JP2012075779A - Endoscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an endoscope that changes the view direction during imaging in a wider range without causing an increase in size of the device.SOLUTION: The endoscope includes: an imaging unit 12 for capturing a subject image; an holder 11 for use in imaging for holding the imaging unit; two pairs of driving force transmission mechanisms 21X and 21Y, each including a pair of driving rods 22 and 23 whose distal ends relative to the holder are connected at the diagonal positions to each other; a driving device 51 that is disposed at the proximal ends of the driving rods, and advances and retracts at least one (e.g., the driving rod 22) of the driving rods in each driving force transmission mechanism; and cover members 4, 5 and 6 that are extended from a base member 53 of the driving device and cover at least part of the imaging unit, the holder and the driving force transmission mechanisms, wherein the imaging unit is configured to rotate around two distinct axes by advancing and retracting movement of the driving rods.

Description

  The present invention relates to an endoscope that images an inside of a subject that cannot be directly observed from the outside, and more particularly, to an endoscope that can change a visual field direction during imaging.

  Conventionally, in a rigid endoscope having a highly rigid insertion portion, when changing the visual field direction during imaging (observation), the entire insertion portion is displaced inside the subject, or a plurality of insertion portions having different visual field directions are previously provided. It is necessary to prepare and replace as needed.

  On the other hand, a technique is known that makes it easy to change the viewing direction at the time of imaging by providing a freely operable curved portion at the distal end of the insertion portion to which the solid-state imaging device is attached (see Patent Document 1). .

  In addition, the solid-state imaging device housed at the distal end of the insertion portion is held so as to be rotatable around a predetermined axis, and the solid-state imaging device is inserted via a wire or a rod inserted from the driving device (operation portion) into the insertion portion. A technique is known that allows the viewing direction to be changed during imaging without turning the insertion portion (that is, without requiring a surrounding space) by turning (see Patent Documents 2 and 3). ).

JP 2005-342010 A JP-A-7-327916 JP 2006-95137 A

  However, although the prior art described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 can change the visual field direction during imaging, the visual field direction can be changed within the rotation range of the solid-state imaging device around one fixed axis. There was a problem of being restricted. In this case, it is conceivable to change the visual field direction in a wider range by rotating the solid-state imaging device around two axes (that is, increasing the rotation axis). The dynamic radius becomes large, leading to an increase in the size of the device (that is, an increase in the diameter of the insertion portion) and a problem that the device configuration becomes extremely complicated.

  The present invention has been devised in view of such problems of the prior art, and it is possible to change the viewing direction at the time of imaging without increasing the size of the apparatus (that is, increasing the diameter of the insertion portion). The main purpose is to provide an endoscope that can be implemented in a range.

  An endoscope according to the present invention includes an imaging unit that captures a subject image, an imaging holder that holds the imaging unit, and a pair of drive rods whose distal ends are connected to each other at diagonal positions with respect to the imaging holder. Two drive force transmission mechanisms each including a drive device, a drive device that is disposed on the proximal end side of the drive rod, and that drives at least one of the drive rods in each of the drive force transmission mechanisms, and a base of the drive device A cover member that extends from the member and covers at least a part of the imaging unit, the imaging holder, and the driving force transmission mechanism, and the imaging unit has two different axes around each other by advancing and retreating movement of the driving rod It is characterized by rotating.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since the imaging unit can be rotated around two axes without requiring a large space, the apparatus is increased in size (that is, the cover portion forming the insertion portion is increased in diameter). ), It is possible to change the visual field direction at the time of imaging in a wider range.

Side view of endoscope 1 according to the embodiment The disassembled perspective view of the outer shell of the insertion part 3 which concerns on embodiment Sectional drawing of endoscope 1 concerning an embodiment The principal part perspective view inside the insertion part 3 which concerns on embodiment Exploded perspective view around the imaging unit 12 according to the embodiment An exploded perspective view of the driving force transmission mechanism 21 according to the embodiment. The perspective view of the drive device 51 built in the main-body part 2 which concerns on embodiment. The principal part side view which shows operation | movement of the driving force transmission mechanism 21 which concerns on embodiment. The schematic diagram which shows the operation | movement method of the driving force transmission mechanism 21 which concerns on embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the folding method of the flexible cable 16 which connects the solid-state image sensor 14 and its drive substrate 17 which concern on embodiment. The schematic diagram which shows the positional relationship of the drive board | substrate 17 and the drive rods 22 and 23 of the solid-state image sensor 14 which concerns on embodiment. The block diagram which shows the structure of the control system of the drive device 51 which concerns on embodiment. Timing chart showing an example of the operation of the drive device 51 according to the embodiment

