JP2019527264A - Industrial fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

An industrial fluid is disclosed. The fluid includes an oily component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant. Substantially all of the surfactant is bound within the micelles of the oily component. As a result, there is substantially no unbound surfactant in the fluid. Industrial fluids are also substantially free of insoluble antifoams or antifoam compounds. [Selection figure] None

Description

  The present invention relates to an industrial fluid, and in particular, to an industrial fluid containing an oily component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant.

  Industrial fluids find many uses in the industry, such as lubricating fluids, coolants, and fuels. These include, for example, powering vehicles, cooling drilling rigs, lubricating automobile engines and gearboxes, submarine machinery, wind turbines, generators, and material processing (cutting, grinding, to name a few examples) , Rolling). Each of these industrial fluids has a common basic composition of an oily component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component to form an emulsion. Such oily components are generally derived from a hydrocarbon source, such as from refining crude oil or shale oil, or from esterification.

  Inclusion of an aqueous component in an oily base, or vice versa, involves the use of emulsifiers to make an emulsion because such aqueous and oily materials are inherently immiscible. Examples of industrial fluids that include aqueous emulsions include metalworking fluids and other aqueous fluids. In order to emulsify the aqueous and oily components, a surfactant is generally used and sufficient surfactant is included to ensure that the emulsion is completely formed. Ideally, the immiscible components should not remain and the emulsion should be stable so that the individual components do not separate during storage or use. However, if too much surfactant is used, it can result in foaming of the emulsified mixture immediately after mixing or upon use. To reduce the likelihood of this occurring, antifoaming agents or antifoam compounds are also included in the industrial fluid to prevent foam formation due to surfactants or reduce the amount of foam. . This combination results in a stable emulsion with a reduced tendency to foam.

  However, it would be advantageous if the industrial fluid could be made as a complete and stable emulsion without the use of antifoams or excess surfactant.

  The present invention, in a first aspect, aims to address this need by providing an oil component; an aqueous component; and a surfactant, wherein the oil component and the surfactant are Forming micelles, wherein the surfactant is bound within the micelle such that there is substantially no unbound surfactant in the industrial fluid, and wherein when used, the industrial The working fluid is undiluted, diluted with a diluent, or used as an additive to the carrier fluid.

  In another aspect, the invention provides: forming a first fluid comprising a surfactant; forming a second fluid comprising an oily compound; subjecting the first fluid and the second fluid to shear To produce an intermediate fluid; and mixing the aqueous fluid and the intermediate fluid under laminar flow to create an industrial fluid.

  In yet a further aspect, the present invention provides an industrial fluid made using such a method.

  The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to exemplary embodiments. Embodiments of the present invention take an approach where the industrial fluid may include an oily component and an aqueous component. Oily components such as mineral oil and base oil stock can be emulsified with an aqueous component such as water, so long as there is a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component. Such aqueous emulsions are used in a variety of applications including lubrication and metalworking. These emulsions may be used undiluted or diluted with a diluent such as water. As another option, the emulsion may be used as an additive to impart various properties when mixed with a carrier fluid. The carrier fluid can be selected from lubricating fluids including emulsions, energy dissipating, or energy generating fluids such that the industrial fluids described above are additives to these fluids. . However, substantially no unbound surfactant is present in the above industrial fluids by forming a micelle structure and substantially all of the surfactant is bound within the micelle structure. This eliminates the need to use insoluble antifoams and / or antifoam compounds to counteract foaming due to excess surfactant, thereby allowing industrial fluids to defoam or foam. Substantially free of inhibitor compounds. This is also true when industrial fluids are used as additives to emulsions or other carrier fluids. In addition, industrial fluids may have no tendency to increase foaming behavior and / or have a tendency to reduce any foaming of the carrier fluid.

  A micelle is a collection of surfactant molecules dispersed in a colloid, where particles of a first substance are suspended in a second substance to form a two-phase system. Unlike in solution, the first material is insoluble or immiscible in the second material, resulting in an emulsion. In aqueous solution, micelles form aggregates with the hydrophobic tail of the surfactant molecules facing inward and the hydrophilic head of the surfactant molecules facing outward. This forms forward micelles, resulting in an oil-in-water mixture. Reverse micelles have the opposite structure, in which the hydrophilic head of the surfactant molecule faces inward and the hydrophobic tail faces outward. This results in a water-in-oil mixture. The loading behavior of the surfactant molecules results in a single layer of surfactant molecules around the micelle core, which generally forms spheres according to the surface energy concept.

