JP2012077279A - New cutting oil agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting oil agent at a low cost, which is obtained from mineral oil and which has various viscosity, lubricating property, cooling performance, flushing property and antibacterial performance, and which prevents environmental pollution.SOLUTION: The cutting oil agent is obtained by radiating an ultrasonic wave having a radiation frequency of 20 to 50 KHz and a radiation intensity of 1.0 to 5.0 W/cmto mineral oil having a required viscosity, so that the paraffin chains are cut by a high temperature and high pressure reaction field and flow speed of liquid caused by collapse of cavities and that the molecular weight and viscosity are reduced, then radiating an ultrasonic wave having a radiation frequency of 100 to 300 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W/cmto the resulting mineral oil, so that performances are stabilized by the formation of fine and dense air bubbles or droplets, and further, radiating an ultrasonic wave having a radiation frequency of 500 to 2,000 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W/cmto the resulting mineral oil, so that additional functions are imparted to the mineral oil.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting fluid, and more particularly to a novel cutting fluid that can exhibit the cooling properties, lubricity, flushing properties, and the like required for a cutting fluid without using chemical agents.

The expansion of economic growth is also the expansion of production and consumption, and a huge number of production equipment contributes to this expansion. The equipment infrastructure related to such a large number of production equipment In order to form a table, various members, gear gears, etc., an enormous amount of cutting, grinding, or drilling is performed. A metal material used for these cutting, grinding, or drilling is a so-called metal workpiece. In addition, cutting, grinding, and drilling while bringing a high-hardness cutting blade or drill into contact with high pressure causes generation of high-temperature frictional heat and reduced slipping, which makes it impossible to perform machining operations. Cutting oil is applied between the workpiece and the cutting tool to maintain cooling and lubricity to maintain machining productivity.
Further, in addition to removal of chips and abrasives generated during cutting, grinding or drilling, there is also a demand for lubrication and maintenance of machine tool sliding surfaces and screws, or protection and rust prevention of machine tools and workpiece metals.

By the way, the current cutting fluid is obtained by blending various kinds of chemical substances with mineral oil whose main component is fractionated using petroleum as a raw material, and has a viscosity of at least about 8 cp (centipoise). , 000 cp.
There are two types of cutting fluids, one being water-insoluble cutting fluid and the other being water-soluble cutting fluid.
A water-insoluble cutting fluid is an oil-based fluid based on mineral oil, and is used for metal processing as crude oil without being diluted. This mineral oil has characteristics depending on the type and is used as a base for cutting fluid. The suitability is also different. In particular, mineral oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, so that the properties differ depending on the arrangement of carbon chains.
The most suitable mineral oil as the base for cutting fluids is a mineral oil with a high paraffin content and low aromaticity, and this mineral oil is formed by a special solvent refining method, so it has a slightly high but high viscosity index. Therefore, it retains high viscosity even at high temperatures, has excellent oxidation resistance, has a long life, has little viscosity change due to temperature, has high oil film strength at high temperatures between chips and tools, and uses less skin irritation. It has the advantage of being excellent in safety and preventing deterioration such as swelling and breakage of the incidental rubber member.

On the other hand, the water-soluble cutting fluid is supplied as a stock solution, and is diluted into water before use, and is classified into an emulsion type, a solve type, or a solution type. And the emulsion type is composed of mineral oil and emulsifier, and forms emulsion emulsion by adding water and instantly suspending oil droplets in water. As mineral oil, paraffin content is similar to water-insoluble cutting oil. Most of them are selected from those with less aromaticity, and fatty acid soap is usually used as an emulsifier, and is also used in combination with petroleum sulfonic acid or a nonionic surfactant. In such a case, since the emulsifier itself does not dissolve in mineral oil, it is necessary to use a coupler comprising a higher alcohol in advance to dissolve and mix the emulsifier with mineral oil.
In addition, Soluble type water-soluble oils form a transparent or translucent emulsion with a small oil droplet size and excellent emulsion stability, but emulsify by embedding mixed oil, increasing the amount taken out and increasing the concentration easily. Have problems that are likely to occur.
In addition, the solution type is an oil agent that makes a chemical solution that is completely free of mineral oil and dissolves completely in water. Generally, it has low lubricity but is excellent in cooling and penetrability, so it is suitable for grinding.