  A first invention made to solve the above-described problem is an imaging unit that captures a subject image, an imaging holder that holds the imaging unit, and a distal end side of the imaging holder that is connected to diagonal positions. Two systems of driving force transmission mechanisms each including a pair of driving rods, and a driving device that is disposed on the base end side of the driving rods and that drives at least one driving rod in each of the driving force transmission mechanisms to advance and retreat And a cover member that extends from the base member of the drive device and covers at least a part of the imaging unit, the imaging holder, and the driving force transmission mechanism, and the imaging unit advances and retracts the driving rod It is characterized by rotating around two different axes by movement.

  According to this, since the imaging unit can be rotated about two axes without requiring a large space, the viewing direction can be changed in a wider range without taking up the size of the apparatus. Is possible.

  The second invention further includes a support shaft extending from the base member side toward the imaging unit, and a relay holder attached to the support shaft and supporting an intermediate portion of the drive rod. It is set as the structure provided.

  According to this, since the forward / backward movement of the drive rod is guided by the relay holder, the imaging unit can be stably rotated around two axes in a small space regardless of the length of the drive rod.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the relay holder is attached to the support shaft so as to be tiltable.

  According to this, it becomes possible to make the drive rod function as a link mechanism for interlocking the relay holder and the imaging holder, and the imaging unit can be rotated more stably around the two axes in a small space.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the relay holder is attached to the support shaft via a ball joint.

  According to this, the tilting operation of the relay holder can be realized easily and stably.

  In the fifth invention, the two axes are orthogonal to each other.

  According to this, the pan / tilt function can be easily realized at the time of imaging.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a hemispherical convex portion that transmits light from the subject is formed at the tip of the cover member, and the imaging holder is rotated when the imaging unit is rotated. The cover member is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the tip portion.

  According to this, since the rotation operation of the imaging holder is guided by the inner peripheral surface of the tip convex portion of the cover member, the imaging unit can be rotated more stably around the two axes in a small space.

  According to a seventh aspect of the invention, the imaging holder includes a plurality of ribs that are in sliding contact with the inner surface of the tip end portion of the cover member.

  According to this, the rotation operation can easily and stably realize the sliding operation of the imaging holder with respect to the inner surface of the front end portion of the cover member.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a side view of an endoscope 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an outer shell of an insertion portion 3.

  The endoscope 1 is a rigid endoscope used for medical use and industrial use, and mainly includes a main body portion 2 and an insertion portion 3 extending forward from the main body portion 2. The insertion portion 3 has a small diameter (for example, an outer diameter of 8 mm) and high rigidity that does not easily bend, and is inserted into a subject (for example, a patient's body) (not shown).

  The outer shell (cover member) of the insertion portion 3 defines a sealed internal space, and the metal protective tube 4 whose rear end (base end) side is fixed to the main body 2 and the front end of the protective tube 4 A cylindrical resin-made or glass-made intermediate cover 5 connected to the (tip) and a glass-made tip cover 6 connected to the front end of the intermediate cover 5 are configured. The front end cover 6 functions as an imaging window that transmits light. As shown in FIG. 2, the front end cover 6 is connected to the front end portion of the intermediate cover 5 and the front end side of the cylindrical portion 6a. It has a hemispherical tip convex portion 6b.

  3 is a cross-sectional view of the endoscope 1, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a main part inside the insertion portion 3, FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the periphery of the imaging unit 12, and FIG. 6 is a driving force transmission mechanism. FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the front end of the internal space of the insertion portion 3 is held by the imaging holder 11 so as to be rotatable about two axes (X axis and Y axis shown in FIG. 4). Thus, the imaging unit 12 that captures the subject image while changing the viewing direction is installed. The imaging unit 12 includes an objective lens system 13 composed of one or a plurality of optical lenses, and a solid-state imaging device 14 that is disposed at the rear part of the objective lens system 13 and forms an image of light from the lens on a light receiving surface. Here, it has a viewing angle of about 170 °. Note that, in the following, for the components related to the rotational movement around the two axes (X axis and Y axis) of the imaging unit 12, a suffix (X or Y) is added to the name or symbol of the component when distinguishing from each other. Shall be described. Here, in the solid-state imaging device 14, the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction correspond to the X axis and the Y axis, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the imaging holder 11 has a cylindrical main body into which the rear portion of the objective lens system 13 is inserted, and a solid-state imaging device 14 is attached to the rear side of the main body. As the solid-state imaging device 14, a well-known image sensor composed of a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) or the like can be used.