  Additional layers of surfactant can be filled around the outside of the micelle. This is true when additional surfactant is added to the mixture, as in the present invention. For example, when a shear force is applied to an oily component, this causes an elongation of the oily component molecule. This elongation tends to flatten the molecule and form a layered structure, thus increasing the surface area that any surfactant can attract. Combined with the laminar flow around the molecules of the aqueous fluid (a dispersion of surfactant in water), the surfactant loading increases from ≦ 1/3 to> 1/2. When the shear force is removed, the molecules naturally form spherical micelles, according to surface energy considerations, as long as the structure of the surfactant does not make the minimum surface energy configuration of the micelles layered or cylindrical. For example, a zwitterionic surfactant, sometimes referred to as a dimeric surfactant, has two hydrophobic tails that transform the micelle core into an elongated egg shape. When the shearing force is removed, the surfactant loading decreases and returns to １ ／, whereby any additional surfactant attracted to the temporary layered molecule is micellar. Form an additional layer of surfactant around. However, in the case of forward micelles, the even layer sequence of surfactant molecules is in contact with the hydrophilic head of the outermost layer of surfactant molecules, with the hydrophobic tail pointing outwards. Therefore, only odd layers are formed. The reverse is true for reverse micelles. Thus, in any case, the micelles are 1, 3, 5, 7,. . . It will have n = 2k + 1 surfactant layers. This also results in substantially no free form of free surfactant present in the emulsion, since the surfactant is combined in these micelles as multiple layers. Accordingly, there is substantially no unbound surfactant in the fluid. The more surfactant added to the emulsion, the greater the number of surfactant layers in the micelle. The surfactant may comprise at least one ionic surfactant, at least one nonionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant since the use of ionic surfactants can affect the corrosion prevention behavior of industrial fluids. However, there are situations where ionic surfactants can be beneficial. Thus, the primary surfactant component in the surfactant layer may be a nonionic surfactant, but other ionic surfactants may be present in the layer, which This is because various advantages are obtained in terms of adjusting the performance of the surfactant.

  Embodiments of industrial fluids according to the present invention may be used undiluted, diluted, or as additives to carrier fluids. When used undiluted, the industrial fluid may be taken directly from the manufacturing process and used as an undiluted emulsion. As another option, it may be desirable to dilute the industrial fluid with an amount of water, thereby reducing the viscosity of the emulsion. In industrial fluids used for lubrication and metalworking applications, water is used as a diluent. An additive fluid is one that is added to a carrier fluid such as another emulsion having lubricating properties. In this situation, the carrier fluid has some viscosity and may also contain an antifoam or antifoam compound that may be soluble or insoluble in the emulsion. In order for an industrial fluid to work well as an additive, it is important that it does not show any foaming behavior worse than the original emulsion, otherwise the performance of the carrier fluid and industrial fluid mixture An additional anti-foaming compound or antifoam compound is required to ensure In this situation, embodiments of the present invention are very useful because the contained surfactant is bound within the micelles of the oily component in the aqueous component. This dilution step may be performed more than once, effectively creating a series of fluids with industrial fluids diluted one after the other to create a specific performance behavior. For example, it may be desirable to take an amount of an industrial fluid and dilute it with water for the purpose of creating an application-specific lubricating fluid having a known surfactant behavior and viscosity. In this situation, industrial fluids can be used to improve viscosity and / or reduce foaming behavior.

  By using the method of the present invention to produce an industrial fluid, it becomes possible to emulsify a highly viscous substance into a stable emulsion. When using existing technology, it is difficult to emulsify a fluid having a viscosity higher than about 100-150 cSt at 40 ° C. Using the method of the present invention, it is possible to emulsify a fluid having a viscosity of 8000 to 12000 cSt at 40 ° C. The actual limit depends on the temperature of the various ingredients during emulsification. For example, emulsification of such viscosity may require heating the ingredients to about 90 ° C.

  By adjusting the properties of the surfactant, it is not necessary to add any antifoam or antifoam compound to the industrial fluid. Antifoaming compounds and antifoaming compounds are substances whose main action is to defoam (cancel any foam generated by industrial fluids) and are available in various forms . A class of compounds commonly used with lubricants or metalworking fluids are compounds having a silicon component. These compounds are also commonly insoluble in fluids used to form industrial fluids or dilute industrial fluids, and are generally insoluble in water. Thus, although they are useful in reducing foaming when using industrial fluids, the ingredients themselves can create insolubility problems in the final emulsion. Although the above description is based on an oil-in-water emulsion, the same idea applies to the situation of the opposite water-in-oil emulsion. In either case, the oily component may comprise a single component, a group of components, or a fully prepared fluid.

