing, and a cell rotor disposed between the high-temperature gas casing and the low-temperature gas casing In the pressure wave supercharger comprising the cell rotor casing, the exhaust pipe is divided into a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe by a separating member.

  In the present invention, the pressure wave supercharger includes four pipes, and one of the four pipes is the pipe 1 (first pipe) that is an intake pipe for outside air. In this case, outside air is taken in from an outside air supply system, particularly an air filter. The pipe line 2 is a second pipe line that discharges compressed outside air. In this case, the second pipeline 2 is an outside air compression pipeline. The outside air introduced from the first pipe 1 is compressed in the second pipe 2 and guided to the intake port of the intake system, the intercooler or the regulated internal combustion engine. In addition, the pressure wave supercharger includes a third pipe 3, and the third pipe 3 is an exhaust gas supply pipe. The exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is supplied again to the pressure wave supercharger in order to compress the outside air introduced into the first pipe 1. Furthermore, the 4th pipe line 4 for discharging | emitting exhaust gas after compression of external air is provided, Therefore, this 4th pipe line 4 is an exhaust gas discharge pipe line.

  In the present invention, the fourth pipe 4 is divided into a pipe 4a (first exhaust pipe) and a pipe 4b (second exhaust pipe). This makes it possible to perform an optimal hydrodynamic process within the pressure wave supercharger in various operating parameters or thermodynamic or operating conditions. Further, by dividing the pipe 4a and the pipe 4b by the separating member, it is possible to reliably perform almost complete cleaning of each rotor cell. Therefore, the cell can be filled to the maximum in various operating states.

  Here, the conduit 4a is basically configured to exhaust the exhaust gas, while the conduit 4b is basically configured as a clean conduit for outside air. Thereby, the pipe line 4a plays a main role of the conventional pipe line 4 (fourth pipe line) as an exhaust gas discharge pipe line. Therefore, this pipe line 4a is a high-pressure pipe from which exhaust gas after compressing outside air is discharged. In addition, since exhaust gas is 100-1000 degreeC, this pipe line 4 is formed so that it may have high temperature resistance.

  The pipe 4b is directly added to the pipe 4a while being separated by the separating member. This pipe line 4 b is provided mainly for circulating cleaning air in the form of outside air introduced from the first pipe line 1. Therefore, this pipe line 4b is a low-pressure pipe line, and the pressure generated individually depends on the pipe shape of the pipe line 4b and thermodynamic state characteristic values such as mass flow rate and temperature. .

  Accordingly, since each rotor cell is completely filled with new outside air in the pipe line 4b at the latest, the exhaust gas treatment system disposed subsequent to the pipe line 4b is not adversely affected by the back pressure generated thereby. Such an arrangement ensures the optimal use of the compressed volume consumed by the pressure wave supercharger.

  Moreover, one Embodiment of this invention has arrange | positioned the isolation member in the exit part of the waste gas from a cell rotor, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. At this time, it is preferable that the separating member is directly integrated into the high-temperature gas casing and is directly added to the cell rotor with an appropriate interval in consideration of expansion. Moreover, the isolation member is formed so as not to collide with the rotating cell rotor due to various thermal expansions. At the same time, on the other hand, in order to avoid pressure loss due to leakage from the gap as much as possible, the distance between the cell rotor and the separating member is kept small enough to be the largest division between the pipe lines 4a and 4b. Here, since the exhaust gas having a maximum temperature of 1000 ° C. has an adverse effect on the operating state and life of the separation member, the separation member has high temperature resistance.

  One embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the separating member is formed as a separating plate. Since this separator can be easily attached to the exhaust gas guide pipe (fourth pipe) 4, the exhaust gas guide pipe 4 is divided into a pipe 4a and a pipe 4b.

  In addition, an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that an exhaust gas treatment unit is subsequently arranged in a pipe line (first exhaust pipe) 4a. Therefore, the pressure wave supercharger can be used for a diesel engine. This takes into account increasingly stringent requirements for exhaust gas treatment and exhaust gas regulations to be observed by legislative bodies and automobile producers. Accordingly, the pressure wave supercharger can be used under future exhaust gas regulations.