  The rear surface side of the solid-state imaging device 14 is joined and directly supported by the joint 15 of the flexible cable 16 by BGA (Ball Grid Array) connection. This joint 15 is used for transmitting and receiving various signals and supplying power. It is connected to a drive substrate 17 (see FIG. 3) via a flat flexible cable 16. The drive board 17 is provided with a voltage conversion circuit for a power source for driving the solid-state imaging device 14, a clock generation circuit, and the like. If the solid-state imaging device 14 is of a type that does not include an AD converter, the AD converter may be mounted on the drive substrate 17. The drive board 17 is positioned between the imaging unit 12 in the front-rear direction and a relay holder 42 described later, and is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate cover 5. A cable (not shown) for transmitting and receiving captured image data and the like is disposed between the drive substrate 17 and the image processing apparatus (not shown) on the main body 2 side.

  In addition, in the internal space of the insertion portion 3, two systems of driving force transmission mechanisms 21 </ b> X and 21 </ b> Y respectively provided for the biaxial rotation operation of the imaging unit 12 are installed. These two systems of driving force transmission mechanisms 21X and 21Y have the same configuration, and each includes a pair of first extending in the front-rear direction with the front ends connected to the imaging holder 11 at diagonal positions. A first driving rod 22 and a second driving rod 23 are provided.

  The first and second drive rods 22 and 23 are rod-shaped members made of so-called spring steel that can be bent, and are formed by being wound into a substantially annular shape (spiral) as shown in FIG. Front end portions 22a and 23a are also provided. As shown in FIG. 4, a ring member 26 made of spring steel, which is attached to the outer periphery of the main body of the imaging holder 11, is inserted into the openings of the front end portions 22 a and 23 a. The ring-shaped member 26 is in a state of being held with play in the openings of the front end portions 22a and 23a.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 5, four ribs 31 that are equally arranged in the circumferential direction are formed on the outer periphery of the main body of the imaging holder 11, and between the ribs 31, the first and first ribs 31 are arranged. Four support guide portions 32 that define the positions of the front end portions 22a and 23a of the two drive rods 22 and 23 are formed. A groove extending in the circumferential direction is formed in an intermediate portion of each rib 31 in the front-rear direction, and the ring member 26 is fitted in the groove. As shown in FIG. 5, the ring member 26 is formed of a circular metal ring having one cut portion 26a, and is inserted into the openings of the front end portions 22a and 23a of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23. In this case, both ends of the cutting part 26a can be separated by temporarily deforming the ring member 26.

  The support guide portion 32 is composed of a pair of guide pieces 32a arranged opposite to each other in the circumferential direction, and the ring member 26 is fitted into the intermediate portion in the front-rear direction of each guide piece 32a in the same manner as the ribs 31. Grooves are formed. Further, the front end portions 22a and 23a of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 are arranged in a space between the pair of guide pieces 32a, whereby the circumferential movement of the front end portions 22a and 23a is predetermined. It is limited within the range.

  Then, both ends of the cutting part 26a of the ring member 26 are separated from each other in advance, and the openings of the front end parts 22a and 23a (two each as shown in FIG. 6) are passed through the ring member 26, and an appropriate jig is used. The ring member 26 fits in the groove of the rib 31 and the support guide part 32 by positioning and moving it in the front-rear direction along the optical axis (the one-dot chain line in FIG. 5) and fitting it into the imaging holder 11. In addition, the front end portions 22a and 23a are accommodated between the guide pieces 32a of the support guide portion 32 in a state where there is play with respect to the ring member 26, thereby moving the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 forward and backward. When this happens, the imaging holder 11 is engaged so as to be displaceable accordingly.

  As another method for engaging the imaging holder 11 with the front end portions 22a and 23a of the first and second driving rods 22 and 23, the ring member 26 is previously fitted in the grooves of the rib 31 and the support guide portion 32. The ring member 26 is rotated in the circumferential direction of the imaging holder 11 with the cutting part 26a slightly separated, and when the separated part reaches the position of each guide piece 32a, each front end part is You may make it insert 22a and 23a in the position of the guide piece 32a. In this case, it is desirable that the ring member 26 is configured so that the cutting portion 26a is separated in an unloaded state, and the separation interval is at least equal to or larger than the diameters of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23. Is desirable.