  However, these current cutting fluids not only have a wide variety of metal worms related to cutting, grinding, or drilling when they are used, but those that require lubrication depending on the processing method are based on mineral oil and have a wide range of viscosities. Water-insoluble cutting fluid must be prepared, and if cooling or penetrability is desired, a water-soluble cutting fluid prepared by mixing mineral oil with a coupler and an emulsifier, or a mineral oil with extremely low viscosity It is indispensable to prepare a wide variety of cutting fluids such as using a water-insoluble cutting fluid based on the above.

In addition to lubricity and cooling properties, these cutting fluids deal with high heat generated between the workpiece metal and the cutting tool during cutting, in addition to the flushing property that removes chips and abrasive grains. Since high melting point lubricating film formation, that is, the compound of chloride and sulfide for metal chloride and metal sulfide generation, or a water-soluble cutting fluid is blended with couplers and various emulsifiers, After processing such as cutting, grinding, drilling, etc., oils and chemicals of these cutting fluids and chemical agents must be separated and drained, resulting in enormous processing costs.
In addition, normal cutting, grinding, drilling, etc. are processed continuously by processing equipment, but the cutting fluid is stored in a storage tank (coolant tank) provided in the processing equipment in advance and then sent by an oil pump or the like. Although dripping or fluidization is applied to the cutting, grinding, or drilling site, water-soluble oils can easily propagate bacteria during storage, and the propagation of these bacteria causes the oil to acidify, destroy the emulsion, and promote metal corrosion. However, the occurrence of rot odor is also invited.
In addition, mineral oil has a very large amount of oil, such as tar, which tends to be suspended and solidified, especially in high-viscosity mineral oil, due to the fractional distillation of petroleum, the product material, and this solidifies and clogs the oil pump. The problem is inherent.

  As a result of intensive research to solve these many problems that the current cutting fluids have, the inventors have radiated ultrasonic waves with the required radiation frequency and radiation intensity to the mineral oil. Viscosity change by breaking molecular chains of paraffinic hydrocarbons as a raw material, heat resistance is improved by generation of bacterial antibacterial and chemical reaction by OH radical generation, and mineral oil and water are directly dispersed and emulsified to reduce emulsifiers. As a result, the present invention was reached.

  The present invention provides a new cutting fluid at a low cost that retains a wide variety of viscosities, lubricity, cooling properties, flushing properties or antibacterial properties from mineral oil formed by fractional distillation of petroleum, and also prevents environmental pollution. There is to do.

The technical means used by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problem is that mineral oil having a viscosity of at least 200 centipoise is stored in a coolant tank having a required volume, and its radiation frequency is 20 to 50 KHz. By radiating ultrasonic waves having an intensity of 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm ² and a radiation frequency of 100 to 300 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² , strong cavitation and dense and gentle cavitation In addition, by cutting the bond chain of paraffin hydrocarbons and reducing the molecular weight, the viscosity is reduced to about 8 to 1,000 centipoise, thereby maintaining lubricity and flushing properties and antibacterial properties due to generation of OH groups. Water-soluble cutting oils and fats are formed at low cost, and cutting, grinding or drilling is performed by dripping or fluidizing such water-insoluble cutting oils. There made efficiently, even once by ultrasonic irradiation of the radiation intensity is 20 to 120 W / cm ² low-viscosity paraffin also the emission frequency of 500 to 2,000KHz, its straight effects or chemical reactions and exothermic effects As a result, a high melting point lubricating action due to the formation of a higher paraffinized product having side chains is also exhibited.