  In addition, one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the time point at which the exhaust gas flows into the pipe 4a (first exhaust pipe) and / or the pipe 4b (second exhaust pipe) can be controlled. That is, for example, the charge wave supercharger charge cycle can be controlled in accordance with the position of the rotary valve or the position of the shift valve of the actuator. Therefore, the pressure wave supercharger system according to the present invention can be used for a wide range of engine characteristics, and can also be used for a wide range of operation of each engine. By such a control, the cells of the pressure wave supercharger can be optimally filled even in a low rotation range, a high rotation range, a low load, and a high load. This improves the efficiency of the operating internal combustion engine.

  The operation method of the pressure wave supercharger as described above according to the present invention is characterized in that exhaust gas is almost completely discharged to the pipe line 4a (first exhaust pipe) after compression of the outside air. That is, the exhaust gas is almost completely discharged to the path 4a (first exhaust pipe). Further, the residual gas component of the exhaust gas can be left in the rotor cell according to the operating state of the pressure wave supercharger and / or the internal combustion engine. However, due to the division into the pipeline 4a and the pipeline 4b and the separation of the functions, most of the exhaust gas is released after the compression of the outside air into the pipeline 4a. The majority of the exhaust gas is particularly preferably at least 85%, particularly more than 90% of the exhaust gas in the rotor cell, more preferably more than 95%.

  Further, one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that fresh outside air is introduced into the pipe line 4b (second exhaust pipe) through the cells of the cell rotor. Therefore, in some cases, the residual gas remaining in the cell after the exhaust gas is discharged to the pipe line 4a is discharged from the rotor cell. In the present invention, the gas does not necessarily flow through the entire rotor cell, but the mixed gas composed of the outside air existing at the outlet of the rotor cell and the minimum residual gas component to the pipe line 4b causes the fresh outside air to be discharged to the outlet of the rotor cell. Means compressed by adding to the opposite side. Although depending on the operating characteristic value, in the present invention, it is also possible to circulate gas over the entire rotor cell. As a result, after the end of the distribution process, exhaust gas of less than 10%, particularly less than 5%, remains in the rotor cell. Further, according to the present invention, the rotor cell can be filled up to 100% with the outside air by dividing the pipe 4a and the pipe 4b. And the residual gas component of the external air and exhaust gas from a rotor cell exists in the pipe line 4b.

  Therefore, it is desirable to close the pipe line 4a after exhausting almost the entire amount of exhaust gas in the cell to the pipe line 4a (first exhaust pipe). However, in the present invention, it is also conceivable to open the pipe 4b based on a hydrodynamic process in the pipe 4a, for example, back pressure of exhaust gas, and it is possible to discharge residual exhaust gas with new outside air. It is. Such residual exhaust gas may flow into the pipe line 4b.

  One embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the pipe line 4a (first exhaust pipe) and / or the pipe line 4b (second exhaust pipe) are opened depending on the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine. For example, by controlling the position of the rotary valve, it is possible to control the opening time and closing time of the pipe line 4a and / or the pipe line 4b.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the pipe line 4a (first exhaust pipe) and / or the pipe line 4b (second exhaust pipe) are opened depending on the load of the internal combustion engine.

  Furthermore, one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the pipe 4a (first exhaust pipe) and / or the pipe 4b (second exhaust pipe) is opened depending on the rotational speed of the pressure wave supercharger. Yes.

  Thereby, it is possible to optimally fill the cells in the cell rotor according to the operating state of the pressure wave supercharger by the control at the time of opening. Therefore, after the conduit 4b is closed, there is almost no residual gas as exhaust gas in the rotor cell.

  Moreover, in this invention, it is possible to avoid subsequent reaction (Nachreaktion) by dividing | segmenting into the pipe line 4a and the pipe line 4b. Further, the residual exhaust gas containing fuel is almost completely introduced into the pipe line 4a. At this time, it is conceivable to design the pipe line 4a so as to minimize the subsequent reaction. On the other hand, at this time, the subsequent reaction such as a delay in the ignition timing of the fuel mixed gas does not occur in the pipe line 4b.