  Thus, the advantage of efficient loading of the surfactant on the micelle surface is the industry where virtually all of the surfactant in the fluid is bound within the micelle structure, regardless of the number of surfactant molecular layers. It is possible to realize a working fluid. The use of micellar structures in industrial fluids and some of their benefits are described in more detail below.

  Industrial fluids generally include oily components, ie, substances that are essentially oily, oil-based, or oil-containing. Taking an example of a lubricating fluid, these oily components may be referred to as a lubricating composition. The lubricating composition may be a fully prepared lubricant or may be a blend of components, at least one of which has lubricating properties. Fully prepared lubricants are generally based on a lubricating base oil stock. Many different lubricating base oils are known, including synthetic oils, natural oils, or a mixture of both, and these may be used in either a refined or unrefined state (with or without at least one refining step). Natural oils include paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffin-naphthenic mineral oils, depending on the nature of the source. Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils (eg, olefins such as polybutylene and polypropylene) and polyalphaolefins (PAO). Base stock categories are defined by the American Petroleum Institute (API Publication 1509), which provides a set of guidelines for all lubricant base oils. These are shown in Table 1.

Group II and / or Group III base oils such as hydrocracked and hydrotreated base oils, as well as synthetic oils such as polyalphaolefins, alkyl aromatics, and synthetic esters are known base oils. Group III base stocks tend to be highly paraffinic with a degree of saturation greater than 90%, a viscosity index greater than 125, a low aromatic content (less than 3%), and an aniline point of at least 118. Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins such as polybutylene, polypropylene, propylene isobutylene copolymers, and ethylene alpha olefin copolymers. PAO (polyalphaolefin) are _generally derived from _{C 6, C 8, C 10} , C 12, C 14, and _{C 16} olefins or mixtures thereof. Such PAOs generally have a viscosity index greater than 135. PAO can be produced by catalytic oligomerization (polymerization to a low molecular weight product) of a linear α-olefin (otherwise referred to as LAO) monomer. This leads to the presence of two substances, PAO and HVI-PAO (high viscosity index PAO), where PAO is formed in the presence of a catalyst such as AlCl ₃ or BF ₃ and HVI-PAO is Friedel- It is formed using a crafts catalyst or a reduced chromium catalyst.

  Esters, including synthetic esters, as well as GTL (gas to liquid) materials, especially those derived from hydrocarbon sources, form useful base stocks. For example, esters of monoalcohols and dibasic acids, or polyol esters of monocarboxylic acids may be useful. Such esters should generally have a viscosity of less than 10000 cSt at −35 ° C. according to ASTM D5293. However, the actual selection of a suitable lubricating composition will depend on the end use of the industrial fluid. For example, some metalworking applications are based on combinations of mineral oils and / or esters, and some automotive applications are based on Group III, IV, or V oils. Industrial fluids according to embodiments of the present invention can also be used as an additive to synthetic lubricants that do not have emulsified components. This is because the components of synthetic lubricant products, including mixed amine and carboxylic acid salts, and ethylene / propylene oxide block copolymers are water soluble. Examples of these include Syntilo 9913 and Syntilo 81BF, which are available from Castrol Limited.

  A suitable method of forming micellar structures for use in industrial fluids is to mix oily and aqueous materials under shear forces and laminar flow to make either oil-in-water or water-in-oil fluids. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0201785 for this device. The basis of this method is as follows: a first fluid containing an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a second fluid containing an oily compound are mixed under shear to produce an intermediate fluid. This intermediate fluid is in the form of a colloidal emulsion, has a viscosity greater than either the first or second fluid, and can be free-flowing or gelled. The intermediate fluid includes either an oily fluid micelle in an aqueous emulsion or an aqueous fluid micelle in an oily emulsion. Both the first fluid and the second fluid are added to the chamber, where a stirrer is used to mix these two fluids together under shear forces by rotating at a rotational speed of 1200-1600 rpm. . The shape of the chamber and the size of the stirrer are selected to ensure that there is no turbulence in the area around the wall of the chamber. Thus, for example, while an oily molecule is under shear, an aqueous suspension of surfactant can flow around this region of the chamber, creating a laminar flow. It is also possible to add a third fluid to the intermediate fluid under laminar flow, for example to increase the water content of the aqueous fluid in order to reduce the viscosity of the resulting industrial fluid.