In addition, 30 to 70% by volume of water is mixed with mineral oil having a required viscosity, the radiation frequency is 20 to 50 KHz, and the radiation intensity is 1.0 to 5. By making ultrasonic radiation of 0 W / cm ² , capillary waves are generated at the phase interface of the two liquids to generate mineral oil droplets, and they are brought into contact with the ultrasonic vibration surface and atomized by cavitation on the solid surface. It exists in a water-soluble cutting fluid in which mineral oil and water are dispersed and emulsified, and the water-soluble cutting fluid that has been dispersed and emulsified further has a radiation frequency of 100 to 350 KHz and a radiation intensity exceeding 20 to 120 W / cm ² . It is a water-soluble cutting fluid that is made by supersonic atomization by adding cavitation on a solid surface, and thus further dispersing and emulsifying mineral oil and water more stably.

The present invention is configured as described above. In a water-insoluble cutting fluid, at least a mineral oil having an appropriate viscosity of 200 centipoise or more is stored in a coolant tank having a required volume, and then the radiation thereof. Since ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 20 to 50 KHz and a radiation intensity of 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm ² and a radiation frequency of 100 to 300 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² are radiated, In particular, ultrasonic waves of 20 to 50 KHz with low frequency cause strong cavitation action on mineral oil, high temperature and high pressure reaction field at the time of bubble generation and crushing, and paraffin hydrocarbon bond chain that forms mineral oil by fast flow of liquid generated at the time of collapse. Mineral oil with reduced viscosity due to low molecular weight due to cutting is formed, maintaining lubricity and creating permeability and flushing , More OH group is also imparted excellent antibacterial properties produced by high-temperature and high-pressure field.
Even when the molecular weight is reduced by breaking the paraffin chain, the ultrasonic wave having a radiation frequency of 500 to 2,000 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² is radiated, thereby causing a straight action or a chemical reaction action. In addition, a highly paraffinized product having a side chain is also generated due to exothermic action and the high melting point lubricity is maintained.

Furthermore, in water-soluble cutting fluids, water is mixed and stored in a coolant tank in a proportion of 30 to 70% by volume with respect to mineral oil of appropriate viscosity, and perpendicular to the two-phase liquid mixed from the upper surface, the lower surface or the upper and lower surfaces. In the direction, since the radiation frequency is 20 to 50 KHz and the radiation intensity is 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm ² , a cavity wave is generated at the two liquid phase interface, and the wave at the phase interface is broken. Droplets are generated, and the droplets come into contact with the ultrasonic vibration surface and are atomized by cavitation on the solid surface, so that mineral oil and water are dispersed and emulsified in a short time. A water-soluble cutting fluid that retains cooling properties and antibacterial properties in addition to the desired viscosity and permeability can be easily formed depending on the viscosity of the mineral oil used and the volume ratio of the mixed water.
In addition, when the dispersion-emulsified water-soluble cutting fluid is irradiated with ultrasonic waves having a radiation frequency of 100 to 300 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² , bubbles are ultrafinely divided by the addition of cavitation on the solid surface. A water-soluble cutting fluid that is dispersed and emulsified at a high density and retains permeability, cooling properties, and extreme pressure relaxation properties is formed.

A mineral oil having a viscosity of 1,000 centipoise is stored, its radiation frequency is 20 to 50 KHz, its radiation intensity is 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm ² , and its radiation time is radiated for 1 to 30 minutes. A water-insoluble cutting fluid having a fineness of about 8 to 220 centipoise is formed.

  The embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of the production method of the present invention. The conventional cutting fluid is a water-insoluble cutting fluid mainly for lubricity and cooling performance. Although the water-soluble cutting fluid is mainly used for the purpose, the material, processing method, and processing of the metal worm 1A and the processing tool 1B during the cutting, grinding, drilling, etc., whether it is a water-insoluble cutting fluid or a water-soluble cutting fluid. Since the required lubricity, permeability, flushing property, etc. differ depending on accuracy, etc., as cutting fluids that can cope with these, there are enormous types of cutting fluids ranging from several centipoise to several thousand centipoise as the viscosity. Requested.