  Further, in each driving force transmission mechanism 21, a front end portion 24 a of a metal motor connecting rod 24 extending in the front-rear direction shown in FIG. 4 is connected to a rear end portion 22 b forming a hook shape of the first driving rod 22. ing. The motor connecting rod 24 is movably inserted into a guide hole of a cylindrical guide member 35 fixedly supported by a support shaft 41 described later, and the rear end 24b reaches the main body 2 as shown in FIG. ing. Further, a front end portion 25a of a tension spring (elastic member) 25 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to a rear end portion 23b forming a hook shape of the second drive rod 23. The rear end portion 25 b of the tension spring 25 is fixed to the front surface of the guide member 35.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, each driving force transmission mechanism 21 has a proximal end fixed to the main body 2 and extends in the front-rear direction along the central axis of the insertion portion 3 from the main body 2 side. A support shaft 41 is provided. A hemispherical relay holder 42 that supports the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 is attached to the tip of the support shaft 41. A guide member 35 is fixed to an intermediate portion of the support shaft 41.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, a spherical ball member 43 is attached to the distal end portion 41 a of the support shaft 41, and the ball member 43 has a spherical shape provided in the rear portion or inside of the relay holder 42. A ball joint is configured by being slidably received in a receiving portion (not shown) having a sliding surface. Via this ball joint, the relay holder 42 is tiltably held at the tip of the support shaft 41. The maximum outer diameter of the relay holder 42 is set to be smaller than the inner diameter of the outer shell (here, the intermediate cover 5) of the insertion portion 3, and the relay holder 42 is outside the insertion portion 3 when tilted. It is configured not to touch the shell.

  The first and second drive rods 22 and 23 have intermediate portions 22c and 23c formed in a substantially annular shape like the front end portions 22a and 23a described above, and these intermediate portions 22c, A ring member 45 attached to the outer periphery of the main body of the relay holder 42 is inserted through the opening 23c. The ring member 45 is formed of a circular spring steel ring having one cut portion 45a in the same manner as the ring member 26 described above, and is held in a state of having play in the openings of the intermediate portions 22c and 23c. is there.

  Four guide portions 44 having the same configuration as the support guide portion 32 of the imaging holder 11 described above are formed on the outer periphery of the main body of the relay holder 42. Each guide portion 44 includes a pair of guide pieces 44a that define the positions of the intermediate portions 22c and 23c of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23. Each guide piece 44a has a groove into which the ring member 45 is fitted. Is formed. The relay holder 42 may be provided with a rib similar to the rib 31 of the imaging holder 11.

  Then, similarly to the case of the imaging holder 11, both ends of the cutting portion 45a of the ring member 45 are separated in advance, and the openings of the intermediate portions 22c and 23c (two each as shown in FIG. 6) are ring-shaped. The ring member 45 is guided by passing through the member 45, positioned by an appropriate jig, moved in the front-rear direction along the optical axis (the chain line in FIG. 6), and fitted into the relay holder 42. The intermediate portions 22c and 23c are accommodated between the guide pieces 44a of the guide portion 44 in a state where there is play with respect to the ring member 45, and thereby the first and second drive rods 22, When 23 is moved forward and backward, the relay holder 42 is engaged so as to be tilted accordingly.

  As a method of engaging the intermediate portions 22c and 23c of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 with the relay holder 41, the front end portions 22a of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 described above are used. Needless to say, the “other method” in which the image pickup holder 11 is engaged can be applied as it is.

  As described above, the intermediate portions 22c and 23c of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 are connected to the relay holder 42, so that the relay holder 42 and the imaging holder 11 are linked as a link mechanism for driving. The rods 22 and 23 can be made to function, and the imaging unit 12 can be stably rotated around two axes (X and Y axes shown in FIG. 4) in a small space.