  Without being bound by theory, it is now understood that, as noted above, substantially all of the surfactant is bound in the micelle structure as a result of shear mixing. . That is, substantially all of the surfactant molecules form at least one layer over the entire surface of the micelle core, which can be aqueous or oily as required. There is substantially no unbound surfactant in industrial fluids, where unbound surfactant is a single component without being part of an oily / aqueous or aqueous / oily micelle. Characterized as free surfactant molecules in industrial fluids that are detectable by In practice, substantially all of the surfactant is bound within the micelle structure, resulting in the fluid being nominally free of excess surfactant. This also results in the industrial fluid being substantially free of antifoams or antifoam compounds, since they are no longer necessary to offset any foaming of the oily / aqueous emulsion. It is. The point at which the industrial fluid is nominally free of excess surfactant can be determined by measuring the surface tension of the emulsion. When the critical micelle concentration is reached and no more surfactant molecules are contained in the surface layer, the surface tension of the emulsion exhibits a discontinuity. This can be detected by surface tension measurement techniques known to those skilled in the art. Other techniques for identifying this point include NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) techniques and optical scattering techniques. These include those found in MA Jones-Smith et al, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 310 (2007) 590-598. In addition to these tests, not only the identification of the amount of foam when using the fluid, but also a simple agitation test shows whether the fluid will foam, which can vibrate the container holding the fluid. This is because substantially no bubbles should be generated.

  Other additives to improve the performance of the industrial fluid or other components of the industrial fluid may be added at this point. One category of industrial fluids is a lubricating fluid, or a metalworking fluid that is an exemplary form thereof. This will be discussed in more detail below.

  In certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of making industrial fluids using the methods described above, and industrial fluids made using the process. The following examples relate to, but are not limited to, industrial fluids used in metalworking processes.

Metalworking fluids are used in destructive metalworking processes (a process in which small pieces such as milling are produced) or deformed metalworking processes (a process in which a material is deformed or shaped such that no pieces are produced such as steel rolling) Lubricant. Metalworking fluids are prepared for either the specific type of metal for which it is used (such as steel) and the process in which it is used (such as wire drawing). Typical metalworking fluid compositions suitable for destructive processes (milling) are the following exemplary compositions:
10-50% by weight of the lubricating composition;
3.0 to 8.0 wt% surfactant;
5.0 to 10 wt% corrosion inhibitor;
0-1.0% by weight of yellow metal;
0-8.0 wt% ester; and remaining water
Is characterized by

In this example, an industrial fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention may include all of the above elements except water to make an emulsion that requires water to dilute in use, or an industrial fluid may be It may be made as a final emulsion and used in undiluted form. Suitable surfactants, _C 16 _{-C 18} fatty alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated range is 0-9 mole (fatty alcohol polyglycol _ether); C 16 _{-C 18} fatty alcohol ethoxylates and propoxylates; ethoxylated C ₆ / C ₈ / C _16-18 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid with a range of 2-9 mol; alkyl ether ethoxylate monophosphate with an alkyl chain C ₁₈ and an ethoxylation range of 2-5 mol; Examples include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated olein having a conversion range of 6/9 moles; and polyethylene glycol esters of C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ fatty acids. As stated above, various surfactant combinations may be particularly advantageous.

Suitable corrosion inhibitors include amines / alkali salts of short chain monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and tricarboxylic acids, short chain acidic phosphate esters including alkoxylated esters, semisuccinic acid half esters, amide-carboxylates, fatty acids Examples include, but are not limited to, amides, and amines and alkali sulfonates, or derivatives thereof. Examples of the yellow metal include benzotriazole or a derivative thereof, and toltriazole or a derivative thereof. Suitable esters include C _{8-C1 8} fatty TMP (trimethylolpropane) mono-, di-, and tri-esters, glycol esters of predominantly oleyl fatty acid, methyl or isopropyl esters or triglycerides of predominantly oleyl fatty, natural, such as rapeseed oil Examples include, but are not limited to, triglycerides and modified natural oils such as blown rapeseed oil. Biocides (typically amine compounds) may also be included if required. These include formaldehyde release agents including ortho-formal, hexahydratriazine and derivatives, methylene bis morpholene, oxazoladine and derivatives, isothiazolinones and derivatives, and iodopropylbutylcarbamate killers. Examples include, but are not limited to, fungal agents.