Therefore, in the cutting fluid of the present invention, particularly the water-insoluble cutting fluid 1A of the present invention, the mineral oil 1 having the required viscosity is stored in advance in the coolant tank 2 having the required storage capacity, preferably the mineral oil 1 having a viscosity of 200 centipoise or more is stored. The chain of the paraffin hydrocarbon compound as the main component is cut to reduce the molecular weight to form a water-insoluble cutting fluid 7 of various viscosities. In addition, in order to maintain lubricity, permeability or flushing, An ultrasonic wave having a radiation frequency of 20 to 50 KHz and a radiation intensity of 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm ² is emitted.
In such a case, the water-insoluble cutting fluid 7 of the present invention has a low viscosity of about 6 to 8 centipoise to about several hundred centipoise from the viewpoint of imparting permeability and flushing properties in addition to lubricity. As a countermeasure for this, the chain of paraffin hydrocarbons as the main component of the mineral oil 1 is broken. For this purpose, the radiation frequency is 20 to 50 KHz, more preferably 20 to 29.5 KHz. The radiant intensity can be at least about 3 minutes up to about 30 minutes.

And the production | generation of OH group and the creation of antibacterial property are also made | formed by the reduction | restoration effect | action by the high temperature / high pressure reaction field which concerns on the cavitation for cut | disconnecting the chain | strand of a paraffin hydrocarbon, or the chemical reaction concerning the quick flow of the liquid produced at the time of collapse.
Further, the mineral oil 1 is densely and gently added with cavitation throughout to keep the lubricity, penetrability or flushing property uniform, so that the radiation frequency is 100 to 300 KHz and the radiation intensity is 20 to 20%. By emitting an ultrasonic wave of 120 W / cm ² , extremely stable lubricity, penetrability, or flushing performance is exhibited, and cutting, grinding, drilling, and the like are efficiently performed.

And what is characteristic is that paraffin once reduced in chain weight by linking is subjected to ultrasonic irradiation with a radiation frequency of 500 to 2,000 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² . Higher paraffinized products having side chains are produced by straight action, chemical reaction, exothermic action, etc., and high melting point lubrication action (extreme pressure lubrication) is also created thereby.

Thus, such low frequency ultrasonic radiation, ie its radiation frequency is 20 to 50 KHz, and medium frequency ultrasonic radiation, ie its radiation frequency is 100 to 300 KHz, and high frequency ultrasonic radiation, ie its radiation frequency is above 500 to 2,000 KHz. In the coolant tank 2, the sound wave is emitted from the low frequency ultrasonic oscillator 3A or the bottom low frequency ultrasonic oscillator 4A, and from the medium frequency ultrasonic oscillator 3B or the bottom medium frequency ultrasonic oscillator 4B, A sound wave oscillator 3C or a bottom high frequency ultrasonic wave oscillator 4C is disposed in each of the coolant tanks 2A, 2B, 2C, and the mineral oil 1 is radiated while being sequentially transferred from the coolant tanks 2A to 2B and then to 2C. The method is shown in FIG.
Of course, the novel water-insoluble cutting oil 7 of the present invention provided with the first transfer pump 5A and the second transfer pump 5B for transferring the mineral oil 1 from the coolant tank 2A to the coolant tank 2B and emitting ultrasonic waves is as follows. Dropping or lubrication is applied to the cutting site, the grinding site or the drilling site via the supply pump 6.