  When the imaging unit 12 is rotated by the driving force transmission mechanism 21X, the rotation axis (X axis shown in FIG. 4) is a first and second pair that forms a pair in the driving force transmission mechanism 21Y (other system). It substantially coincides with an axis passing through the front end portions 22a, 23a of the drive rods 22, 23. Similarly, in the rotation of the imaging unit 12 by the driving force transmission mechanism 21Y, the rotation axis (Y axis shown in FIG. 4) is a pair of the first and second driving rods 22 in the driving force transmission mechanism 21X. 23 substantially coincides with an axis passing through the front end portions 22a and 23a. Therefore, the X-axis and the Y-axis are not fixed to the positional relationship shown in FIG. 4, but in the rotation operation of the imaging unit 12 (that is, with displacement or deformation of the drive rods 22, 23, etc.). Displace. Note that by making the X axis and Y axis orthogonal to each other, it is possible to easily realize the pan / tilt function at the time of imaging. However, these two axes do not necessarily need to be orthogonal, but simply intersect without being orthogonal. In some cases, they may be arranged at twisted positions.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the driving device 51 built in the main body 2. As also shown in FIG. 3, the main body 2 of the endoscope 1 has a driving device 51 for advancing and retracting the first driving rod 22 and the second driving rod 23 in the driving force transmission mechanism 21. Built in. In the drive device 51, a flange 54 a of a fixing member 54 to which the rear end of the insertion portion 3 (protective tube 4) is connected is attached to a base member 53 that forms the front side of the housing 52. In addition, in the housing 52, two electric motors 55X and 55Y that respectively generate driving forces applied to the driving force transmission mechanisms 21X and 21Y are provided.

  The electric motors 55X and 55Y are composed of a direct-acting stepping motor having a motor shaft (screw shaft) (not shown) that converts rotational motion into linear motion. This stepping motor is driven by so-called microstep driving. The rear end portion 24b of the motor connecting rod 24 in each driving force transmission mechanism 21 is disposed adjacent to the motor shafts of the electric motors 55X and 55Y extending in the front-rear direction, and is connected to the motor shaft via a connecting member 56. Has been. With such a configuration, the first driving rod 22 and the second driving rod 23 in each driving force transmission mechanism 21 are inserted according to the rotation amount of the electric motors 55X and 55Y (that is, the movement amount of the motor shaft). The part 3 can be moved back and forth substantially linearly in the axial direction (front-rear direction).

  Further, the drive device 51 is provided with two origin sensors 61X and 61Y for detecting the origin position of the motor shafts of the electric motors 55X and 55Y (that is, the motor connecting rod 24). Each origin sensor 61X, 61Y is composed of a PI (Photointerrupter) sensor having a light emitting part 61a and a light receiving part 61b arranged to face each other. In addition, each connecting member 56 is provided with a protruding projecting piece 56a that blocks light from the light emitting portion 61a. With such a configuration, when the motor shaft to which the connecting member 56 is attached moves, the shutter piece 56a is inserted between the light emitting part 61a and the light receiving part 61b, and the light from the light emitting part 61a is completely blocked. This position can be recognized as the origin position of the motor shaft.

  In addition, an illumination device 71 for imaging is built in the main body 2 shown in FIG. The lighting device 71 includes a plurality of LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) 72 and a transparent resin light guide 74 that is disposed in front of the LEDs 72 and guides the light output from the LEDs 72 to the four optical fiber cables 73. Have. The LED 72 can selectively output one of white light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light according to the purpose of imaging, or can simultaneously output them. As shown in FIG. 6, the optical fiber cable 73 extends to the vicinity of the imaging unit 12 through the inside of the insertion portion 3, and thus it is possible to irradiate the subject with light from the cable tip.

  FIG. 8 is a side view of the main part showing the operation of the driving force transmission mechanism 21, and FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the operation method of the driving force transmission mechanism 21.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, in the endoscope 1 in the initial state, the visual field direction of the imaging unit 12 is directed forward along the central axis C1 of the insertion portion. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9A, a backward force (spring urging force) by the tension spring 25 acts on the rear end portion 23b of the second drive rod 23, and the relay holder 42 A predetermined tension is generated between the intermediate portion 23 c and the rear end portion 23 b of the second drive rod 23 supported by the ring member 45. On the other hand, the tension applied by the tension spring 25 is transmitted to the intermediate portion 22 c via the relay holder 42, whereby the intermediate portion 22 c of the first drive rod 22 supported by the ring member 45 of the relay holder 42. Tension is also generated between the rear end 22b.