  Other additives used in other lubricant systems and other suitable examples of the materials listed above will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

  In the present invention, the method and apparatus disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0201785, which is available in Europe under the name “NanoCon” from Clariant AG, is conventional when applied in the field of industrial fluids. It has been recognized that it offers many advantages compared to the emulsification method. This is especially true for water miscible fluids such as those used in metalworking.

  In order to test whether ensuring that substantially all of the surfactant is bound within the micelle structure actually reduces foaming of the industrial fluid, NanoGel, a commercially available submicron emulsion. A sample of CCT (available from Clariant Product (Germany) GmbH) was examined. NanoGel CCT includes caprylic / capric triglyceride, water, glycerin, Laureth-23, sodium cocoylethylenediamine PEG-15 sulfate, sodium lauroyl lactate, behenyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, and glyceryl stearate. The oily component is contained in micelles each having three surface layers of surfactant that occupy substantially all of the surfactant in the emulsion. Sample 1 contained 10 wt% NanoGel CCT and 90 wt% water, and Sample 2 contained 5 wt% NanoGel CCT and 95 wt% water. These were evaluated against Control Sample 1 containing 10% by weight Alusol 41BF metalworking lubricant (available from Castrol Limited) and 90% by weight water.

  From initial inspection of Sample 1 and Sample 2, it was found that substantially no foaming was observed when NanoGel CCT was mixed with water. These samples were then subjected to several tests to identify their overall suitability for use with industrial fluids.

Tapping torque A tapping torque test according to ASTM 5619-00 (2011) was performed, and Sample 1, Sample 2, and Control Sample 1 were compared. This test identifies the amount of torque required to form a thread in a hole previously drilled in an aluminum alloy (AlZnMgCu0.5). The results are as shown in Table 2. The performance of the control sample 1 is defined as a figure of merit.

  As can be seen, the inclusion of 5 wt% NanoGel CCT in the water results in a slight reduction in torque compared to the control sample. However, when 10% by weight is included in water, the torque is greatly reduced as compared with the control sample.

Corrosion Prevention Sample 1's ability to prevent corrosion was also examined after measuring the pH of the emulsion to be approximately pH 5 (slightly acidic). A standard corrosion protection test (cast iron pieces were immersed in sample 2 and then evaluated for stain on the filter paper by cast iron pieces according to DIN 51360 (part 2)) was performed. Upon soaking, the cast iron pieces started to corrode, but after approximately 15 minutes, the corrosion process became very slow and a certain degree of corrosion protection was obtained. To identify whether this was a chemical (composition) process or a physical (micelle) process in NanoGel CCT, the components of NanoGel CCT were mixed as control sample 2 and the test was repeated. Interestingly, the corrosion process continued normally throughout the immersion of the cast iron pieces, which indicated that the nanogel CCT micelle structure was improved compared to not using the physical micelle structure in the emulsion. This suggests that corrosion protection has been imparted.

  The above examples include the use of forward micelles, ie, the surfactant forms a surface layer with the hydrophilic head of surfactant molecules facing outwards to form an oil-in-water mixture (oil component) Is emulsified in the aqueous component). However, it may be desirable to use a reverse micelle structure that forms a water-in-oil mixture (the aqueous component is emulsified in the oily component).

  As outlined above, one additional advantage of using a micelle structure in an industrial fluid is that a precise range of micelle sizes can be achieved. The distribution of the average diameter of micelles follows a Gaussian distribution where the average is μ and the standard deviation is σ. This is particularly advantageous when the standard deviation σ is 0.2 μm or less. For example, in the case of an average micelle diameter of 0.3 μm, the standard deviation of the average micelle diameter is 0.06 μm or less. The average micelle diameter is the average of the various diameter measurements obtained for the micelle, which in the case of a spherical micelle is approximately equal to the diameter of the micelle (regardless of where the measurement was made, Because there is little or no variation). Preferably, the average micelle diameter is ≦ 0.3 μm. Suitable measurement techniques for identifying both the average micelle diameter and the average micelle diameter distribution include optical measurement techniques such as laser particle size analysis using a Beckman Coulter laser diffraction PS analyzer (LS 13 320), and flow. Examples include, but are not limited to, cytometry techniques. The advantage of a narrow average micelle diameter range is that the industrial fluid can completely cover the surface. In the case of a fluid having a wide average micelle diameter range, the fluid coating on the entire surface is indefinite. This is due to regions having different volumes of fluid on the same surface area. However, if the average micelle diameter is within a narrow range, the surface coating is much more efficient and extensive because regions of equal surface area will have approximately equal volumes of fluid thereon. This leads to more uniform wear and improved surface / interface protection.