  It should be noted that low-frequency ultrasonic radiation or medium-frequency ultrasonic radiation causes the mineral oil 1 to be stored or the mineral oil 1 and water 10 stored to form the water-soluble cutting fluid 8 to exert a cavitation action. In order to generate and disperse and mix bubbles by the cavitation action, the ultrasonic oscillators 3A and 4A, or 3B and 4B are perpendicular to the stored mineral oil 1 or the water 10 to be mixed. It is to radiate.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory plan view when ultrasonic radiation is performed in the compartment coolant tank 20, and each of the compartment coolant tanks 20 has a low volume ultrasonic radiation compartment 20A and medium frequency ultrasonic radiation with a required volume. The section 20B and the high-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20C are integrally formed, and naturally the mineral oil 1 stored in the low-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20A or the water 10 mixed with the mineral oil 1 is used. On the other hand, a strong cavitation action is applied to lower the molecular weight and viscosity of the component of the mineral oil 1, and in the medium frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20B, fine and fine bubbles are generated and dispersed and mixed. An ultrasonic wave having a radiation frequency of 100 to 300 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² is emitted. Further, in the high frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20C, the boundary lubrication and extreme pressure lubrication are enhanced or the surface protection is enhanced by a straight traveling action, a chemical reaction, or an exothermic action, and the radiation frequency is 500 to 2,000 KHz. It is formed to emit ultrasonic waves with an intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² .
In such a case, the mineral oil 1 or the mineral oil 1 and the water 10 are transferred from the low-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20A to the medium-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20B and further passed through the high-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20C. Alternatively, the mineral oil 1 or the mineral oil 1 and the water 10 can be directly stored in the low-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20A, the medium-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20B, or the high-frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20C and subjected to ultrasonic treatment. is there.

On the other hand, the water-soluble cutting fluid is mainly intended to protect cutting tools and improve workability efficiency by preventing high temperatures that occur during processing such as cutting, grinding or drilling. The cooling performance of water-based water-soluble cutting fluid is extremely effective.
Therefore, in the current water-soluble cutting fluid, mineral oil 1 is mixed with an emulsifier made of fatty acid soap and a nonionic interfacial lubricant together with water 10 through a coupler made of higher alcohol. Stability is impaired by acids and salts. In addition, when water 10 is mixed with mineral oil 1, odor generation due to the growth of microorganisms and bacteria and troubles in oil transfer occur, and especially after processing, separation of these mixed chemical agents as well as separation of oil and water. Removal results in enormous processing costs.

Thus, in the present invention, the water 10 is mixed with the mineral oil 1 at a ratio of approximately 30 to 70% by volume, and the radiation tanks 20A, 20B, 20C in the coolant tanks 2A, 2B, 2C and the coolant tank 20 respectively. By making ultrasonic radiation through the inside or separately storing the ultrasonic radiation with a radiation frequency of 20 to 50 KHz and a radiation intensity of 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm ² , the radiation is mineral oil 1 By making the mixture of water and water 10 perpendicular to the two-liquid phase interface from the upper surface, the lower surface, or both upper and lower surfaces, fine droplets are formed by the generation of the cavity wave and the breaking of the waves at the phase interface. Dispersion emulsification in which the fine droplets are remarkably miniaturized and densified by cavitation on the solid surface by contact with the ultrasonic vibration surface is performed.

In this case, the size of the bubbles or droplets varies depending on the viscosity and radiation frequency of the mineral oil 1, but is approximately 10 to 50 μm when the viscosity of the mineral oil 1 is 6 centipoise and the radiation frequency is 20 to 50 KHz. However, when the radiation frequency is 100 to 300 KHz, the dispersion becomes extremely fine, approximately 0.1 to 0.3 μm, and the dispersion mixing is also good. In such a dispersed and mixed state, dripping or oiling is applied to a processing site such as cutting, grinding, or drilling, so that lubricity, cooling, penetrability, or flushing can be sufficiently exerted, and the radiation frequency is 500 to 500. Rust prevention by recombining the cut paraffin into a higher paraffin, etc. by direct action, chemical reaction or exothermic action by radiating ultrasonic radiation with a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² at 2,000 KHz And boundary lubrication or extreme pressure lubricity are also created. As a matter of course, a separate oscillation circuit having a desired radiation frequency and radiation intensity is provided for low-frequency ultrasonic radiation, medium-frequency ultrasonic radiation, or high-frequency ultrasonic radiation.