  Next, when changing the visual field direction of the endoscope 1, for example, the electric motor 55 </ b> X illustrated in FIG. 3 is operated to retract the motor connecting rod 24. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8B, the imaging unit 12 rotates around the X axis, and the viewing direction is changed. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, the outer peripheral surface 31a of the rib 31 of the imaging holder 11 has the same curvature as the inner peripheral surface of the tip convex portion 6b (see FIG. 2) of the tip cover 6, When the imaging unit 12 is rotated, the outer peripheral surface 31a of the rib 31 is slidably contacted with the inner peripheral surface of the tip convex portion 6b to guide the rotational operation. Here, an example in which the inclination angle θ of the central axis C2 of the imaging unit 12 with respect to the central axis C1 of the insertion unit is 30 ° is shown, but this inclination angle θ is within a predetermined range (for example, 0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 35 °) can be arbitrarily set.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 9B, a backward force (driving force of the electric motor 55X) acts on the rear end portion 22b of the first driving rod 22 via the motor connecting rod 24. As a result, the relay holder 42 tilts and the front end portion 22a of the first drive rod 22 moves backward, and the front end portion 23a of the second drive rod 23 moves forward. As a result, a driving force acts on the ring member 26 of the imaging holder 11 and the imaging unit 12 rotates around the X axis against the urging force of the tension spring 25. Also in such an operation of changing the viewing direction, as in FIG. 8A, the intermediate portion 23c and the rear end portion 23b of the second driving rod 23 and the intermediate portion of the first driving rod 22 are provided. A predetermined tension is generated between 22c and the rear end 22b.

  With such a configuration, it is possible to always apply tension to the first and second drive rods 22 and 23, thereby preventing a force in the buckling direction from acting on them, and the drive force transmission mechanism 21. Increased reliability. In addition, the tilting operation of the relay holder 42 can be performed smoothly.

  Here, an example of operation in which the motor connecting rod 24 is moved backward has been shown, but the motor connecting rod 24 can also be moved forward. Even in this case, the tension similar to that described above acts on the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 by the tension spring 25. Although only the movement around the X axis is shown here, the movement around the Y axis is also possible. Furthermore, by simultaneously or sequentially operating the electric motors 55X and 55Y, it can be rotated around two axes. For example, the drive speed of each electric motor 55X and 55Y is changed to a sine wave and the phase of both is controlled. Thus, it is possible to move the center of the imaging range on an arc or draw a so-called Lissajous figure.

  FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram showing a folding method of the flexible cable 16 that connects the solid-state imaging device 14 and its drive substrate 17. FIG. 10B is an explanatory view showing a state where the flexible cable 16 is folded.

  As described above, while the imaging unit 12 is rotatable, the drive board 17 is fixed to the intermediate cover 5 of the insertion portion 3, so that the flexible cable 16 that connects the two is when the imaging unit 12 rotates. It is desirable to deform easily in any direction and without local concentration of stress. On the other hand, it is desirable to keep the length as short as possible from the viewpoint of attenuation of the clock signal and the like output from the drive substrate 17 to the solid-state imaging device 14 and noise resistance.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10 (A), the flexible cable 16 folds the portions (indicated by the alternate long and short dash lines in FIG. 10 (A)) arranged at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction, while adjacent peaks. A portion (shown by a broken line in FIG. 10A) arranged to connect one end and the other end of the folded portion is folded into a valley fold and processed into the shape shown in FIG. 10B. As a result, in addition to the direction perpendicular to the drive substrate 17, bending in the parallel direction can be easily performed. As a result, the flexible cable 16 that can be bent in an arbitrary direction can be formed as short as possible.

  In addition, if the flexible cable 16 is bent in the range of one cycle shown in FIG. 10 (A), the deformation in the biaxial direction can be dealt with at a minimum. Since the distance change (initial position error) between the imaging unit 12) and the fixed portion (drive substrate 17) can be expanded and contracted, the number of cycles is preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of improving reliability.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the driving substrate 17 of the solid-state imaging device 14 and the driving rods 22 and 23. When the imaging unit 12 is rotated as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, when viewed from the axial direction of the insertion portion 3, as the rotation angle increases, a two-dot chain line in FIG. As shown, the positions of the first and second drive rods 22 and 23 surrounding the drive substrate 17 can be displaced inward.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, the drive board 17 is disposed in such a direction that the plate surface 17a does not intersect the axial direction of the insertion portion 3 (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 11), and the insertion portion is extended. The axis C3 in the longitudinal direction of the drive substrate 17 viewed from the direction may be arranged so as not to overlap the positions of the drive rods 22 and 23. In FIG. 11, the drive substrate 17 is arranged so that the angle formed by the axis C3 and the X axis or the Y axis is 45 °. Thereby, it is possible to prevent interference with the installation space of the drive substrate 17 even when the interval between the drive rods 22 and 23 is reduced when the imaging unit 12 is rotated.

  FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the driving device 51. An operation interface 81 provided in the drive device 51 includes a position input device 82 that is used for an operator to adjust the visual field direction, LED on / off, and the type of light to be emitted (white light, ultraviolet light). LED switch 83 for selecting light and infrared light. The position input device 82 can be composed of a joystick, a trackball, or the like.

  The drive control unit 84 includes motor controllers 85X and 85Y that control the electric motors 55X and 55Y (see FIG. 7), respectively. The motor controllers 85X and 85Y generate drive control signals for controlling the rotation direction and the rotation amount of the electric motors 55X and 55Y based on the position control signal including the position information input from the position input device 82. Output for. The motor drivers 86X and 86Y drive the electric motors 55X and 55Y, respectively, based on the input drive control signal.

  The drive control unit 84 can recognize that the electric motors 55X and 55Y are at the origin position based on the origin position signals input from the origin sensors 61X and 61Y. The clock input from the pulse generator 87 is supplied to a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown) in the drive control unit 84, and the timing of overall control is achieved, and as a reference clock for drive pulses of the electric motors 55X and 55Y, or It is used to set the timing of the analog output sample hold and flip-flop of the origin sensors 61X and 61Y. The electric power supplied from the constant current source 91 to the drive control unit 84 is input to the LED board 92 and used for lighting the LED 72. Further, a control voltage is input from the constant voltage source 93 to the drive control unit 84 and the motor drivers 86X and 86Y.

  FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the driving device 51. Control of each timing in FIG. 13 is executed by a CPU (not shown).

  First, when the power supply of the endoscope is turned on at time t1, the X origin sensor 61X is monitored by the CPU, and then the initialization operation of the motor X (electric motor 55X) is started at time t2. In this initialization operation, first, home detection is performed by moving the motor shaft in a predetermined direction (here, forward) until the X origin sensor 61X detects the origin position (time t3). Subsequently, after the motor shaft of the motor X is moved in the reverse direction, the initialization operation is completed by returning the motor shaft to the origin position again (time t4). Thereafter, as with the motor X, an initialization operation is performed for the motor Y (electric motor 55Y) at times t5 to t7.

  When the initialization operation of the motors X and Y is completed, imaging (acquisition of captured image data) by the imaging unit 12 is started, and the operator can operate the viewing direction of the endoscope using the operation interface. When an operation signal corresponding to the visual field direction change command from the operator is input at time t8 to t9, the motors X and Y execute a predetermined operation based on the operation signal. Captured image data (video signal output from the solid-state image sensor 14) obtained by imaging is sent to a signal processing device (not shown) connected to the main body, and subjected to predetermined image processing such as color correction and γ correction. After that, the captured image is displayed by being sent to a monitor or the like.

  Thus, since the endoscope 1 is provided with the two systems of driving force transmission mechanisms 21X and 21Y each including the pair of driving rods 22 and 23, the imaging unit 12 can be arranged in two axes without requiring a large space. It can be rotated around, and it is possible to change the viewing direction at the time of imaging in a wider range without increasing the size of the apparatus (that is, increasing the diameter of the outer shell of the insertion portion 3). .

  In the endoscope 1, the intermediate portions 22 c and 23 c of the drive rods 22 and 23 are supported by the relay holder 42 that is tiltably attached to the support shaft 41. The imaging unit 12 can be stably rotated around two axes in a small space regardless of the length.

  Further, since the endoscope 1 has a configuration in which the drive substrate 17 is disposed in the space between the imaging unit 12 and the relay holder, the drive substrate 17 can be disposed in the vicinity of the solid-state image sensor 14, It is possible to drive the imaging element 14 stably and improve the reliability of the imaging process.

  In the endoscope 1, the second driving rod 23 is not driven by the electric motors 55 </ b> X and 55 </ b> Y, and the rear end portion 23 b is on the base member 53 side (guide member 35) via the tension spring 25. Since they are connected, the number of driving rods (corresponding to the first driving rods 22) that are driven forward and backward for the rotation operation of the imaging unit 12 can be reduced. Further, the tension spring 25 can prevent rattling in the rotation operation of the imaging unit 12. Furthermore, there is an advantage that the influence of the urging force of the tension spring 25 on the imaging unit 12 can be eliminated by interposing the relay holder 42.