  The viscosity index (VI) of various base oil stocks is shown in Table 1 above. However, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil stock also affects whether the oil can be emulsified to make an aqueous emulsion. In general, oils suitable for use in the industrial fluids described above have a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 20 cst or less. However, oils with higher kinematic viscosities, for example kinematic viscosities up to 100 cst at 40 ° C. may be used.

  The formation of lubricating fluids using micelles in oily and aqueous emulsions finds use in many applications. For example, in addition to the metalworking fluids described above, such fluids may be used in automotive applications (including but not limited to engine or gearbox / drivetrain lubrication), industrial processes (gear lubrication, Cutting applications, including but not limited to power generation and machine lubrication), or can be used for offshore or undersea processes (drilling and cutting tool lubrication). While the above examples illustrate certain categories of industrial fluids, other categories may be based on the emulsion / colloid systems described above. Industrial fluids include lubricating fluids, energy dissipating fluids, energy generating fluids, or energy transfer fluids, and additives thereof. Energy dissipating fluids can include cooling fluids (such as drilling fluids and industrial coolants used in seabed and land applications), and energy generating fluids include fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. However, it is not limited thereto. Examples of the energy transfer fluid include a hydraulic fluid and a transformer fluid. Furthermore, industrial fluids can also be used as additives to any of these fluids, just as the additives are included in automotive lubricants and fuels. Such additives improve the performance, life, or action of such fluids.

  Various embodiments and other examples of industrial fluids will be apparent to one skilled in the art based on the accompanying claims.

Claims (26)

Industrial fluids:
Oily ingredients;
An aqueous component; and a surfactant;
Wherein either the oily component or the aqueous component forms micelles with the surfactant;
The surfactant is bound in the micelle so that there is substantially no unbound surfactant in the industrial fluid, and when used, the industrial fluid is undiluted. An industrial fluid that is, diluted with a diluent, or as an additive to a carrier fluid.   The industrial fluid of claim 1, wherein the industrial fluid does not comprise an insoluble antifoam and an antifoaming compound.   The industrial fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average diameter of the micelles follows a Gaussian distribution having an average µ, and the standard deviation σ is 0.2 µ or less.   The industrial fluid according to claim 1, wherein the average diameter of the micelle is ≦ 0.3 μm.   The industrial fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the micelle is a forward micelle, and the oil component forms the center of the micelle.   The industrial fluid of claim 5, wherein the surface comprises at least one surfactant monomer layer.   The industrial fluid according to claim 1, wherein a structure of the surfactant determines a structure of the micelle.   The industrial fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the micelle is a reverse micelle, and at least a part of the aqueous component forms a center of the micelle.   The industrial fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the industrial fluid is selected from a lubricating fluid, an energy dissipating fluid, an energy generating fluid, or an energy transfer fluid.   The industrial fluid according to claim 9, wherein the industrial fluid is a lubricating fluid, and the oil component includes a lubricating composition.   The industrial fluid of claim 10, wherein the lubricating composition is a Group I, II, II, IV, or V base oil.   The industrial fluid of claim 10, wherein the lubricating composition comprises a mixture of components, and at least one of the components has lubricating properties.   The industrial fluid of claim 9, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one ionic surfactant, at least one nonionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof.   The industrial fluid according to claim 1, wherein the industrial fluid is used in a destructive metal working process.   The industrial fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the industrial fluid is used in a deformed metal processing process.   The industrial fluid according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the industrial fluid is used for automobile applications.   The industrial fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the industrial fluid is used in an industrial process, a marine process, or a submarine process.   The industrial fluid of claim 9, wherein the industrial fluid is an energy dissipating fluid.   The industrial fluid of claim 9, wherein the industrial fluid is an energy generating fluid.   The industrial fluid of claim 19, wherein the industrial fluid is a fuel.   The industrial fluid of claim 9, wherein the industrial fluid is an energy transfer fluid.   The industrial fluid of claim 9, wherein the industrial fluid is an additive to a group of carrier fluids including a lubricating fluid, an energy dissipating fluid, or an energy generating fluid.   The industrial fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the diluent is water. Forming a first fluid comprising a surfactant;
Forming a second fluid comprising an oily compound;
Mixing the first fluid and the second fluid under shear force to produce an intermediate fluid; and mixing the aqueous fluid and the intermediate fluid under laminar flow to produce an industrial fluid A method of forming an industrial fluid.   A method for producing an industrial fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 23 using the method according to claim 24.   25. An industrial fluid made using the method of claim 24.