  Moreover, it is preferable to divide | segment the hot gas casing of a pressure wave supercharger with a separating member. The high-temperature gas casing itself is provided with a pipe line 4. In the present invention, a pipe suitable for guiding a gaseous fluid can be connected to the high-temperature gas casing or the pipe line. is there.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while providing the pressure wave supercharger which can arrange | position an exhaust gas treatment unit succeedingly, while being able to raise the highest output which can be achieved further, the efficiency of this pressure wave supercharger can be raised.

  Further, other advantages, features, characteristics and forms of the present invention are described in the following description of embodiments. In the following description based on the drawings, schematic drawings are used for easy understanding.

It is the schematic of a pressure wave supercharger. It is the schematic of the supercharging process in a rotor cell. It is a perspective view of a hot gas casing.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or corresponding member, and repeated description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

  FIG. 1 shows an outline of the configuration of the pressure wave supercharger D. The pressure wave supercharger D includes pipes 1 to 4. Here, the pipe line 1 is formed as an intake pipe for the outside air 5 from the air filter system 6. The outside air 5 is introduced into the cell 7 of the cell rotor 8, compressed there, and supplied as compressed air 9 to the conduit 2 of the pressure wave supercharger D. This compressed air 9 is supplied to an intake manifold 10 of the internal combustion engine. In some cases, an intercooler is interposed depending on the arrangement structure.

  After the combustion process, the exhaust gas 11 is formed. The exhaust gas 11 is discharged from the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine through the exhaust gas exhaust path AK, and further supplied to the pressure wave supercharger D through the pipe 3. At this time, the exhaust gas 11 is reintroduced into the cell 7 of the cell rotor 8 and compresses the outside air 5 sucked from the air filter system 6. After such a compression process, the exhaust gas 11 is discharged from the cell 7 of the cell rotor 8 through the pipe line 4.

  In the present invention, the pipeline 4 is divided into a pipeline 4a and a pipeline 4b. After the compressed air 9 released through the pipe 2 is compressed, the exhaust gas 11 is first discharged from the cell 7 through the pipe 4a. At this time, the exhaust gas 11 is introduced into the exhaust gas treatment unit 12 after passing through the pipe line 4a in some cases. Since the residual gas remains in the cells 7 of the cell rotor 8 after the exhaust gas 11 is simply discharged from the pipeline 4a, new outside air 5 is introduced into the pipeline 1 during the intake process. Since this new outside air 5 pushes in the residual gas existing in the vicinity of the pipe line 4 from the cell 7 of the cell rotor 8, this residual gas leaks into the pipe line 4b.

  Since this pipe line 4b is not connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit 12, no back pressure (reaction force) is generated in this pipe line 4b. Accordingly, the cell supercharging (Zellladung) is performed only from almost fresh outside air 5, and this outside air 5 is compressed again by the exhaust gas 11 supplied to the pipe line 3, and passes through the pipe line 2 to the intake manifold 10. Supplied. In the present invention, it is also conceivable to provide a cleaning unit (not shown) in which the back pressure is reduced in the conduit 4b.

  FIG. 2 shows an outline of the filling process of the cell 7 between the pipe line 1 and the pipe line 4. In the first step, the cells 7 filled with the exhaust gas 11 are introduced into the region of the pipeline 4. In the second step, first, the exhaust gas 11 reaches a position where the exhaust gas 11 is introduced into the pipe line 4 a by self-expansion (Selbstexpansion), and new outside air 5 is introduced into the cell 7 from the pipe line 1. For this reason, the exhaust gas is almost completely discharged to the pipe line 4a. Subsequently, in the next step, the pipe 4b is reached. At this time, the conduit 4 is passed and already closed. And the gas in the cell 7 is completely discharged | emitted by the new external air 5 from the pipe line 1 to the pipe line 4b. Therefore, a gas consisting of almost fresh outside air 5 is generated in the cell 7.