  Although the present invention has been described based on specific embodiments, these embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, in an endoscope used in an environment where it is not necessary to consider intrusion of liquid or the like into the insertion portion, the outer shell of the insertion portion does not necessarily define a sealed internal space. Or a structure that covers at least a part of the driving force transmission mechanism or the like.

  The relay holder only needs to have a function of supporting at least the drive rod. For example, the intermediate portion of the drive rod is linear, and the relay holder fixed to the support shaft has the linear shape. A configuration in which a guide hole through which the intermediate portion is inserted is also possible.

  Further, the first driving rod and the motor connecting rod in the driving force transmission mechanism are integrally formed (for example, the motor connecting rod is omitted by extending the base end side of the first driving rod in the embodiment). It is possible. Alternatively, the first drive rod can be composed of a plurality of rods. For example, two rods are arranged before and after the relay holder, and the two rods are indirectly connected via the relay holder (ring member). It is also possible to make a connection (that is, the base end of the front drive rod and the front end of the rear drive rod end at a portion supported by the relay holder).

  In addition, when the endoscope is used for medical purposes, when the sterilization process or the like of the insertion portion is necessary, at least the insertion portion can be separated using a known adapter.

  Further, the driving force for rotating the imaging unit is not necessarily generated by the electric motor, and a known configuration in which the operator manually generates the driving force can be used.

  Moreover, the elastic member used for the driving force transmission mechanism is not limited to the tension spring, and other known members can be used. In some cases, a compression spring or the like that generates a force in the direction opposite to that of the tension spring may be used.

  Further, it is not always necessary to use an elastic member (tensile spring) for the driving force transmission mechanism, and a configuration in which all the driving rods are driven by an electric motor or the like is also possible. In this case, the paired drive rods may be driven in opposite directions and with the same displacement amount.

  It should be noted that not all the constituent elements of the endoscope according to the present invention shown in the above embodiment are necessarily essential, and can be appropriately selected as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

  The endoscope according to the present invention makes it possible to change the viewing direction during imaging in a wider range without increasing the size of the apparatus (that is, increasing the diameter of the insertion portion). It is useful as an endoscope that can be changed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Endoscope 2 Main-body part 3 Insertion part 4 Metal pipe (cover member)
5 Intermediate cover (cover member)
6 Tip cover (cover member)
6b Tip convex portion 11 Imaging holder 12 Imaging unit 13 Objective lens system 14 Solid-state imaging device 16 Flexible cable 17 Driving substrate 17a Plate surface 21 Driving force transmission mechanism 22 First driving rods 22a and 22b Front end portion 22c Intermediate portion 23 Second Driving rod 23c Intermediate part 25 Tension spring (elastic member)
31 Rib 41 Support shaft 42 Relay holder 51 Drive device 53 Base member

Claims (7)

An imaging unit for capturing a subject image;
An imaging holder for holding the imaging unit;
Two systems of driving force transmission mechanisms each including a pair of driving rods whose distal ends are coupled to each other at diagonal positions with respect to the imaging holder;
A drive device that is disposed on the base end side of the drive rod and that drives at least one drive rod in each of the drive force transmission mechanisms to advance and retreat;
A cover member extending from a base member of the driving device and covering at least a part of the imaging unit, the imaging holder, and the driving force transmission mechanism;
The endoscope, wherein the imaging unit is rotated around two different axes by the forward and backward movement of the driving rod. A support shaft extending from the base member side toward the imaging unit;
The endoscope according to claim 1, further comprising a relay holder attached to the support shaft and supporting an intermediate portion of the drive rod.   The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the relay holder is tiltably attached to the support shaft.   The endoscope according to claim 3, wherein the relay holder is attached to the support shaft via a ball joint.   The endoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the two axes are orthogonal to each other. A hemispherical convex portion that transmits light from the subject is formed at the tip of the cover member,
The endoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the imaging holder is in sliding contact with an inner surface of a front end portion of the cover member when the imaging unit is rotated.   The endoscope according to claim 6, wherein the imaging holder includes a plurality of ribs that are in sliding contact with an inner surface of a tip portion of the cover member.

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