The viscosity reduction test results in the present invention will be described below. The mineral oil used in the test was composed mainly of paraffin hydrocarbons and the kinematic viscosity (mm ² / s 40 ° C.) was 9,800.
In the low viscosity test, a stainless steel plate material was used to create a coolant tank with an internal volume of 1 liter in a vertical, horizontal, and height of 10 liters. Ferrite magnetostrictive vibrators were arranged on the bottom and top surfaces of the coolant tank, and the ultrasonic radiation frequency was adjusted. The results of measuring the change in kinematic viscosity over time after radiating at 20 KHz and 29.5 KHz, and their radiation intensity at 1 W / cm ^{2 and} 3 W / cm ² are as shown in the following table. With radiant intensity, a reduction in viscosity can be formed in a very short time.

  A mineral oil having a desired viscosity is stored in a coolant tank, and a mineral oil having a desired viscosity can be formed by selecting a radiation frequency, a radiation intensity, and a radiation time.

  It is a layout figure of the manufacturing method of the present invention.   It is explanatory drawing of the ultrasonic radiation of a coolant tank.   It is a plane explanatory view of a division coolant tank.

1 Mineral oil 1A Metal worm 1B Processing tool 2 Coolant tank 2A Low frequency ultrasonic radiation coolant tank 2B Medium frequency ultrasonic radiation coolant tank 2C High frequency ultrasonic radiation coolant tank 3A Low frequency ultrasonic oscillator 3B Medium frequency ultrasonic oscillator 3C High frequency ultrasonic oscillator 4A Bottom low frequency ultrasonic oscillator 4B Bottom middle frequency ultrasonic oscillator 4C Bottom high frequency ultrasonic oscillator 5A First transfer pump 5B Second transfer pump 6 Supply pump 7 Water-insoluble cutting fluid 8 Water-soluble cutting fluid 10 Water 20 Compartment coolant tank 20A Low frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20B Medium frequency ultrasonic radiation section 20C High frequency ultrasonic radiation section

Claims (3)

Mineral oil having a viscosity of at least 200 centipoise is stored in a coolant tank having a required volume, its radiation frequency is a low frequency of 20 to 50 KHz, its radiation intensity is 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm ² , and its radiation A paraffin hydrocarbon bond is produced by radiating ultrasonic waves having a medium frequency of 100 to 300 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 / cm ² from the upper surface, the lower surface or the upper and lower surfaces, and strong cavitation and dense and gentle cavitation. A water-insoluble cutting fluid obtained by cutting a chain to reduce the viscosity to a stable viscosity of about 8 to 1,000 centipoise and maintaining excellent lubricity, permeability, flushing and antibacterial properties. A water-insoluble cutting fluid that has low frequency and medium frequency ultrasonic radiation in mineral oil and has a low viscosity, a radiation frequency of 500 to 2,000 KHz, and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ^2. The water-insoluble cutting fluid according to claim 1, wherein the high-melting point lubricating property, boundary lubricating property and surface protecting property are imparted by radiating the ultrasonic wave. Water is mixed with mineral oil of appropriate viscosity at a rate of 30 to 70% by volume and stored in a coolant tank of the required volume, the radiation frequency is a low frequency of 20 to 50 KHz, and the radiation intensity is 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm. ² and an ultrasonic wave having a radiation frequency of 100 to 300 KHz and a radiation intensity of 20 to 120 W / cm ² is radiated from the upper surface, the lower surface or the upper and lower surfaces to generate a cavity wave at the two-liquid phase interface. In addition, droplets are generated by the breakage, and are brought into contact with the ultrasonic vibration surface and atomized by cavitation on the solid surface, so that the mineral oil and water are dispersed and emulsified in a short time, and the permeability and the required viscosity are reduced. A water-soluble cutting fluid that retains cooling and extreme pressure lubricity.

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