  FIG. 3 shows an outline of a hot gas casing 13 according to the present invention. The hot gas casing 13 is directly connected to the cell rotor casing by a flange portion 14. The hot gas casing 13 is located on the left side of the cell rotor 8 in FIG. Here, the pipe (exhaust pipe) 4 is divided into a pipe 4a and a pipe 4b.

  Thus, the separator 15 has an angle α and has a turbine impeller-like extension. This depends on the fluid characteristics of the exhaust gas 11 discharged from the cells 7 of the cell rotor 8 achieved thereby. Furthermore, the rotational direction of the cell rotor 8 (not shown) is indicated by ω.

  Therefore, from each cell 7, first, the pipeline 3 is passed, followed by the pipeline 4a, and then the pipeline 4b. On the high-temperature gas casing side, two operation processes are performed every time the cell rotor 8 rotates once for each cell 7.

1 pipeline (intake pipe)
2 pipeline 3 pipeline 4 pipeline (exhaust pipe)
4a Pipe line (first exhaust pipe)
4b Pipe line (second exhaust pipe)
5 Outside air 6 Air filter system 7 Cell 8 Cell rotor 9 Compressed air 10 Intake manifold 11 Exhaust gas 12 Exhaust gas treatment unit 13 High-temperature gas casing 14 Flange 15 Separator AK Exhaust gas exhaust path D Pressure wave supercharger α Angle ω Rotation direction

Claims (11)

A pressure wave supercharger (D) for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, wherein the pressure wave supercharger (D)
A first conduit (1) which is an intake pipe for introducing outside air (5);
A second conduit (2) for discharging compressed air (9);
A third line (3) for supplying exhaust gas (11);
A fourth pipe line (4) which is an exhaust pipe for discharging the exhaust gas (11);
A hot gas casing (13);
A cold gas casing;
In the pressure wave supercharger comprising the high-temperature gas casing (13) and the cell rotor casing having the cell rotor (8) arranged between the low-temperature gas casings,
The fourth pipe (4) is divided into a first exhaust pipe (4a) and a second exhaust pipe (4b) by a separating member (15), and the first exhaust pipe (4a) is basically treated with an exhaust gas ( 11) A pressure wave supercharger characterized in that the second exhaust pipe (4b) is basically configured as a clean line for outside air (5), while being configured to exhaust 11).   The pressure wave supercharger according to claim 1, wherein the isolation member (15) is disposed at an outlet portion of the exhaust gas (11) from the cell rotor (8).   3. The pressure wave supercharger according to claim 1, wherein the separating member is formed as a separating plate.   The pressure wave supercharger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an exhaust gas treatment unit (12) is subsequently disposed in the first exhaust pipe (4a).   The exhaust gas (11) is configured to be controllable when the inflow time of the exhaust gas (11) into the first exhaust pipe (4a) and / or the second exhaust pipe (4b) is controllable. Pressure wave supercharger. In the operating method of the pressure wave supercharger in any one of Claims 1-5,
An operation method characterized in that the exhaust gas (11) is discharged almost completely into the first exhaust pipe (4a) after the compression of the outside air (5).   The operating method according to claim 6, characterized in that fresh outside air (5) is introduced into the second exhaust pipe (4b) through the cell (7) of the cell rotor (8).   The operation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the first exhaust pipe (4a) is closed after substantially exhausting the exhaust gas in the cell (7) to the first exhaust pipe (4a). Method.   The said 1st exhaust pipe (4a) and / or the said 2nd exhaust pipe (4b) are open | released depending on the rotation speed of the said internal combustion engine, The any one of Claims 6-8 characterized by the above-mentioned. How it works.   The first exhaust pipe (4a) and / or the second exhaust pipe (4b) are opened depending on a load of the internal combustion engine, according to any one of claims 6 to 9. How it works.   The said 1st exhaust pipe (4a) and / or the said 2nd exhaust pipe (4b) are open | released depending on the rotation speed of the said pressure wave supercharger (D), Any one of Claims 6-10 characterized by the above-mentioned. The operation method according to claim 1.

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